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2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures

g procedure in controlled environment for indoor cultivation of Pleurotus pulmonarius

n AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 15(45):2578-2586 · November 2016 with 3,718 Reads

621

m Zarina Zakaria
ntral South University 14.17 · Universiti Malaysia Perlis

midin +1
Mohd Azlan Bin
niversiti Malaysia Perlis

Show more authors

d mushroom cultivation in controlled indoor environment. For this, the environmental factors including humidity and
ntrolled by humidifier and ventilation. Four ventilations were installed on tops to bring the air from inside to outside
tions were installed on side wall along with black filter to bring the air from outside to inside. Four humidifiers were
t positions inside the cultivation house. A single unit of humidifier was applied along with two top ventilations and
optimize the humidifying duration for 80 to 90% humidity. In this process 15 min humidifying duration was
to 90% humidity. Then the four units of humidifier were applied for 15 min by one combined application and five
s to optimize the configuration to ensure the 80 to 90% humidity in the whole cultivation room with tolerable
he individual application as 15 min interval period by following after every 15 min humidifying treatment from four
een optimized and applied for the cultivation of method. During cultivation 28.60±1.02°C temperature, 87.96±2.26%
% CO 2 and 34.53±19.003 lux light intensity had recorded. The total 261.8 kg mushroom was harvested from the
system, a fairly good production of mushroom was harvested till 7 flushes within 3 months of cultivation. This
g optimization and configuration procedure may ensure the continuous mushroom production throughout the years.

research

bers
cations
rojects

qul Islam Author content

copyright.
 See all › See all › See all ›
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2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures

+6

n of indoor Configuration of humidifier Humidifying configuration 2 for Humidifying configuration 2 for

house w… position in different points insi… individual application. individual application.

ariqul Islam Author content

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t to copyright.

, pp. 2578-2586, 9 November, 2016

97/AJB2016.15621
mber: E80C6C361549
5315 African Journal of Biotec
© 2016
retain the copyright of this article
w.academicjournals.org/AJB

gth Research Paper

timization of humidifying procedure in contro

environment for indoor cultivation of Pleurotu
pulmonarius
riqul Islam1, Zarina Zakaria2*, Nasrul Hamidin3 and Mohd Azlan Bin Mohd Is
School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Mala
y of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis,
hool of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Ma
4
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Technology MARA (UiTM), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysi
Received 21 August, 2016; Accepted 28 October, 2016

tudy investigated mushroom cultivation in controlled indoor environment. For this,

nmental factors including humidity and temperature were controlled by humidifier a
tion. Four ventilations were installed on tops to bring the air from inside to outside and
ventilations
See all › were installed
See all › onSee
side
all › wall along with black filter to bring the air from out
Four humidifiers
2 Citations were placed10inFigures
20 References four different positions inside the cultivation
Download citation house. A s Download full-text PDF
Share
humidifier was applied along with two top ventilations and two side ventilation to optimiz
fying duration for 80 to 90% humidity. In this process 15 min humidifying duration was op
in 80 to 90% humidity. Then the four units of humidifier were applied for 15 min by one co
ation and five individual applications to optimize the configuration to ensure the 80
ty in the whole cultivation room with tolerable temperature. Finally, the individual applica
interval period by following after every 15 min humidifying treatment from four different
een optimized and applied for the cultivation of method. During cultivation 28.60±1.
rature, 87.96±2.26% humidity, 0.035±.005% CO2 and 34.53±19.003 lux light intensity had re
otal 261.8 kg mushroom was harvested from the controlled cultivation system, a fai
ction of mushroom was harvested till 7 flushes within 3 months of cultivation. This meth
fying optimization and configuration procedure may ensure the continuous mushro
ction throughout the years.

ords: Indoor, cultivation, model, mushroom, environment, optimization.

