au

171
 target
→
BIOTECHNOLOGY ✓
=

→
Principles .

Physiology
?⃝
Reicher → Nucleus
of Owl cell
-

a-
HEREDITY → MULLIN
Altmann → Nuc # ID
÷
DNA RNA
1 Most ) ( some viruses
d
LARGEST
BIO MoLECULE_
POLY NUCLEOTIDE
-
HUMAN → dsDNA → 3-3×109 bp
( n)
E. coli → dsDNA → 4.6 ✗
Nbp
✗
phage → dsDNA → 48502
bp
.

a.MY#,
Bases
Phosphoric Deoxy
Ni
Acid ribose
Fd
Purines
0,11 Sugar 9- Members
Pyrimidines
6- Members
=P
8%9,04
0 -
OH Double
in sing single
Hi:# ,qg
i

"
OH H
3 2 3
,

5
3

5 2 3

'
5
 phosphodiester Bond ? glycosidic
Bond ?
ltneardsbnt = 200
bp d

§
" Base
pair
__ 200
4¥
" " "" " "°

Noofphospuodiestq = N -
z

Bony
400-2
= 398
=

÷
 • : ¥ .

9 3
6,1/2
1,357,9-3^1 1,3 -3N
Adenine Thymine
Guanine
cytosine
Ribose
☒NA- A U
Phosphoric
Acid <
I' → OH G

U → 1- ( 5 meiuyluraal
Methylation
at 5th
position
sagai-Base-t.PE
Nucleoside

Fie
P→
.net
Nucleotide

sYa÷+?¥→di;j¥i% DAMP

damp
St G →
deoxy guanosine
dcmp
St C →
deony cytidine

DTMP
St 1-→
deoxy thymidine
 ÷i¥¥☒÷É¥
'

L
'

3
' 2

OHH
-11,0

Pce I -9
glycosidic linkage
P iglycosidic linkage
'
L -

8-
 iii.
-1%0,④É%÷¥¥
'

phosphodiester
Bowl
0=1
? -
OH

Hi
0110%04
-

s ¥
"④¥µµii
orin
"
 / '

5 ⑧; Glycosidic H-

Bond 3
d

sugaetbaseD-BasJ-suga.LT
"

④ ⑦
Puospuo
diesel
←
¥7
/
-
☒ ¥3
13 -5
' '

④_£-04 - Base

'
3 5
'
3- D structure
- -

Double Helical Watson and Cn CK

by
'

- -

11953)

Cliargaff front-line Wilkins

A =T X
Ray diffraction
-

a
G =L
Double Helical .

A -19 Ttc Width

/ 20¥
= -
= 2mm

Purine =
Pyrimidine -

Each
= 34mm
turn
=L
each to
layer of
-

turn
Are
sugar
=

Bases

aA¥_ →
vary
with
species
 '
Poy 3 ←g 20$
An±pal
Backbone '

SugarBases projected
-1 -1

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→

{
aside
I. Helical Turn
°
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•

PITCH

RightHl
a
Handed "
d
" "$
⇐pair

,
,
 Which Bond is in DNA But
§ present
←
not in nucleotide ?
Ébase
Pn¥" sugar
 PAC-t-A.am a ofDNA_
Downy DNA
rely
→ Acidic → -

I
PII-aryote.ae4.6×100
when bp=
0.34
bp
d distance

Byod
-6
4.6×100×0.34×10
Length ofDNA-
→

nucleoid
=
1.36mm

Coiled Nou
proteins
upon
→

BASIC
/ l
 EUkAR
DNA → Nof bpx Distance
b/w adjacent
Length of bp
= G. 6 ✗ 109 ✗ 0 -

34 ✗ 10 -9m

bNA=22m€) 1o-b①
Packaging proteins
÷
Histone Nou Histone Chromosomal
LMW HMW

Basic ( tire) Acidic C -

ve
)
④ → Not
conserved
conserved f¥¥B ] Lysine
 1¥ ] Arginine
112A

113
HZB
Hy
HL
I
£4
✓
✓ bp
✗ 2 200
d

octanes NUCLEOSOME
Body
nu

9
0
Beeching ,
0

&
 0

B
7×6×35×5
I

Packaging 9 ⑦
f)
__
7350

RAE
06 :AEs
3
o

I → ⑤ → →

Of
" 5
i
o

:B
① .

I
*
-
-

o '

:
'
-0--0
l t
Nucleosome solenoid 'm
10mm 30mm
supSolenoid 700mn
✓
700

d 1400mm
300mm
Chromatid
CHROMATID .
Heterochromatin Euchromatin
d- d

Lightly
-

- Dark

loosely
-

tigutiy
-

Active
Inactive
-

-
 6-11 May

-
-
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