EXPERIMENT: 1

ToprepareM/ 50oxalicacidsolutionusingthi
ssoluti
ondeter
minethemolar
it
yst
rengt
h
ofgiv
enKMnO4
MATERI ALREQUI RED:
Sol
idAnal y
tical,
wei ghtfl
ask,burette,10pipet
te,
tit
rat
ionf
lask,t
estt
ube.
CHEMI CALSREQUI RED:
Sol
idoxalicacidKMnO4sol uti
on, dilH2SO4
THEORY:
Molecularequation:
2KMnO4 +3H2SO4 → K2SO4 +2MnSO4 +3H2O +3[ O]
0
COOH 60-70 C
| .2H2O + [ O] → 2CO2 +3H2O]) )×5
COOH

2KMnO4 +3H2SO4 + COOH

5| .2H2O
COOH
I
ONI CEQUATI ONS:
MnO4- +8H+ +5e- → Mn2+ +4H2O]
C2O42- → 2CO2 +2Mn2+ +8H2O +10CO2
I
ndicator:KMn4isaselfindicat
or.
Endpoi nt
:Col
ourlesst
ol ightpi
nk.(KMnO4i
nbur
ett
e)

OBSERVATIONS:
Molar
it
yofoxali
caci
dsolut
ion=M/50
Vol
umeofoxal i
caci
dsol
uti
ontakenf
ortit
rat
ion=20ml
S.No. I
NITIALREADI
NG FINALREADING VOLOFKMnO4USED
1. 0.
0ml 19.6 19.
6
2. 19.
6 39.2 19.
6
3. 0.
0ml 19.6 19.
6
4. 19.
6 39.2 19.
6
Concor
dantreadi
ng=19.6ml

RESULT:
Thest rengt hofKMnO4i s1.58g/
L
CALCULATI ONS:
Molar i
tyofKMnO4sol ut
ion-
Acc.ToMol ari
tyeq.
MKMnO4 ×VKMNO4 =2/ 5
Moxalicacid ×Voxalicacid

MKMnO4 ×19.
6=2
1/
50×20 5
M =2×20 ⇒ M =40/4900
50×19.6×5
St
rengthofKMnO4 sol
n.=Mol
ari
ty×Mol
ecul
arMass
 =0.
008×158=1.
289g/
L=1.
3g/
L

AI
M:
Todi
sti
ngui
shbet
weenphenol
andal
cohol
.

MATERIALREQUI RED:
Testt
ube,beaker
s,Testt
ubest
and,
wir
egauze,
bur
nerandwat
erbat
h.

CHEMI
CALREQUI RED:
Chemi
cal
srequi
redareshowni
nthet
abl
esahead.

THEORY:
Di
ffer
entfunct
iongroupreactdi
ff
erent
lywit
hdiff
erenttesti
ngreagent
s.Thi
spr
oper
ty
wit
hdiff
erentr
eagents.Thi
spropert
yofthefunct
ionalgroups.

PROCEDURE:
S.
NO. EXPERI
MENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
TESTTUBE“A” Pl
easantf
ruit
y Alcohol
group
smel
l confi
rmed.
1 ESTERTEST:
1ml ofcompound+1ml of
gl
acialacet
icaci
dfol
l
owed2drops
ofconc.H2SO4.

2 CERI
CAMMONI UM NITRATETEST: Pi
nkcol
our Al
cohol
icgr
oup
1ml ofcompound+f ewdr
opsof pr
esent
Cer
icammoni um ni
tr
atesol
uti
on

TESTTUBE“
B”

1 LI
TMUSTEST:
Shakeapinchofcompoundwi th Bluel
it
must
urns Phenol
group
di
stil
l
edwat er.Tothisaddf ew red. pr
esent
dropsofbluelit
mussol uti
on.
2 FERRICCHLORI DETEST: Greeni
sh/Reddi
sh Conf
ir
msphenol
i
c
Toal i
tt
lequantityofsubstancein vi
oletcol
our gr
oup.
atesttubeaddf ewdr opsof
neutr
alfer
ricchlori
desolution.

3 CERICAMMONI UM NITRATE
SOLUTON
To1ml oft
hecompoundadd Gr
eenorbr
ownppt Phenol
i
cgr
oup
waterandheat.Addfewdr opsof pr
esent
Cer
icammoni um ni
trate.

RESULT:
TESTTUBE“
A”:Alcohol
“B”:
Phenol

EXPERIMENT:3
AIM:
Todeter
mineonecat
ionandoneani
onf
rom t
hef
oll
owi
ngsal
tbysy
stemat
icanal
ysi
s.