CTION

has been considered as human diet since 200
s taste, nutritional and medicinal properties in
The demand of mushroom is increasing by
in Malaysia, the number of cultivators and
is decreasing (Haimid et al., 2013). This is due
onsistent environmental condition with high
temperature (32-35°C) and low humidity
Pleurotus species can grow in ranges of
temperature and 80 to 90% humidity (Chang
2004; Uddin et al., 2011).
Jang et al. (2003) investigated the mo
differences of Pleurotus ostreatus grown in

Islam et

ntal conditions .They controlled temperature
ty from 13°C to above 16°C and from 60% to
to cultivate P. ostreatus by using air cooler,
ure ventilation system and under pressure
system. In the humidity in excess of 80% at 13
mperature, the best morphology and yield of P.
was investigated. In other conditions, P.
generally showed the morphology closing to
on. Another study of Yang et al. (2013) in
investigated the morphology and yield of
eryngii in indoor controlled environment. The
e and humidity were controlled from 14 to
from 89 to 97% by using air conditioners,
and fans. The maximum yield was found in
g room from 16 to 18°C and 93% or above
y.
s sajor-caju was cultivated indoor house with
coolinics Model CTG 250 Yamamota and
highest yield from 20 to 25°C temperature
farmers in local area (Seung et al., 1984). Pink
shroom was successfully cultivated in the
mushroom cultivation chamber at 23 to 25°C
ian et al., 2014). Thepa et al. (1999) found
m3 in size inside a concrete building located at Tam
Arau, Perlis. The wall was made by bricks at on
gypsum board on the rest of the walls. The roof of
build up by also gypsum board under the main conc
room was installed with four rows of racks; each rac
iron bars distance by 15 cm from each other and 55
between the racks. Roof ventilation, light and side v
installed inside the room in order to facilitate fresh a
proper light intensity respectively. The roof ventilatio
with top roof to bring air from inside to outside
ventilations was installed at bottom of the wall with
bring air outside to inside.
The bags were arranged horizontally through the
nylon rope and made it tight by cable tie and ha
Twelve bags were arranged in one column of rop
together in 4 parts. The columns of rope were arra
distance from each other in every rack so that the a
can easily flow through the spaces between the b
the temperature of the bags from increasing. Mu
emitted heat during incubation, so the bags can
overheated if they touch each other (Curvetto et a
distance of the top end bag from the ceiling was 7
down end bag from the floor was 30 cm. The hu
RING TL-3600) were placed between the two c
where the distance of humidifier from the opening p
(front view) was 25 to 30 cm; from the side view of
25 cm and from the back view of bags was 10 to 15
ombination
See all › of evaporative
See all › cooling
See alland
› thermometers (EXTECH 445703), Luxmeters (HI 9
ventilation
2 Citations system provided maximum
10 Figures yield
20 References
able environmental condition for growing
edodes. Veena and Pandey (2012) was
Tramete versicolor in 25±2°C temperature and
humidity and kept open the door of the
room three times in a day for 30 min to supply
Generally outdoor cultivation provides lower
onger production times compare with indoor
Barney, 2000). Recently a study reported that
treatment had influenced the mushroom
ifferent stages of production but no optimized
ad identified (Islam et al., 2016).
vironmental profile of Malaysia, it must need to
artificial system to provide optimum growing
nt for mushroom. Although, some researches
med on controlling and maintaining
ntal factors to find out optimum range of
nd temperature which are expensive and not
r convention commercial cultivation. So, this
nvestigated to develop a new method and way
ng the indoor environmental condition for
l cultivation which ensure the continuous
production throughout the years in Malaysia
imilar ecological regions.
AND METHODS
esign of indoor cultivation room
ultivation room was measured at 5.8 L×4.57 W×2.74 H
ding author. E-mail: zarinaz@unimap.edu.my. Tel: +60175487772. Fax: +604 9798755.
gree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Comm
International License
Afr. J. Biotechnol.
meter (Drager Pac 7000) citation
were installed in different Download full-text PDF
Download Share
the cultivation room to monitor temperature, humidi
and CO2 level during the experimental procedure. T
indoor cultivation model is followed as in Figure 1.
Optimized humidifying duration
In this method, four humidifiers were placed in four
as surrounding 2.9×2.29 (m2) inside the room wher
among the humidifier positions was 2 to 2.5 (m
as shown in Figure 2. The duration of humidifying w
order to maintain the humidity values ranging betwe
in the surrounding 2.9×2.29 (m2) by using single un
and two units of continuous roof and side ventilat
ventilation was applied since the room was close
ventilation was running continuously which had a
bring air out, so it is important to use an air incom
along with air out ventilation which also helps t
circulation and reduce the indoor temperature. F
humidifier and ventilation was run to achieve ma
from initial range to higher than 90%. After that,
process was stopped and ventilation was still runn
humidity was monitored until the reading dropped
80%. The changes of humidity with time were mea
interval. The same procedure was used in all 4 repl
of increasing humidity from all replicates were a
graph was plotted using duration of humidifying (Mi
while the percentages of humidity (%) value on the
the equation for by which optimized the duration of
maintaining 80 to 90% of humidity.
Optimized humidifiers configuration
Then the four humidifiers were configured in two d
 See all › See all › See all ›
Download citation Share Download full-text PDF
2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures

