CONTENTS

1) Introduction
2) Theory
3) Apparatus
4) Chemicals required
5) Detection of PH
6) Test for carbon dioxide
7) Test for glucose
8) Test for phosphate
9) Test for alcohol
10) Test for sucrose
11) Result
12) Conclusion
13) Precautions

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 INTRODUCTION
The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the
industrialization in India marked its beginning with
launching of LIMCA and GOLDSPOT by parley groups
of companies. Since, the beginning of cold drinks was
highly profitable and luring, many multinational
companies launched their brands in India like PEPSI
AND COKE.

Nowadays, it is observed in general that majority of

people viewed SPRITE, MIRAND, and LIMCA to give
feeling of lightness, while PEPSI and THUMPS UP to
activate pulse and brain.

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 Theory
Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,
carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft drinks
give feeling of warmth, lightness and have a tangy taste which is liked
by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the formation of froth
on shaking the bottle.

The carbon dioxide gas is dissolved in water to form carbonic acid

which is also responsible for the tangy taste. Carbohydrates are the
naturally occurring organic compounds and are major source of energy
to our body. General formula of carbohydrates is Cx(H20)y .

On the basis of their molecules size carbohydrates are classified as:

Monosaccharide, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Glucose is a

monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6 . It occurs in free state in the
ripen grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It is also present
in human blood to the extent of about 0.1% sucrose is one of the most
useful disaccharides in our daily life. It is widely distributed in nature
in juices, seeds and also in flowers of many plants. The main source of
sucrose is sugar cane juice which contain 15-20 % sucrose and sugar
beet which has about 10-17 % sucrose. The molecular formula of
sucrose is C12H22O11 . it is produced by a mixture of glucose and
fructose. It is non-reducing in nature whereas glucose is reducing.
Cold drinks are a bit acidic in nature and their acidity can be measured
by finding their PH value. The PH values also depend upon the acidic
contents such as citric acid and phosphoric acid.

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 APPARATUS
1) Test tube
2) Test tube holder
3) Test tube stand
4) Stop watch
5) Beaker
6) Burner
7) PH paper
8) Tripod stand
9) China Dish
10) Wire gauge
11) Water bath

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 CHEMICALS REQUIRED

1) Iodine solution
2) Potassium solution
3) Fehling’s A and B solution
4) Lime water
5) Concentrated HNo3
6) Benedict solution

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 DETECTION OF PH
EXPERIMENT:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube. The change of PH was
noticed and was compared with the standard PH
scale.
OBSERVATION:
S.NO Name of the Colour Ph values
drink changes
1 Coca cola Pink 2

2 Sprite Red 2

3 Limca Pinkish 4

4 Fanta Light orange 3

INFERENCE:
All the samples gave positive test for glucose with
benedict’s reagent. Hence all the drinks contain
glucose.

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 2. FEHLING’ S SOLUTION TEST:
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands
were taken in a test tube and a few drops of
Fehling’s A and B solution e=was added in equal
amount. The test tube was heated in a water bath
for 10 minutes. Appearance of brown ppt confirmed
the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:

NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

S.NO DRINK
1 COCA COLA REDDISH-BROWN GLUCOSE IS
PPT PRESENT
2 SPRITE REDDISH-BROWN PPT GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA REDDISH-BROWN GLUCOSE IS
PPT PRESENT
4 FANTA REDDISH-BROWN GLUCOSE IS
PPT PRESENT

INFERENCE:

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ALL THE SAMPLES GAVE POSITIVE TEST FOR glucose
with Fehling’ s solutions. Hence all the cold drinks
contain glucose.

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

EXPERIMENT:

Small samples of each brand of cold drinks were

taken in separate test tubes and iodine followed by
potassium iodine and sodium hydroxide(NAOH) soln
was added to each test tube. Then the test tube
were heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes.
Appearance of yellow coloured precipitate confirmed
the presence of alcohol in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:

S.NO Name of drink Observation Conclusion

1 Coca cola Yellow ppt Alcohol is present

2 sprite Yellow ppt Alcohol is present

3 limca Yellow ppt Alcohol is present

4 fanta Yellow ppt Alcohol is present

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INFERENCE:

All the cold drinks gave positive test for alcohol.

