Klein Catalog 1up PDF

Table of ConTenTs
The Vision Behind Klein Steel 1-2 1-2
About Klein Steel 3-8
Processing Capabilities 9 - 14
Services 15 - 18
Structural 19 - 36
Plate 37 - 46
Grating, Flooring & Fiberglass 47 - 64
Sheets 65 - 78
Bar Stock & Alloys 79 - 102
Stainless 103 - 124
Aluminum 125 - 140
Tubing & Pipe 141 - 158
Brass, Bronze, Copper & Cast Iron 159 - 166
Glossary 167 - 170
Reference Material 171 - 242
Index
251
ROCHESTER: 800.477.6789 BUFFALO: 877.449.5059 ALBANY: 877.847.1843
252
T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel
On a day in 1970, a Rochester scrap dealer by the name of Arnold Klein

forgot to lower the arms of his truck’s rear-mounted loader after
making a pickup. As he drove back to the scrap yard, he was surprised
when the arms of his loader banged into the Culver Road railroad bridge.
The resulting damage was minor, but it did require the replacement of a
bent piece of steel channel.
Arnold went to every steel distributor in town, only to discover that there
was no one who could supply him with a 6-inch 18# ship and car
channel. Adding insult to injury, not one of these dealers would take the
time to order the piece for a small junkyard.
From such humble beginnings are great ideas and enterprises born!
Seeing the need for a steel wholesaler that would service customers of all
sizes and needs, Arnold Klein and his brother, Chuck, opened Klein Steel
Service a year later.
From a beginning inventory of only three truckloads stored in a

“warehouse” consisting of three garages, Klein Steel has grown into
four facilities in Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse and Albany, totaling over
360,000 square feet, with world-class, state-of-the-art metal processing
equipment and over 11,000 tons of inventory.
Klein Steel serves over 3,000 customers in New York, Pennsylvania,

Ohio, Massachusetts, Vermont and all over the country.
As Klein Steel has evolved and grown, there has always been one
constant: the goal to provide fast, friendly and dependable service to
every customer, regardless of their size or size of their order. That’s our
history, and completely satisfied customers are our focus.
1
T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel
The late Arnold Klein, founder of Joseph Klein, Chief Executive

Klein Steel Service Inc. Officer of Klein Steel Service Inc.
Joe Klein is Chairman of Klein Steel Service Inc., which has ranked
in the Rochester Top 100 Companies numerous times since 1995. He
has helped grow Klein Steel into the region’s premier metal service
center with six locations throughout New York and customers across the
country. Joe is the founder of North American Steel Alliance, a
co-operative of independent metal service centers in North America. He
was selected as the Rochester Business Person of The Year in 2006 and
has recently been named to the Rochester Business Hall of Fame.
Joe is an outspoken advocate for public education, job growth in New

York State, and laws that support small business. He currently serves
on the boards of the Center for Governmental Research, Jewish Family
Service of Rochester, F.R.E.E. Partnerships, and is Treasurer of the True
North Rochester Prep Charter School. He has also been active with
Frank Fowler Dow School 52 as a P.E.N.C.I.L. partner, collaboration
between local businesses and area schools. Joe holds an undergraduate
degree in Biology from Syracuse University. In May 2011, Joe
graduated from Harvard University with a Masters in education with a
concentration in Education Policy and Management.
2
Klein Steel Service locationS
rocheSter/SyracuSe
Klein Steel Service Inc. Phone: (585) 328-4000

105 Vanguard Parkway (800) 477-6789
Rochester, NY 14606 Fax: (585) 328-0470
buffalo
Klein Steel of Western New York Phone: (716) 826-6060

1050 Military Road (877) 449-5059
Buffalo, NY 14217 Fax: (716) 826-6743
albany
Klein Steel of Albany Phone: (518) 326-3232

PO Box 3713 (877) 847-1843
Albany, NY 12203 Fax: (518) 326-1694
Klein Steel Direct

www.kleinsteeldirect.com
Klein Steel Direct-Rochester Klein Steel Direct-Buffalo Klein Steel Direct-Syracuse

1029 Lyell Avenue 1050 Military Road Salina Industrial Powerpark
Rochester, NY 14606 Buffalo, NY 14217 1 General Motors Drive
Syracuse, NY 13206
Phone: (585) 458-8100 Phone: (716) 825-9331
Fax: (585) 458-9119 Fax: (716) 826-6386 Phone: (315) 454-3165
Fax: (315) 454-3645
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K lein s Teel - r ochesTer K lein s Teel - B uffalo

N
N 290
Exit 22 Lexington Avenue
W E
Military Rd.
Niagara Falls Blvd.

W E Grand Island Blvd. (324)
Mt. Read Boulevard

S
Elmwood Ave
Delaware Ave
S
Vanguard Parkway
Lee Road
390
Kenmore Av
Emerson Street e.
Exit 15
.
190 St
.
.
io
tar Kenmore Ave.
On 90
Lyell Avenue Grant St.

Exit 21 Amherst St.
490 Scajaquada Exp. (198) 33 Exit 51W

Exit 11
d irecTions d irecTions
From the south and east: From the south:
• Exit 390N/490W at Lyell Avenue (Exit 21) • Exit 190N at Scajaquada Expressway/
• Right onto Lyell Avenue 198E (Exit 11)
• Quick left onto Lee Road at the first light • Exit 198E at Grant Street toward
• Right onto Emerson Street Buffalo State College
• Right onto Vanguard Parkway • Left onto Grant Street
• Slight right onto Military Road/265
From the west:
• 490E to 390N From the east:
• Exit 390N at Lexington Avenue (Exit 22) • Exit 90W onto Kensington Expressway/
• Right onto Lexington Avenue 33W toward Buffalo (Exit 51W)
• Right onto Lee Road • Merge onto Scajaquada Expressway/198W
• Left onto Emerson Street • Exit 198W at Grant Street toward
• Right onto Vanguard Parkway Buffalo State College
• Right onto Grant Street
From the north: • Slight right onto Military Road/265
• Exit 390S at Lexington Avenue
(Exit 22) From the north:
• Merge onto Lexington Avenue • Exit 190S at Kenmore Avenue toward
• Right onto Lee Road Sheridan Drive/324 (Exit 15)
• Left onto Emerson Street • Right onto Kenmore Avenue/189
• Right onto Vanguard Parkway • Right onto Grand Island Boulevard/324
• Right onto Military Road/265
4
K lein s Teel T oday & T oMorrow
M eTal wiTh a M ission

Klein Steel strives to be the premier supplier of metals by providing
solutions to meet our partners’ needs. We attract and engage the best
teammates, suppliers, and customers while embracing innovation and
continuous process improvement.
K lein s Teel i nTenT

We will achieve profitable growth by creating value for our stakeholders,
teammates, suppliers and customers.
Success is defined as:

1. living within the framework of our core values;
2. being “best in class” with respect to safety, accuracy, quality, on-time
delivery, and productivity;
3. continuing to build an enduring, team member-eccentric organization;
4. listening to and acting on our stakeholders’ input;
5. implementing a stradegy of geographic expansion;
6. streamlining our processes to be leaner and more effective;
7. and, growing stronger for the success of our stakeholders.
5
KLEIN STEEL VALUES

• ACCOUNTABILITY: We believe in delegation of
responsibilities and taking ownership of our actions.
• CANDOR: We value the positive contributions of every team
member and welcome open and honest discussions of questions
and concerns.
• CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: We move mountains to meet
our commitments—”we do it right the first time”.
• DEPENDABILITY: We are prompt, on time, and keep our
promises.
• DIGNITY AND RESPECT: We honor and take care of one
another.
• DISCIPLINE: “We do the harder right rather than the easier
wrong”.
• INTEGRITY: Integrity is non-negotiable—”we always do the
right thing”.
• SAFETY: Great companies do not have accidents—“no one gets
injured on my shift!”
• SHARING OF INFORMATION: We continually learn and
empower each other with open communication—”who else
needs to know?”
• TEAMWORK: ”the whole is greater than the sum of the parts”.
o ur c ulTure
• We are serious about safety - accidents are not an option
• We are guided by our mission and intent
• We live our core values
• We value initiative and learn from our mistakes
• We share our profits
• We are a team member-centric organization, defined by:
- a shared destiny
- decentralization and empowerment
- high expectations, recognition, and reward for performance
and results
6
K lein S teel t oday & t omorrow
Klein Steel recognizes that its success is directly tied to that of its
customers. We strive to partner with our customers, both large and small,
to reduce our collective costs and improve the system of processing and
distributing metals.
To that end, we have invested in a “Processing Center of Excellence”

with our customers’ needs and core competencies in mind. In addition to
our existing processing capabilities, this state-of-the-art center, including
a 57,000 square foot expansion to our Rochester division, houses two
Bystronic lasers, two Flow International dynamic waterjets, an Okuma
lathe, five plasma tables, KASTO automatic miter saw and bevel cutting.
Such cutting-edge technologies have created exciting new possibilities in
customization from Klein.
On the following pages you will find the capabilities of our processing
centers, each designed to save you time, increase your efficiency and
compliment your processing abilities. It is this dedication that truly
makes us stronger, for your success.
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8
T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :
P rocessing c aPaBiliTies
laSer
• 6 KW Bystronic Bystar 3015 Laser
• 5.2KW Bystronic Bystar 3015 Laser
• Cutting up to 7/8" carbon steel, 3/4" stainless steel and 3/8" aluminum
• Cutting range up to 5' wide x 10' long
• Rotary axis cutting capabilities, allowing us to laser-cut the surface of tubes
waterJet
• 87,000 psi Flow 6024 & 6012 Dynamic Waterjet
Capable of cutting any material up to 6”
Cutting ranges:
6024 - Dual 6’ x 12’ long cutting zones
6012 - Single 6’ x 12’ long cutting zone
• Rotary axis cutting capabilities
Plate burning & PlaSma cutting

• 6 burn tables
• Oxy-Fuel burning up to 8" carbon steel
• Plasma burning up to 1 3/4" stainless steel/carbon and 1” aluminum
• High-Definition and High Performance
9

P rocessing c aPaBiliTies
PlaSma contour bevel Station
• Positive bevel angle of 45°; negative bevel angle of 40°
• Bevel on material up to 1” carbon and stainless steel
Sawing
• 12 saws across New York State
• Flat cutting range up to 42" wide x 21" high
• Round cutting range of 1/4" to 20" diameter
miter cutting
• 2 automatic miter-cut saws
• Cutting range 90° round: 18"
• Cutting range 90° flat: 18" wide x 23" high
• Cutting range -60° round: 11"
• Cutting range -60° flat: 18" wide x 11" high
10
P rocessing c aPabiliTies
Shearing
• 3 shears capable of cutting 26 ga – 1/2" mild steel, 3/8" aluminum
and 1/4" stainless steel
• Cutting range up to 12' wide and 14’ long
Machining center (Drilling, Milling, tapping,

KeyeD ShaftS, etc.)
• Haas GR-712
o 84” x 144” cutting zone
o High torque spindle
o Renishaw electric probing
• Milltronics RH30
o 60” x 30” cutting zone
o 28” Z travel
• Okuma Lathe V80RM

o Working area: 30” diameter, 30” height
o 60 horsepower
o Live tooling
11

K asTo a uToMaTic s Torage & r eTrieVal s ysTeM
Klein Steel maintains the region’s most extensive stock list with our
state-of-the-art KASTO automatic storage and retrieval system. It has a
23 million pound capacity with two storage stacks and 2,350 cassettes.
Each individual cassette accommodates 5-1/2 tons of material up to 26
feet long. All material is tracked by heat number, material type, size,
country of origin, material grade and ID#.
Because Klein Steel’s inventory system is fully incorporated into the

Kasto Storage and Retrieval system, we are able to maintain better than
99% heat traceability. The Kasto area was expanded in 2008 with ad-
ditional space to accommodate 1,700 more cassettes and a fully inte-
grated Kasto automatic sawing system without a further extension to the
warehouse.
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c erTified K lein s Teel
All orders from Klein Steel are held to the highest standard. We have
developed our quality control program, appropriately named Certified
Klein Steel, or CKS, to ensure we consistently “deliver the day” to
completely satisfied customers.
CKS procedures begin well before customers order their materials, with
our purchasing and receiving departments. We partner with world-class
mills and metal providers to accept only top quality prime material
into our inventory.
When customers order their materials, we ensure our salespeople will be

knowledgeable, friendly and able to assist in any way. We pride ourselves
in knowing our product and processing capabilities. Furthermore, we
realize the importance of turning quotes around quickly.
Following the placement of an order, a series of checks and balances

ensure materials are processed to exact specifications. This includes
precise tolerances and finishing requirements. Finally, CKS encompasses
the proper marking, packaging, and delivery of orders, on time, the way
we would expect to receive it ourselves.
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14
Cert to Web Access Capabilities
Customers have access to an online database that provides the ability to
review, print and save any of their Mill Test Reports (MTR’s) of their
shipped material using their Purchase Order, Work Order or Invoice.
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)

The Klein Steel Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Program for
Strategic Partners builds new business models that focus on supply
chain systems and processes, rather than traditional price commodity
purchasing. Our proven CPI program dramatically reduces costs and
increases productivity for our Strategic Partners, which better positions
them to compete in the global economy. The end result is increased business
opportunities for both the Strategic Partner and Klein Steel.
Engineering Services:
• Education and Process Improvement (CPI, tours, machine capabilities)
• Lead Time Estimation (How long does it take to make the part?)
• Outside the box thinking about customer’s parts and processes
• Part Design (Help with customer’s ideas)
• Process Selection (What processing machine is needed to make the part?)
Kanban:
A scheduling system associated with LEAN production with specific
customer requirements. The concept identifies what, when and how much to
produce a certain product for the customer. A customer’s purchasing history
and quantity information is needed in order to establish a Kanban.
Kitting:
The bringing together of different multiple parts that come from multiple
processes within the Manufacturing warehouse. Kitting is similar to a Bill of
Material with a list of random parts. We can provide all different pieces in
the quantities you requested in one bucket/skid.
LEAN
A production method based on increasing efficiency, optimizing the flow of
production and eliminating waste.
Vendor Management Inventory (VMI):
An agreement between Klein and the customer to maintain the customers’
inventory levels within our warehouse. The manufacturer has access to
the distributor’s inventory data and is responsible for generating purchase
orders.
15
creDit
1/2% 10 Days Net 30 Days. The discount does not apply to tax or freight
and does not apply to payments made with a credit card. We accept
Master Card, Visa, American Express and Discover. We do not accept
third party or starter checks. Interest may be charged and/or orders held
on all past due accounts. There is a $25.00 returned check fee.
16
Klein Steel Service inc.
return Policy
Klein Steel Service Inc. is commited to ensuring you receive a quality on
time product. If we make an error with your order, we will work to make
it right, quickly and in the most customer conscience way possible. To
initiate a return request:
• Contact your Inside Sales Team Member either by phone or email
within 15 business days of delivery of the material. If you do not
know the name or contact information for your Inside Sales Team
Member, phone 585-328-4000 and you will be directed to the
proper person.
When you place an order with us, please ensure that the sizes, quantities,
materials, packing and shipping requirements are correct. In addition,
please retain your order confirmation for your records until your order is
properly received at your facility.
If you ordered the wrong material, we understand - we will work with
you to return the material and help you decide on the best replacement
material for your needs:
• Stock Material can be returned if it is in original condition. In this
case, the standard Klein Steel Restock Fee will be incurred and your
account will be adjusted appropriately.
• Non Stock Material will be evaluated on a case by case basis. If
the material can be returned, a special Klein Steel Vendor Restock
Fee will be added to the standard Klein Steel Restock Fee and your
account will be adjusted appropriately.
• Processed Material that has been processed correctly cannot be
returned; call us anyway - we want to know and may be able to
assist you in correcting the problem.
If we made a mistake, we will work quickly to correct the error:
• We will identify the problem and expedite the correct material to
you.
• We will remove the non-conforming material from your facility in
a timely manner.
• We will adjust your account appropriately.
All requests for return of material must be initiated within 15 business days of
delivery of material.
17
18
Structural Quality Steel
A36
The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabri-
cation. It is often used for bolted, riveted and welded applications.
A709 (Grade 36)
A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted or riveted
construction of bridges and buildings. Most material is certified to bridge
specification.
Structural Steel Alloy

A992
A structural steel alloy used as the industry standard for all structural
wide-flange beams (previously known as I-beams). This is the preferred
material specification for wide-flange shapes having replaced ASTM A36
and A572 grade 50. Material ductility is well defined and weldability is
improved.
High Strength Low Allow (HSLA)

A 572 (Grade 50)
A commonly used high strength, low alloy steel that allows for reduced
section thickness and weight in fabrication. It is weldable and moderately
formable.
A709 (Grade 50)

It is an alloy steel and thus tougher to machine than ordinary plain carbon
steel. Machinability of Grade 50 steel is fair. Grade 50 behaves similar to
AISI 8615 alloy steel in regard to machining.
Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel)

A588
Initially corrodes when exposed to atmospheric elements, creating a pro-
tective layer against further oxidation. It is high strength, weldable and
formable, and particularly useful when lighter weight and high durabil-
ity are needed. Please note, A588 is not recommended for applications
exposed to salt water or salt air.
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Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
A - Flange Length 1 (in.)
A B - Flange Length 2 (in.)
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
bar Size angle 20 ft. stock lengths

ASTM A36 • Tensile Strength: 58 ksi • Yield Point: 36 ksi min.
(A) Flange x (B) Flange x (C) Thickness Weight per ft.
(in. x in. x in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8 .38
5/8 x 5/8 x 1/8 .48
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8 .59
1 x 3/4 x 1/8 .70
1 x 1 x 1/8 .80
1 x 1 x 3/16 1.16
1 x 1 x 1/4 1.49
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 1.01
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 3/16 1.48
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/4 1.92
1-3/8 x 7/8 x 1/8 .91
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 1.23
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 1.80
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 2.34
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/8 3.35
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/8 1.44
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 3/16 2.12
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/4 2.77
20
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
bar Size angle 20 ft. stock lengths

2 x 1-1/4 x 3/16 1.96
2 x 1-1/4 x 1/4 2.55
2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 2.12
2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 2.77
2 x 2 x 1/8 1.65
2 x 2 x 3/16 2.44
2 x 2 x 1/4 3.20
2 x 2 x 5/16 3.92
2 x 2 x 3/8 4.70
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 2.44
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 3.20
2-1/2 x 2 x 3/16 2.75
2-1/2 x 2 x 1/4 3.62
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16 3.07
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4 4.10
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 5/16 5.00
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/8 5.90
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/2 7.70
21
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
Structural angle 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

3 x 2 x 3/16 3.10
3 x 2 x 1/4 4.10
3 x 2 x 5/16 5.00
3 x 2 x 3/8 5.90
3 x 2 x 1/2 7.70
3 x 2-1/2 x 1/4 4.50
3 x 2-1/2 x 5/16 5.60
3 x 2-1/2 x 3/8 6.60
3 x 2-1/2 x 1/2 8.50
3 x 3 x 3/16 3.71
3 x 3 x 1/4 4.90
3 x 3 x 5/16 6.10
3 x 3 x 3/8 7.20
3 x 3 x 1/2 9.40
3-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4 4.90
3-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/8 7.20
3-1/2 x 3 x 1/4 5.40
3-1/2 x 3 x 5/16 6.60
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/4 5.80
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 7.20
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 8.50
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 1/2 11.10
4 x 3 x 1/4 5.80
22
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B