e 1. Floor plan and design of indoor mushroom cultivation house with bags.

gure 2. Configuration of humidifier position in different points inside the growing house.

r 15 min optimized duration obtained from the result Combined application

mize Humidifying Duration) in order to ensure 80 to
y. First one was “Combined Application” and another Combined application was followed by applying
ividual Application”. humidifier in together for 15 min optimized duration

Islam et
 See all › See all › See all ›
Download citation Share Download full-text PDF
2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures

Figure 3. Humidifying configuration 2 for individual application.

Figure 4. Humidifying configuration 2 for individual application.

oof and side ventilation. All humidifiers were applied in temperature.

5 min by 45 min interval from four different parts of the
ocedure was continued for 24 h with 4 replicates. The
umidity and temperature with time were measured at 5 Configuration 2
The data from all replicates were analysed and made a
mbined application of humidifiers.
In this procedure, the four humidifiers were config
running one after another with one 15 min inte
humidifier 4 (H4) and humidifier 1 (H1) and followed
pplication
24 h. For this, every humidifier had to run after 60
Figure 4. Ventilations process was running continuo
l application was followed by applying humidifier one
the whole procedure. This procedure was controlled
r with or without interval along with 2 units of
electrical timer and the changes of humidity wit
oof and side ventilation. Then the four humidifiers were
measured at 5 min interval. The same procedure w
y the optimized humidifying duration to ensure 80 to
replicates. The data from all replicates were analys
y in whole the growing room. Four humidifiers were
profile for humidity with corresponding temperature
min optimized duration as following the five
s to optimize the procedure and environmental
t able to provide optimum humidity and corresponding
perature for mushroom cultivation. Configuration 3

In this procedure, the four humidifiers were config

on 1
dure, the four humidifiers were configured as 15 min
after another without any interval among them and
process for 24 h. For this, every humidifier had to run
eft as in Figure 3. Ventilations process was running
throughout the whole procedure. This procedure was
fixing with electrical timer and the changes of humidity
e measured at 5 min interval. The same procedure
all 4 replicates. The data from all replicates were
d made a profile for humidity with corresponding
running one after another with two 15 min inte
between humidifier 2 (H2) and humidifier 3 (H3) a
was between humidifier 4 (H4) and humidifier 1 (H1
the process for 24 h. For this, every humidifier had
min left as in Figure 5. Ventilations process wa
continuously throughout the whole procedure. This
controlled by fixing with electrical timer and the cha
with time were measured at 5 min interval. The sa
was used in all 4 replicates. The data from all
analysed and made a profile for humidity with
temperature.

Afr. J. Biotechnol.
 See all › See all › See all ›
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2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures

Figure 5. Humidifying configuration 3 for individual application.

Figure 6. Humidifying configuration 4 for individual application.

Figure 7. Humidifying configuration 5 for individual application.

on 4 temperature.

dure, the four humidifiers were configured as 15 min

after another with 15 min interval after each 15 min
rocedure. For this, every humidifier had to run after
as in Figure 6. Ventilations process was running
throughout the whole procedure. This procedure was
fixing with electrical timer and followed 24 h with 4
he changes of humidity and temperature were
5 min interval. The data from all replicates were
made a profile for humidity with corresponding
Configuration 5
In this procedure, the four humidifiers were config
running one after another with 30 min interval aft
humidifying. For this, every humidifier had to run aft
as in Figure 7. Ventilations process was runnin
throughout the whole procedure. This procedure wa
fixing with electrical timer and followed 24 h with 4 r
 See all › See all › See all ›
Download citation Share Download full-text PDF
2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures

