CHEMISTRY

PROJECT

TOPIC:
CONTENT OF
COLD DRINKS

~ By
Gulam Hassan
XII Science
 “There are times when silence speaks louder than words of
praise to only as good as belittling a person, whose words do
not express, but only put a veneer over feelings, which are of
gratitude at this point”

I would like To express a deep sense of thanks and gratitude to

my chemistry teacher Mr. Damera Ganesh Kumar for guiding
me immensely through the course of the project he always and a
keen interest in my work constructive advice and constant
motivation have been responsible for the successful completion
of the project. I would also like to extend my gratitude to the
principal for providing me with all the facilities that were
required. Last but not least, I have sincere gratitude to my
parents for their support and encouragement I would also like to
express gratitude to God to all teaching and non-teaching staff of
Kensri School and to my friends who helped me complete this
project within the limited time frame.
 KENSRI SCHOOL
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Gulam Hassan, a student of class XII Science of

KENSRI School, has successfully completed the Investigatory Project
entitled:
CONTENT OF COLD
DRINKS

He/She has submitted the above mentioned project under the

guidance of Mr. Damera Ganesh Kumar during the year
2022-2023 in the partial fulfilment of the Chemistry Practical
Examination conducted under AISSCE (All India Senior School
Certificate Examination) by CBSE.
Date:
Registration Number:
CONTENTS

THEORY

APPARATUS

CHEMICALS REQUIRED

DETECTION OF pH

TEST FOR GLUCOSE

TEST FOR ALCOHOL

TEST FOR SUCROSE

RESULT

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY
 THEORY

Soft Drinks are some of the most popular beverages in the

world, managing since their first appearance in late 18th century
to today to evolve into drinks that cater every possible customer
– from people who enjoy carbonated mineral water, to general
population that is interested in cold sweetened drink with great
moth feel, to diabetics and dieters who want to experience good
drink but without the presence of high amount of calories and
sugar

Cold drinks of different brands are composed of alcohol,

carbohydrates, carbon dioxide, phosphate ions etc. These soft
drinks give a feeling of warmth, and lightness and have a tangy
taste
which is liked by everyone. Carbon dioxide is responsible for the
formation of foam on shaking the bottle.
History of soft drinks can generally be separated into several
distinct parts:

– Popular devices that mix the

ingredients of soda drinks on the spot, often housed at
concession stands, pharmacies, train/bus stations, stores and
other locations. For more than 100 years they were the main
source of soda drink sales around the world. They were
surpassed by glass bottles and vending machines in the firstof
the 20th century.

– Advances in industrial manufacture of

aluminum enabled soft drink producers to start packaging their
products into cans in the late 1950s. Introduction of this new
packaging format marked the beginning of the modern era of
soft drinks, an era that is still active today.

– Late 1950s and early 1960s

witnessed the birth of sweetened soft drinks that switched from
sugar to artificial sweeteners that significantly lowered the
caloric value of carbonated drinks. This move was initially slow,
but was quickly kick-started into higher gear with the
introduction of Tab in 1963, Diet 7 Up in 1979 and Diet Coke in
1982.
On the basis of their molecule size carbohydrates are classi ed
as:-

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides. Glucose is

a monosaccharide with formula C6H12O6. It occurs in Free State
in the ripened grapes in bones and also in many sweet fruits. It
is also present in human blood to the extent of about 0.1%.
Sucrose is one of the most valuable disaccharides in our daily
life. It is widely distributed in nature in juices, seeds, and also in
flowers of many plants. The main source of sucrose is sugar cane
juice which contains 15-20 % sucrose and sugar beet which has
about 10-17 % sucrose.

The era of cold drinks began in 1952 but the indianization of

industry marked its beginning with launching of Limca and
goldspot by a parley group of companies. Since the beginning of
cold drinks was highly profitable, many multinational companies
launched their brands in India like Pepsi and coke.
Nowadays, it is observed in general that the majority of people
viewed Sprite, Miranda, and Limca to give a feeling of lightness,
while Pepsi and Thums Up activate the pulse and brain.
 APPARATUS

TEST TUBE

TEST TUBE HOLDER

STOP WATCH

BEAKER

BURNER

pH PAPER

TRIPOD STAND

CHINA DISH

WIRE GAUGE

WATER BATH

IODINE SOLUTION

POTASSIUM SOLUTION

SODIUM HYDROXIDE

FEHLING’S A & B SOLUTION

LIME WATER

CONCENTRATED HN03

BENEDICT SOLUTION
DETECTION OF pH

EXPERIMENT
Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a
test tube and put on the pH paper. The change in the color of pH
paper was noticed and was compared with the standard pH
scale.