THEORY:
ThepresenceofCati
onandAnioni
nagivensal
tscanbedet
ect
ed&conf
ir
med,
subsequent
lybyconduct
ingf
oll
owi
ngexperi
ments.

APPARATUS:
Testt
ube,beaker
s,Chi
nadi
sh,
funnel
,Tr
ipodst
and,
Bur
ner
,wi
regauze,
wat
chgl
ass,
Fi
lt
erpaper.

PROCEDURE:
SALT:
1:(
NH4)
2SO4

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMINARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance:
Cu2+,
Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Whi
te Ni
absent.
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4+,CH3COO-
absent.
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Dil
.H2SO4Test:
Sal
t+di lH2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO32-,
S2-,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
- --
3. Conc.H2SO4Test : Nogasev
olv
ed Cl,Br,I,CH3COO-,
Salt+2ml 0.5gConc.H2SO4. NO3-absent.
4. Speci algroupTest :
a)BaCl 2 Tes t
: Whi
teppt
. SO4-Conf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussol ut
ionofsaltadd
BaCl 2solution.
b)Pb( CH3COO) 2Test:
Tot heaqueoussol uti
onofsalt
, Whi
teppt
. SO42-conf
ir
med.
addf ewdr opsofaacet i
cacid
&leadacet atesoluti
on.
5 IDENTI FICATI ONOFANI ONS:
 Preparat
ionofOri
ginal
Solut
ion(O.S.
):
6 Salt+wat er di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
LabelO.S.
7 Testofzer ogr
oup:
O.S.+Nessl er
’sr
eagent Br
ownppt NH4+conf
ir
med
+
8 O.S.+aq. NaOH Ammoni
calsmel
l NH4 conf
ir
med

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensal thas
Ani
on:SO42-
Cat
i NH4+
on:

SALT:
2:Cu(
SO4)

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMINARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance: Cr
yst
all
i
ne .
Cu2+,Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Bl
ue Ni
Present.
+
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4 , CH3COO-
absent .
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Dil
.H2SO4Test:
Sal
t+di l.H2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO33+,
S,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
- --
3. Conc.H2SO4Test : Nogasevol
ved Cl,Br,ICH3COO-,
,
-
Salt+2ml 0.5gConc.H2SO4. NO3 absent
.
4. Speci algroupt est:
a)BaCl 2T est: Whit
eppt. SO4-Conf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussol ut
ionofsaltadd
BaCl 2solution.
b)Pb( CH3COO) 2Test:
Tot heaqueoussol uti
onofsalt
, Whit
eppt. SO42-conf
ir
med.
addf ewdr opsofaacet i
cacid
&leadacet atesol uti
on.
5 IDENTI FICATI ONOFANI ONS:
Prepar ati
onofOr i
ginal
Solution(O.S.):
6 Salt+wat er di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
Label O.S.
7 Testofzer ogr oup:
O.S.+Nessl er’
sreagent Noppt NH4+absent
 8 O.S.+aq. NaOH Ammonicalsmel
l NH4+absent
9 O.S.+di lHCl Noppt Group1absent
10 O.S.+di lHCl+H2Sgas Bl
ackppt Group2present
11 Ppt.+NH4OH +CH3COOH + Chocol
atecol
orppt Confi
rmsCu2+
Potassium fer
ocynide
12 FlameTest :
Prepareapast eofsaltwit
h Bl
uishgr our Cu2+Conf
eencol ir
med
conc.HCl andperformflame
test

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensal thas
2-
Ani
on: (
SO4)
Cati
on:Cu2+
SALT:3: Al2( SO4)
3

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMINARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance: Cr
ystal
l
ine .
Cu2+,Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Whit
e Ni
Absent .
+
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4 , CH3COO-
absent .
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Dil
.H2SO4Test:
Sal
t+di l.
H2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO33+,
S,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
- --
3. Conc.H2SO4Test : Nogasevol
v ed Cl,Br,ICH3COO-,
,
-
Salt+2ml 0.5gConc.H2SO4. NO3 absent
.
4. Speci algroupt est:
a)BaCl 2T est: Whit
eppt. SO4-Conf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussol ut
ionofsaltadd
BaCl 2solution.
b)Pb( CH3COO) 2Test:
Tot heaqueoussol uti
onofsalt
, Whit
eppt. SO42-conf
ir
med.
addf ewdr opsofaacet i
cacid
&leadacet atesol uti
on.
5 IDENTI FICATI ONOFANI ONS:
Prepar ati
onofor i
ginal
solution(O.S.)
6 Salt+wat er di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
Label O.S.
7 Testofzer ogr oup:
O.S.+Nessl er’
sreagent Noppt. NH4+absent
8 O.S.+aq. NaOH NoAmmoni cal NH4+absent
 smell
9 O.S.+di l
HCl Noppt. Group1absent
10 O.S.+dilHCl+H2Sgas Noppt. Group2Absent
3+
11 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl Gel
ati
nouswhi
teppt I
ndicat
esAl
3+
12 Ppt.+NaOH anddivideiti
n Bl
uishwhi
tel
ake Confi
rmsAl
twoparts
Part1+Dil.HCl+Bl
uelit
mus
solut
ion