4 x 3 x 5/16 7.20
4 x 3 x 3/8 8.50
4 x 3 x 1/2 11.10
4 x 3-1/2 x 1/4 6.20
4 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 ** 7.70
4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 9.10
4 x 4 x 1/4 6.60
4 x 4 x 5/16 8.20
4 x 4 x 3/8 9.80
4 x 4 x 1/2 12.80
4 x 4 x 3/4 18.50
5 x 3 x 1/4 6.60
5 x 3 x 5/16 8.20
5 x 3 x 3/8 9.80
5 x 3 x 1/2 12.80
5 x 3-1/2 x 1/4 7.00
5 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 ** 8.70
5 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 10.40
5 x 3-1/2 x 1/2 13.60
5 x 5 x 5/16 10.30
5 x 5 x 3/8 12.30
5 x 5 x 1/2 16.20
** Lentel Angles
23
Steel angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
5 x 5 x 5/8 20.00
5 x 5 x 3/4 23.60
6 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 ** 9.80
6 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 11.70
6 x 3-1/2 x 1/2 15.30
6 x 4 x 5/16 10.30
6 x 4 x 3/8 12.30
6 x 4 x 1/2 16.20
6 x 4 x 3/4 23.60
6 x 6 x 3/8 14.90
6 x 6 x 1/2 19.60
7 x 4 x 3/8 13.60
7 x 4 x 1/2 17.90
8 x 4 x 1/2 19.60
8 x 4 x 3/4 28.70
8 x 4 x 1 37.40
8 x 6 x 1/2 23.00
8 x 6 x 3/4 33.80
8 x 8 x 1/2 26.40
8 x 8 x 3/4 38.90
8 x 8 x 1 51.00
9 x 4 x 1/2* 22.90
* Cut from channel; not a rolled section.
** Lentel Angles
24
galvanizeD angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
galvanizeD angle 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

1 x 1 x 1/8 .88
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 1.35
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 1.95
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 2.56
2 x 2 x 1/8 1.82
2 x 2 x 3/16 2.68
2 x 2 x 1/4 3.52
2 x 2 x 3/8 5.17
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 3/16 3.38
3 x 3 x 1/4 5.39
3 x 3 x 3/8 7.92
3-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 7.92
4 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 8.47
4 x 3-1/2 x 3/8 10.01
4 x 4 x 1/4 7.00
4 x 4 x 3/8 10.75
5 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 9.57
5 x 5 x 3/8 13.53
6 x 3-1/2 x 5/16 10.78
6 x 4 x 3/8 13.53
6 x 6 x 3/8 16.39
7 x 4 x 3/8 14.96
25
Steel wiDe flange beam

C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
B - Web Thickness (in.)
A C - Flange Width (in.)
D - Flange Thickness (in.)
D
B
Steel wiDe flange beam 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

ASTM A572/992 Grade 50 • Tensile Strength: 50-65 ksi • Yield Point: 65 min.
(A) Depth in (B) Web (C) Flange (D) Flange

Beam Sizes inches thickness (in.) width (in.) thickness (in.)
4 x 13# 4.160 .280 4.060 0.345
5 x 16# 5.010 .240 5.000 0.360
5 x 19# 5.150 .270 5.030 0.430
6 x 9# 5.900 .170 3.940 0.215
6 x 12# 6.030 .230 4.000 0.280
6 x 15# 5.990 .230 5.990 0.260
6 x 16# 6.280 .260 4.030 0.405
6 x 20# 6.200 .260 6.020 0.365
6 x 25# 6.380 .320 6.080 0.455
8 x 10# 7.890 .170 3.940 0.205
8 x 13# 7.990 .230 4.000 0.255
8 x 15# 8.110 .245 4.015 0.315
8 x 18# 8.140 .230 5.250 0.330
8 x 21# 8.280 .250 5.270 0.400
8 x 24# 7.930 .245 6.495 0.400
8 x 28# 8.060 .285 6.535 0.400
8 x 31# 8.000 .285 7.995 0.435
8 x 35# 8.120 .310 8.020 0.495
8 x 40# 8.250 .360 8.070 0.560
8 x 48# 8.500 .400 8.110 0.685
26
C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
D
B


10 x 12# 9.870 .190 3.960 .210
10 x 15# 9.990 .230 4.000 .270
10 x 19# 10.240 .250 4.020 .395
10 x 22# 10.170 .240 5.750 .360
10 x 26# 10.330 .260 5.770 .440
10 x 30# 10.470 .300 5.810 .510
10 x 33# 9.730 .290 7.960 .435
10 x 39# 9.920 .315 7.985 .530
10 x 45# 10.100 .350 8.020 .620
10 x 49# 9.980 .340 10.000 .560
10 x 60# 10.220 .420 10.080 .680
12 x 14# 11.910 .200 3.970 .225
12 x 16# 11.990 .220 3.990 .265
12 x 19# 12.160 .235 4.005 .350
12 x 22# 12.310 .260 4.030 .425
12 x 26# 12.220 .230 6.490 .380
12 x 30# 12.340 .260 6.520 .440
12 x 35# 12.500 .300 6.560 .520
27

C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
D
B


12 x 40# 11.940 .295 8.005 .515
12 x 50# 12.190 .370 8.080 .640
12 x 58# 12.190 .360 10.010 .640
12 x 65# 12.120 .390 12.000 .605
14 x 22# 13.740 .230 5.000 .335
14 x 26# 13.910 .255 5.025 .420
14 x 30# 13.840 .270 6.730 .385
14 x 34# 13.980 .285 6.745 .455
14 x 43# 13.660 .305 7.995 .530
14 x 48# 13.790 .340 8.030 .595
16 x 26# 15.690 .250 5.500 .345
16 x 31# 15.880 .275 5.525 .440
16 x 36# 15.860 .295 6.985 .430
16 x 40# 16.010 .305 6.995 .505
18 x 35# 17.700 .300 6.000 .425
18 x 40# 17.900 .315 6.015 .525
18 x 50# 17.990 .355 7.495 .570
21 x 44# 20.660 .350 6.500 .450
24 x 55# 23.570 .395 7.005 .505
28
Steel StanDarD beam (i beam)
C
Beam Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
D
B
Steel StanDarD beam (i beam) 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(B) Web (C) Flange (D) Flange
(A) Depth in Inches thickness (in.) width (in.) thickness (in.)
3 x 5.7# .170 2.330 .260
3 x 7.5# .349 2.509 .260
4 x 7.7# .193 2.663 .293
4 x 9.5# .326 2.796 .293
5 x 10.0# .214 3.004 .326
6 x 12.5# .232 3.332 .359
6 x 17.25# .465 3.565 .359
8 x 18.4# .271 4.001 .425
8 x 23.0# .441 4.171 .425
10 x 25.4# .311 4.661 .491
10 x 35.0# .594 4.944 .491
12 x 31.8# .350 5.000 .544
15 x 42.9# .411 5.501 .622
29
Steel channel
B Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
bar Size channel 20 ft. stock lengths

(A) Depth x (C) Flange width x (B) Web thickness Weight per ft.
1 x 1/2 x 1/8 .84
1-1/4 x 1/2 x 1/8 1.01
1-1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8 1.12
1-1/2 x 3/4 x 1/8 1.17
2 x 1/2 x 1/8 1.43
2 x 5/8 x 1/4 2.28
2 x 1 x 1/8 1.59
2 x 1 x 3/16 2.32
2-1/2 x 5/8 x 3/16 2.27
StanDarD Size channel 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(A) Depth x Weight (B)Web (C) Flange width

per ft. (in. x lb./ft.) thickness (in.) (in.)
3 x 4.1# .170 1.410
3 x 5.0# .258 1.498
3 x 6.0# .356 1.596
4 x 5.4# .184 1.584
4 x 6.25# .247 1.647
4 x 7.25# .321 1.721
5 x 6.7# .190 1.750
5 x 9.0# .325 1.885
30
Steel channel
B
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
A
C - Flange Width (in.)
StanDarD Size channel 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(A) Depth x Weight (B) Web (C) Flange width (in.)

per ft. (in. x lb./ft.) thickness (in.)
6 x 8.2# .200 1.920
6 x 10.5# .314 2.034
6 x 13.0# .437 2.157
7 x 9.8# .210 2.090
7 x 12.25# .314 2.194
7 x 14.75# .419 2.299
8 x 11.5# .220 2.260
8 x 13.75# .303 2.343
8 x 18.75# .487 2.527
9 x 13.4# .233 2.433
9 x 20.0# .448 2.648
10 x 15.3# .240 2.600
10 x 20.0# .379 2.739
10 x 25.0# .526 2.886
10 x 30.0# .673 3.033
12 x 20.7# .282 2.942
12 x 25.0# .387 3.047
12 x 30.0# .510 3.170
15 x 33.9# .400 3.400
15 x 40.0# .520 3.520
15 x 50.0# .716 3.716
31
galvanizeD channel
B
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
C - Flange Width (in.)
A
galvanizeD channel 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(A) Depth x Weight (B) Web (C) Flange (D) Weight per ft.
per ft. (in. x lb./ft.) thickness (in.) width (in.) (lb./ft.)
3 x 4.1# .170 1.410 4.51
4 x 5.4# .184 1.584 5.94
4 x 6.25# .247 1.647 7.95
6 x 8.2# .200 1.920 9.02
6 x 10.5# .314 2.034 11.53
8 x 11.5# .220 2.260 12.65
8 x 13.75# .303 2.343 15.12
8 x 18.75# .487 2.527 18.75
10 x 15.3# .240 2.600 17.00
10 x 20.0# .379 2.739 20.00
12 x 25.0# .387 3.047 25.00
Galvanized structural channel is available upon request.
32
B Steel channel
Channel Dimensions:
A A - Depth (in.)
C C - Flange Width (in.)
Junior channel 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(A) Depth x Weight per ft. (B) Web thickness (C) Flange width
(in. x lb./ft.) (in.) (in.)
8 x 8.5# .180 1.875
10 x 8.4# .170 1.500
12 x 10.6# .190 1.500
ShiP & car channel 20 & 40 ft. stock lengths

(A) Depth x Weight per ft. (B) Web thickness (C) Flange width
(in. x lb./ft.) (in.) (in.)
3 x 7.1# .312 1.938
4 x 13.8# .500 2.500
6 x 12.0# .310 2.497
6 x 15.3# .340 3.500
6 x 16.3# .375 3.000
6 x 18.0# .379 3.504
7 x 19.1# .352 3.452
7 x 22.7# .503 3.603
8 x 18.7# .353 2.978
8 x 20.0# .400 3.025
8 x 22.8# .427 3.502
10 x 22 .290 3.315
10 x 28.5 .425 3.95
10 x 33.6 .575 4.10
12 x 31.0# .370 3.670
12 x 35.0# .467 3.767
13 x 31.8# .375 4.000
13 x 50.0# .787 4.412
18 x 45.8# .450 3.950
33
Steel tee bar

A
Tee Bar Dimensions:
A - Flange (in.)
B - Web (in.)
B C - Web Thickness (in.)
Steel tee bar 20 ft. stock lengths

(A) Flange x (B) Web x (C) Web thickness Weight per ft.
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8 .70
1 x 1 x 1/8 .85
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 1.09
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 1.90
2 x 2 x 1/4 3.62
molDeD hanDrail
Handrail Dimensions:
A A - 1.6875"
B - 0.4668"
C - 0.1856"
B D - 0.5469"
D C E - 1.0625"
E
molDeD hanDrail 20 ft. stock lengths
Designation Weight
(lb./ft.)
per ft. Will fit:
#1.24 1.24 1/2" square and 1" square
34
rebar - graDe 60 20 ft. stock lengths
Bar # Diameter Weight per ft.
(in.) (lb./ft.)
#3* .375 .376
#4 .500 .668
#5 .625 1.043
#6 .750 1.502
#7 .875 2.044
#8 1.000 2.670
#11 1.375 5.310
* Stocked in Grade 40 only.
welDeD wire meSh 60 x 120 sheet size
Designation Weight per sq. ft.

(lb./ft.2)
6 x 6 - 10/10 (W1.4/1.4) .21
6 x 6 - 6/6 (W2.9/2.9) .42
35
36
Structural Quality Steel
A36
The most common steel grade for general structural applications and
fabrication. It is often used for bolted, riveted and welded
applications.
A709 Grade 36
A structural quality carbon steel for use in welded, bolted or riveted
construction of bridges and buildings. Most material is certified to bridge
specification.
Abrasive Resistant Steel

AR235
An economical option for applications requiring longer lasting
material than hot rolled carbon steel. Offers smooth-sliding
abrasion resistance for the handling of grains, cement, sand and gravel. It
is machinable, drillable, punchable and moderately
formable.
AR360
Has higher hardness than AR235 to withstand abrasive sliding and
moderate impact. Applications often include material handling buckets,
chutes, hoppers and conveyors. It is machinable, drillable, punchable and
moderately formable.
AR400
A high strength steel with high resistance to sliding and impact abrasion.
It is a moderate cost option for mining and abrasive material handling. It
has greater formability than AR360, with the same hardness.
AR500
Offers the highest strength and through-hardness of the abrasive resistant
steels, allowing for very high abrasion and impact resistance. It is a long-
lasting option for liners in material handling and mining applications.
37
c arBon P laTe P roPerTies & a PPlicaTions
High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA)

A572 (Grade 50)
A commonly used high strength, low alloy steel that allows for
reduced section thickness and weight in fabrication. It is weldable
and moderately formable.
A709 Grade 50
It is an alloy steel and thus tougher to machine than ordinary plain carbon
steel. Machinability of Grade 50 steel is fair. Grade 50 behaves similar
to AISI 8615 alloy steel in regard to machining.
Corrosion Resistant (Weathering Steel)

A588
Initially corrodes when exposed to atmospheric elements,
creating a protective layer against further oxidation. It is high
strength, weldable and formable, and particularly useful when
lighter weight and high durability are needed. Please note, A588 is
not recommended for applications exposed to salt water or salt air.
Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ)

A516 (Grade 70)
Manufactured to strict specifications to endure high pressures and
improve notch toughness. It is weldable and fine-grained to
withstand extreme temperatures.
Diamond Tread Plate

A786 Diamond Plate
Diamond tread plate is designed with 4-way raised lugs, providing
traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring
in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water. It
is also available in stainless steel and aluminum.
38
hot rolleD Plate
ASTM A36 • Tensile Strength: 58/80 ksi* • Yield Point: 36 ksi min.
Thickness Width x Length Weight per sq. ft.
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/16 24 x 48 7.66
3/16 36 x 96 7.66
3/16 48 x 48 7.66
3/16 48 x 96 7.66
3/16 48 x 120 7.66
3/16 60 x 96 7.66
3/16 60 x 120 7.66
3/16 60 x 144 7.66
3/16 72 x 120 7.66
3/16 72 x 240 7.66
3/16 96 x 240 7.66
1/4 24 x 48 10.21
1/4 36 x 96 10.21
1/4 36 x 120 10.21
1/4 48 x 48 10.21
1/4 48 x 96 10.21
1/4 48 x 120 10.21
1/4 48 x 144 10.21
1/4 60 x 96 10.21
1/4 60 x 120 10.21
1/4 72 x 120 10.21
1/4 72 x 144 10.21
1/4 72 x 240 10.21
1/4 96 x 240 10.21
5/16 48 x 96 12.76
5/16 48 x 120 12.76
5/16 60 x 120 12.76
5/16 96 x 240 12.76
3/8 24 x 48 15.32
3/8 36 x 96 15.32
* Depending on thickness of material.
39
hot rolleD Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft2)
3/8 48 x 48 15.32
3/8 48 x 96 15.32
3/8 48 x 120 15.32
3/8 60 x 96 15.32
3/8 60 x 120 15.32
3/8 72 x 120 15.32
3/8 72 x 240 15.32
3/8 96 x 240 15.32
7/16 48 x 96 17.85
7/16 96 x 240 17.85
1/2 24 x 48 20.42
1/2 48 x 48 20.42
1/2 48 x 96 20.42
1/2 48 x 120 20.42
1/2 60 x 120 20.42
1/2 72 x 120 20.42
1/2 72 x 240 20.42
1/2 96 x 240 20.42
1/2 120 x 240 20.42
5/8 48 x 48 25.53
5/8 48 x 96 25.53
5/8 48 x 120 25.53
5/8 60 x 120 25.53
5/8 72 x 120 25.53
5/8 96 x 240 25.53
5/8 120 x 240 25.53
3/4 48 x 48 30.63
3/4 48 x 96 30.63
3/4 48 x 120 30.63
40
hot rolleD Plate
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/4 60 x 120 30.63
3/4 72 x 120 30.63
3/4 96 x 240 30.63
3/4 120 x 240 30.63
7/8 48 x 96 35.74
7/8 96 x 240 35.74
1 48 x 48 40.84
1 48 x 96 40.84
1 48 x 120 40.84
1 60 x 120 40.84
1 96 x 240 40.84
1 120 x 240 40.84
1-1/8 48 x 96 45.95
1-1/8 96 x 240 45.95
1-1/4 48 x 48 51.05
1-1/4 48 x 96 51.05
1-1/4 96 x 240 51.05
1-3/8 48 x 96 56.16
1-3/8 96 x 240 56.16
1-1/2 48 x 48 61.26
1-1/2 48 x 96 61.26
1-1/2 96 x 240 61.26
1-5/8 48 x 96 66.37
1-5/8 96 x 240 66.37
1-3/4 96 x 240 71.47
1-7/8 96 x 240 76.58
2 48 x 96 81.68
2 96 x 240 81.68
2-1/4 96 x 240 91.89
2-1/2 48 x 120 102.10
41
hot rolleD Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
2-1/2 60 x 120 102.10
2-1/2 96 x 240 102.10
2-3/4 48 x 96 112.30
2-3/4 96 x 240 112.30
3 60 x 120 122.50
3 96 x 240 122.50
3-1/2 48 x 96 142.90
3-1/2 96 x 240 142.90
4 48 x 96 163.40
4 60 x 120 163.40
4 96 x 240 163.40
5 48 x 96 204.20
5 96 x 240 204.20
6 48 x 96 245.00
6 96 x 240 245.00
8 48 x 96 326.70
8 96 x 240 326.70
hot rolleD PicKleD & oileD Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/16 48 x 96 7.66
1/4 48 x 120 10.21
1/4 48 x 144 10.21
3/8 48 x 120 15.32
3/8 60 x 120 15.32
1/2 48 x 120 20.42
42
abraSive reSiStant Plate
ar235 • Brinnell Hardness: 200/250 AR400 • Brinnell Hardness: 400 nominal
AR360 • Brinnell Hardness: 360 min. AR500 • Brinnell Hardness: 500 nominal
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/16 48 x 96 7.66
3/16 96 x 288 7.66
1/4 48 x 96 10.35
1/4 96 x 288 10.35
3/8 48 x 96 15.32
3/8 96 x 288 15.32
1/2 48 x 96 20.42
1/2 96 x 288 20.42
3/4 48 x 96 30.63
3/4 96 x 240 30.63
1 48 x 96 40.84
* Also stock in formable grade.
high Strength low alloy (hSla) Plate

corroSion reSiStant Plate
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/16 96 x 240 7.66
1/4 96 x 240 10.21
3/8 96 x 240 15.32
1/2 96 x 240 20.42
5/8 96 x 240 25.53
3/4 96 x 240 30.63
7/8 96 x 240 35.74
1 96 x 240 40.84
1-1/4 96 x 240 51.05
1-1/2 96 x 240 61.26
1-5/8 96 x 240 66.37
1-3/4 96 x 240 71.47
2 96 x 240 81.68
We will custom cut to your required size.
43
PreSSure veSSel Quality (PvQ) Plate graDe 70