OBSERVATION

SRNO. NAME OF THE DRINK COLOR CHANGE pH

VALUE

1 COCA COLA PINK 2.5-3

2 SPRITE RED 3

3 LIMCA PINKISH 4

4 FANTA LIGHT ORANGE 3-4

INFERENCE
Soft drinks are generally acidic because of the presence of
citric acid and phosphoric acid. pH values of cold drinks of
different brands are different due to the variation in the amount
of acidic contents.
EXPERIMENT
Glucose is a reducing sugar acid. Its presence is detected by the
following test:-
1. BENEDICT'S REAGENT TEST:-

Small samples of cold drinks of different brands were taken in a test

tube and a few drops of Benedict’s reagent were added. The test tube
was heated for few seconds. The formation of reddish color confirmed
the presence of glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

SR. NAME OF THE OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

NO. DRINK

1 COCA-COLA REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS

PRESENT

2 SPRITE REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS

PRESENT

3 LIMCA REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS

PRESENT
4 FANTA REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS
PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the samples gave positive tests for glucose with Benedict’s
reagent. Hence all the drinks contain glucose.
2. FEHLING’S SOLUTION TEST
A small sample of a cold drink of different brands was taken in a test
tube and a few drops of Fehling’s A solution and Fehling’s B solution
were added in equal amounts. The test tube was heated in a water bath
for 10 minutes. The appearance of brown precipitate con1rms the
presence of glucose in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

SR. NAME OF THE DRINK OBSERVATION

NO. CONCLUSION

1 COCA-COLA REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS PRESENT

2 SPRITE REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS PRESENT

3 LIMCA REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS PRESENT

4 FANTA REDDISH BROWN PPT. GLUCOSE IS PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the samples give a positive test for glucose with Fehling’s solutions
(A&B). Hence all cold drinks contain glucose.
Samples of each brand of cold drinks are taken in a sample test
tube and iodine followed by potassium iodide and sodium
hydroxide (NaOH) solution is added to each test tube. Then the
test tube are heated in hot water bath for 30 minutes yellow
colored precipitate confirmed the presence of alcohol in cold
drinks

OBSERVATION

SR. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

NO. THE
DRINK

1 COCA-COLA YELLOW PPT. ALCOHOL IS PRESENT

2 SPRITE YELLOW PPT. ALCOHOL IS PRESENT

3 LIMCA YELLOW PPT. ALCOHOL IS PRESENT

4 FANTA YELLOW PPT. ALCOHOL IS PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the Brands of Cold Drinks Contain Alcohol.

CHEMICAL REACTION INVOLVED

CH3CH2OH +4I2+ 6NaOH CHI3 + HCOONa +5NaI +5H2O
5 ml samples of each brand of cold drinks was taken in a
china dish and heated very strongly until changes occur.
Black colored residue left con1rms the presence of sucrose
in cold drinks.

OBSERVATION

SR. NAME OF OBSERVATION CONCLUSION

NO. THE
DRINK

1 COCA COLA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS

PRESENT
2 SPRITE BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
3 LIMCA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT
4 FANTA BLACK RESIDUE SUCROSE IS
PRESENT

INFERENCE
All the brands of cold drinks contain sucrose. But the amount
of sucrose varies
in each brand of drink. Fanta contained the highest amount of
sucrose.
After conducting several tests, it was concluded that the
different brands of cold drinks namely:
1. Coca cola 2. Sprite 3. Limca 4.
Fanta All contains glucose, alcohol
sucrose. All are acidic in nature.
pH value of coca cola is nearly equal to disinfectant
which is harmful for the body.
 DISADVANTAGES
1. Soft drinks are a little more harmful than sugar solutions.
As they contain sugar in large amount which cause “diabetes”
2. Soft drinks can cause weight gain as they interfere with the
body’s natural ability to suppress hunger.
3. Soft drinks have the ability to dissolve calcium so they
are also harmful for our bones.
4. Soft drinks contain “phosphoric acid” which has a pH of
2.8. So they can dissolve a nail in about 4 days

BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.googlearth.com
www.cseindia.org
www.icbse.com