Chemical

Coordination and L1
Integration
Hypothalamus & Pituitary
Seep Pahuja
❏ M.Sc. (Hons) - Gold Medalist, B.ed. , GATE Qualified

❏ 8+ yrs teaching experience

❏ M.Sc. ( Gold Medalist ), B.Ed., GATE
Qualified
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Biotechnology
Principles & Processes
 Biotechnology
➔ In its purest form, the term biotechnology refers to the use of living organisms or
their products to modify human health and the human environment.
 Biotechnology
➔ Nowadays, it is used in restricted sense.
➔ It refers to those processes which includes formation of Genetically modified
Organisms.
 Biotechnology
➔ Technique of using live organisms, their cellular components or enzymes to
produce products and processes useful to us in industry, Agriculture, Medicine and
food processing.
 Classical / Traditional Biotechnology
➔ In includes the process that are based on the natural capabilities of
microorganisms.
➔ Curd, vinegar, ghee, wine and beer and other alcoholic beverages, idli, dosa, paneer
and some other food have been produced using traditional biotechnology.
 Modern Biotechnology
➔ In-vitro fertilisation leading to a ‘test-tube’ baby, synthesising a gene and using it,
developing a DNA vaccine or correcting a defective gene, are all part of
biotechnology.
 Biotechnology
➔ The European Federation of Biotechnology (EFB) has given the definition of
biotechnology which includes both
Traditional View

Modern Molecular Biotechnology

➔ The integration of natural science and organism, cells, parts thereof, and molecular
analogues for products and services.
 Principles of Biotechnology
➔ Main techniques that helped in combining genetic elements of living cells and that
gave birth to Modern Biotechnology are:

Genetic Engineering

Bioprocess Engineering
 Genetic Engineering
➔ Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce
these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism.
 Bioprocess Engineering
➔ Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical
engineering processes to enable growth only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in
large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics,
vaccines, enzymes, etc.
 Gene Cloning
➔ Cloning is making multiple identical copies of any template DNA.
➔ It includes:

Creation of recombinant DNA

Use of gene cloning

Gene transfer
Gene Cloning
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