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensal thas
2-
Ani
on: (
SO4)
3+
Cati
on:Al

SALT:
4:Ni
Cl2

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMINARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance: Cr
yst
all
i
ne .
Cu2+,Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Gr
een Ni
Present.
+
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4 , CH3COO-
absent .
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Dil
.H2SO4Test:
Sal
t+di l.H2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO33+,
S,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
-
3. Conc.H2SO4Test
: Pungentsmell, Cl maybepresent.
Sal
t+2ml 0.
5gConc.H2SO4. Whit
ef umesofHCl
gasevolved.
4.
-
a)Ag( NO3)Test: Whi
teppt
. ClConf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussol ut
ionofsaltadd
BaCl2s ol
uti
on.
AddNH4OHi nexcess Ppt.di
ssol
ves
b)Chr omy lChlor
ideTest: Orangevapour
s.
-
Salt+K2Cr 2O7+C onc.H2SO4 Clconf
ir
med.
Passt heorangev apour
s Or
angesol
uti
on
throughNaOHsol uti
on.
5 IDENTI FI
CATIONOFANI ONS:
Preparati
onofOr igi
nal
 Solut
ion:
6 Salt+water di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
LabelO.S.
7 Testofzerogr
oup:
O.S.+Nessler
’sr
eagent Noppt. NH4+absent
8 O.S.+aq.NaOH NoAmmoni cal NH4+absent
smell
9 O.S.+di lHCl Noppt. Gr
oup1absent
10 O.S.+di l
HCl+H2Sgas Noppt. Gr
oup2Absent
11 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl Noppt. Gr
oup3Absent
12 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+H2S Bl ackppt. Gr
oup4Present
gas
2+
13 DMGTest : Br
ightredppt
. Conf
ir
msNi
O.S.+NH4OHsol n.+f ew
dropsofdimet hylgly
oxime
2+
14 Sodium hydroxidetest: Bl
ackppt. Conf
ir
msNi
O.S.+NaOHexcessand
brominewat er

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensalthas
-
Ani
on: Cl
2+
Cati
on:Ni

SALT:
5:CaCl
2

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMINARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance: Cr
ystal
l
ine .
Cu2+,Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Whit
e Ni
Present.
+
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4 , CH3COO-
absent .
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Dil
.H2SO4Test:
Sal
t+di lH2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO33+,
S,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
-
3. Conc.H2SO4Test
: Pungentsmell, Cl maybepresent.
Sal
t+2ml 0.
5gConc.H2SO4. Whit
ef umesofHCl
gasevolved.
4.
-
a)Ag(
NO3)Test: Whi
teppt
. ClConf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussolut
ionofsal
tadd
BaCl
2solut
ion.
 AddNH4OHi nexcess Ppt.di
ssol
ves
b)Chr omy lChl or
ideTest: Orangevapour
s.
-
Salt+K2Cr O
2 7 +C onc.H2SO4 Clconf
ir
med.
Passt heor angev apour
s Or
angesol
uti
on.
throughNaOHsol uti
on.
5 IDENTI FI
CATI ONOFANI ONS:
PreparationofOr i
ginal
Soluti
on( O.S.):
6 Salt+wat er di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
Label O.S.
7 Testofzer ogr oup:
O.S.+Nessl er’
sreagent Noppt. NH4+absent
8 O.S.+aq. NaOH NoAmmoni cal NH4+absent
smel
l
9 O.S.+di l
HCl Noppt. Gr
oup1absent
10 O.S.+dilHCl+H2Sgas Noppt. Gr
oup2Absent
11 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl Noppt. Gr
oup3Absent
12 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+H2S Noppt . Gr
oup4Absent
gas
13 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+ Whit
eppt. Gr
oup5pr
esent
(NH4)2CO3
14 O.S.+Oxal i
cacid+NH4OH+ Whi t
eppt. Conf
imsCa2+
r
Scrat
chthetestt
ubef
rom si
de

