Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is the application of sensing, analysis, control and

communications technologies to ground transportation in order to improve safety, mobility and

efficiency. ITS includes a wide range of applications that process and share information to ease
congestion, improve traffic management, minimize environmental impact and increase the
benefits of transportation to commercial users and the public in general.

ITS, which is part of the Internet of Things, includes vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-
infrastructure (V2I) technology and incorporates both wireless and wire line communications-
based information and electronics technologies. Wireless technology is used to connect vehicle
information and location to other vehicles, other transportation modes (such as pedestrians or
bicyclists), local infrastructure and remote infrastructure in the cloud.

ITS is having a significant effect on transportation int applications such as electronic toll
collection, ramp meters, traffic light cameras, traffic-signal coordination, transit signal priority
and traveler-information systems.The adoption of ITS is expected to increase in applications
such as fleet monitoring, tolling management, ticket management, transportation pricing,
telematics and traffic monitoring. Key beneficiaries of ITS safety improvements as well as the
availability of real-time information and analytics are travelers, businesses and transportation
agencies. Data from ITS also has homeland security
applications.(https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/intelligent-transportation-system)

P2P
Stands for "Peer to Peer." In a P2P network, the "peers" are computer systems which are
connected to each other via the Internet. Files can be shared directly between systems on the
network without the need of a central server. In other words, each computer on a P2P network
becomes a file server as well as a client.

The only requirements for a computer to join a peer-to-peer network are an Internet connection
and P2P software. Common P2P software programs include Kazaa, Limewire, BearShare,
Morpheus, and Acquisition. These programs connect to a P2P network, such as "Gnutella,"
which allows the computer to access thousands of other systems on the network.

Once connected to the network, P2P software allows you to search for files on other people's
computers. Meanwhile, other users on the network can search for files on your computer, but
typically only within a single folder that you have designated to share. While P2P networking
makes file sharing easy and convenient, is also has led to a lot of software piracy and illegal
music downloads. Therefore, it is best to be on the safe side and only download software and
music from legitimate websites.(https://techterms.com/definition/p2p)

Number of coding system

Brief History of UVVRP or Number Coding

The UVVRP or the Number Coding is a traffic decongestion scheme that bans private (even
brand-new cars) and public utility vehicles from plying the roads on weekdays (Monday to
Friday). This scheme was first implemented in 1995 through a Metropolitan Manila Development
Authority (MMDA) Memorandum Regulation No. 95-001. The said memorandum was revised
through the MMDA Memorandum Regulation No. 96-005 on 1996.

Objective of UVVRP or Number Coding

Number Coding aims to alleviate traffic congestion by restricting vehicles that can drive through
public roads based on their license plates. Section 1 of the Memorandum Regulation No. 96-
005 prohibits both private and public vehicles from plying the roads in Metro Manila based on
the license plate’s last digit. The Number Coding Scheme based on this memorandum runs
from 7 AM to 7 PM, Monday to Friday—the number coding hours has been changed, read
through the article to know what happened-–with license plates ending with either 1 and 2
banned on Monday, 3 and 4 on Tuesday, 5 and 6 on Wednesday, 7 and 8 on Thursday, and 9
and 0 on Friday

UVVRP or Number Coding enters revision phase

The Number Coding that we used to know entered a series of revision over the past two years.
The reason for such revisions are diverse but the common denominator lies on implementing
the full objective of the UVVRP to alleviate traffic congestion.(https://ph.news.yahoo.com/things-
know-number-coding-philippines-050051230.html)

Electronic payment scheme

An e-payment system is a way of making transactions or paying for goods and services through
an electronic medium, without the use of checks or cash. It’s also called an electronic payment
system or online payment system. Read on to learn more.

The electronic payment system has grown increasingly over the last decades due to the
growing spread of internet-based banking and shopping. As the world advances more with
technology development, we can see the rise of electronic payment systems and payment
processing devices. As these increase, improve, and provide ever more secure online payment
transactions the percentage of check and cash transactions will decrease.