ASTM A516 • Tensile Strength: 70/90 ksi • Yield Point: 38 ksi min.
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/4 96 x 240 10.21
5/16 96 x 240 12.76
3/8 96 x 240 15.32
1/2 96 x 240 20.42
5/8 96 x 240 25.53
3/4 96 x 240 30.63
7/8 96 x 240 35.73
1 96 x 240 40.84
1-1/8 96 x 240 45.95
1-1/4 96 x 240 51.05
1-3/8 96 x 240 56.16
1-1/2 96 x 240 61.26
1-3/4 96 x 240 71.47
2 96 x 240 81.68
2-1/2 96 x 240 102.10
3 96 x 240 122.50
We will custom cut to your required size.
44
DiamonD treaD Plate
Steel DiamonD treaD Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
14 ga. 48 x 120 3.75
12 ga. 48 x 120 5.25
1/8 48 x 96 6.16
1/8 48 x 120 6.16
1/8 60 x 120 6.16
3/16 48 x 96 8.71
3/16 HRPO 48 x 96 8.71
3/16 48 x 120 8.71
3/16 60 x 120 8.71
3/16 72 x 120 8.71
3/16 72 x 144 8.71
3/16 96 x 240 8.71
1/4 48 x 96 11.26
1/4 48 x 120 11.26
1/4 48 x 144 11.26
1/4 60 x 120 11.26
1/4 72 x 120 11.26
1/4 96 x 240 11.26
Please see page 114 for T304 stainless diamond tread plate and page 133 for
6061 and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate.
45
Steel DiamonD treaD Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/8 48 x 96 16.37
3/8 48 x 120 16.37
3/8 48 x 144 16.37
3/8 60 x 120 16.37
3/8 96 x 240 16.37
1/2 48 x 96 21.47
1/2 48 x 120 21.47
1/2 96 x 240 21.47
3/4 96 x 240 31.68
1 96 x 240 41.82
Please see page 114 for T304 stainless diamond tread plate and page 143 for
6061 and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate.
46
Factors to consider When ordering grating
1. Type of Grating 4. Finish

_________________________ _________________________
(welded, riveted I-bar or pressure lock) (Painted black*, galvanized or bare)
* Please note “painted black” refers to

a protective coating applied for transport and
2. Bearing Bars should not be considered a finish coat.
_________________________
(width & thickness)
5. Banded Trim or Structural

Spacing
_________________________
_________________________
(center to center)
Surface 6. Span
_________________________ _________________________
(smooth or serrated) (direction of bearing bar run –
measure opening of area allowing
for 1/4" clearance)
3. Cross Bars
_________________________ 7. Width
(twisted, smooth rod or flat)
_________________________
Size
_________________________ 8. Material
(diameter for round bar or width &
thickness for flat bar) _________________________
(carbon, aluminum, stainless
or fiberglass)
Spacing
_________________________
(center to center)
Line-up
_________________________
(cross bars in line with one another or
random from panel to panel)
47
Welded Bar GratinG

19W4 15W2
4" A 2" 2" A
13/16" B 15/16" B
a - BearinG Bar B - Cross Bar a - BearinG Bar B - Cross Bar

A B A B
We stock welded steel bar grating, a cost-efficient and easy to install option.
The bearing bars are resistance welded to the cross bars, creating a one-piece
constructed panel. It provides a rigid and flat walking surface, most often used
for walkways, platforms, drainage covers and ventilation grates. Serrated bar
grating is available for additional slip resistance in environments requiring
secure footing.
Bar grating is available in carbon steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Those
products denoted “painted black” have a protective coating applied for transport,
which should not be considered a complete finish coat.
In partnership with our vendors, we will help you with the design details of your
project.
48
Welded Bar GratinG
19W4 Painted BlaCk*
Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Panel size (in. x in.) Weight
per sq. ft.
Thickness x Depth Width x Length (lb./ft.2)
1/8 x 1 24 x 240 5.00
1/8 x 1 36 x 240 5.00
1/8 x 1 36 x 288 5.00
1/8 x 1-1/4 24 x 240 6.00
1/8 x 1-1/4 36 x 240 6.00
1/8 x 1-1/2 24 x 288 7.10
1/8 x 1-1/2 36 x 240 7.10
3/16 x 3/4 36 x 240 5.15
3/16 x 3/4 36 x 288 5.15
3/16 x 1 24 x 240 7.10
3/16 x 1 24 x 288 7.10
3/16 x 1 36 x 240 7.10
3/16 x 1 36 x 288 7.10
3/16 x 1-1/4 24 x 240 8.70
3/16 x 1-1/4 24 x 288 8.70
3/16 x 1-1/4 36 x 240 8.70
3/16 x 1-1/4 36 x 288 8.70
3/16 x 1-1/2 24 x 288 10.30
3/16 x 1-1/2 36 x 240 10.30
3/16 x 1-1/2 36 x 288 10.30
3/16 x 2 36 x 240 13.80
1/4 x 1 24 x 240 9.20
1/4 x 1 36 x 240 9.20
1/4 x 1-1/4 36 x 240 11.40
1/4 x 1-1/2 36 x 240 13.50
1/4 x 1-1/2 36 x 288 13.50
* Please note “painted black” refers to a protective coating applied for transport and
should not be considered a finish coat.
49
Welded Bar GratinG

19W4 15W2
4" A 2" 2" A
13/16" B 15/16" B
15W2 Painted BlaCk*

per sq. ft.
3/16 x 1 36 x 288 9.19
3/16 x 1-1/4 36 x 288 11.10
serrated 19W4 Painted BlaCk*

per sq. ft.
3/16 x 1 36 x 288 5.15
3/16 x 1-1/4 36 x 288 5.15
19W4 UnPainted
per sq. ft.
3/16 x 1 36 x 288 7.10
3/16 x 1-1/4 36 x 288 8.70
3/16 x 1-1/2 36 x 288 10.30
1 in. and 1-1/2 in. stainless steel saddle clips are

available for anchoring bar grating.
* Please note “painted black” refers to a protective coating applied for transport and should not
be considered a finish coat.
50
Welded Bar GratinG
19W4 15W2
4" A 2" 2" A
13/16" B 15/16" B
19W4 Galvanized
per sq. ft.
1/8 x 1-1/4 24 x 240 6.30
1/8 x 1-1/4 36 x 240 6.30
1/8 x 1-1/2 24 x 240 7.40
1/8 x 1-1/2 36 x 240 7.40
3/16 x 1 24 x 240 7.45
3/16 x 1 36 x 240 7.45
3/16 x 1-1/4 24 x 240 9.14
3/16 x 1-1/4 36 x 240 9.14
3/16 x 1-1/2 36 x 240 10.82
3/16 x 1-1/2 36 x 288 10.82
stainless Welded Bar GratinG

19W4 stainless t304
per sq. ft.
3/16 x 1 36 x 288 7.10
51
Bar GratinG stair treads
We stock welded steel stair treads, widely

used in industrial and commercial
applications for their strength and ease
of installation. They have steel checker
plate nosing, providing added strength
and a visible edge for safety. They are
a self-cleaning, skid-resistant and
economical choice.
19W4 Painted BlaCk & 19W4 Galvanized

Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Tread Size (in. x in.)
Thickness x Depth Width x Length
3/16 x 1 9-3/4 x 24
3/16 x 1 9-3/4 x 30
3/16 x 1 9-3/4 x 36
3/16 x 1-1/4 9-3/4 x 44
52
diamond GriP GratinG
Features and benefits include:
• Serrated edges around diamond

shaped openings provide slip
resistance under all conditions.
• Rounded corners reduce the

possibility of stress cracks across • Self-cleaning due to the resilience
saddles or at the side of channels of the walking surface.
under various loading conditions.
• Light weight design provides for
• Pre-galvanized for corrosion a high strength-to-weight ratio.
resistance and protection from
atmospheric elements.
steel diamond GriP GratinG* 12 ft. stock lengths

Weight Weight
Width x Gauge x Height Width x Gauge x Height
per ft. per ft.
(in. x ga. x in.) (in. x ga. x in.)
(lb./ft.) (lb./ft.)
4-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/2 2.3 11-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/2 4.2
4-3/4 x 12 x 1-1/2 3.2 11-3/4 x 14 x 2 4.4
7 x 14 x 1-1/2 3.0 11-3/4 x 12 x 1-1/2 5.9
7 x 14 x 2 3.3 11-3/4 x 12 x 2 6.2
7 x 12 x 1-1/2 4.1 18-3/4 x 14 x 1-1/2 6.1
7 x 12 x 2 4.5 18-3/4 x 14 x 2 6.3
9-1/2 x 14 x 1-1/2 3.6 18-3/4 x 12 x 1-1/2 8.5
9-1/2 x 14 x 2 3.8 18-3/4 x 12 x 2 8.9
9-1/2 x 12 x 1-1/2 5.0 24 x 14 x 2 7.4
9-1/2 x 12 x 2 5.4 24 x 12 x 2 10.4
* Diamond grip grating is also available in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled
(HRPO) steel.
53
diamond GriP GratinG

stainless diamond GriP GratinG 12 ft. stock lengths
Width x Gauge x Height Weight per ft.
(in. x ga. x in.) (lb./ft.)
11-3/4 x 16 x 2 3.7
alUminUm diamond GriP GratinG 12 ft. stock lengths

Width x Thickness x Height Weight per ft.
7 x .080 x 2 1.2
9-1/2 x .080 x 2 1.4
11-3/4 x .080 x 2 1.6
diamond GriP Carrier Plate

Carrier plates are used in the fabrication of stair treads. They fit onto the ends of
the tread to create an anchor for stair treads other than stock sizes.
diamond GriP Carrier Plate

Width x Height
(in. x in.)
7 x 2
9-1/2 x 1-1/2
11-3/4 x 2
54
safety GriP
• Embossed traction buttons, providing

superior slip resistance in all
directions and weather conditions.
• Large debossed holes that provide

maximum drainage of debris and • Light weight design for a high
allow up to 50% free air opening. strength-to-weight ratio.
• Self-cleaning due to resilience of the • Long life span, requiring

walking surface. little maintenance.
• Pre-galvanized for corrosion

resistance and protection from
atmospheric elements.
safety GriP* 12 ft. stock lengths

Width x Gauge x Depth Weight per ft.
5 x 13 x 1-1/2 2.6
7 x 13 x 1-1/2 3.0
10 x 13 x 1-1/2 3.5
12 x 13 x 1-1/2 4.4
12 x 11 x 2 5.5
18 x 13 x 1-1/2 5.7
18 x 11 x 2 7.1
24 x 11 x 2 8.9
* Safety grip is also available in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled (HRPO) steel.
55
sliP-not® Plate
Slip-Not® has a textured surface and hardness that ensures long life and
excellent slip resistance under both wet and dry conditions. Uses include:
floors, mezzanines, machine platforms, ramps, walkways, catwalks, trench
covers, drill platforms, wet decks and stairs.
sliP-not® Plate
Thickness Length x Width Weight per sq. ft.
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/8 48 x 96 5.13
1/8 48 x 120 5.13
3/16 48 x 96 7.65
3/16 48 x 120 7.65
1/4 48 x 96 10.23
3/4 21 x 96 32.57
safety-tread® Plate
Safety-Tread® Plate has perforated dimples,
providing excellent slip resistance in all
conditions. It is a long-lasting, cost-effective
flooring option and can be easily formed to
custom shapes. Safety tread plate is stocked
in ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and oiled
(HRPO) steel.
safety tread Plate

Gauge Length x Width Weight per sq. ft.
(in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
11 36 x 120 5.00
13 36 x 120 3.80
56
safety-tread® ladder rUnGs
Safety-Tread® ladder rungs can be
used for new vertical ladders or as
an overlay for existing ladder rungs.
They have traction buttons in 2, 3
or 4-hole design, providing a safer
alternative to pipe or flat bar ladder
treads. Our carbon steel Safety-
Tread® ladder rungs are stocked in
ASTM A1011 hot rolled, pickled and
oiled (HRPO) steel.
Allowable loads and deflections:

C = concentrated load at center of span (lb.)
D = deflection resulting from concentrated load (in.)
All concentrated loads include a safety factor of 1.67.
steel safety-tread® ladder rUnGs 5 ft. stock lengths

Width Safe load span
Weight
No. of 16" 18" 20" 24" per ft.
holes Rung (lb./ft.)
(in.) C D C D C D C D
2 1-1/4 377 .014 339 .018 308 .025 265 .036 1.20
3 1-5/8 260 .020 230 .029 200 .037 175 .065 1.30
4 2-1/4 490 .032 440 .045 400 .050 345 .065 1.50
stainless safety-tread® 5 ft. stock lengths

ladder rUnGs
Weight
No. of 16" 18" 20" 24" per ft.
holes Rung (lb./ft.)
3 1-5/8 280 .044 250 .051 225 .065 185 .080 1.10
4 2-1/4 415 .020 375 .029 340 .040 290 .050 1.20
57
reGUlar exPanded metal

Strand width
Regular expanded metal is sheet that has been
stretched into a rigid open mesh to allow for
extra strength and air flow.
Strand thickness
steel reGUlar exPanded metal

Sheet size (in.) Size of openings (in.) Size of strands (in.) Weight
Style per sq. ft.
Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness (lb./ft.2)
1/4 #20 48 x 96 .172 x .719 .073 x .036 .86

1/4 #18 48 x 96 .172 x .719 .073 x .048 1.14
1/2 #16 48 x 96 .375 x .938 .086 x .060 .86
1/2 #13 48 x 96 .313 x .936 .096 x .092 1.47
3/4 #16 48 x 96 .813 x 1.750 .099 x .060 .54
3/4 #13 48 x 96 .750 x 1.688 .096 x .092 .80
3/4 #10 48 x 96 .750 x 1.625 .144 x .092 1.20
3/4 #9 48 x 96 .688 x 1.563 .148 x .134 1.80
3/4 #9 60 x 144 .688 x 1.563 .148 x .134 1.80
1-1/2 #16 48 x 96 1.250 x 2.625 .107 x .060 .40
1-1/2 #13 48 x 96 1.188 x 2.500 .104 x .092 .60
1-1/2 #9 48 x 96 1.125 x 2.375 .142 x .134 1.20
1-1/2 #9 72 x 120 1.125 x 2.375 .142 x .134 1.20
1-1/2 #6 48 x 96 1.000 x 2.313 .201 x .198 2.50
alUminUm reGUlar exPanded metal

Style
Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness per sq. ft.
1/2 #.051 48 x 96 .375 x .938 .094 x .051 .27
1/2 #.081 48 x 96 .375 x .938 .096 x .081 .44
58
flattened exPanded metal
Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled,
leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by
approximately 5% and the width remains the same.
Strand width
Strand thickness
steel flattened exPanded metal

Style per sq. ft.
1/4 #20 48 x 96 .094 x .688 .086 x .030 .82
1/4 #18 48 x 96 .094 x .688 .086 x .040 1.08
1/2 #20 48 x 96 .375 x 1.000 .070 x .029 .40
1/2 #18 48 x 96 .281 x 1.000 .109 x .039 .66
1/2 #16 48 x 96 .250 x 1.000 .103 x .050 .82
1/2 #16 48 x 120 .250 x 1.000 .103 x .050 .82
1/2 #13 48 x 96 .250 x 1.000 .122 x .070 1.40
1/2 #13 48 x 120 .250 x 1.000 .122 x .070 1.40
3/4 #16 48 x 96 .750 x 1.750 .115 x .048 .51
3/4 #13 48 x 96 .688 x 1.782 .119 x .070 .75
3/4 #13 48 x 120 .688 x 1.782 .119 x .070 .75
3/4 #9 48 x 96 .563 x 1.688 .164 x .120 1.71
3/4 #9 48 x 120 .563 x 1.688 .164 x .120 1.71
1 #16 48 x 96 .875 x 2.250 .115 x .048 .41
1-1/2 #16 48 x 96 1.063 x 2.750 .123 x .048 .38
1-1/2 #13 48 x 96 1.063 x 2.750 .138 x .070 .57
1-1/2 #9 48 x 96 1.000 x 2.563 .175 x .110 1.14
1-1/2 #9 72 x 120 1.000 x 2.563 .175 x .110 1.14
59
stainless flattened 48" x 96" sheet size

exPanded metal
Size of openings (in.) Size of strands (in.) Weight per sq. ft.
Style
Width x Thickness (lb./ft. )
2
Width x Length
1/2 #18 .313 x 1.000 .093 x .040 .69
1/2 #16 .313 x 1.000 .093 x .050 .86
1/2 #13 .250 x 1.000 .132 x .080 1.78
3/4 #16 .750 x 1.813 .118 x .050 .57
3/4 #13 .625 x 1.750 .120 x .070 .86
alUminUm flattened 48" x 96" sheet size

exPanded metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #.051 .313 x 1.000 .091 x .040 .26
1/2 #.081 .313 x 1.000 .103 x .060 .42
3/4 #.051 .750 x 1.813 .114 x .040 .05
3/4 #.081 .687 x 1.750 .172 x .070 .39
3/4 #.125 .625 x 1.750 .180 x .095 .65
U-edGinG for exPanded metal 10 - 12 ft. lengths

Number Width x Opening (in. x in.)
#401 1 x 1/4
#402 1 x 1/8
#404 3/8 x 1/16
60
exPanded metal GratinG
Expanded metal grating is produced from heavier plate than regular expanded
metal. It is formed like a truss so that every inter-connecting strand acts as a
structural member, distributing load stress in several directions across the
supporting frame. It has larger diamonds than regular expanded metal and is
usually used for walkways and platforms.
Strand width
Strand thickness
steel exPanded metal GratinG

Style Sheet size (in.) Size of openings (in.) Size of strands (in.)
(lb./ft.2) Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness
3 48 x 96 .938 x 3.438 .261 x .183
3.14 48 x 96 1.625 x 4.875 .308 x .250
3.14 48 x 120 1.625 x 4.875 .308 x .250
4 48 x 96 .938 x 3.438 .297 x .215
4 48 x 120 .938 x 3.438 .297 x .215
4 72 x 120 .938 x 3.438 .297 x .215
4.27 48 x 96 1.000 x 2.875 .297 x .250
5 48 x 96 .813 x 3.375 .327 x .250
6.25 48 x 96 .813 x 3.375 .347 x .312
alUminUm exPanded metal GratinG

Style Sheet size (in.) Size of openings (in.) Size of strands (in.)
(lb./ft.2) Width x Length Width x Length Width x Thickness
2 60 x 144 1.000 x 3.600 .235 x .250
61
Perforated sheet
Perforated sheets are commonly used for
ornamental purposes and applications requiring
ventilation, such as machine guards, screens,
strainers and filters.
steel Perforated sheet 48" x 120" sheet size