Islam et

Figure 8. Side view of indoor mushroom cultivation in optimized condition.

humidity and temperature were measured at 5 min intensity and CO2 level were regularly monitored th
data from all replicates were analysed and made a investigation system. The maximum and minimu
midity with corresponding temperature. temperature and humidity were regularly recorded
during the cultivation.

n optimized procedure
Total yield
ed the configuration procedure, 1200 complete
gs were transferred into the growing room and The total yield was determined by the sum of
shown in Figure 1. The mushroom growing bags were harvested from all flushes throughout the cultiva
mixing saw dust, rice barn and hydrated lime in calculated by the following Equation 1 (Shen and R
rocess. In this treatment, the indoor environment was
aintained by humidifying and continuous ventilation    
e humidifier and ventilation was operated at duration
om optimized results obtained from optimization
ntioned in result section (Optimized Humidifier Statistical analysis
). The four units of humidifier were controlled by fixing
15 min running one after another with 15 min interval Descriptive statistics was applied to determine t
min humidifying process. A light was applied from the minimum, mean, median and standard deviation
roof only for 6 h from 12 to 6 am. Light also tends to using SPSS 17.0.
oor temperature due to heat. So, light was applied from
early morning since that period considered as low
(Wafi et al., 2011) compared than other periods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
, humidity, light intensity and CO2 level of the room
d at every 1 h interval within 24 h and continued to
production of fruit body throughout the cultivation
Optimize humidifying duration
for environmental factor and mushroom yield was
gure 8 showed the side view of indoor cultivation The data from the humidifying process were
duration of humidifying (Min) on the X-ax
 See all › See all › See all › percentages of humidity (%) value on the Y-
on 2and analysis 20 References
Citations 10 Figures 9). Download citation Share Download full-text PDF
For increasing humidity, a graph equation
t factors
as Equation 2 with the correlation coeffic
0.9919 which is acceptable as the value
al factors including temperature, humidity, light Equation.

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

Figure 9. Duration optimization for increasing humidity in indoor controlled environment.

Values are mean of 4 replicates.

Descriptive of humidity and temperature in different ways of humidifier configuration.

of humidifier Humidity Temperature

ration Mean±Std. Dev. Min. Max. Mean ±Std. Dev. Mini.
ed application 87.6±3.7 80.00 94.00 31.1±1.1 29.00
ration 1 93.2±3.7 87.00 99.00 28.1±1.1 26.50
ration 2 92.5±3.3 84.00 97.00 28.3±1.0 27.00
ration 3 90.4±4.8 83.00 97.00 28.4±.98 27.50
ration 4 87.1±3.5 80.00 92.00 28.6±1.02 27.50
ration 5 74.2±8.8 62.00 90.00 30.2±.87 28.50
are mean of 4 replicates.

