Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale

In this modern society, meals are cooked and homes are treated with homemade

traditional stoves or open fires. These stoves are fired with either natural gas just like

the Butane gas, this kind of gas is the products obtained by the natural gas or crude oil.

According to (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries or OPEC 2009) stated that

butane gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons that exist in a liquid phase in natural

underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing

through surface separating facilities. Butane gas also known a liquid petroleum gas o

LPG, it is constituent of gasoline liquid also used as a transport fuel in its own right.

Butane gas (chemical formula C4H10)is a highly flammable, odorless, colorless

hydrocarbon that is compound of hydrogen and carbon. It is easily liquefied and burns

in the presence of oxygen to form carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. And it has a toxic

chemical that it is very dangerous to inhale that can cause asphyxia, narcosis,

drowsiness and cardiac arrhythmia.Burning butane gas produces nitrogen dioxide, a

highly toxic gas. It causes asphyxiation when released in a confined area. High

concentrations of butane lead to nervous system depression. Skin contact may cause

frostbite, symptoms of which include itching, prickling and numbness in the affected

area(s). Severe frostbite causes blistering, gangrene and tissue death. Liquefied butane

gas in contact with the eyes can lead to permanent eye damage . Also butane gas
consists of n-butane (68.59 percent), isobutene (29.39 percent) propane (1.48 percent)

and nitrogen (0.55 percent) (Gilani, Natasha 2017).

In this introduction of butane gas, it is very dangerous in the first place. Butane

gas is very dangerous not just by humans’ health but also in our society. It is stated in

much news or articles that butane gas caused not in health but burning a house or an

establishment. So the (Department of Energy 2018) pleased the people in the

Philippines to stop using or bought a butane gas because this is only for safety in their

health and to the society. Also butane gas are only used in outdoors not indoors

because what it said that it is very dangerous when there is too much pressure due to

reusing, the tendency is to expand, which causes leak in the canister that will lead to

fire.

Butane gas is very useful yet dangerous. If the researchers can utilize the butane

gas as a part of household cooking, some people might be happy because they can buy

it affordable but some of them are not because they want a safety living without burning

or inhaling chemicals. Butane gas can be utilized someday if it is safe to use, but it can

deny that people used in the needed time to cook for their family because it is very

affordable to buy it.

In a small place where the researchers live, is all the neighborhoods commonly

used butane gas for cooking meals at home. Meals are commonly cooked at home

where traditional stoves used like the butane gas, people used often butane gas

because it is environmental friendly and affordable. It is usually used because the

society is now grown to modern society where it used of technology. The researchers

hope that this study might be helpful to the butane gas users to use it in moderation.

Theoretical Framework

The Assessment of Use The Significant Numbers The Utilization of

of Liquefied Petroleum of the Respondents had Butane Gas in

Gas (LPG) as Cooking high Knowledge of the Households of Senior

Energy Source among Utilization of LPG High School Students

Rural Households

Figure 1: Theoretical Conceptual Framework

Conceptual Framework

Liquefied petroleum gases (of which propane and butane are the two major

varieties) are being utilized increasingly in homes, industrial plants, and in trucks,

buses, and even automobiles as a source of fuel. It has alarmed many city and county

officials who are concerned over the potential hazards of these high-octane fuels. In the

early days of its history as a commercial energy source, in the late twenties, liquefied
petroleum gas (sometimes referred to as LPG) was used primarily in rural areas for

cooking, and occasionally for space heating, and also in certain industrial processes as

a raw material. Gradually, it was learned that these gases made excellent motor fuels,

and tractors and other farm machinery were converted to their use. Many trucking firms

and bus companies also converted to using propane, and this trend has become even

stronger in recent years.

As is true with many technological advances, or with new and potentially

dangerous products, there is a tendency either to view the advance as a fearful

monster, and outlaw it from the city, or to assume that the new product differs little from

its predecessor, and to believe that regulations which sufficed previously will continue to

operate satisfactorily for the new product. Certainly, the researchers have seen both

reactions to propane and butane. Some cities have wanted to ignore the emerging

problems and regulate these fuels to areas outside the corporate limits: and still others

have felt secure in the belief that their regulations for gasoline could be applied to LPG

without modification.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to study the advantages of having Butane gas stoves used in the

homes of Senior High School students in Don Sergio Osmeña Sr. Memorial National

High School for their day to day chores and the reason why they continue to use such

despite its dangers.

More specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:

 1. How has cooking changed when they started using butane stoves?

1.1 Does it take a shorter/longer time to finish cooking using butane

stoves?

1.2 Has a butane stove at home helped in saving space in the kitchen?

2. Why do they use Butane stoves rather than other gas?

2.1 How much money do they spend for refills every month?

2.2 Does their butane stove help them save money?

3. Are they aware of the dangers of using Butane stoves?

3.1 Do they observe safety precautions while using butane stoves?

3.2 Do they buy refills only at credible stores or refilling stations?

4. What are the cause and effects of using butane gas at homes in terms of:

4.1 Inhaling toxic chemicals?

4.2 Burning or explosion?

5. Have they encountered problems while using butane stoves?

Statement of the Hypotheses

HO1= There is a significant between using the butane gas than the other fuel that

usually used in households of Senior High School students.

HO2= There is no significant between using the butane gas than other fuel that

usually used in households of Senior High School students.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The main focus of this study is the utilization of butane gas in a household of

Senior High School students. This includes the usefulness of it and how is it important in

every Senior High School students' family life to do their household cooking. And also it

includes the coverage of this study as well as the research instruments being used, the

research issues and concerns, and the result of the study.

This study is all about butane gases and their affects when using it. Most people

now that using butane was not permitted in the Philippines since it might cause disaster

like an explosion of butane canister. So this study was about the reason why there are

some people uses this even if it was not allowed in our country.

This study will be conducted in DSOSMNHS and the participants would be the

senior high student who until now uses a butane canister in their house to cook their

food. This study would focus on the people reason of using butane until now, the reason

they use it and the danger of using it in their household. This study would also contain

the recent tragic happenings that these butane canisters cause and the possible

consequence of using it until now. This is all about the butane gases and no more other

than that

This study will be tackle more about the effects of the butane gas to the

community and to the people who live in it.

Significance of the Study

The results of the study will be great benefit to the following:

Students. These results of this study will provide the students to know that

butane gas is very useful yet dangerous to use at homes. And it is very to know the

utilization of butane gas at home. It is very to know this because it will give them

knowledge and tell their parents to stop using butane gas for their safe.

Teachers. This study will also provide the teachers to teach their students to

know the importance of not to use or the utilization of the butane gas in the community

and how it affects human's health.

Parents. The study will also provide the parents to know that today, they must

stop using or buying butane gas for their cooking. Instead, use an LPG or a traditional

way of cooking like in woods or charcoals to avoid burning or health problems.

Community. This study will also provide the community to know the danger of

using butane gas at homes. And also give them a seminar or orientations about butane

gas and what are the effects on it.

Definitions of Terms

The following terms are words that are usually encountered and also will help to

have an easy and better understanding for the readers:

Butane gas. A colorless flammable gaseous alkane that exists in two isomeric forms,

both of which occur in natural gas. The stableisomer, n-butane, is used mainly in the

manufacture of rubberand fuels (such as Calor Gas). Formula: C4H10

Hydrocarbon. An organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.

Hydrocarbons are examples of group 14 hydrides. Hydrocarbons, from which, one

hydrogen atom has been removed are functional groups called hydrocarbyls.

LPG. Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to

as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used

as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

Burning. Being on fire and resembling that produced by a burn (https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/burning)

Explosion. The act or an instance of exploding, a large-scale, rapid, or spectacular

expansion or bursting out or forth.

 Chapter 2
Review of Related Literatures

Related Literatures

Butane Gas also a natural gas that is compared to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)

is used as a cooking fuel in the households. Now a day’s almost all people use butane

gas for their daily food to eat. This kind of gas can make a person to a harmful because

of the substances that are mix in butane gas, also people who use this know the danger

of this kind but they continue to use it.

According to Elbadawy et. al. (2018) from Simulation of Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG) Production from Natural Gas Using Fractionation Towers states that Liquefied

Petroleum Gas (LPG) is used as a fuel application but this is used as a cooking fuel in

the households. Also it stated that it has the same properties of natural gas but there is

a substance called mercaptant usually added to LPG to give it a characteristic odor

that’s why LPG is used as fuel for vehicle instead of petrol and diesel.