Hole centers Gauge Decimal Weight
diameter Staggered
(in.) equivalent % open
area per sq. ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/8 3/16 20 .0359 42% .90
1/8 3/16 16 .0598 42% 1.50
1/8 3/16 12 .1046 42% 2.63
5/32 3/16 18 .0478 63% .74
1/4 3/8 16 .0598 41% 1.50
1/4 3/8 7 .1875 41% 4.59
1/4 1/2 11 .1196 23% 3.85
3/8 9/16 16 .0598 40% 1.50
3/8 9/16 11 .1196 40% 3.00
1/2 11/16 16 .0598 48% 1.33
stainless Perforated sheet 48" x 120" sheet size

T304
Hole Staggered centers Gauge Decimal % open Weight
diameter (in.) equivalent area per sq. ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/16 1/8 20 .0355 23% 1.19
3/32 5/32 16 .0595 33% 1.73
1/8 3/16 20 .0355 40% .92
1/8 3/16 16 .0595 42% 1.64
1/8 3/16 11 .1200 42% 2.63
3/16 5/16 11 .1200 33% 3.39
1/4 3/8 16 .0595 41% 1.52
62
molded fiBerGlass GratinG
Fiberglass grating is strong, light weight and corrosion resistant, making it
excellent for use in harsh environments. All molded stock is fire retardant,
impact resistant and easy to install. It is a cost-effective, practically
maintenance-free alternative to metal grating.
We stock green polyester, orange vinylester and safety yellow polyester

varieties. It can be supplied with either a grit or meniscus surface. USDA
approved, extra fire retardant and conductive gratings are also available.
molded fiBerGlass GratinG

Height Width
openings
x Length of Width x Length of
panel Weight per sq. ft.
(in.) (in. x in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1 1 x 4 36 x 120 3.1
1 1 x 4 48 x 144 3.1
1 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 48 x 144 2.9
1-1/2 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 36 x 120 3.6
1-1/2 1-1/2 x 1-1/2 48 x 144 3.6
2 2 x 2 48 x 144 4.1
molded fiBerGlass GratinG With Grit toP Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1-1/2 48 x 144 3.7
63
hardWare & aCCessories for fiBerGlass GratinG

• Stainless steel hold down, saddle and connector clips in G, J, M and U types.
• Stainless steel nuts, bolts and washers.
• Fiberglass wedge hold down clips.
• Fiberglass curb angle, pedestals and elastomeric pedestals.
• Fiberglass nuts and bolts.
fiBerGlass strUCtUrals
Klein Steel can provide technical information on and order fiberglass structurals,
gratings, stair treads, hardware and accessories. The following are available:
• Angles • Fiberbolt • Pipe • Square Tubing
• Beams • Flats • Plate
• Channels • Handrail • Rounds
• Curb Angles • Ladder Rungs • Round Tubing
fiBerGlass faBriCation
Klein Steel can also design and fabricate the following fiberglass
structural systems:
• Handrail Systems • Platforms
• Ladders • Safety Cages
• Manholes • Stairway & Walkway Systems
64
c arbon s heet P roPerties & a PPlications
Hot Rolled Sheet

CS Type B (A1011)
Low carbon, commercial-quality steel that is soft enough for
moderate bending and ductile enough for moderate drawing. It is
used for applications in which surface appearance is not essential.
Pickled And Oiled (A1011)

Mill oxide is removed from the sheet with an acid pickling
solution, improving surface appearance and finishing quality. It
holds paint and enamel well.
Cold Rolled Sheet

A1008
Has closer thickness tolerances and higher surface quality than
hot rolled pickled and oiled sheet. Its matte finish is suitable for
paint, enamel or lacquer. It is formable and ductile enough for
moderate drawing.
Corrosion Resistant Weathering Steel

A606
High strength, low alloy steel with high resistance to atmospheric
corrosion. Used for applications in which high strength and lower
weight are needed, particularly those exposed to atmospheric
elements. It is weldable and formable.
65
c arbon s heet P roPerties & a PPlications
Galvanized Sheet
CS-B
Has a durable, protective zinc coating to provide superior corrosion
resistance. It can be formed, cold drawn and stamped without
damaging the protective coating or impairing its protective qualities.
Galvannealed Sheet
CS-B
Heat treated after a zinc coating is applied to form a zinc-iron alloy.
This provides for additional corrosion resistance over galvanized
sheet and makes it more scratch-resistant. It is suitable for
painting or finishing without further preparation. The protective
coating will not be damaged by bending and simple forming.
66
sheet thiCkness toleranCes*
hot rolled, hot rolled PiCkled & oiled, Cold rolled
Decimal Tolerance Range Weight per sq. ft.
Gauge Equivalent (lb./ft.2)
(in.) HR/HRPO CR
7 .1793 .1873 - .1713 .1873 - .1713 7.500
8 .1644 .1724 - .1564 .1724 - .1564 6.875
9 .1495 .1575 - .1415 .1575 - .1415 6.250
10 .1345 .1425 - .1265 .1405 - .1285 5.625
11 .1196 .1276 - .1116 .1256 - .1136 5.000
12 .1046 .1126 - .0966 .1106 - .0986 4.375
13 .0897 .0967 - .0827 .0947 - .0847 3.750
14 .0747 .0817 - .0677 .0797 - .0697 3.125
15 .0673 .0733 - .0613 .0723 - .0623 2.813
16 .0598 .0658 - .0538 .0648 - .0548 2.500
17 .0538 .0598 - .0478 .0578 - .0498 2.250
18 .0478 .0528 - .0428 .0518 - .0438 2.000
19 .0418 .0458 - .0378 1.750
20 .0359 .0389 - .0329 1.500
21 .0329 .0359 - .0299 1.375
22 .0299 .0329 - .0269 1.250
23 .0269 .0299 - .0239 1.125
24 .0239 .0269 - .0209 1.000
25 .0209 .0239 - .0179 .875
26 .0179 .0199 - .0159 .750
27 .0164 .0184 - .0144 .688
28 .0149 .0169 - .0129 .625

* Based on 48" wide sheets.
67
sheet thiCkness toleranCes*

Galvanized
Decimal Equivalent Tolerance Range Weight per sq. ft.
Gauge (in.) (lb./ft.2)
Galvanized
8 .1681 .1771 - .1591 7.031
9 .1532 .1622 - .1442 6.406
10 .1382 .1472 - .1292 5.781
11 .1233 .1323 - .1143 5.156
12 .1084 .1174 - .0994 4.531
13 .0934 .1014 - .0854 3.906
14 .0785 .0865 - .0705 3.281
15 .0710 .0770 - .0650 2.969
16 .0635 .0695 - .0575 2.656
17 .0575 .0625 - .0525 2.406
18 .0516 .0566 - .0466 2.156
19 .0456 .0506 - .0406 1.906
20 .0396 .0436 - .0356 1.656
21 .0366 .0406 - .0326 1.531
22 .0336 .0376 - .0296 1.406
23 .0306 .0346 - .0266 1.281
24 .0276 .0316 - .0236 1.156
25 .0247 .0287 - .0207 1.031
26 .0217 .0247 - .0187 .906
27 .0202 .0232 - .0172 .844
28 .0187 .0217 - .0157 .781
* Based on 48" wide sheets.
68
hot rolled sheet
CS Type B (A1011)
Gauge Decimal
(in.)
Equivalent Width x Length
(in. x in.)
Weight per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.2)
7 .1793 48 x 96 7.50
7 .1793 48 x 120 7.50
10 .1345 36 x 96 5.62
10 .1345 48 x 96 5.62
10 .1345 48 x 120 5.62
10 .1345 60 x 120 5.62
10 .1345 72 x 120 5.62
10 .1345 72 x 144 5.62
11 .1196 36 x 96 5.00
11 .1196 48 x 96 5.00
11 .1196 48 x 120 5.00
11 .1196 48 x 144 5.00
11 .1196 60 x 96 5.00
11 .1196 60 x 120 5.00
11 .1196 72 x 120 5.00
12 .1046 36 x 96 4.37
12 .1046 48 x 96 4.37
12 .1046 48 x 120 4.37
12 .1046 60 x 120 4.37
12 .1046 60 x 144 4.37
12 .1046 72 x 120 4.37
12 .1046 72 x 144 4.37
14 .0747 36 x 96 3.12
14 .0747 48 x 96 3.12
14 .0747 48 x 120 3.12
14 .0747 48 x 144 3.12
14 .0747 60 x 120 3.12
14 .0747 72 x 120 3.12
16 .0598 36 x 96 2.50
16 .0598 48 x 96 2.50
16 .0598 48 x 120 2.50
16 .0598 60 x 120 2.50
16 .0598 60 x 144 2.50
69
PiCkled and oiled sheet

CS Type B (A1011)
Gauge Decimal Equivalent Width x Length Weight per sq. ft.

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/16" .1875 48 x 96 7.66
7 .1793 48 x 96 7.50
7 .1793 48 x 120 7.50
8 .1644 48 x 96 6.87
8 .1644 48 x 120 6.87
8 .1644 60 x 120 6.87
10 .1345 48 x 120 5.62
10 .1345 60 x 120 5.62
11 .1196 48 x 96 5.00
11 .1196 48 x 120 5.00
12 .1046 48 x 96 4.37
12 .1046 48 x 120 4.37
12 .1046 60 x 120 4.37
14 .0747 48 x 96 3.12
14 .0747 48 x 120 3.12
14 .0747 48 x 120 3.12
70
Cold rolled sheet
CS Type B (A1008)

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
10 .1345 48 x 96 5.62
10 .1345 48 x 120 5.62
11 .1196 36 x 96 5.00
11 .1196 48 x 96 5.00
11 .1196 48 x 120 5.00
11 .1196 60 x 120 5.00
12 .1046 36 x 48 4.38
12 .1046 36 x 120 4.38
12 .1046 48 x 96 4.38
12 .1046 48 x 120 4.38
12 .1046 60 x 120 4.38
13 .0897 48 x 96 3.75
13 .0897 48 x 120 3.75
14 .0747 36 x 96 3.13
14 .0747 48 x 96 3.13
14 .0747 48 x 120 3.13
14 .0747 60 x 120 3.13
16 .0598 36 x 96 2.50
16 .0598 48 x 96 2.50
16 .0598 48 x 120 2.50
16 .0598 60 x 120 2.50
18 .0478 36 x 96 2.00
18 .0478 48 x 96 2.00
18 .0478 48 x 120 2.00
18 .0478 60 x 120 2.00
19 .0418 48 x 96 1.75
71
Cold rolled sheet

CS Type B (A1008)

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
20 .0359 36 x 96 1.50
20 .0359 48 x 96 1.50
20 .0359 48 x 120 1.50
22 .0299 36 x 96 1.25
22 .0299 48 x 96 1.25
22 .0299 48 x 120 1.25
24 .0239 48 x 96 1.00
24 .0239 48 x 120 1.00
26 .0179 48 x 120 .75
72
Galvanized sheet
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
10 .1382 48 x 96 5.78
10 .1382 48 x 120 5.78
10 .1382 60 x 120 5.78
11 .1233 48 x 120 5.15
12 .1084 48 x 96 4.53
12 .1084 48 x 120 4.53
14 .0785 48 x 96 3.28
14 .0785 48 x 120 3.28
14 .0785 60 x 120 3.28
16 .0635 36 x 96 2.65
16 .0635 48 x 96 2.65
16 .0635 48 x 120 2.65
16 .0635 60 x 96 2.65
16 .0635 60 x 120 2.65
18 .0516 36 x 96 2.15
18 .0516 48 x 96 2.15
18 .0516 48 x 120 2.15
18 .0516 60 x 120 2.15
20 .0396 36 x 96 1.65
20 .0396 48 x 96 1.65
20 .0396 48 x 120 1.65
20 .0396 60 x 96 1.65
20 .0396 60 x 120 1.65
22 .0336 36 x 96 1.40
22 .0336 48 x 96 1.40
22 .0336 48 x 120 1.40
22 .0336 60 x 120 1.40
24 .0276 36 x 96 1.15
24 .0276 36 x 120 1.15
24 .0276 48 x 96 1.15
24 .0276 48 x 120 1.15
24 .0276 60 x 120 1.15
26 .0217 36 x 96 .91
26 .0217 48 x 96 .91
73
Galvanized sheet
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
26 .0217 48 x 120 .91
26 .0217 60 x 120 .91
28 .0187 48 x 96 .82
30 .0157 36 x 96 .65
Galvannealed sheet
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
10 .1382 48 x 96 5.78
10 .1382 48 x 120 5.78
11 .1233 48 x 96 5.15
12 .1084 48 x 96 4.53
12 .1084 48 x 120 4.53
12 .1084 60 x 120 4.53
14 .0785 48 x 96 3.28
14 .0785 48 x 120 3.28
16 .0635 48 x 96 2.65
16 .0635 48 x 120 2.65
16 .0635 60 x 120 2.65
18 .0516 48 x 96 2.15
18 .0516 48 x 120 2.15
18 .0516 60 x 120 2.15
20 .0396 48 x 96 1.65
20 .0396 48 x 120 1.65
20 .0396 60 x 120 1.65
22 .0336 36 x 96 1.40
22 .0336 48 x 96 1.40
22 .0336 48 x 120 1.40
22 .0336 60 x 120 1.40
24 .0276 48 x 96 1.15
24 .0276 48 x 120 1.15
74
reGUlar exPanded metal
Strand width
Regular expanded metal is sheet that has been
Strand thickness
steel reGUlar exPanded metal

Style per sq. ft.
1/4 #20 48 x 96 .172 x .719 .073 x .036 .86

1/4 #18 48 x 96 .172 x .719 .073 x .048 1.14
1/2 #16 48 x 96 .375 x .938 .086 x .060 .86
1/2 #13 48 x 96 .313 x .936 .096 x .092 1.47
3/4 #16 48 x 96 .813 x 1.750 .099 x .060 .54
3/4 #13 48 x 96 .750 x 1.688 .096 x .092 .80
3/4 #10 48 x 96 .750 x 1.625 .144 x .092 1.20
3/4 #9 48 x 96 .688 x 1.563 .148 x .134 1.80
3/4 #9 60 x 144 .688 x 1.563 .148 x .134 1.80
1-1/2 #16 48 x 96 1.250 x 2.625 .107 x .060 .40
1-1/2 #13 48 x 96 1.188 x 2.500 .104 x .092 .60
1-1/2 #9 48 x 96 1.125 x 2.375 .142 x .134 1.20
1-1/2 #9 72 x 120 1.125 x 2.375 .142 x .134 1.20
1-1/2 #6 48 x 96 1.000 x 2.313 .201 x .198 2.50
U-edGinG for exPanded metal 10 - 12 ft. lengths
Number Width x Opening

(in. x in.)
#401 1 x 1/4
#402 1 x 1/8
#404 3/8 x 1/16
75
flattened exPanded metal

Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal
that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and smooth Strand width
surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by
Strand thickness
steel flattened exPanded metal

Style
per sq. ft.
1/4 #20 48 x 96 .094 x .688 .086 x .030 .82
1/4 #18 48 x 96 .094 x .688 .086 x .040 1.08
1/2 #20 48 x 96 .375 x 1.000 .070 x .029 .40
1/2 #18 48 x 96 .281 x 1.000 .109 x .039 .66
1/2 #16 48 x 96 .250 x 1.000 .103 x .050 .82
1/2 #16 48 x 120 .250 x 1.000 .103 x .050 .82
1/2 #13 48 x 96 .250 x 1.000 .122 x .070 1.40
1/2 #13 48 x 120 .250 x 1.000 .122 x .070 1.40
3/4 #16 48 x 96 .750 x 1.750 .115 x .048 .51
3/4 #13 48 x 96 .688 x 1.782 .119 x .070 .75
3/4 #13 48 x 120 .688 x 1.782 .119 x .070 .75
3/4 #9 48 x 96 .563 x 1.688 .164 x .120 1.71
3/4 #9 48 x 120 .563 x 1.688 .164 x .120 1.71
1 #16 48 x 96 .875 x 2.250 .115 x .048 .41
1-1/2 #16 48 x 96 1.063 x 2.750 .123 x .048 .38
1-1/2 #13 48 x 96 1.063 x 2.750 .138 x .070 .57
1-1/2 #9 48 x 96 1.000 x 2.563 .175 x .110 1.14
1-1/2 #9 72 x 120 1.000 x 2.563 .175 x .110 1.14
76
Perforated sheet
ornamental purposes and applications
requiring ventilation, such as machine
guards, screens, strainers and filters. It is
also available in stainless steel, as shown on
pages 62 and 118.
CarBon steel Perforated sheet 48" x 120" sheet size

Hole centers Gauge Decimal Weight
diameter Staggered
(in.) equivalent % open
area per sq. ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/8 3/16 20 .0359 42% .90
1/8 3/16 16 .0598 42% 1.50
1/8 3/16 12 .1046 42% 2.63
5/32 3/16 18 .0478 63% .74
1/4 3/8 16 .0598 41% 1.50
1/4 3/8 7 .1875 41% 4.59
1/4 1/2 11 .1196 23% 3.85
3/8 9/16 16 .0598 40% 1.50
3/8 9/16 11 .1196 40% 3.00
1/2 11/16 16 .0598 48% 1.33
1/2 11/16 11 .1196 48% 2.60
77
78
b ar s tock P roPerties & a PPlications
Hot Rolled Steel
A569
Low carbon, commercial quality.
A36
The most common steel grade for general structural applications and fabrication.
1018 Special Bar Quality (SBQ)

Manufactured under strict conditions to minimize surface imperfections, visible
cavities and excessive chemical segregation in the material. Special quality bars
are used in applications requiring more precise internal and surface qualities
than are available in merchant quality bars.
A1011
Commercial quality, low carbon steel. It is suitable for many applications where
the presence of oxide and normal surface defects are not objectionable.
1141
Medium carbon, special quality manganese steel with deep and uniform surface
hardness. It has better heat treatment and machinability qualities than regular
carbon steel. Applications include those requiring strength and toughness, such
as gears, shafts, axles and bolts.
79

Cold Finished Steel
Cold finished bars are produced from special quality hot rolled bars. The bar
is cold-reduced for improved tolerances, surface quality, mechanical qualities
and machinability.
1018
Smooth surface, low carbon, medium manganese steel with good hardening,
machinability and bending characteristics. It is a lower cost option for
applications not requiring the strength of high carbon and alloyed steels.
1141
Used for the same applications as hot rolled 1141, but with a deeper and more
uniform surface hardness.
1144
Free-machining steel recommended for high-production machining and parts
requiring higher strength and durability than regular carbon steels.
1215
Low carbon steel with fast machining and cutting qualities for moderate
production rates. It leaves a smooth machined finish and is used when
machinability is more important than strength.
12L14
Low carbon, leaded steel designed for fast machining at high production rates.
It has good ductility and surface quality, and is recommended for high-speed
automatic screw parts.
TGP 1045 Shafting

Medium carbon steel with good hardenability, through hardness and wear
resistance. Its machinability and weldability are fair. As a turned, ground and
polished bar, its size accuracy, concentricity, finish and straightness are all
superior to those of regular cold finished material. Furthermore, turned, ground
and polished material is produced to eliminate all surface defects.
80
Alloy Steels
Alloy steel bars are often selected for their combinations of properties not
attainable in carbon steel. A wide range of strength, fatigue and wear
resistance, toughness and hardenability are available. However, it should be
noted that their optimal potential can be reached only through proper
heat treatment.
4140 (HR & CF)