   2 optimum range. Sarker et al. (2008) repo

the value of humidity (%) and x is the duration
ng (min).
Equation 2, the humidifying duration for 90%
as calculated 28.98 min and for 80% humidity
ated 13.92 min. For increasing from 80 to 90%
e duration of humidifying was 15.06 min. So,
tem, the humidifying procedure for increasing
ad optimized as 15 min for surrounding
Pleurotus species able to grow till 30°C. He
the four units of humidifier were run in toget
but the temperature was higher than optimu
interval period was 45 min. When the hum
running the temperature was start to dec
needed to stop after 15 min to maintain
humidity, after that 45 min needed to wa
humidifier application and the temperature w
since 45 min was long interval period. More
 2
m ) by using single unit of humidifier and two
See all › See all › See all ›
ntinuous roof and20side
2 Citations ventilation.
References 10 Figures
humidifier configuration
figuration of combined application the
humidity 94% was found where the mean was
and the maximum temperature 32.5°C was
e the mean was 31.1±1.1°C (Table 1). In this
on, although the maximum humidity was found
he mean was within the optimum range for
cultivation. On the other hand, the maximum
temperature was found higher than the
2. Overview of environmental factors (temperature, humidity, CO2 and light) during the optimized cultivation of s
ronmental factors Mean
perature (°C) 28.60
dity (%) 87.96
on dioxide (%) 0.035
(lux) 34.53
were found in the configuration of 1, 2 and 3
y where the maximum was 30.5°C and 30.6°C
In these three configurations, the mean
e was within the optimum range for mushroom
but the maximum and mean humidity was too
r than optimum range. Kong (2004) reported
treatus, P. florida, P. sajor-caju reach their
owth at 25 to 30°C temperature. Yang et al.
orted that, during the fruiting period, the
relative humidity can be as high as 85 to 90%.
three configurations (1, 2 and 3), the humidity
d too high since there were without or very
val period within the humidifier application. A
of humidifier was run one after another for 15
t any interval period (Configuration 1), only 15
al between Humidifier 4 and Humidifier 1
ion 2) and 15 min interval Humidifier 2 and
3 and 2nd 15 min interval between Humidifier
midifier 1 (Configuration 3). Among the three
ons, the highest mean value of humidity was
Configuration 1 and the lowest was found in
on 3. So, the mean value of humidity was
decrease with the increasing interval
Deacon (2013) reported that excessive water
y surrounding the environment can cause
vapour was produced within the 15 min a
four units of humidifier in together
Download citation
and after
Share Download full-text PDF
the vapours condensed on the floor within v
because the concentration of vapour inside
high which was mixed to each other and c
small water which is heavier than vapour an
on floor very quickly. So, this study not re
this combined application of humidifier fo
optimum environmental condition during i
cultivation.
The mean value of humidity 93.2±3.7,
90.4±4.8% had found in configuration 1,
respectively where the maximum humidity
97%. The mean temperature 28.1±1.1, 2
Islam et
Std. Dev. Std. Error Minimum Maxi
1.02 0.038 26.00 30
2.26 0.085 80.00 92
0.005 0.0005 0.03 0.
19.003 1.09 5.00 65
The mean 30.2±.87°C temperature was f
configuration 5 which was higher than th
ranges (Table 1). In this configuration th
humidity and high mean temperature were
there was 30 min interval period was followe
15 min humidifying treatment.
Among the configurations, configuration 4
provide optimum environmental condition
ranges of humidity and temperature. So,
configuration 4 was followed in the experim
controlled mushroom cultivation.
Environmental conditions during indoor
The maximum 30.8°C and minimum 26°C
had found throughout the cultivation peri
mean temperature was 28.60±1.02°C whic
the tolerable ranges of mushroom fruiting
The maximum 92% and minimum 80% temp
found throughout the cultivation period wher
humidity was 87.96±2.26 which was within
ranges of mushroom fruiting requirements.
environmental factors including CO2 and
had also found within the optimum range
 ontamination
See all › and
Seepoor
all › quality of mushrooms.
See all ›
udy2had also rejected these three procedures
er configuration to ensure optimum
Citations 20 References 10 Figures
ntal condition during indoor cultivation of
ulmonarius.
guration 4, although the maximum 92%
as found but the mean value was 87.1±3.5%
within the optimum range of mushroom
On the other hand, the maximum 30.80°C
e was found with mean value 28.6±1.02°C
which was also within the optimum range
04; Sarker et al., 2008). Here the mean
nd temperature were within the optimum range
n interval period was followed after every 15
fying treatment.
