Software Characteristics

What is software? Characteristics and Classification of Software. http://ecomputernotes.com/software-engineering/characteristics-and-class...
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What is software? Characteristics and

Classification of Software.
BY DINESH THAKUR Category: Software Engineering
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In earlier times, software was simple in nature and hence,
Software
software development was a simple activity. However, as
technology improved, software became more complex and Maintenance
software projects grew larger. Software development now Principles of

necessitated the presence of a team, which could prepare Software
detailed plans and designs, carry out testing, develop intuitive
Design &
user interfaces, and integrate all these activities into a system.
Concepts in
This new approach led to the emergence of a discipline known
as software engineering. Software
Engineering
What is
Software
Requirements
Specification?
2 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Explain
Structure and
Characteristics
of SRS.
Explain
Software
Configuration
Management
Process
Software engineering provides methods to handle Spiral model

complexities in a software system and enables the in Software
development of reliable software systems, which maximize Engineering
productivity. In addition to the technical aspects of the
List & Explain
software development, it also covers management activities
which include guiding the team, budgeting, preparing Various
schedules, etc. The notion of software engineering was first Components

proposed in 1968. Since then, software engineering has of an SRS
evolved as a full-fledged engineering discipline, which is
What are
accepted as a field involving in-depth study and research.
Various
Software engineering methods and tools have been
successfully implemented in various applications spread Software
across different walks of life. Engineering
Software is defined as a collection of programs, Problems?
documentation and operating procedures. The Institute of Explain
Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines
What is
software as a 'collection of computer programs, procedures,
Process
rules and associated documentation and data.' It possesses no
mass, no volume, and no colour, which makes it a non- Model?
degradable entity over a long period. Software does not wear Explain
out or get tired. Waterfall
Software controls, integrates, and manages the hardware Model Along
components of a computer system. It also instructs the
With its
computer what needs to be done to perform a specific task
and how it is to be done. For example, software instructs the Limitations
hardware how to print a document, take input from the user, Software
and display the output. Crisis in
Computer works only in response to instructions provided Software
externally. Usually, the instructions to perform some intended Engineering
3 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
tasks are organized into a program using a programming Project

language like C, C++, Java, etc., and submitted to computer. Planning in
Computer interprets and executes these instructions and
Software
provides response to the user accordingly. A set of programs
intended to provide users with a set of interrelated Engineering
functionalities is known as a software package. For Classification

example, an accounting software package such as Tally of Software
provides users the functionality to perform accounting-related
Metrics in
activities.
Software
Software Characteristics Engineering
Architectural
Different individuals judge software on different basis. This is
because they are involved with the software in different ways. Design in
For example, users want the software to perform according to Software
their requirements. Similarly, developers involved in Engineering
designing, coding, and maintenance of the software evaluate
Software
the software by looking at its internal characteristics, before
delivering it to the user. Software characteristics are classified Engineering -
into six major components. What is
• Functionality: Refers to the degree of performance of the Software

software against its intended purpose. Engineering?
Write Basic
Objective and
Need for
Software
• Reliability: Refers to the ability of the software to provide
desired functionality under the given conditions. Engineering
• Usability: Refers to the extent to which the software can be Requirements
used with ease. Analysis in
• Efficiency: Refers to the ability of the software to use Software

system resources in the most effective and efficient manner. Engineering
• Maintainability: Refers to the ease with which the What is
modifications can be made in a software system to extend its Structural
functionality, improve its performance, or correct errors.
Testing?
• Portability: Refers to the ease with which software
Explain any
developers can transfer software from one platform to
Two
another, without (or with minimum) changes. In simple
terms, it refers to the ability of software to function properly Techniques
on different hardware and software platforms without making used in it
4 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
any changes in it. Rapid

In addition to the above mentioned characteristics, Application
robustness and integrity are also important. Robustness Development
refers to the degree to which the software can keep on
(RAD) Model
functioning in spite of being provided with invalid data while
and its
integrity refers to the degree to which unauthorized access to
the software or data can be prevented. Advantages
and
Classification of Software
Disadvantages
Software can be applied in countless fields such as business, of RAD Model
education, social sector, and other fields. It is designed to suit
Differentiate
some specific goals such as data processing, information
Between
sharing, communication, and so on. It is classified according
to the range of potential of applications. These classifications Process,
are listed below. Project and
• System software: This class of software manages and Products