One of the most popular payment forms online are credit and debit cards. Besides them, there
are also alternative payment methods, such as bank transfers, electronic wallets, smart cards or
bitcoin wallet (bitcoin is the most popular cryptocurrency). (https://securionpay.com/blog/e-
payment-
system/amp/#aoh=15734689798161&amp_ct=1573468994210&csi=1&referrer=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s)

Uber / Grab
Uber and GrabCar are popular modes of transportation conceptualized and developed abroad
and later introduced to Filipino commuters. The service is classified by the Department of
Transportation and Communications (DOTC) under what they defined as Transportation
Network Company (TNC). The rise of these transport modes has a direct impact to a segment
once dominated by conventional taxis as these two became popular in the market in terms of
the premium services they provide to riders. The main objectives of this study are the following:
a) to determine the characteristics of TNC users as well as the attributes of TNC operators in
Metro Manila; b) to determine the perception of commuters and operators on Uber and
GrabCar; c) to determine the role of Uber & GrabCar in our transportation sector and
sustainable transport in Metro Manila; and d) to formulate recommendations for TNCs as well as
for improving conventional taxi services.

The surveys were conducted online using social media in which respondents were asked to
summarize their total experience using existing taxi services compared to Uber and GrabCar.
The surveys revealed common complaints about existing taxi services. Furthermore, the relative
ratio of users of Uber, GrabCar, and Conventional Taxi were also estimated based from the
survey respondents. The characteristics of TNC users such as demographics & trip purposes
were also noted as well as the attributions of TNC operators in Metro Manila. User's and
Operator's Perception regarding Uber and GrabCar were also determined in this study. The
surveys conducted in this exploratory study showed that the Transportation Network Company
(TNC) is an innovation in the transportation industry in the Philippines that gives everyone not
just safer and faster trips but also business opportunities. Now, private car owners can have an
option not to use their car as often as before and still enjoy the same convenience and safety
like riding their own car.

TNC's role in Metro Manila is to have another mobility option for commuters that is safe,
convenient and reliable. TNCs however compete with the service provided by taxis and this
healthy competition is said to eliminate the taxi operators' monopoly in the transport market
creating a benchmark that challenges the taxi operators to improve the quality of their service.
Also, the TNCs in Metro Manila deviate from the true concept of car-sharing because most cars
were bought brand new instead of using the existing vehicle for the purpose of becoming a TNC
partner. We can still experience the same positive impacts of car-sharing if private car users will
shift to using TNC instead.

TNCs in order to contribute to a sustainable transport should consider the concept of ride-
sharing by maximizing the occupancy of the vehicle, and by encouraging the people to share
their ride. TNCs should highly discourage its members to buy new vehicles but instead utilize
the existing units in good condition and qualified to the age requirement set by
LTFRB.(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318959598_An_Exploratory_Study_on_Uber_
GrabCar_and_Conventional_Taxis_in_Metro_Manila)

High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes

High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are one or more lanes of a roadway that have restrictions
on use to encourage ridesharing and can reduce vehicle miles traveled (VMT). Rules for HOV
lanes vary and are usually posted. Typically, HOV lanes are open to motor vehicles carrying two
or more people, and sometimes access is open to motorcycles or vehicles that use alternative
fuels (hybrid or electric vehicles). Access restrictions on HOV lanes can apply 24-hours a day or
only during peak congestion periods. The goal of HOV lanes is to provide an incentive to use
ridesharing and public transportation, remove congestion from normal lanes of travel, and
improve overall traffic operations. In places with excess capacity on HOV lanes, high-occupancy
toll (HOT) lanes have been implemented. These differ from HOV lanes in that motor vehicles
carrying only one person can use these lanes for a fee. Users may be able to use HOT lanes at
all times that HOV lanes are in operation or HOT lane use may be restricted during the most
congested periods.(https://www.transportation.gov/mission/health/High-Occupancy-Vehicle-
Lanes)

Landport

MANILA, Philippines — The daily commute from Cavite and Batangas to Metro Manila is
expected to improve as the country’s first landport, done through a collaboration of the public
and private sectors, opens on Nov. 5.

The Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) along Coastal Road will deliver a new
experience with passenger-friendly systems, multi-modal connections and a wide array of
commercial options in a terminal with a daily capacity of 200,000 passengers.

The PITX is the first integrated and multi-modal terminal in the southwestern part of Metro
Manila, serving as a transfer point between provincial buses from Cavite, Batangas and in-city
modes of transportation.

It will also provide interconnectivity between different transport modes and services that will help
ensure efficient and seamless travel for the riding
public.(https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/11/03/1865487/countrys-first-landport-ready-
roll)