uration 5, the mean 74.2±8.8% humidity was
h was lower than optimum ranges. Jang et al.
wed that, 80% or more relative humidity is
r the formation of highest cap size and
weight of the P. ostreatus and the cap size and
ness started to decrease at lower than 80%
sed severely at 60% or less relative humidity.
Afr. J. Biotechnol.
Number of Flush
Figure 10. Total yield performance in the optimized cultivation of system.
the indoor mushroom cultivation. It is very well
low temperature and high humidity favoured
om cultivation by many researches. This study
e way of controlling indoor environment for
l mushroom cultivation. The optimized
for humidifying able to maintain optimum
0.035±.005%Download
and 34.53±19.003 lux respe
2). citation Share Download full-text PDF
Total yield
A total of 261.8 kg mushroom was harvest
controlled cultivation System, a fairly good p
mushroom was harvested till 7 flushes with
Bano and Rajarathnam (1982) reported th
temperature and lower humidity had sho
run and longer fruiting period which is also s
observation of Chang and Miles (2004). The
kg mushroom had harvested from the first fl
production started to decrease after first flas
17.3 kg mushroom had collected from the 7t
flash (Figure 10). Although the production w
by increasing flushes but the total productio
maximum similar to other studies (Jiskani
Dundar et al., 2008; Sharma et al., 2013).
Based on the result of current study,
concluded that humidifying and ventila
various environmental conditions in Pleurotus ostrea
31:145-150.
Jiskani MM, Pathan MA, Wagan KH (1999). Yield perf
mushroom Pleurotus florida (strain PK, 401) on diffe
Pak. J. Agric. Eng. Vet. Sci. 15:26-29.
Kong W-S (2004). Descriptions of commercially im
species. Oyster mushroom Cultiv Part II Oyster m
H i tI 54 61
 Heineart Inc. pp. 54-61.
ith See
tolerable
all › temperature
See all › which
Seemay
all › ensure Sarker NC, Hossain MM,citation
Sultana N,Share
Mian IH, Kar Download full-text PDF
ous2 production
Citations of
20 mushroom
References all10
over the years
Figures (2008). Relationship
Download between Nutrient Content in
Economic Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus
dent of weather. Bangladesh J. Mushroom 2:27-33.
Seung Joo Go, Byun MO, You CH, Park YH (198
Pleurotus sajor-caju as Suitable Species for Cul
Interests Summer Climatic Conditions in Korea. Korea J. Myc
Sharma S, Kailash R, Yadav P, Pokhrel CP (2013). Gr
Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) on differe
s have not declared any conflict of interests.
New Biol. Rep. 2:3-8.
Shen Q, Royse D (2001). Effects of nutrient suppleme
efficiency, quality and crop cycle time of maitake (G
S Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 57:74-78.
Subramanian K, Shanmugasundaram K, Muthu N
athnam S (1982). Studies on the cultivation of Pleurotus Production And Cultivation Strategies For Pleuro
Mushroom J. 1:243-246. Oyster Mushroom). World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 3:9
2000). Growing Mushrooms Commercially: Risks and Thepa S, Kirtikara K, Hirunlabh J, Khedari J (1999).
es. University of Idaho, College of Agriculture, conditions of a Thai-style mushroom house by m
e Extension System, Agricultural Experiment Station. evaporative cooler and continuous ventilation. Re
iles PC (2004). Cultivation, Nutritional Value, Medicinal 17:359-369.
Environmental lmpact of Mushrooms. CRC Press, Bora Uddin MN, Yesmin S, Khan MA, Tania M, Moonmo
don, New York, Washington DC. (2011). Production of Oyster Mushrooms in Diffe
Gonzalez Matute R, Figlas D, Delmastro S (2004). Oyster Conditions of Bangladesh. J. Sci. Res. 3:161-167.
cultivation. MushWorld. China. Veena SS, Pandey M (2012). Physiological and cultiva
13). Fungal Biology. 4th Edition. Blackwell publishing, UK. of Trametes versicolor, a medicinal mushroom to
ay H, Yildiz A (2008). Yield performances and nutritional mushroom industry. Indian J. Agric. Sci. 82:672-675
three oyster mushroom species cultivated on wheat stalk. Wafi SR, Ismail MR, Ahmed EM (2011). A Case Study
ol. 7:3497-3501. Factor on Thermal Comfort for Hostel Occupants in
ahim H, Dardak RA (2013). Understanding the mushroom Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia. J. Sustain. Dev
d its marketing strategies for fresh produce in Malaysia. Yang J, Zhao J, Yu H, Wang Y, Wang R, Tang L (2013
nol. Manage. Rev. 8:27-37. Study of the Effects of Temperature and Humid
karia Z, Hamidin N, Ishak MABM (2016). Characteristics of Morphological Development of Pleurotus eryngii
hroom Cultivation of Grey Oyster (Pleurotus pulmonarius) Computer and Computing Technologies in Agricult
nt Stages of Humidifying Treatment. World Appl. Sci. J. pp. 312-323
75.
ne CS, Park JS, Cho SM, Weon HY, Cheong JC, Choi
JM (2003). Characterization of fruitbody morphology on