controls the internal operations of a computer system. It is a Software
group of programs, which is responsible for using computer
Metrics in
resources efficiently and effectively. For example, an
Software
operating system is a system software, which controls the
hardware, manages memory and multitasking functions, and Engineering
acts as an interface between application programs and the Differentiate
computer. Between Top
• Real-time software: This class of software observes, Down and
analyzes, and controls real world events as they occur.
Bottom UP
Generally, a real-time system guarantees a response to an
Approaches
external event within a specified period of time. An example
of real-time software is the software used for weather Differentiate
forecasting that collects and processes parameters like Between
temperature and humidity from the external environment to Error, Fault
forecast the weather. Most of the defence organizations all
and Failure
over the world use real-time software to control their military
hardware. Object-
• Business software: This class of software is widely used Oriented
in areas where management and control of financial activities Testing

is of utmost importance. The fundamental component of a What is
business system comprises payroll, inventory, and accounting
Software
software that permit the user to access relevant data from the
Requirement?
database. These activities are usually performed with the help
of specialized business software that facilitates efficient Types of
5 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
framework in business operations and in management Requirements.

decisions. What is
• Engineering and scientific software: This class of Formal
software has emerged as a powerful tool in the research and
Methods
development of next generation technology. Applications such
Model?
as the study of celestial bodies, under-surface activities, and
programming of an orbital path for space shuttles are heavily Advantages
dependent on engineering and scientific software. This and
software is designed to perform precise calculations on Disadvantages
complex numerical data that are obtained during real time
of Formal
environment.
Methods
• Artificial intelligence (AI) software: This class of
software is used where the problem-solving technique is non- Model
algorithmic in nature. The solutions of such problems are Describe

generally non-agreeable to computation or straightforward Difference
analysis. Instead, these problems require specific problem-
Between Top-
solving strategies that include expert system, pattern
Down &
recognition, and game-playing techniques. In addition, they
involve different kinds of search techniques which include the Bottom up
use of heuristics. The role of artificial intelligence software is Coding
to add certain degrees of intelligence to the mechanical Techniques
hardware in order to get the desired work done in an agile
for
manner.
Programming
• Web-based software: This class of software acts as an
What is build
interface between the user and the Internet. Data on the
Internet is in the form of text, audio, or video format, linked and fix model
with hyperlinks. Web browser is a software that retrieves web or ad hoc
pages from the Internet. The software incorporates executable model? and
instructions written in special scripting languages such as CGI
Explaini its
or ASP. Apart from providing navigation on the Web, this
software also supports additional features that are useful Advantages
while surfing the Internet. and
• Personal computer (PC) software: This class of Disadvantages

software is used for both official and personal use. The Debugging in
personal computer software market has grown over in the last Software
two decades from normal text editor to word processor and
Testing
from simple paintbrush to advanced image-editing software.
This software is used predominantly in almost every field, When is Cost
whether it is database management system, financial Estimation