The study of Krzysiak et.al. (2017) from Analysis of Tank Safety with Propane-

Butane on LPG Distribution Station analyze that the development of transport using

liquid and gaseous fuels resulted in the need for continuous access to these kinds of

fuels. It is states the analysis of tank safety with propane-butane on LPG distribution

station for the safety of the people than using butane gas. And the additional goal is the

development of a useful method to fast identify the hazard. It seems that LPG is the

useful fuel when it comes in cooking rather than using butane gas. Also this study is
coinciding to Marwan et. al. (2005) from Emission of Nitrogen Dioxide from Butane Gas

Heaters and Stove Indoors stated that it has effects on estimating health risks related to

the used of butane gas heaters in residential home.

The need to promote the use of clean household cooking energy source as well

as propagating safe and sustainable environment to cut down the number of human

lives lost to the use of unsafe, inefficient and unhealthy cooking energy sources has

informed the introduction of LPG initiative, according to Hammeed (2016) from

Assessment of the Use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as Cooking Energy Source

Among Rural Households in Badagry Area of Lagos State. Energy is vital part of any

nations’ existence, it is the “life blood” that drives economic and social development

without which it becomes essentially difficult for an individual, community or even a

nation to survive. It revealed that the rural people in low-income countries do not have

access to sustainable energy needed such as electricity and gas.

Related Studies

The study of Hamidi et. al. (2016) from “Study on Propane-Butane Gas Storage

by Hydrate Technology” states that Different technology has been applied to store

and transport gas fuel. In this work the storage of gas mixture of propane-butane by

hydrate technology was studied. The investigation was done on the effect of crystallizer

rotation speed on the formation of propane-butane hydrate. The hydrates were formed

using crystallizer with rotation speed of 100, 200, and 300 rpm. The formation of gas

hydrates was done at initial pressure of 3 bars and temperature of 274K. The results
indicated that the higher rotation speed was found to increase the formation rate of

propane-butane hydrate and improve the hydrates stability.

According to Nwaoha et. al. (2014) from “A Review of the Utilization and

Monetization of Nigeria's Natural Gas Resources: Current Realities” states that the

natural gas is destined to become a larger part of Nigerian energy mix as the country

seeks to guarantee the sustainability of its energy supply and benefit from greater

energy efficiency and reduce energy-related costs. And this study coincide to the study

of Bunachita (2014) from Cooking with Butane Gas Stoves Cheaper, but LPG refills are

Fire Hazard explain that butane gas is easy to see why cheaper substitute is appealing

to budget-tight family. Also sari- sari store sell illegal refilled canisters with LPG for as

low as P28. And this can be good for three uses while an LPG cylinder lasts for over a

month depending on the usage. Butane stoves is design only for outdoor like camping

not daily cooking indoors.

Also the study of Paczuski et. al. (2015) from Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as

a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines states that a multifunctional addictive was

obtained giving LPG adequate lubricity and detergent properties. The influence of water

on the process of LPG combustion in a gasoline fueled engine as well ways to supply

water to the combustion zone are being studied. Successful completion of research

works and design works will result in elimination of scarce disadvantages of LPG as an

engine fuel, preserving at the same time all its numerous advantages an alternative fuel

for the future- the new era source of energy.

 Chapter 3
Research Methodology

Research Design
The research design will be used the descriptive survey research

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study will be the Senior High School students.

Wherein a total sample of 40 respondents, 20 male senior high school students and 20

female senior high school students will answer the questionnaire given to them and to

undergo interview.

Research Environment

Don Sergio Osmeña Sr. Memorial National High School is a secondary

public high school located in Balaga Drive, Labangon Cebu City. The school is

implemented the K-12 system along the other public high schools. The school provides

Junior High School and Senior High School. It provides only three academic tracks for
Senior High School namely, Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics (STEM)

track, General Academic Strand (GAS), and Technical Vocational Livelihood TVL) track.

Data Gathering Procedure

From the population of approximately 1000 students from Don Sergio

Osmeña Sr. Memorial National High School, 40 students were randomly selected to

answer the questionnaire. Simple random sampling was utilized because the

respondents can be picked randomly in every section.

Research Instrument

The research instrument used for this research is formulated through the

gathering questions from related literature and studies for the questionnaires. Also the

senior high students were answered by the using likert scale method type – by just

checking the given choices about using gas in their households.

Stastical Treatment

A stastical tool use to measure two or more quantitative variables, also

define the relationship between the two variables. In addition to this study, T- test is also

define or utilized as it deals with some Senior High School students using butane gas

and their expensive or money to use to buy it.