Widely used alloyed steel containing chromium and molybdenum for parts
requiring high tensile strength and toughness. It may be heat treated over a
wide range to achieve the correct balance of hardness, strength and ductility.
It may be flame or induction hardened in areas requiring localized hardening.
It is a low cost, general purpose alloy often used in track pins, nuts, bolts,
shafts and bushings.
4150 (HR)
Same qualities as 4140, but with improved hardenability and machinability.
4340 (HR)
Highly alloyed with nickel and chromium, allowing for deep hardening and
strength when oil quenched. It is used for heavily stressed parts requiring
lasting durability.
6150 (HR)
Fine grain alloy of chrome vanadium steel that is durable and abrasion resistant
when heat treated. It has high surface hardness and good machinability.
Applications include those exposed to heavy stress and shock, including
springs, blades, gears and machine components.
81
8620 (HR AND CF)

General purpose case-hardening alloy of chromium, nickel and molybdenum.
It has excellent surface hardenability and a strong core, with good weldability
and machinability. 8620 is also available in the normalized condition. The steel
is heated above its critical temperature and cooled to refine its grain size and
carbide distribution, reducing subsequent heating times.
9310 (HR)
Case-hardening alloy with very high hardenability, impact resistance and fatigue
strength. Applications include those under very high contact stress, shock and
impact, including aircraft and helicopter gears.
82
hot rolled striP 20 ft. stock lengths
ASTM A569
ASTM A1011 • Tensile Strength: 40 ksi • Yield Point: 50 ksi
Thickness x Width Weight per ft. Thickness x Width Weight per ft.
(in. x in.) (lb./ft.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1/2 .213 1/8 x 12 5.10
1/8 x 5/8 .266 3/16 x 1/2 .32
1/8 x 3/4 .319 3/16 x 3/4 .48
1/8 x 1 .425 3/16 x 1 .64
1/8 x 1-1/4 .531 3/16 x 1-1/4 .80
1/8 x 1-1/2 .638 3/16 x 1-1/2 .96
1/8 x 1-3/4 .744 3/16 x 1-3/4 1.12
1/8 x 2 .850 3/16 x 2 1.28
1/8 x 2-1/2 1.06 3/16 x 2-1/2 1.59
1/8 x 3 1.28 3/16 x 3 1.91
1/8 x 3-1/4 1.38 3/16 x 4 2.55
1/8 x 3-1/2 1.49 3/16 x 5 3.19
1/8 x 4 1.70 3/16 x 6 3.83
1/8 x 5 2.13 3/16 x 7 4.46
1/8 x 6 2.55 3/16 x 8 5.10
1/8 x 8 3.40
hot rolled flat 20 ft. stock lengths

1/4 x 1/2 .43 1/4 x 2-1/4 1.91
1/4 x 5/8 .53 1/4 x 2-1/2 2.13
1/4 x 3/4 .64 1/4 x 2-3/4 2.34
1/4 x 1 .85 1/4 x 3 2.55
1/4 x 1-1/4 1.06 1/4 x 3-1/2 2.98
1/4 x 1-3/8 1.17 1/4 x 4 3.40
1/4 x 1-1/2 1.28 1/4 x 4-1/2 3.83
1/4 x 1-3/4 1.49 1/4 x 5 4.25
1/4 x 2 1.70 1/4 x 6 5.10
83

1/4 x 7 5.95 3/8 x 9 11.48
1/4 x 8 6.80 3/8 x 10 12.75
1/4 x 9 7.65 3/8 x 11 14.03
1/4 x 10 8.50 3/8 x 12 15.30
1/4 x 12 10.20 1/2 x 3/4 1.28
5/16 x 1 1.06 1/2 x 1 1.70
5/16 x 1-1/4 1.33 1/2 x 1-1/4 2.13
5/16 x 1-1/2 1.59 1/2 x 1-1/2 2.55
5/16 x 2 2.13 1/2 x 1-3/4 2.98
5/16 x 3 3.19 1/2 x 2 3.40
5/16 x 4 4.25 1/2 x 2-1/2 4.25
5/16 x 6 6.35 1/2 x 3 5.10
3/8 x 1/2 .64 1/2 x 3-1/2 5.95
3/8 x 3/4 .96 1/2 x 4 6.80
3/8 x 1 1.28 1/2 x 4-1/2 7.66
3/8 x 1-1/4 1.60 1/2 x 5 8.51
3/8 x 1-1/2 1.91 1/2 x 5-1/2 9.35
3/8 x 1-3/4 2.23 1/2 x 6 10.21
3/8 x 2 2.55 1/2 x 7 11.91
3/8 x 2-1/4 2.87 1/2 x 8 13.61
3/8 x 2-1/2 3.19 1/2 x 9 15.30
3/8 x 2-3/4 3.50 1/2 x 10 17.02
3/8 x 3 3.83 1/2 x 11 18.70
3/8 x 3-1/2 4.47 1/2 x 12 20.42
3/8 x 4 5.10 5/8 x 1 2.13
3/8 x 4-1/2 5.74 5/8 x 1-1/2 3.19
3/8 x 5 6.38 5/8 x 2 4.25
3/8 x 6 7.66 5/8 x 2-1/2 5.32
3/8 x 7 8.93 5/8 x 3 6.38
3/8 x 8 10.20 5/8 x 3-1/2 7.44
84
5/8 x 4 8.51 1 x 5 17.00
5/8 x 4-1/2 9.56 1 x 6 20.40
5/8 x 5 10.64 1 x 7 23.80
5/8 x 6 12.76 1 x 8 27.20
5/8 x 8 17.02 1 x 9 30.60
5/8 x 11 23.40 1 x 10 34.03
5/8 x 12 25.50 1 x 12 40.84
3/4 x 1 2.55 1-1/4 x 1-1/2 6.38
3/4 x 1-1/4 3.19 1-1/4 x 2 8.50
3/4 x 1-1/2 3.83 1-1/4 x 2-1/2 10.63
3/4 x 2 5.10 1-1/4 x 3 12.75
3/4 x 2-1/2 6.38 1-1/4 x 4 17.00
3/4 x 3 7.65 1-1/4 x 5 21.25
3/4 x 3-1/2 8.93 1-1/4 x 6 25.50
3/4 x 4 10.20 1-1/4 x 8 34.00
3/4 x 5 12.75 1-1/2 x 2 10.20
3/4 x 6 15.30 1-1/2 x 2-1/2 12.75
3/4 x 7 17.85 1-1/2 x 3 15.30
3/4 x 8 20.40 1-1/2 x 4 20.40
3/4 x 9 22.95 1-1/2 x 5 25.50
3/4 x 10 25.50 1-1/2 x 6 30.60
3/4 x 11 28.05 1-3/4 x 8 47.60
3/4 x 12 30.60 2 x 3 20.40
7/8 x 6 17.85 2 x 4 27.20
1 x 1-1/2 5.10 2 x 5 34.00
1 x 2 6.80 2 x 6 40.80
1 x 2-1/4 7.65 2-1/2 x 3 25.50
1 x 2-1/2 8.50 2-1/2 x 4 34.00
1 x 3 10.20
1 x 4 13.60
1 x 4-1/2 15.30
85
• hot rolled roUnd

1018 Special Bar Quality • Tensile Strength: 58 ksi • Yield Point: 32 ksi
1141 • Tensile Strength: 94 ksi • Yield Point: 52 ksi
Diameter (in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.)
3/16 * .095
1/4 * .165
5/16 * .260
3/8 .375
7/16 .510
1/2 .688
5/8 1.04
3/4 1.50
7/8 2.05
1 2.67
1-1/8 3.38
1-1/4 4.17
1-3/8 5.05
1-1/2 6.01
1-3/4 8.18
2 10.68
2-1/4 13.52
2-1/2 16.69
2-3/4 20.19
3 24.03
3-1/2 32.71
3-3/4 37.55
4 42.73
4-1/4 48.23
4-1/2 54.08
4-3/4 60.50
* Not certified to ASTM A36
86
• hot rolled roUnd
1018 Special Bar Quality • Tensile Strength: 58 ksi • Yield Point: 32 ksi
1141 • Tensile Strength: 94 ksi • Yield Point: 52 ksi
5 66.76
5-1/2 80.78
5-3/4 89.00
6 96.13
6-1/4 104.30
6-1/2 112.80
6-3/4 122.85
7 130.90
7-1/2 150.20
8 170.90
9 216.30
87
• alloy steel hot rolled roUnd

5/8 1.04
3/4 1.50
1 2.71
1-3/8 5.05
1-1/2 6.08
1-3/4 8.18
2 10.68
2-1/8 12.06
2-1/4 13.52
2-1/2 16.69
2-3/4 20.19
3 24.03
3-1/4 28.21
3-1/2 32.71
3-5/8 35.09
3-3/4 37.55
3-7/8 40.01
4 42.75
4-1/4 48.23
4-1/2 55.59
4-3/4 60.25
5 66.76
5-1/4 73.76
5-1/2 80.78
5-3/4 90.60
* 8620 is also available normalized.
88
• alloy steel hot rolled roUnd
6 96.00
6-1/4 104.30
6-1/2 112.80
6-3/4 121.70
7 130.90
7-1/4 140.40
7-1/2 150.20
8 170.90
8-1/4 181.80
9 216.30
9-1/4 228.70
9-1/2 241.00
10 267.00
10-1/2 312.07
11 330.50
11-1/2 360.90
12 392.60
13 460.00
14 532.80
15 610.90
16 694.36
* 8620 is also available normalized.
89
hot rolled half roUnd 20 ft. stock lengths

Diameter Weight per ft.
(in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 .334
5/8 .550
1 1.335
2 5.350
hot rolled half oval 20 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 x 1 .594
• threaded rod* CommerCial QUality

Plain or Zinc
Diameter Threads per in. Weight per ft.
(in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 20 .12
5/16 18 .20
3/8 16 .32
3/8 24 .29
7/16 14 .45
1/2 13 .54
1/2 20 .58
5/8 11 .85
5/8 18 .92
3/4 10 1.25
7/8 9 1.70
1 8 2.23
We do not stock Half Rounds, Half Ovals

* Threaded rod is also available in stainless steel. Please see page 111.
90
• hot rolled sQUare 20 ft. stock lengths
Width (in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.)
3/8 .48
1/2 .85
5/8 1.33
3/4 1.91
7/8 2.61
1 3.40
1-1/4 5.32
1-1/2 7.66
1-3/4 10.41
2 13.60
2-1/2 21.26
3 30.60
4 54.40
91
Cold finished flat 12 ft. stock lengths

1018
1/8 x 1/4 .11 1/4 x 1-1/4 1.06
1/8 x 3/8 .16 1/4 x 1-3/8 1.17
1/8 x 1/2 .21 1/4 x 1-1/2 1.28
1/8 x 5/8 .27 1/4 x 1-3/4 1.49
1/8 x 3/4 .32 1/4 x 2 1.70
1/8 x 1 .43 1/4 x 2-1/4 1.91
1/8 x 1-1/4 .53 1/4 x 2-1/2 2.13
1/8 x 1-1/2 .64 1/4 x 3 2.55
1/8 x 2 .85 1/4 x 3-1/2 2.98
1/8 x 2-1/2 1.06 1/4 x 4 3.40
1/8 x 3 1.28 1/4 x 4-1/2 3.83
1/8 x 4 1.70 1/4 x 5 4.25
1/8 x 5 2.13 1/4 x 6 5.10
1/8 x 6 2.55 1/4 x 7 5.95
3/16 x 1/2 .32 1/4 x 8 6.80
3/16 x 5/8 .40 1/4 x 10 8.51
3/16 x 3/4 .48 1/4 x 12 10.21
3/16 x 1 .64 5/16 x 1/2 .53
3/16 x 1-1/4 .80 5/16 x 5/8 .66
3/16 x 1-1/2 .97 5/16 x 3/4 .80
3/16 x 1-3/4 1.12 5/16 x 7/8 .93
3/16 x 2 1.28 5/16 x 1 1.06
3/16 x 2-1/2 1.60 5/16 x 1-1/4 1.33
3/16 x 3 1.91 5/16 x 1-1/2 1.59
3/16 x 4 2.55 5/16 x 2 2.13
3/16 x 6 3.83 5/16 x 3 3.19
1/4 x 3/8 .32 3/8 x 1/2 .64
1/4 x 1/2 .43 3/8 x 5/8 .80
1/4 x 5/8 .53 3/8 x 3/4 .96
1/4 x 3/4 .64 3/8 x 1 1.28
1/4 x 7/8 .74 3/8 x 1-1/8 1.43
1/4 x 1 .85 3/8 x 1-1/4 1.60
92
1018
3/8 x 1-1/2 1.91 1/2 x 5-1/2 9.35
3/8 x 1-3/4 2.23 1/2 x 6 10.21
3/8 x 2 2.55 1/2 x 7 11.91
3/8 x 2-1/4 2.87 1/2 x 8 13.61
3/8 x 2-1/2 3.19 1/2 x 9 15.34
3/8 x 2-3/4 3.50 1/2 x 10 17.02
3/8 x 3 3.83 1/2 x 11 18.70
3/8 x 3-1/2 4.47 1/2 x 12 20.42
3/8 x 4 5.10 5/8 x 3/4 1.60
3/8 x 4-1/2 5.74 5/8 x 1 2.13
3/8 x 5 6.38 5/8 x 1-1/4 2.66
3/8 x 6 7.66 5/8 x 1-1/2 3.19
3/8 x 7 8.93 5/8 x 1-3/4 3.72
3/8 x 8 10.21 5/8 x 2 4.25
3/8 x 10 12.76 5/8 x 2-1/4 4.78
3/8 x 12 15.31 5/8 x 2-1/2 5.32
1/2 x 5/8 1.06 5/8 x 3 6.38
1/2 x 3/4 1.28 5/8 x 4 8.51
1/2 x 1 1.70 5/8 x 5 10.64
1/2 x 1-1/4 2.13 5/8 x 6 12.76
1/2 x 1-3/8 2.34 5/8 x 8 17.02
1/2 x 1-1/2 2.55 5/8 x 10 21.25
1/2 x 1-3/4 2.98 3/4 x 1 2.55
1/2 x 2 3.40 3/4 x 1-1/4 3.19
1/2 x 2-1/4 3.83 3/4 x 1-1/2 3.83
1/2 x 2-1/2 4.25 3/4 x 1-3/4 4.47
1/2 x 3 5.10 3/4 x 2 5.10
1/2 x 3-1/2 5.96 3/4 x 2-1/4 5.74
1/2 x 4 6.81 3/4 x 2-1/2 6.38
1/2 x 4-1/2 7.66 3/4 x 3 7.66
1/2 x 5 8.51 3/4 x 3-1/4 8.28
93

1018
3/4 x 3-1/2 8.93 1-1/4 x 1-1/2 6.38
3/4 x 4 10.21 1-1/4 x 1-3/4 7.44
3/4 x 5 12.76 1-1/4 x 2 8.50
3/4 x 6 15.31 1-1/4 x 2-1/4 9.56
3/4 x 7 17.87 1-1/4 x 2-1/2 10.63
3/4 x 8 20.42 1-1/4 x 3 12.75
3/4 x 10 25.52 1-1/4 x 4 17.00
3/4 x 12 30.63 1-1/4 x 6 25.50
7/8 x 1 2.98 1-1/2 x 2 10.20
7/8 x 1-1/4 3.71 1-1/2 x 2-1/4 11.50
7/8 x 1-1/2 4.46 1-1/2 x 2-1/2 12.75
7/8 x 2 5.95 1-1/2 x 3 15.30
1 x 1-1/4 4.25 1-1/2 x 4 20.40
1 x 1-3/8 4.68 1-1/2 x 5 25.50
1 x 1-1/2 5.10 1-1/2 x 6 30.60
1 x 1-3/4 5.95 1-3/4 x 2 11.90
1 x 2 6.80 1-3/4 x 2-1/2 14.88
1 x 2-1/4 7.65 1-3/4 x 4 23.80
1 x 2-1/2 8.80 2 x 2-1/2 17.00
1 x 3 10.20 2 x 3 20.40
1 x 3-1/2 11.90 2 x 4 27.20
1 x 4 13.60 2 x 5 34.00
1 x 4-1/2 15.30 2 x 6 40.80
1 x 5 17.00 2-1/2 x 3 25.50
1 x 6 20.40 2-1/2 x 4 34.00
1 x 7 23.80 3 x 3-1/2 35.70
1 x 8 27.20 3 x 4 40.80
1 x 10 34.03 3 x 6 61.20
1 x 12 40.84
94
4140
Thickness x Width (in. x in.) Weight per ft. (lb./ft.)
3/8 x 1-1/4 1.59
1/2 x 1-1/2 2.55
5/8 x 2 4.25
3/4 x 1-1/4 3.19
1 x 1-1/2 5.10
1-1/4 x 2 8.50
1-1/2 x 2 10.20
95
• Cold finished roUnd 12 & 20 ft. stock lengths

1/8 .04
3/16 .09
1/4 .17
5/16 .26
3/8 .38
7/16 .51
1/2 .67
9/16 .85
5/8 1.04
21/32 1.15
11/16 1.26
3/4 1.50
13/16 1.76
7/8 2.05
15/16 2.35
1 2.67
1-1/16 3.02
1-1/8 3.38
1-3/16 3.78
1-1/4 4.17
1-5/16 4.60
1-3/8 5.05
1-7/16 5.52
1-1/2 6.01
1-9/16 6.51
1-5/8 7.05
1-11/16 7.60
1-3/4 8.18
96
• Cold finished roUnd 12 & 20 ft. stock lengths
1018 • 1141 • 1144 • 12L14 • 1215 • 4140 • 8620
1-7/8 9.39
1-15/16 10.02
2 10.68
2-1/8 12.06
2-3/16 12.78
2-1/4 13.52
2-3/8 15.06
2-7/16 15.87
2-1/2 16.69
2-5/8 18.40
2-3/4 20.19
2-7/8 22.10
2-15/16 23.04
3 24.03
3-1/4 28.21
3-7/16 31.55
3-1/2 32.71
3-5/8 35.09
4 42.73
4-1/2 54.08
5 66.76
5-1/2 80.78
6 96.13
6-1/2 112.82
8 170.90
12 384.50
97
• tUrned GroUnd & Polished (tGP) 12 & 24 ft. stock lengths