Hence all the cold drinks contain glucose.

CHEMICAL REACTIONS INVOLVED:

CH3CH2OH + 4I2 + 6NAOH ----- CHI3 + HCOONA +

5NAI + 5H2O

TEST FOR SUCROSE

EXPERIMENT:

5 ML samples of each brand of cold drinks were taken in

separate china dishes and were heated very strongly until
changes occur. Black coloured residue left confirmed the
presence of sucrose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION:

S.NO NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

DRINK
1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESNET

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 2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESNET
3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESNET
4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESNET

INFERENCE:

ALL the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But

amount of sucrose varies in each brand of drink.
Fanta contain highest amount of sucrose.

RESULT:
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
different brands of cold drinks namely:

1. Coca cola
2. Sprite
3. Limca
4. Fanta

All contain glucose, alcohol, sucrose, phosphate, and carbon

Dioxide. All cold drinks are acidic in nature. On comparing

the PH values of different brands coca cola is the most
acidic and limca is least acidic of all four brands taken.

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CARBON DIOXIDE:

Among the four samples of cold drinks taken sprite has the
maximum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide and Fanta has
the minimum amount of dissolved carbon dioxide.

DISADVANTAGE OF COLD
DRINKS
 SOFT DRINKS are little more harmful then sugar
solution. As they contain sugar in large amount which
cause problems in diabetes patients.
 Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interface with
body’s natural ability to suppress hunger feeling.
 Soft drinks have ability to dissolve the calcium so they
are so harmful for our bones.
 Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a PH of
2.8. so they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days
 for transportation of soft drinks syrup the commercial

truck must use the hazardous matter place cards reserved

for highly conserve material.

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 Soft drinks have also ability to remove blood so they
are very harmful for our body.
 Obesity and weight-related diseases.
 Hypokalaemia (low potassium levels) diseases. Most of the
soft drinks contain high concentration of simple
carbohydrates – glucose, fructose, sucrose and other
simple sugars. Oral bacteria ferment carbohydrates and
produce acid, which dissolves tooth enamel during the
dental decay process; thus, sweetened drinks are likely to
increase risk of dental caries. The risk is greater if the
frequency of consumption is high.

USES OF COLD DRINKS

 They can remove rust spots from chrome car humpers.
 They can lose a rusted bolt.
 In may states, the Highway patrol carries a few gallons
of Soft Drinks in order to remove blood from the
highway after auto accident’s.
 Place a T-bone in steak in a bowl of soft drinks and it will
gone in 2-3 days. The meat is consumed by the acid of
the cola.
 Toilet cleaning: pour a can of soft drinks into the toilet
bowl and let the “real thing” sit for one hour, then flush.
It magically cleans better then if you had scrubbed it.

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 The citric acid in soft drinks also removes stains frim
vitreous china.
 Clean corrosion from car battery terminal: Pour soft
drinks over the terminals and the ultra-acid soft drinks
bubble away the alkaline corrosion in seconds.
 Remove grease from clothes: Empty a can of soft drinks
into a load of greasy clothes, add detergent , and run
through a regular cycle. The soft drinks will help loosen
grease stains. It s also an excellent cleaner road haze
from your windshield.
 The active ingredient in soft drinks is phosphoric acid.
Its PH is 2.8. it will dissolve a nail in about 4 days.
 To transport soft drink syrup(the concentrate) the
commercial truck must use the hazardous material place
cards reserved for highly corrosive materials.
 The distributers of soft drinks have been using it to
clean the engines of their trucks for about 20 years.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. CBSE lab manual-

WEBSITES-

www.google.com

www.wikipedia.com

www.scribd.com

SOURCE:

XII class chemistry practical book

Photos from shutter stock and goole.com (websites).

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PRECAUTIONS

 Handle the glass wares carefully.

 Allow the time required to set.

 Handle the chemicals with care.

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PROJECT BY: SUBRAT DASH
PROJECT BY: SUBRAT DASH