eferences (20)

e removed from the mouth of the mouth of the bags to facilities the primordia coming out. Then the three Pleurotus
is the same cultivation room by following the optimized humidifying procedure with ventilation method [19] . For this,
er was run for 15 minutes every after 15 minutes interval from 4 different parts with continuous ventilation system

otus species were cultivated is the same cultivation room by following the optimized humidifying procedure with
For this, a single unit of humidifier was run for 15 minutes every after 15 minutes interval from 4 different parts with
system [19] . Thermohygrometer was placed in 6 different parts inside the cultivation room to monitor the temperature

fficiency: The total yield was determined by the sum of total mushroom harvested from all flushes throughout the
alculated by the following eq.2 [19] . ...

n of Oyster Mushroom for the Indoor Controlled Environment in Malaysia and Similar Ecological Region
le

a Zakaria · Nasrul Hamidin · Mohd Azlan Bin Mohd Ishak

e humidifier was controlled by fixing with timer at 25 minutes running followed by 35 minutes interval to retain 80-90%
fyingSee
durations
all › wereSee
optimized
all › by the optimization
See all › procedure (Islam et al., 2016b Islam et al., , 2016c ). The
Download citation Share Download full-text PDF
ity inside the indoor20
2 Citations growing house were10monitored
References Figures and recorded by every hour. ...

onal Components of Pleurotus pulmonarius During the Cultivation in Different Indoor Environmental Conditions

le

a Zakaria · Nasrul Hamidin · Mohd Azlan BinMohd Ishak

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Project 20 References 10 Figures

Formulation of Fish Feed with Optimum Protein-bound Lysine and Methionine for African catfish fingerlings
Muhammad Faiq Abdullah · Rozaini Abdullah · Siti Nurhafa Imra Naqtahnain Hamid · [...] · Siti Jamilah Hanim Mohd Yusof

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Final Year Project
Amirah Idris · ahmad anas nagoor gunny · Alina Rahayu Mohamed · [...] · Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh

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Article Full-text available

BIO-CONVERSION OF Isoberlinia doka. Craib & Stapf AND Anogeissus leiocarpa. (DC) Guill. & Perr. WOOD...
September 2018
Nusirat Sadiku · Muritala · Alaba Bello · Tolalah Omotola Mayaleeke

Sawmills by nature generate a lot of wastes with burning being the major means of disposal. This has constituted a threat to the local
environment and causing emission of green house gases into the atmosphere. Instead burning of these wastes, mushroom cultivation can
harness these waste resources. In this study, comparative analysis of yield, growth and nutritional composition of oyster mushroom ... [Show
full abstract]

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Full-text available 10 Figures

Cultivation of oyster mushroom ( Pleurotus ostrreatus ) on fermented moso bamboo sawdust

April 2018 · Journal of King Saud University - Science

Masahito Yamauchi · Mariko Sakamoto · Masayoshi Yamada · [...] · Fatimah Hafifah Mohd Hanafi

In this study, the potential of Moso bamboo sawdust as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
was investigated. Oyster mushroom was cultivated on 2-months fermented bamboo sawdust (BS) and mixed with rice bran (RB) and sweet
potato schochu lees (SPSL) as additional nutrition. The growth condition, morphological properties, nutritional, mineral ... [Show full abstract]

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Experiment Findings Full-text available

Yield and Proximate Composition of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Sajor - Caju) Cultivated on Different...
July 2018

Tunde Nurudeen

A model scheme for cultivation of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus sajor caju) with commercial viability has been prepared keeping in view the
agro-climatic conditions and other related aspects for successful cultivation of the mushroom and its subsequent marketing. The effect of
different substrates on yield and nutritional values of Pleurotus sajor-caju was investigated in this study. The sawdust of ... [Show full
abstract]

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Article Full-text available

Sistem Pengendalian Suhu dan Kelembaban Kumbung Jamur Tiram secara Realtime Menggunakan Esp8266
January 2019
Arafat Arafat · Desy Ika Puspitasari · Wagino Wagino

Oyster Mushroom is one of the high-value consumption mushrooms. The development of mushroom experienced rapid growth marked by
the increasing number of farmers breeding mushroom is directly proportional to number of mushroom food business. The process of
mushroom cultivation in mushroom’s greenhouse depends on physical factors such as temperature, humidity, light, pH of planting medium,
and air ... [Show full abstract]

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2 Citations 20 References 10 Figures
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