1045
Weight per ft. O. D. Diameter O. D. Diameter
Diameter(in.) (lb./ft.) Tolerance Plus Tolerance Minus
1/2 .67 0.000 0.002
5/8 1.04 0.000 0.002
3/4 1.50 0.000 0.002
7/8 2.05 0.000 0.002
1 2.67 0.000 0.0025
1-1/8 3.38 0.000 0.0025
1-3/16 3.77 0.000 0.0025
1-1/4 4.17 0.000 0.0025
1-3/8 5.05 0.000 0.0025
1-7/16 5.52 0.000 0.0025
1-1/2 6.01 0.000 0.0030
1-5/8 7.05 0.000 0.0030
1-11/16 7.62 0.000 0.0030
1-3/4 8.18 0.000 0.0030
1-15/16 10.02 0.000 0.0030
2 10.92 0.000 0.0030
2-3/16 12.78 0.000 0.0030
2-7/16 15.87 0.000 0.0030
2-15/16 23.04 0.000 0.0030
3 24.03 0.000 0.0030
3-1/8 26.08 0.000 0.0030
3-7/16 31.55 0.000 0.0030
Ask your salesperson about processing capabilities for keyed shafts.
98
keyed shaft With standard keyWays
Diameter of shaft Key set width x depth Diameter of set screw
(in.) (in. x in.) (in.)
1/2 - 9/16 1/8 x 1/16 10 - 24
5/8 - 7/8 3/16 x 3/32 1/4
15/16 - 1-1/4 1/4 x 1/8 5/16
1-5/16 - 1-3/8 5/16 x 5/32 5/16
1-7/16 - 1-3/4 3/8 x 3/16 3/8
1-13/16 - 2-1/4 1/2 x 1/4 1/2
2-5/16 - 2-3/4 5/8 x 5/16 5/8
2-13/16 - 3-1/4 3/4 x 3/8 3/4
3-5/16 - 3-3/4 7/8 x 7/16 3/4
We can custom key any Cold Drawn Bar.
Cold finished keystoCk 12 ft. stock lengths

1018
1/8 .05
3/16 .12
1/4 .21
5/16 .33
3/8 .48
7/16 .65
1/2 .85
9/16 1.08
5/8 1.33
3/4 1.91
7/8 2.61
1 3.40
99
Cold finished sQUare 12 ft. stock lengths

1018 • 4140

1/8 .05
3/16 .12
1/4 .21
5/16 .33
3/8 .48
7/16 .65
1/2 .85
9/16 1.08
5/8 1.33
3/4 1.91
7/8 2.61
1 3.40
1-1/8 4.31
1-1/4 5.32
1-1/2 7.66
1-3/4 10.41
2 13.60
2-1/4 17.21
2-1/2 21.26
3 30.60
3-1/2 41.65
4 54.40
5 85.00
6 122.40
100
Cold finished hexaGon 12 ft. stock lengths
1018 • 1144 • 12L14 • 1215 • 4140
Width Weight per ft.
(in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 .18
5/16 .28
3/8 .41
7/16 .56
1/2 .73
9/16 .93
5/8 1.15
11/16 1.38
3/4 1.65
7/8 2.25
1 2.94
1-1/8 3.73
1-1/4 4.60
1-7/16 6.08
1-1/2 6.63
1-5/8 7.77
1-3/4 9.04
1-7/8 10.35
2-1/4 14.91
2-3/4 22.27
101
102
S tainleSS S teel P roPertieS & a PPlicationS
T303
Includes sulfur to improve machinability over T304. It is corrosion
resistant to atmospheric elements, as well as many chemicals, dyes
and foods. It used for machining applications in which formability
is not essential.
T304
The most common austenitic grade of stainless steel, offering good
corrosion resistance to atmospheric, industrial and many chemical
elements. It is formable, weldable and typically used for
applications in food processing, kitchen appliances, architectural
work and chemical containers. T304 is non-magnetic and not
hardenable through heat treatment.
T304L
Low carbon variation of T304 for improved weldability. It is
interchangeable with T304, but preferred for welding jobs,
particularly those with heavy gauge parts.
T316
A chrome-nickel steel with superior corrosion resistance to
atmospheric, chemical and industrial elements. It is often used in
marine applications, cooking applications, paper processing and
applications involving corrosive chemicals. It is typically non-
magnetic, unless cold-worked.
T316L
Low carbon variation of T316 for improved weldability.
It is interchangeable with T316, but preferred for welding jobs.
103
S tainleSS S teel P roPertieS & a PPlicationS
17-4-PH
A high strength stainless steel with excellent hardness and
corrosion resistance. It is used for high-strength fittings, valves,
bolts and medical instruments.
18-8
An iron based alloy that contains a nominal 18% chromium and
8% nickel. Super corrosion resistant, non-magnetic and hardenable
only by cold working.
416SS
Includes phosphorus and sulfer to improve machinability. Highest
machinability of stainless grades. Maximum corrosion resistance
is obtained by hardening and polishing. Magnetic in all conditions;
18-8 added “An iron-based alloy that contains a nominal 18%
chromium and 8% nickel. Super corrosion resistant, non-magnetic
and hardenable only by cold working”.
440C
Capable of acquiring the highest hardness of any of the corrosion-
resistant steels through heat treatment. It is magnetic in all
conditions and used for instrument bearings, nozzles and valves.
Welding is not recommended.
Diamond Tread Plate

Diamond tread plate is designed with 4-way raised lugs, providing
traction for foot traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring
in areas with slippery materials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water. It
is also available in stainless steel and aluminum.
104
StainleSS angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
StainleSS angle 20 ft. random stock lengths

T304 • Tensile Strength: 85 ksi • Yield Point: 34 ksi
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8 .60
1 x 1 x 1/8 .81
1 x 1 x 3/16 1.17
1 x 1 x 1/4 1.50
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 1.02
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 3/16 1.49
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/4 1.93
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 1.24
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 1.81
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 2.35
2 x 2 x 1/8 1.66
2 x 2 x 3/16 2.45
2 x 2 x 1/4 3.20
2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4 4.11
3 x 3 x 1/4 4.91
3 x 3 x 3/8 7.21
4 x 4 x 1/4 6.60
4 x 4 x 3/8 9.80
105
StainleSS Channel
C
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
A B - Flange Width (in.)
C - Web Thickness (in.)
StainleSS Channel 20 ft. random stock lengths

(A) Depth x (B) Flange width x (C) Web thickness Weight per ft.
2 x 1 x 1/4 3.20
3 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 4.10
3 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 6.15
4 x 2 x 1/4 6.95
6 x 1.9 x .343 8.32
106
StainleSS Flat 12 ft. stock lengths
1/8 x 1/2 .23
1/8 x 3/4 .32
1/8 x 1 .44
1/8 x 1-1/4 .54
1/8 x 1-1/2 .66
1/8 x 2 .89
1/8 x 2-1/2 1.09
1/8 x 3 1.33
1/8 x 4 1.83
3/16 x 1/2 .32
3/16 x 3/4 .50
3/16 x 1 .68
3/16 x 1-1/4 .83
3/16 x 1-1/2 1.02
3/16 x 2 1.37
3/16 x 3 1.97
3/16 x 4 2.64
3/16 x 6 4.00
1/4 x 1/2 .44
1/4 x 3/4 .67
1/4 x 1 .90
1/4 x 1-1/4 1.10
1/4 x 1-1/2 1.31
1/4 x 2 1.75
1/4 x 2-1/2 2.19
1/4 x 3 2.63
1/4 x 4 3.50
1/4 x 5 4.25
107
StainleSS Flat* 12 ft. stock

lengths
1/4 x 6 5.33
1/4 x 8 6.80
5/16 x 3 3.21
3/8 x 3/4 .96
3/8 x 1 1.42
3/8 x 1-1/4 1.58
3/8 x 1-1/2 2.14
3/8 x 2 2.72
3/8 x 2-1/2 3.32
3/8 x 3 4.04
3/8 x 4 5.16
3/8 x 5 6.38
3/8 x 6 7.65
1/2 x 3/4 1.28
1/2 x 1 1.91
1/2 x 1-1/4 2.16
1/2 x 1-1/2 2.75
1/2 x 2 3.63
1/2 x 2-1/2 4.42
1/2 x 3 5.30
1/2 x 4 7.08
1/2 x 5 8.72
1/2 x 6 10.55
5/8 x 1-1/2 3.20
5/8 x 2 4.25
5/8 x 4 8.50
3/4 x 1-1/2 3.83
3/4 x 2 5.10
* Stainless flats 5/8" and thicker are True Bar.
108
StainleSS Flat* 12 ft. stock lengths
3/4 x 2-1/2 6.37
3/4 x 3 7.65
3/4 x 4 10.20
1 x 1-1/4 4.25
1 x 1-1/2 5.10
1 x 2 7.25
1 x 2-1/2 8.50
1 x 4 13.60
2 x 3 20.40
2 x 4 27.27
* Stainless flats 5/8" and thicker are True Bar.
• StainleSS Round 12 ft. stock lengths

17-4 • Tensile Strength: 160 ksi • Yield Point: 145 ksi
440C • Tensile Strength: 110 ksi • Yield Point: 65 ksi
1/8 .05
3/16 .10
1/4 .17
5/16 .27
3/8 .38
7/16 .52
1/2 .67
9/16 .85
5/8 1.05
3/4 1.51
109
• StainleSS Round 12 ft. stock lengths

440C • Tensile Strength: 110 ksi • Yield Point: 65 ksi
A416 • Tensile Strength: 75 ksi • Yield Point: 40 ksi
13/16 1.76
7/8 2.05
1 2.67
1-1/8 3.38
1-3/16 3.77
1-1/4 4.18
1-7/16 5.52
1-1/2 6.01
1-3/4 8.16
1-7/8 9.39
1-15/16 10.02
2 10.68
2-3/16 12.78
2-1/4 13.52
2-5/16 14.28
2-3/8 15.06
2-1/2 16.69
3 24.03
3-1/2 32.71
4 42.73
4-1/2 54.17
110
StainleSS halF Round 12 ft. stock lengths
1/2 .33
5/8 .52
3/4 .76
• StainleSS thReaded Rod 12 ft. stock lengths

Diameter (in.) Threads per in. Weight per ft. (lb./ft.)
1/4 20 .12
5/16 18 .19
3/8 16 .29
1/2 13 .53
1/2 20 .53
5/8 11 .85
1 8 2.22
111
StainleSS SquaRe 12 ft. stock lengths

1/4 .21
3/8 .48
1/2 .85
5/8 1.83
3/4 1.91
1 3.40
1-1/4 5.31
2 13.60
StainleSS hexagon 12 ft. stock lengths

1/4 .18
3/8 .41
1/2 .74
5/8 1.15
3/4 1.66
7/8 2.25
1 2.95
112
StainleSS Plate*
T304L • Tensile Strength: 75 ksi • Yield Point: 30 ksi
T316L • Tensile Strength: 75 ksi • Yield Point: 30 ksi
Thickness (in.) Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft.2)
3/16 48 x 96 8.60
3/16 48 x 120 8.60
3/16 60 x 120 8.60
1/4 48 x 96 11.23
1/4 48 x 120 11.23
1/4 60 x 120 11.23
1/4 72 x 120 11.23
5/16 48 x 120 13.75
5/16 60 x 120 13.75
3/8 48 x 96 16.50
3/8 48 x 120 16.50
3/8 60 x 120 16.50
7/16 60 x 120 19.08
1/2 48 x 120 21.65
1/2 60 x 120 21.65
9/16 60 x 120 24.25
5/8 60 x 120 26.83
3/4 60 x 120 32.12
7/8 60 x 120 37.29
1 48 x 120 42.67
1 60 x 120 42.67
1-1/4 60 x 120 53.00
1-1/2 60 x 120 63.34
1-5/8 60 x 120 66.37
1-3/4 60 x 120 73.67
2 60 x 120 84.01
2-1/2 60 x 120 102.10
* Our stainless plate is dual certified.
113
StainleSS diamond tRead Plate
StainleSS diamond tRead Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/8 48 x 120 6.15
3/16 48 x 96 8.71
1/4 48 x 120 11.25
1/4 48 x 144 11.25
Please see pages 45-46 carbon steel diamond tread plate and page 133 for 6061
and 3003 aluminum diamond tread plate.
114
StainleSS Sheet
T304-2B • T304 Polished • T316
Decimal Weight per

Width x Length
Gauge equivalent Tolerance sq. ft.
(in. x in.)
(in.) (lb./ft.2)
10 .1350 .006 48 x 96 5.69
10 .1350 .006 48 x 120 5.69
10 .1350 .006 60 x 120 5.69
11 .1200 .005 36 x 96 5.04
11 .1200 .005 48 x 96 5.04
11 .1200 .005 48 x 120 5.04
11 .1200 .005 60 x 120 5.04
12 .1054 .005 36 x 96 4.44
12 .1054 .005 48 x 96 4.44
12 .1054 .005 48 x 120 4.44
12 .1054 .005 60 x 120 4.44
13 .0900 .004 48 x 120 3.78
14 .0751 .004 36 x 120 3.15
14 .0751 .004 48 x 96 3.15
14 .0751 .004 48 x 120 3.15
14 .0751 .004 60 x 120 3.15
16 .0595 .003 36 x 96 2.53
16 .0595 .003 36 x 120 2.53
16 .0595 .003 48 x 96 2.53
16 .0595 .003 48 x 120 2.53
16 .0595 .003 60 x 120 2.53
18 .0480 .003 36 x 96 2.04
18 .0480 .003 48 x 96 2.04
18 .0480 .003 48 x 120 2.04
* A 2B finish is annealed, pickled and bright cold-rolled.

Special size orders available.
115
StainleSS Sheet
T304-2B • T304 Polished • T316
Decimal Weight per
Width x Length
Gauge equivalent Tolerance sq. ft.
(in. x in.)
(in.) (lb./ft.2)
20 .0355 .002 36 x 96 1.54
20 .0355 .002 48 x 96 1.54
20 .0355 .002 48 x 120 1.54
22 .0293 .002 36 x 120 1.29
22 .0293 .002 48 x 96 1.29
22 .0293 .002 48 x 120 1.29
24 .0235 .0015 48 x 96 1.01
24 .0235 .0015 48 x 120 1.01
26 .0178 .0015 48 x 120 .76
* A 2B finish is annealed, pickled and bright cold-rolled.
116
StainleSS Flattened exPanded metal
Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded metal that has been cold rolled,
leaving a flat and smooth surface. The length of the sheet is elongated by
Strand width
Strand thickness
StainleSS Flattened 48" x 96" sheet size

exPanded metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #18 .313 x 1.000 .093 x .040 .69
1/2 #16 .313 x 1.000 .093 x .050 .86
1/2 #13 .250 x 1.000 .132 x .080 1.78
3/4 #16 .750 x 1.813 .118 x .050 .57
3/4 #13 .625 x 1.750 .120 x .070 .86
Please see page 59 or 75 for carbon steel flattened expanded metal.
117
StainleSS PeRFoRated Sheet

ornamental purposes and applications requiring
ventilation, such as machine guards, screens,
strainers and filters.
Perforated sheet with round

staggered centers
StainleSS PeRFoRated Sheet 48" x 120" sheet size

Hole Staggered centers Gauge Decimal % open Weight
diameter (in.) equivalent area per sq. ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/16 1/8 20 .0355 23% 1.19
3/32 5/32 16 .0595 33% 1.73
1/8 3/16 20 .0355 40% .92
1/8 3/16 16 .0595 42% 1.64
1/8 3/16 11 .1200 42% 2.63
3/16 5/16 11 .1200 33% 3.39
1/4 3/8 16 .0595 41% 1.52
Please see page 56 or 71 for carbon steel perforated sheet.
118
StainleSS Welded BaR gRating
19W4
4" A
13/16" B
a - BeaRing BaR B - CRoSS BaR
19W4 StainleSS
Bearing Bar (in. x in.) Panel size (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft.
3/16 x 1 36 x 288 7.10
1 in. and 1-1/2 in. stainless steel saddle clips are

available for anchoring bar grating.
Please see pages 49-51 for carbon steel welded bar grating.
Special size orders available.
119
StainleSS diamond gRiP gRating

• Serrated edges around diamond shaped
openings provide slip resistance under
slippery conditions.
• Rounded corners reduce the possibility

of stress cracks across saddles or at
the side of channels under various
loading conditions.
• Self-cleaning due to the resilience of • Light weight design provides for a

the walking surface. high strength-to-weight ratio.
StainleSS diamond gRiP gRating 12 ft. stock lengths

Width x Gauge x Height Weight per ft.
11-3/4 x 16 x 2 3.7
StainleSS SaFety-tRead® laddeR RungS

Safety-Tread® ladder rungs can be used for new
vertical ladders or as an overlay for existing
ladder rungs. They have traction buttons in 3 or 4
hole design, providing a safer alternative to pipe
or flat bar ladder treads.
Allowable loads and deflections:

C = concentrated load at center of span (lb.)
D = deflection resulting from concentrated load (in.)
All concentrated loads include a safety factor of 1.67.
StainleSS SaFety-tRead® 5 ft. stock lengths

laddeR RungS
Weight
No. of 16" 18" 20" 24" per ft.
Holes Rung (lb./ft.)
3 1-5/8 280 .044 250 .051 225 .065 185 .080 1.10
4 2-1/4 415 .020 375 .029 340 .040 290 .050 1.20
120
StainleSS SquaRe tuBing 20 ft. random stock lengths
Outside Wall gauge or Decimal Weight per ft.
Dimension thickness (in.) equivalent (lb./ft.)
(in.) (in.)
1 18 .049 .63
1 16 .065 .83
1 14 .083 1.04
1 11 .120 1.44
1-1/4 16 .065 1.05
1-1/4 11 .120 1.84
1-1/2 14 .083 1.60
1-1/2 11 .120 2.25
1-1/2 3/16 .188 3.30
2 16 .065 1.71
2 14 .083 2.14
2 11 .120 3.07
2 3/16 .188 4.45
2 1/4 .250 6.01
3 11 .120 4.70
3 3/16 .188 6.90
3 1/4 .250 10.00
StainleSS SquaRe tuBing 20 ft. random stock lengths

Outside Dimension Wall gauge Decimal equivalent Weight per ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1-1/2 16 .065 2.25
2 11 .120 3.07
121
StainleSS ReCtangulaR tuBing 20 ft. random stock lengths

Outside Dimension Wall gauge or Decimal Weight per ft.