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensal thas
-
Ani
on: Cl
Cati
on:Ca2+

SALT:
5:BaCl
2

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMINARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance: Cr
ystal
l
ine .
Cu2+,Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Whit
e Ni
Present.
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4+,CH3COO-
absent.
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Dil
.H2SO4Test:
Sal
t+di l.H2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO33+,
S,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
-
3. Conc.H2SO4Test
: Pungentsmel
l, Clmaybepr esent.
Sal
t+2ml 0.
5gConc.H2SO4. Whit
ef umesofHCl
 gasev
olv
ed.
4.
-
a)Ag( NO3)Test : Whi
teppt
. ClConf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussol ut
ionofsaltadd
BaCl2s oluti
on.
AddNH4OHi nexcess Ppt.di
ssol
ves
b)Chr omy lChl or
ideTest: Orangevapour
s.
-
Salt+K2Cr 2O7+C onc.H2SO4 Clconf
ir
med.
Passt heor angev apour
s Or
angesol
uti
on
throughNaOH
5 IDENTI FI
CATI ONOFANI ONS:
Preparationofor i
ginal
soluti
on( O.S)
6 Salt+wat er di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
Label O.S.
7 Testofzer ogr oup:
O.S.+Nessl er’
sreagent Noppt NH4+absent
8 O.S.+aq. NaOH NoAmmonical NH4+absent
smel
l
9 O.S.+dilHCl Noppt Gr
oup1absent
10 O.S.+dilHCl+H2Sgas Noppt Gr
oup2Absent
11 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl Noppt Gr
oup3Absent
12 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+H2S Noppt Gr
oup4Absent
gas
13 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+ Whit
eppt Gr
oup5pr
esent
(NH4)
2CO3
14 O.S.+Oxalicaci
d+NH4OH+ Whi t
eppt Conf
imsCa2+
r
Scrat
chthetestt
ubef
rom si
de

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensal thas
-
Ani
on: Cl
Cati
on:Ca2+

SALT:
5:BaCl
2

S.
NO. EXPERIMENT OBSERVATI
ON I
NFERENCE
1. PRELIMI
NARYTEST:
Physi
calappear
ance: Cr
ystal
l
ine .
Cu2+,Fe2+,
Mn2+, 2+
NotedColour Whit
e Ni
Present.
Not
edsmel
l NoSmel
l NH4+,CH3COO-
absent.
2. WETTEST:
I
DENTI FI
CATIONOFANI
ONS:
Di
l.H2SO4Test:
 Sal
t+di
lH2SO4 Nogasev
olv
ed CO33+,
S,SO32-,
NO2-
absent.
-
3. Conc.H2SO4Test
: Pungentsmell, Cl maybepresent.
Sal
t+2ml 0.
5gConc.H2SO4. Whit
ef umesofHCl
gasevolved.
4.
-
a)Ag( NO3)Test : Whi
teppt
. ClConf
ir
med.
Toaqueoussol ut
ionofsaltadd
BaCl2s oluti
on.
AddNH4OHi nexcess Ppt.di
ssol
ves
b)Chr omy lChl or
ideTest: Orangevapour
s.
-
Salt+K2Cr 2O7+C onc.H2SO4 Clconf
ir
med.
Passt heor angev apour
s Or
angesol
uti
on
throughNaOH
5 IDENTI FI
CATI ONOFANI ONS:
Preparationofor i
ginal
soluti
on( O.S.):
6 Salt+wat er di
ssol
ves O.
S.pr
epar
ed
Label O.S.
7 Testofzer ogr oup:
O.S.+Nessl er’
sreagent Noppt. NH4+absent
8 O.S.+aq. NaOH NoAmmoni cal NH4+absent
smell
9 O.S.+di lHCl Noppt. Gr
oup1absent
10 O.S.+dilHCl+H2Sgas Noppt. Gr
oup2Absent
11 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl Noppt. Gr
oup3Absent
12 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+H2S Noppt . Gr
oup4Absent
gas
13 O.S.+NH4OH +NH4Cl+ Whit
eppt. Gr
oup5pr
esent
(NH4)2CO3
14 TestforBa2+: Whit
eppt. Conf
imsCa2+
r
Fi
ltert
heabov ewhit
epptand
di
ssolveindil
.CH3COOH
15 Potassi
um chromatetest
: Conf
imsBa2+
r
Part1+potchr omate Yel
l
owppt.
Fl
amet est:Perf
ormflametest
withsal
t

RESULT:
Thegiv
ensal thas
-
Ani
on: Cl
Cati
on:Ca2+