accounting package, or multimedia-based software. It has Done?
6 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
emerged as a versatile tool for routine applications. Discuss the
COCOMO
Model along
with the
Parameters
Defined in it
Software
Testing
Strategies -
Types of
Software
Testing
Strategies
Discuss the
Different
Levels of
Testing
Incremental
Model or
iterative
enhancement
model in
software
engineering
What is
Functional
Testing? What
are the
Different
Techniques
used in it
Write and
Explain
Software
7 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Development
Phases
What is a Test
Plan? What
should a Test
Plan Include
Definition of
Software
Engineering
and Software
Engineering
Layers
Software
Engineering
Challenges
What are the
Different
Methods Used
for Monitoring
a Project
Requirements
Validation in
Software
Engineering
Explain
Software
Components
Applications
Component-
Level Design
in software
engineering
Time Boxing
Model in
8 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Software
Engineering
Explain
Various
DESIGN
TECHNIQUES
Coding
Guidelines in
Software
Engineering
What do you
Mean by
Structured
Analysis.
Discuss the
Objectives of
the Design
Phase
What is Risk
Management?
Give Brief
Ideas for Risk
Assessment
and Control
Explain
Classical Life
Cycle Model
or linear
sequential
model
Software
Testing –
What is
Software
9 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Testing?
Characteristics
of Software
Test.
Programming
Practices with
Top-Down,
Bottom-Up,
Structured
Programming,
and
Information
Hiding
Software
Testing
Techniques
What is
Exhaustive
Testing
What do you
Mean by
Staffing
What are Test
Case
Specifications
Software
Process
Assessment
Data Design
in Software
Engineering
Write
Different
Software
10 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Quality
Factors
Discuss
Briefly the
Validation of
SRS
What are
Function
Points? How
are they
Computed?
Explain
What is
Quality
Assurance
Plans?
Discuss the
Different
Approaches
Used
What is
V-model ?
Advantages
and
Disadvantages
of V Model.
Software
Measurement
in Software
Engineering
Code
Verification
Techniques in
Software
11 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Engineering
Software
Engineering
Phases
Criteria for
Selecting
Software
Process
Models
What are the
Matrices,
Measurements
and Models of
Project
Management
Process
Discuss
Briefly Test
Cases and
Test Criteria
What is Black
Box Testing
Software
Maintenance
Models
Software
Design
Documentation
(SDD)
Test Case
Design |
Software
Testing
What are the
12 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Different
Verification
Methods Used
for Detailed
Design
Software
Maintenance
in Software
Engineering
Explain
Object
Oriented
Analysis and
Dsign Tools
Coding
Documentation
in Software
Engineering
Emergence of
Software
Engineering
Requirements
Management
Process in
Software
Engineering
What do you
Mean by
Process
Improvement
and Maturity.
Explain the
CMM Model
What are
13 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Requirement
Reviews
Software
Maintenance
Life Cycle
Software
Design
Reviews in
Software
Engineering
Levels of
Software
Testing
Write a Note
on Software
Design
Phases
Explain
Various
Phases of
Process
Management
Measuring
Software
Quality in
Software
Engineering
What are Test
Oracles
Object
Oriented
Metrics in
Software
Engineering
14 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
What are
Various Types
of Errors that
Occur in SRS
Coding
Methodology
in Software
Engineering
What is Static
Analysis?
How is it
Performed?
What are its
Uses
What is
Mutation
Testing
Tools for
Software
Maintenance
Write Major
Problems in
System
(Software)
Development
What are the
Different
Techniques
Used for
Proving the
Correctness
of a Program
Explain
Various
15 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Programming
Practices
used in
Coding. What
is meant by
Information
Hiding
Write a Short
Note on
Project
Control
Termination
Analysis
What is the
Psychology of
Testing
What is
Design
Review? How
Automated
Cross-
Checking
Determines
Review of
System
Write Down
Various
Software
Problems
Software
Testing Tools
Techniques
for
Maintenance
16 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Software
Process and
Life Cycle
What Do You
Mean by Knot
Count
What are the
Different
Methods Used
to Specify the
Modules in
Detailed
Design
Write
Management
Approaches
in Software
Engineering
Designing
Software
Metrics in
Software
Engineering
What are the
Different
Approaches
Used for the
Verification of
a Design
Document
Responsibilities
of Software
Project
Manager
17 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Requirements
Elicitation or
requirements
capture or
requirements
acquisition
What is
Bottom-Up
Design?
Test Plan |
Software
Testing
Write Role of
Management
Apart from
Requirement
Reviews what
are the other
Methods Used
for the
Validation of
SRS
Analysis
Patterns in
Software
Engineering
Software
Requirements
Engineering
Tools
Features of
Software
Code in
Software
18 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56
Engineering
Quantitative
Process
Management
(QPM)
Issues in
Software
Metrics
Process
Change
Management
(PCM)
Technology
Change
Management
(TCM)
Organization
Process
Definition
(OPD)
Coding Tools
in Software
Engineering
Organization
Process
Focus (OPF)
19 of 19 07-08-2018, 11:56

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What is software? Characteristics and Classification of Software. http://ecomputernotes.com/software-engineering/characteristics-and-class...

HOME COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL NETWORKING

C LANGUAGE JAVA TUTORIAL C PROGRAMMING

Home Software Engineering

What is software? Characteristics and

Study Java Server

software projects grew larger. Software development now Principles of

Software engineering provides methods to handle Spiral model

schedules, etc. The notion of software engineering was first Components

tasks are organized into a program using a programming Project

functionalities is known as a software package. For Classification

into six major components. What is

• Functionality: Refers to the degree of performance of the Software

• Usability: Refers to the extent to which the software can be Requirements

used with ease. Analysis in

• Efficiency: Refers to the ability of the software to use Software

any changes in it. Rapid

• System software: This class of software manages and Products

• Business software: This class of software is widely used Oriented

in areas where management and control of financial activities Testing

framework in business operations and in management Requirements.

algorithmic in nature. The solutions of such problems are Describe

while surfing the Internet. and

• Personal computer (PC) software: This class of Disadvantages

whether it is database management system, financial Estimation

emerged as a versatile tool for routine applications. Discuss the

What are the

Ideas for Risk

What are Test

What are the

What are the

What are Test

What are its

What are the

What are the

What are the

Used for the

are the other

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