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Identidad de Euler PDF
Identidad de Euler PDF
PROOF:
Suppose that θ = πi.
Now, we are going to do an expansion by Taylor´s Series of the exponential function around
zero, that is:
(θ)n
eθ = ∞
P
n=0 n!
(θ)2 (θ)3 (θ)4 (θ)5
=1+θ+ 2!
+ 3!
+ 4!
+ 5!
− ... (1)
Where k = 0, 1, 2, 3...
Then, using (3) and (4) in (2), we can rearrange as:
(π)2 (π)3 i
(π)4 5
eπi = 1 + (π)i − 2!
− 3!
4!
+ (π)5! i − ...
+
2 4 3 5
= 1 − (π)
2!
+ (π)
4!
− ... + (π)i − (π)3! i + (π)5! i − ...
2 4 3 5
= {1 − (π)
2!
+ (π)
4!
− ...} + i{(π) − (π)3!
+ (π)5!
− ...} (5)
What we have done is use a property that allow us express the serie in (2) as the sum of two
series. Furthermore, you can see that the series in the RHS of (5) correspond to the expansion
by Taylor´s Series of the functions cosine and sine respectively, around zero in the value of π.
So, we can rewrite (5) as:
P∞ 2n P∞ 2n+1
n (π) n (π)
eπi = n=0 (−1) (2n)! +i n=0 (−1) (2n+1)!
πi
e = cos(π) + isin(π)
eπi = −1 (6)
Where, we have used the fact cos(π) = −1 and sin(π) = 0 in the second row. It allow us to
express (6) in its most beautiful and powerful form:
eπi + 1 = 0 (7)