(in. x in.) thickness (in.) equivalent (lb./ft.)
(in.)
1-1/2 x 1/2 16 .065 .82
2 x 1 18 .049 .97
2 x 1 11 .120 2.25
3 x 1 14 .083 2.16
3 x 2 11 .120 3.89
3 x 2 3/16 .188 5.75
4 x 2 11 .120 4.70
4 x 2 3/16 .188 6.90
4 x 2 1/4 .250 10.02
StainleSS ReCtangulaR tuBing 20 ft. random stock lengths

Outside Dimension Wall thickness Decimal

equivalent Weight per ft.
(in. x in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
4 x 2 1/4 .250 10.02
122
Welded StainleSS Round tuBing 20 ft. stock lengths
Outside Di- Wall Decimal Inside Weight per
mension gauge equivalent Dimension ft.
(in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/8 22 .028 .069 .029
1/4 20 .035 .180 .080
1/4 18 .049 .152 .105
3/8 20 .035 .305 .127
3/8 18 .049 .277 .171
1/2 20 .035 .430 .174
1/2 18 .049 .402 .236
1/2 16 .065 .370 .302
5/8 18 .049 .527 .301
5/8 16 .065 .495 .389
11/16 20 .035 .617 .200
3/4 18 .049 .652 .367
3/4 16 .065 .620 .476
1 16 .065 .870 .650
2 16 .065 1.870 1.343
123
SeamleSS StainleSS Round tuBing 20 ft. stock lengths

Outside Di- Wall Decimal Inside Weight per
mension gauge equivalent Dimension ft.
(in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/8 24 .020 .085 .024
1/4 22 .028 .194 .066
3/8 18 .049 .277 .171
1/2 20 .035 .430 .174
1/2 18 .049 .402 .236
1/2 16 .065 .370 .302
3/4 16 .065 .620 .480
3/4 14 .083 .584 .59
1 16 .065 .870 .650
SCh. 40 StainleSS PiPe 20 ft. stock lengths

Nominal Inside Nominal Inside Outside
Dimension Wall Thickness Dimension Dimension Weight
(lb./ft.)
per ft.
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
1/2 .109 .622 .840 .86
3/4 .113 .824 1.050 1.14
1 .133 1.049 1.315 1.70
1-1/4 .140 1.380 1.660 2.29
1-1/2 .145 1.610 1.900 2.74
2 .154 2.067 2.375 3.70
3 .216 3.068 3.500 7.65
124
A luminum P roPerties & A PPlicAtions
Heat Treatable Alloys
2024
A high-strength aluminum alloyed with copper. It has fair
workability and corrosion resistance, with limited formability. It is used when
optimal strength-to-weight ratios are required, such as aircraft and medical uses.
6061
A general-purpose alloy with good formability, weldability and
corrosion resistance. Typical uses include those requiring welding or brazing,
structural applications, marine applications and
transportation equipment.
6063
An aluminum alloy with high quality surface finish. It is readily formed and
welded, although its machinability is only fair.
Applications include furniture, architectural and ornamental uses.
Non-Heat Treatable Alloys

3003
Alloyed with manganese to increase strength over commercially pure aluminum
(1100), but it is not as strong as commonly used grade 6061. It has excellent
workability and is readily welded or brazed. Its machinability is fair, improving
at higher tempers and increased speeds. Applications include those requiring
higher strength than commercially pure aluminum, including drawing, spinning,
food and chemical containers, heat exchangers and sheet metal work.
5052
A high strength and corrosion resistant aluminum alloy with good workability
and weldability. It is not recommended for brazing or soldering applications,
however. Machinability is fair and may require additional set-up. It is used for
fuel tanks, refrigerator
components, utensils, bumpers, and pressure vessels.
DiamonD Plate
Diamond plate is designed with 4-way raised lugs, providing traction for foot
traffic and vehicles. It is an ideal choice for flooring in areas with slippery mate-
rials, such as oil, dirt, grease or water.
125
aluminum angle
Angle Dimensions:
C - Thickness (in.)
C
B
6061 aluminum angle 25 ft. stock lengths

6061 • Ultimate Strength: 45 ksi • Yield Point: 40 ksi
(A) Flange x (B) Flange x Weight (A) Flange x (B) Flange x Weight
(C) Thickness per ft. (C) Thickness per ft.
(in. x in. x in.) (lb./ft.) (in. x in. x in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8 .13 2 x 2 x 1/8 .58
3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8 .21 2 x 2 x 3/16 .85
1 x 1/2 x 1/8 .20 2 x 2 x 1/4 1.13
1 x 1 x 1/8 .28 2 x 2 x 3/8 1.61
1 x 1 x 3/16 .40 2-1/2 x 2-1/2 x 1/4 1.40
1 x 1 x 1/4 .51 3 x 2 x 1/4 1.40
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 .35 3 x 3 x 1/4 1.68
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/4 .66 3 x 3 x 3/8 2.47
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 .42 3 x 3 x 1/2 3.23
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 .62 4 x 4 x 1/4 2.28
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 .83 4 x 4 x 3/8 3.37
2 x 1-1/2 x 1/4 .96 6 x 4 x 3/8 4.24
6063 aluminum angle 16 ft. stock lengths

1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8 .13
126
aluminum Channel
C
Channel Dimensions:
A - Depth (in.)
B - Flange Width (in.)
A C - Web Thickness (in.)
6061 aluminum Channel 25 ft. stock lengths

A. Depth x C.Web thickness B. Flange width Weight per ft.

(in. x in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
2 x .170 1.25 1.07
3 x .170 1.41 1.42
3 x .258 1.50 1.73
4 x .180 1.58 1.85
6 x .200 1.92 2.83
6063 aluminum Channel 16 ft. stock lengths

A. Depth x B. Flange width x C. Web thickness Weight per ft.

3/4 x 3/4 x 1/8 .29
1 x 1/2 x 1/8 .26
1-1/4 x 1-1/4 x 1/8 .52
1-1/2 x 1/2 x 1/8 .33
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 .62
1-3/4 x 1 x 1/8 .52
1-3/4 x 1-3/4 x 1/8 .71
2 x 1 x 1/8 .56
127
aluminum Flat 12 ft. stock lengths

1/8 x 1/2 .08 3/8 x 1/2 .23
1/8 x 3/4 .11 3/8 x 3/4 .34
1/8 x 1 .15 3/8 x 1 .44
1/8 x 1-1/4 .18 3/8 x 1-1/4 .56
1/8 x 1-1/2 .22 3/8 x 1-1/2 .66
1/8 x 2 .30 3/8 x 2 .88
1/8 x 2-1/2 .37 3/8 x 2-1/2 1.10
1/8 x 3 .45 3/8 x 3 1.32
3/16 x 3/4 .17 3/8 x 3-1/2 1.58
3/16 x 1 .22 3/8 x 4 1.80
3/16 x 1-1/2 .33 3/8 x 5 2.20
3/16 x 2 .44 3/8 x 6 2.70
3/16 x 3 .66 3/8 x 8 3.54
3/16 x 4 .88 1/2 x 3/4 .45
1/4 x 1/2 .15 1/2 x 1 .60
1/4 x 5/8 .20 1/2 x 1-1/4 .75
1/4 x 3/4 .23 1/2 x 1-1/2 .88
1/4 x 1 .29 1/2 x 1-3/4 1.03
1/4 x 1-1/4 .38 1/2 x 2 1.18
1/4 x 1-1/2 .44 1/2 x 2-1/2 1.50
1/4 x 1-3/4 .53 1/2 x 3 1.76
1/4 x 2 .59 1/2 x 3-1/2 2.10
1/4 x 2-1/2 .75 1/2 x 4 2.35
1/4 x 3 .88 1/2 x 5 2.94
1/4 x 3-1/2 1.01 1/2 x 6 3.60
1/4 x 4 1.18 1/2 x 8 4.79
1/4 x 5 1.47 5/8 x 1 .74
1/4 x 6 1.76 5/8 x 1-1/4 .91
1/4 x 8 2.35 5/8 x 1-1/2 1.10
128
5/8 x 2 1.50 1 x 2-1/2 3.00
5/8 x 3 2.17 1 x 3 3.59
3/4 x 1 .88 1 x 4 4.70
3/4 x 1-1/2 1.35 1 x 5 5.84
3/4 x 2 1.76 1 x 6 7.34
3/4 x 2-1/2 2.25 1-1/4 x 1-1/2 2.20
3/4 x 3 2.65 1-1/4 x 2 2.94
3/4 x 4 3.59 1-1/2 x 2 3.60
3/4 x 5 4.49 1-1/2 x 3 5.42
3/4 x 6 5.29 2 x 2-1/2 6.00
1 x 1-1/2 1.78 2 x 3 7.26
1 x 2 2.40 2 x 4 9.59

1/2 x 1-1/2 .90 3 x 6 21.60
1 x 1-3/4 2.10 3-1/2 x 9 36.86
1 x 2 2.40 4 x 6 28.76
1 x 2-1/2 3.00 5 x 6 35.10
1-3/4 x 3 6.33 6 x 8-1/2 59.67
3 x 4 14.11
129
• aluminum RounD
12 ft. stock lengths
Diameter Weight per ft. Diameter Weight per ft.

(in.) (lb./ft.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
3/16 .03 1-3/4 2.83
1/4 .06 2 3.69
5/16 .09 2-1/8 4.16
3/8 .13 2-1/4 4.67
1/2 .23 2-1/2 5.77
5/8 .36 3 8.30
3/4 .52 3-1/2 11.76
7/8 .71 4 15.21
1 .92 4-1/2 18.67
1-1/8 1.17 5 23.54
1-1/4 1.44 6 33.22
1-3/8 1.67 7 46.57
1-1/2 2.08 8 59.05

1-5/8 2.41
• aluminum RounD

(in.) (lb./ft.)
1 .92
130
aluminum SquaRe 12 ft. stock lengths
Outside Weight per ft. Outside Weight per ft.
dimension (in.) (lb./ft.) dimension (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 .08 1-1/2 2.65
3/8 .17 1-3/4 3.67
1/2 .29 2 4.70
5/8 .46 2-1/4 6.08
3/4 .66 3 10.57
1 1.20 4 18.80
1-1/4 1.84
aluminum SquaRe 12 ft. stock lengths

Outside dimension Weight per ft.
(in.) (lb./ft.)
1 1.18
2 4.70
2-1/2 7.34
4 18.80
aluminum hexagon 12 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 .26
5/8 .40
3/4 .57
131
aluminum Plate
(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
3/16 48 x 96 2.69
3/16 48 x 144 2.69
1/4 48 x 96 3.66
1/4 48 x 120 3.66
1/4 48 x 144 3.66
3/8 48 x 144 5.44
1/2 48 x 144 7.40
5/8 48 x 96 8.82
3/4 48 x 96 10.58
3/4 48 x 144 10.58
1 48 x 96 14.44
1 48 x 144 14.44
1-1/4 48 x 96 17.96
1-1/2 48 x 96 21.49
2 48 x 96 28.17
aluminum tool & Jig Plate*

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/4 48 x 48 3.66
3/8 48 x 48 5.44
1/2 48 x 48 7.30
5/8 48 x 48 8.82
3/4 48 x 48 10.58
1 48 x 48 14.44
1-1/2 48 x 48 21.49
2 48 x 48 28.17
* Aluminum plate up to 1-1/2" thick is available saw-cut to size.
132
aluminum DiamonD tReaD Plate
6061 aluminum DiamonD tReaD Plate

(in.) (in. x in.) (lb./ft.2)
1/8 48 x 96 1.92
1/4 48 x 96 3.71
1/4 48 x 192 3.71
3/8 48 x 96 5.49
3/8 48 x 192 5.49
3003 aluminum DiamonD BRite tReaD Plate

Thickness (in.) Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft.2)
1/8 48 x 96 1.93
1/8 48 x 192 1.93
1/8 60 x 120 1.93
3/16 48 x 96 2.82
3/16 48 x 192 2.82
1/4 48 x 120 3.71
133
aluminum Sheet
3003 • 5052 • 6061
Nominal thickness (in.) Width x Length (in. x in.) Weight per sq. ft. (lb./ft.2)
.025 48 x 96 .36
.032 36 x 96 .46
.032 48 x 96 .46
.032 48 x 120 .46
.040 48 x 96 .57
.050 48 x 96 .72
.050 48 x 120 .72
.063 36 x 96 .90
.063 48 x 96 .90
.063 48 x 120 .90
.063 48 x 144 .90
.080 48 x 96 1.13
.080 48 x 120 1.13
.090 48 x 96 1.26
.090 48 x 120 1.26
.090 48 x 144 1.26
.100 48 x 96 1.43
.125 48 x 96 1.79
.125 48 x 120 1.79
.125 48 x 144 1.79
.125 60 x 120 1.79
.190 48 x 96 2.69
.190 48 x 120 2.69
.190 48 x 144 2.69
134
aluminum RegulaR exPanDeD metal
Regular expanded metal is sheet that has been Strand width
Strand thickness
aluminum RegulaR 48" x 96" sheet size

exPanDeD metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #.051 .375 x .938 .094 x .051 .27
1/2 #.081 .375 x .938 .096 x .081 .44
aluminum FlatteneD exPanDeD metal

Flattened expanded metal is regular expanded
metal that has been cold rolled, leaving a flat and Strand width
smooth surface. The length of the sheet is
elongated by approximately 5% and the width
remains the same.
Strand thickness
aluminum FlatteneD 48" x 96" sheet size

exPanDeD metal
Style
2
Width x Length
1/2 #.051 .313 x 1.000 .091 x .040 .26
1/2 #.081 .313 x 1.000 .103 x .060 .42
3/4 #.051 .750 x 1.813 .114 x .040 .05
3/4 #.081 .687 x 1.750 .172 x .070 .39
3/4 #.125 .625 x 1.750 .180 x .095 .65
135
aluminum DiamonD gRiP gRating

• Serrated edges around diamond

shaped openings provide
slip resistance under
slippery conditions.
• Rounded corners reduce the

possibility of stress cracks across
saddles or at the side of channels
under various loading conditions.
• Light weight design provides for a
• Self-cleaning due to the resilience high strength-to-weight ratio.
of the walking surface.
aluminum DiamonD gRiP gRating 12 ft. stock lengths
Width x Thickness x Height Weight per ft.

7 x .080 x 2 1.2
9-1/2 x .080 x 2 1.4
11-3/4 x .080 x 2 1.6
Please see page 53 for carbon steel diamond grip grating and pages 54 or 120 for
stainless steel diamond grip grating.
136
aluminum exPanDeD metal gRating
Expanded metal grating is produced
from heavier plate than regular expanded
Strand width
metal. It has larger diamonds and is
usually used for walkways and platforms.
Strand thickness
aluminum exPanDeD 60" x 144" sheet size

metal gRating
Style Size of openings (in.) Size of strands (in.) Weight per sq. ft.
(lb./ft.) Width x Length Width x Thickness (lb./ft. )
2
2 1.000 x 3.600 .235 x .250 2.00
Please see page 61 for carbon steel expanded metal grating.
137
aluminum SquaRe tuBing 24 ft. stock lengths

Outside square Wall Weight Outside square Wall Weight
dimension thickness per ft. dimension thickness per ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
3/4 1/8 .38 2-1/2 1/4 2.71
1 1/8 .53 3 1/8 1.69
1-1/4 1/8 .67 3 3/16 2.49
1-1/2 1/8 .83 3 1/4 3.23
2 1/8 1.13 4 1/8 2.32
2 1/4 2.10 4 1/4 4.41
aluminum ReCtangulaR tuBing 24 ft. stock lengths

Outside Dimension Wall thickness Weight per ft.
1-1/2 x 1 1/8 .67
2 x 1-1/2 1/8 .96
3 x 2 1/8 1.40
4 x 2 1/8 1.69
138
SCh. 40 aluminum PiPe 21 ft. stock lengths
Nominal Inside Nominal Wall Inside Outside
Dimension Thickness Dimension Dimension Weight
(lb./ft.)
per ft.
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.)
3/8 .091 .493 .675 .20
1/2 .109 .622 .840 .29
3/4 .113 .824 1.050 .39
1 .133 1.049 1.315 .58
1-1/4 .140 1.380 1.660 .79
1-1/2 .145 1.610 1.900 .94
2 .154 2.067 2.375 1.26
139
140
c Arbon t ube And P iPe P roPerties & A PPlicAtions
Tubing
Tubing is a hollow construction material produced to actual outside
dimensions. A variety of inside dimensions and wall thicknesses are
available to alter its strength. Because it is hollow, tubing is often used
for its high strength-to-weight ratio in a multitude of manufactured and
structural applications.
Mechanical Tubing
Conforms to ASTM A513, a low-carbon steel that offers good surface
finish and forming qualities. It is produced to exact outside and wall
thickness dimensions and used in a variety of manufactured and
fabricated applications. Mechanical tubing is not intended to convey
fluids or gases. Rather, it is used when strength, surface appearance and
dimensional accuracy are needed.
Structural Tubing
Conforms to ASTM A500, offering a high strength-to-weight ratio. It is
easily welded, formed, punched and drilled. As its name suggests, it is
used for structural purposes and is not intended to convey gases or
liquids, as it has not been pressure tested.
Whether a product is denoted as mechanical or structural tubing refers to its

size and end-purpose. They are available in the following forms:
Electric Resistance Welded

The most common way of producing tubing, in which hot or cold rolled
sheet is gradually formed until the edges meet and are welded together
with an electric charge.
Seamless
In this process, a solid shape, usually a special quality bar, is pulled over
a mandrel while rotating to form a hollow tube. It is then further worked
to achieve the desired surface finish, wall thickness and diameter. Through
this process, a wide range of outside diameters and wall thicknesses
are possible.
141
c Arbon t ube And P iPe P roPerties & A PPlicAtions

Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM)
A cold drawn electric resistance welded tube with all flash removed and is
checked for soundess of the weld. It is normalized and cold drawn over a
mandrel to create a uniform, precise product. DOM tubing exhibits
excellent outside and inside diameter concentricity, often making it
preferred over seamless tubing.
Pipe
Pipe is a hollow round material produced to nominal inside dimensions.
The pipe’s schedule refers to its wall thickness. At Klein we stock
structural pipe, which is not intended for the conveyance of fluids
or gases.
142
SquaRe tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing
ASTM A513 • Ultimate Strength: 87 ksi • Yield Point: 72 ksi
Includes material with 1/2" - 2" outside dimension and 18 ga. - 3/16" wall
thickness.24 ft. stock lengths
structurAl tubing
Includes material with 1-1/2" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
thickness. 24, 40 and 48 ft. stock lengths
SquaRe tuBing
Outside Square Dimension Wall Decimal equivalent Weight per ft.
(in.) gauge (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 16 .065 .38
5/8 16 .065 .50
3/4 16 .065 .61
3/4 14 .083 .75
3/4 11 .120 1.03
1 18 .049 .63
1 16 .065 .81
1* 16 .065 .81
1 15 .072 .91
1 14 .083 1.04
1 12 .109 1.32
1 11 .120 1.44
1-1/4 16 .065 1.05
1-1/4 14 .083 1.32
1-1/4 12 .109 1.69
1-1/4 11 .120 1.84
1-1/4 3/16 .188 2.46
1-1/2 18 .049 .97
1-1/2 16 .065 1.27
1-1/2 14 .083 1.60
1-1/2 12 .109 2.06
1-1/2 11 .120 2.25
1-1/2 3/16 .188 3.35
* HRPO – Hot rolled, pickled and oiled.
143
SquaRe tuBing
Outside Square Dimension Wall Decimal equivalent Weight per ft.
1-1/2 3/16 .188 3.35
1-1/2 1/4 .250 4.00
1-3/4 14 .083 1.88
1-3/4 11 .120 2.66
2 16 .065 1.71
2 14 .083 2.16
2 12 .109 2.80
2 11 .120 3.07
2 3/16 .188 4.32
2 1/4 .250 5.41
2-1/2 11 .120 3.90
2-1/2 3/16 .188 5.61
2-1/2 1/4 .250 7.11
3 14 .083 3.29
3 11 .120 4.75
3 3/16 .188 6.87
3 1/4 .250 8.81
3 5/16 .313 10.58
3 3/8 .375 12.50
3-1/2 11 .120 5.64
3-1/2 3/16 .188 8.15
3-1/2 1/4 .250 10.51
4 11 .120 6.46
4 3/16 .188 9.42
4 1/4 .250 12.21
4 5/16 .313 14.83
4 3/8 .375 17.27
4 1/2 .500 21.63
5 3/16 .188 12.00
5 1/4 .250 15.62
5 3/8 .375 22.37
5 1/2 .500 28.43
144
SquaRe tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing
Includes material with 1/2" - 2" outside dimension and 18 ga. - 3/16" wall
thickness. 24 ft. stock lengths
structurAl tubing
Includes material with 1-1/2" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
thickness. 24, 40 and 48 ft. stock lengths
SquaRe tuBing
Outside Square Dimension Wall
thickness
Decimal
(in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
6 3/16 .188 14.53
6 1/4 .250 19.02
6 5/16 .313 23.24
6 3/8 .375 27.48
6 1/2 .500 35.24
7 1/4 .250 22.42
7 3/8 .375 35.28
8 1/4 .250 25.82
8 3/8 .375 37.71
8 1/2 .500 48.85
10 1/4 .250 32.63
10 3/8 .375 47.90
10 1/2 .500 62.46
12 3/8 .375 58.10
12 1/2 .500 76.07
145
ReCtangulaR tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing
Includes material with 1/2" - 1-1/4" outside dimension. and 18 ga. - 14 ga. wall
structurAl tubing
Includes material with 1" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
ReCtangulaR tuBing
1 x 1/2 16 .065 .61
1-1/2 x 3/4 14 .083 1.18
1-1/2 x 1 16 .065 1.05
1-1/2 x 1 11 .120 1.84
2 x 1 18 .049 .97
2 x 1 16 .065 1.25
2 x 1 14 .083 1.60
2 x 1 11 .120 2.25
2 x 1-1/4 14 .120 2.46
2 x 1-1/4 11
2 x 1-1/2 11 .120 2.66
2-1/2 x 1 14 .083 1.88
2-1/2 x 1 11 .120 2.66
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 11 .120 3.07
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 3/16 .188 4.32
2-1/2 x 1-1/2 1/4 .250 5.41
3 x 1 14 .083 2.16
3 x 1 11 .120 3.07
3 x 1-1/2 14 .083 2.45
3 x 1-1/2 11 .120 3.48
3 x 1-1/2 3/16 .188 5.07
3 x 1-1/2 1/4 .250 6.80
3 x 2 14 .083 2.73
3 x 2 11 .120 3.90
146
ReCtangulaR tuBing
mechAnicAl tubing
Includes material with 1/2" - 1-1/4" outside dimension and 18 ga. - 14 ga. wall
thickness, 24 ft. stock lengths
structurAl tubing
Includes material with 1" - 12" outside dimension and 11 ga. - 1/2" wall
thickness, 24 ft. stock lengths
ReCtangulaR tuBing
3 x 2 3/16 .188 5.61
3 x 2 1/4 .250 7.11
4 x 2 14 .083 3.29
4 x 2 11 .120 4.75
4 x 2 3/16 .188 6.87
4 x 2 1/4 .250 8.81
4 x 2 5/16 .313 10.58
4 x 2 3/8 .375 12.17
4 x 3 3/16 .188 8.15
4 x 3 1/4 .250 10.51
4 x 3 5/16 .313 12.70
4 x 3 3/8 .375 14.71
5 x 2 11 .120 5.60
5 x 2 3/16 .188 8.15
5 x 2 1/4 .250 10.51
5 x 3 11 .120 6.22
5 x 3 3/16 .188 9.42
5 x 3 1/4 .250 12.21
5 x 3 5/16 .313 14.83
5 x 3 3/8 .375 17.30
5 x 4 1/4 .250 13.90
6 x 2 11 .120 6.46
6 x 2 3/16 .188 9.42
6 x 2 1/4 .250 12.21
6 x 2 3/8 .375 17.27
6 x 3 3/16 .188 10.70
147
ReCtangulaR tuBing
Outside Dimension Wall thickness Decimal
(in. x in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
6 x 3 1/4 .250 13.91
6 x 3 3/8 .375 19.82
6 x 4 3/16 .188 12.00
6 x 4 1/4 .250 15.62
6 x 4 3/8 .375 22.37
6 x 4 1/2 .500 28.43
7 x 3 1/4 .250 15.62
7 x 4 1/4 .250 17.32
8 x 2 3/16 .188 12.00
8 x 2 1/4 .250 15.62
8 x 2 3/8 .375 22.37
8 x 3 3/16 .188 13.30
8 x 3 1/4 .250 17.32
8 x 3 3/8 .375 24.93
8 x 4 3/16 .188 14.53
8 x 4 1/4 .250 19.02
8 x 4 3/8 .375 27.48
8 x 4 1/2 .500 35.24
8 x 6 3/16 .188 17.13
8 x 6 1/4 .250 22.42
8 x 6 3/8 .375 32.58
8 x 6 1/2 .500 42.05
10 x 2 1/4 .250 19.30
10 x 3 1/4 .250 20.72
10 x 4 3/16 .188 17.08
10 x 4 3/8 .375 32.58
10 x 6 3/16 .188 19.63
10 x 6 1/2 .500 48.85
10 x 8 1/2 .500 55.70
12 x 2 1/4 .250 22.95
12 x 4 1/4 .250 25.82
12 x 8 1/4 .250 32.63
148
galvanizeD teleSPaR® tuBing with holeS
Telespar® tubing is square, perforated

and welded at each corner to allow tubes
to telescope into the next larger size. This
allows for easy, fast adjustment of height
and reinforcement. It is most commonly
used as an economical, easy-to-use
choice for sign posts.
galvanizeD teleSPaR tuBing* 12 ft. stock lengths

Outside Dimension Wall Decimal equivalent Weight per ft.
1 12 .109 1.20
1-1/4 12 .109 1.56
1-1/2 12 .109 1.92
1-3/4 12 .109 2.27
2 12 .109 2.63
*Holes are 7/16" diameter and 1" on center.
149
RounD tuBing
ASTM A500 GR B Structural, 58 ksi • Yield Point 46 ksi
welDeD, SeamleSS, Dom
Outside Decimal Inside

Wall gauge or Weight per ft.
Dimension equivalent Dimension
thickness (in.) (lb./ft.)
(in.) (in.) (in.)
1/4 22 .028 .194 .066

3/8 20 .035 .305 .127
3/8 18 .049 .277 .171
3/8 16 .065 .245 .220
1/2 18 .049 .402 .240
1/2 16 .065 .370 .302
1/2 11 .125 .250 .501
5/8 18 .049 .527 .301
5/8 16 .065 .433 .389
5/8 11 .120 .385 .647
5/8 3/16 .188 .250 .877
3/4 16 .065 .620 .476
3/4 14 .083 .584 .591
3/4 11 .120 .510 .807
3/4 3/16 .188 .375 1.128
7/8 16 .065 .745 .562
7/8 11 .120 .635 .967
1 16 .065 .870 .649
1 14 .083 .834 .812
1 13 .095 .810 .918
1 11 .120 .760 1.128
1 3/16 .188 .625 1.630
1 1/4 .250 .500 2.003
1-1/16 13 .095 .873 .982
1-1/8 11 .120 .885 1.288
1-1/4 18 .049 1.152 .628
1-1/4 16 .065 1.120 .822
(continued)
150
RounD tuBing
ASTM A500 GR B Welded, Seamless DOM

(in.) (in.) (in.)
1-1/4 14 .083 1.084 1.034

1-1/4 13 .095 1.060 1.172
1-1/4 11 .120 1.010 1.448
1-1/4 3/16 .188 .875 2.132
1-1/4 1/4 .250 .750 2.670
1-1/4 16 .065 1.124 .82
1-1/4 5/16 .312 .626 3.12
1-3/8 3/16 .188 1 2.38
1-3/8 11 .120 1.135 1.608
1-3/8 5/16 .313 .750 3.550
1-1/2 16 .065 1.370 .996
1-1/2 14 .083 1.334 1.256
1-1/2 13 .095 1.310 1.426
1-1/2 11 .120 1.260 1.842
1-1/2 3/16 .188 1.125 2.634
1-1/2 1/4 .250 1.000 3.338
1-1/2 5/16 .312 .875 3.968
1-1/2 3/8 .375 .750 4.506
1-5/8 11 .120 1.385 1.929
1-5/8 10 .134 1.357 2.134
1-5/8 3/16 .188 1.250 2.885
1-5/8 3/8 .375 .875 5.000
1-3/4 16 .065 1.620 1.170
1-3/4 14 .083 1.584 1.478
1-3/4 13 .095 1.560 1.679
1-3/4 11 .120 1.510 2.089
1-3/4 1/4 .250 1.250 4.005
1-7/8 5/32 .156 1.563 2.860
1-7/8 3/16 .188 1.500 3.390
2 16 .065 1.870 1.343
(continued)
151
RounD tuBing
A500 GR B Welded, Seamless DOM

(in.) (in.) (in.)
2 14 .083 1.834 1.699

2 11 .120 1.760 2.409
2 3/16 .188 1.625 3.638
2 1/4 .250 1.500 4.673
2 3/8 .375 1.250 6.508
2-1/8 3/16 .188 1.749 3.900
2-1/8 1/4 .250 1.625 5.1
2-1/8 3/8 .375 1.375 7.010
2-1/4 11 .120 2.010 2.730
2-1/4 1/4 .250 1.750 5.340
2-1/4 5/16 .313 1.624 6.480
2-1/4 3/8 .375 1.500 7.510
2-1/4 1/2 .500 1.250 9.345
2-3/8 1/4 .250 1.875 5.675
2-1/2 11 .120 2.260 3.050
2-1/2 1/4 .250 2.000 6.008
2-1/2 3/8 .375 1.750 8.511
2-1/2 1/2 .500 1.500 10.680
2-3/4 3/16 .188 2.375 5.144
2-7/8 3/16 .188 2.515 5.450
2-7/8 5/16 .313 2.249 8.560
2-7/8 9/16 .563 1.749 13.900
3 16 .065 2.870 2.037
3 11 .120 2.760 3.691
3 3/16 .188 2.625 5.646
3 1/4 .250 2.500 7.343
(continued)
152
RounD tuBing

(in.) (in.) (in.)
3 5/16 .313 2.374 8.98

3 1/2 .500 2.000 13.350
3-1/4 5/32 .156 2.935 5.155
3-1/4 1/4 .250 2.750 8.010
3-1/4 3/16 .188 2.875 6.15
3-1/2** 11 .120 3.260 4.332
3-1/2 1/4 .250 3.000 8.680
3-1/2 5/16 .312 2.875 10.650
3-1/2 1/2 .500 2.500 16.020
3-5/8 1/4 .250 3.125 9.010
3-5/8 3/8 .375 2.875 13.02
3-3/4 3/8 .375 3.000 13.520
3-3/4 1 1.000 1.750 29.370
3-3/4 3/16 .188 3.375 7.15
3-3/4 5/16 .312 3.125 11.49
4* 11 .120 3.760 4.973
4 3/16 .188 3.625 7.654
4 1/4 .250 3.500 10.010
4 1/2 .500 3.00 18.690
4 1 1.000 2.000 32.040
4-1/8 3/8 .375 3.375 15.020
4-1/4 3/8 .375 3.500 15.520
4-3/8 5/16 .312 3.749 13.560
4-1/2 11 .120 4.260 5.613
4-1/2 5/16 .312 3.875 14.000
4-1/2 5/8 .625 3.250 25.870
4-1/2 3/4 .750 3.000 30.040
4-3/4 3/4 .750 3.250 32.040
5* 11 .120 4.760 6.254
5-1/4 1/4 .250 4.500 12.680
5-1/4 3/8 .375 4.500 19.520
5-1/4 5/8 .625 4.000 30.870
(continued)
153
RounD tuBing

(in.) (in.) (in.)
5* 11 .120 4.760 6.254

5-1/4 1/4 .250 4.500 12.680
5-1/4 3/8 .375 4.500 19.520
5-1/4 5/8 .625 4.000 30.870
5-1/2 1/2 .500 4.500 26.700
5-3/4 3/8 .375 5.000 21.530
6 14 .083 5.834 5.245
6* 11 .120 5.760 7.840
6 3/8 .375 5.250 22.530
6-1/2 3/16 .188 6.125 12.670
6-1/2 5/8 .625 5.250 39.220
6-3/4 3/4 .750 5.250 48.060
7 3/8 .375 6.250 26.530
7-1/4 3/8 .375 6.500 27.530
7-3/4 3/4 .750 6.250 56.070
10-3/4 1/2 .500 9.750 54.750
* 4", 5" and 6" O.D. 11 gauge tubing is ASTM 500, with a tensile strength of
58 psi and yield point of 46 psi.
** HRPO
154
SCh. 40 PiPe 21 & 42 ft. stock lengths
Nominal Inside Nominal Wall Inside Outside Weight
Dimension Thickness Dimension Dimension per ft.
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/8 .068 .269 .405 .24
1/4 .088 .364 .540 .43
3/8 .091 .493 .675 .57
1/2 .109 .622 .840 .85
3/4 .113 .824 1.050 1.13
1 .133 1.049 1.315 1.68
1-1/4 .140 1.380 1.660 2.27
1-1/2 .145 1.610 1.900 2.72
2 .154 2.067 2.375 3.65
2-1/2 .203 2.469 2.875 5.79
3 .216 3.068 3.500 7.58
3-1/2 .226 3.548 4.000 9.11
4 .237 4.026 4.500 10.79
5 .258 5.047 5.563 14.62
6 .280 6.065 6.625 18.97
8 .322 7.981 8.625 28.55
10 .365 10.020 10.750 40.48
12 .375 12.000 12.750 49.56
155
galvanizeD SCh. 40 PiPe 21 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 .088 .364 .540 .44
3/8 .091 .493 .675 .63
1/2 .109 .622 .840 .89
3/4 .113 .824 1.050 1.19
1 .133 1.049 1.315 1.76
1-1/4 .140 1.380 1.660 2.38
1-1/2 .145 1.610 1.900 2.86
2 .154 2.067 2.375 3.83
2-1/2 .203 2.469 2.875 6.08
3 .216 3.068 3.500 7.95
4 .237 4.026 4.500 11.39
6 .280 6.065 6.625 19.92
156
SCh. 80 PiPe 21 & 42 ft. stock lengths
(in.) (in.) (in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 .147 .546 .840 1.09
3/4 .154 .742 1.050 1.47
1 .179 .957 1.315 2.17
1-1/4 .191 1.278 1.660 3.00
1-1/2 .200 1.500 1.900 3.63
2 .218 1.939 2.375 5.02
2-1/2 .276 2.323 2.875 7.66
3 .300 2.900 3.500 10.25
3-1/2 .318 3.344 4.000 12.51
4 .337 3.826 4.500 14.98
5 .375 4.813 5.563 20.78
6 .432 5.761 6.625 28.57
8 .500 7.625 8.625 43.39
10 .500 9.750 10.750 54.74
157
158
b rAss , b ronze , c oPPer & c Ast i ron
P roPerties & A PPlicAtions
Brass
C360
Provides superior machinability and is ideally suited for high-
speed machining applications. It is readily soldered and brazed
and has good corrosion resistance. It is used for gears, pinions,
plumbing and screw machining.
C385
A leaded brass, often referred to as “architectural bronze,” that is
readily hot forged, pressed, formed and bended, with good
machinability. Welding is not recommended. It is used in many
architectural and ornamental applications.
Bronze
C932
Bearing bronze with excellent load-capacity and anti-friction
characteristics. It is machinable and is particularly suited for
medium speed, medium load machining. It also resists many
chemicals. Typical applications include machine tools, motors,
automotive uses, cranes and elevators.
C954
The most widely used aluminum bronze. It has excellent strength,
ductility, toughness and resistance to fatigue and deformation when
under shock or overload. It is weldable and typically used for a
variety of industrial applications.
Copper
C110
Provides very high electrical conductivity, ductility and corrosion
resistance. It can be readily hot formed, cold worked, welded and
soldered. Applications include forming, drawing and spinning.
159
c Ast i ron m AteriAl s election for g eArs
Gray
G2 Class 40
The metallurgical characteristics are pearlite matrix and flake
graphite. It is best suited for moderate strength, good wear as-cast,
as well as excellent damping. Examples include balance shaft
gears, lightly loaded drive gears, and large printing press gears.
Ductile
80-55-06
Ferrite with 50% pearlite matrix and nodular graphite make up the
metallurgical characteristics. Being higher in strength, it is best
suited for higher hardness, increased wear, and good heat treat
response when flame or induction hardened. Examples include
balance shaft gears, printing press gears, rotary screw compressors,
and pump gears.
160
BRaSS angle 12 ft. stock lengths
CDA 385 • Tensile Strength: 60 ksi • Yield Point: 20 ksi
Flange x Flange x Thickness Weight per ft.
1 x 1 x 1/8 .89
1-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 3/16 1.91
BRaSS Flat 12 ft. stock lengths

Thickness x Width Weight per ft.
(in. x in.) (lb./ft.)
1/8 x 1 .46
1/8 x 1-1/2 .69
1/8 x 2 .92
1/4 x 1/2 .45
1/4 x 1 .92
1/4 x 1-1/2 1.38
1/4 x 2 1.84
1/4 x 3 2.76
3/8 x 1-1/2 2.07
3/8 x 2 2.76
3/8 x 3 4.15
3/8 x 4 5.53
1/2 x 3/4 1.36
1/2 x 1-1/2 2.76
1/2 x 2 3.68
1/2 x 3 5.53
3/4 x 3 8.29
161
• BRaSS RounD 12 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/8 .04 7/8 2.21
3/16 .10 1 2.89
1/4 .18 1-1/8 3.66
5/16 .28 1-1/4 4.51
3/8 .40 1-3/8 5.50
7/16 .55 1-1/2 6.50
1/2 .72 1-3/4 8.85
5/8 1.13 3 26.00
3/4 1.63
■ BRaSS SquaRe 12 ft. stock lengths

Width Weight per ft. Width Weight per ft.
(in.) (lb./ft.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 .23 1 3.68
1/2 .92 1-1/2 8.28
3/4 2.07
BRaSS hexagon 12 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.)
1 3.19
162
aluminum BRonze Flat 12 ft. stock lengths
Thickness x Width Weight per ft.
(in. x in.) (lb./ft.)
1/2 x 1-1/2 3.13
5/8 x 1-1/2 3.67
3/4 x 1-1/2 4.43
1-1/2 x 3 16.09
• aluminum BRonze RounD 12 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.)
1-1/2 6.51
2 11.17
3-1/2 33.54
4-1/2 56.67
5 79.54
7 133.73
9 220.33
BRonze RounD tuBe 12 ft. stock lengths

Outside Dimension Inside Dimension Weight per ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
2-1/4 1-3/8 11.09
2-1/2 1-3/8 14.63
2-3/4 1 21.54
3-1/2 1-1/4 34.74
6 4-1/2 56.59
9-1/2 8-1/2 71.83
163
CoPPeR Flat 12 ft. stock lengths

1/8 x 1/2 .24 1/4 x 3 2.91
3/16 x 1-1/2 1.09 1/4 x 4 3.84
1/4 x 1 .97 1/2 x 4 7.74
1/4 x 2 1.93
• CoPPeR RounD 12 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.)
1/4 .19
3/8 .43
164
CaSt iRon Flat 12 ft. stock lengths
ClaSS 40
1/2 x 2 3.47 1-1/2 x 8 37.44
1 x 2 9.14 1-3/4 x 8 45.00
1 x 3 12.20 2 x 4 31.28
1 x 3-1/2 14.47 2 x 6 46.00
1 x 5 21.00 3 x 5 49.53
1 x 6 26.00 3 x 6 65.93
1-1/2 x 3 18.36 3 x 8 79.08
1-1/2 x 5 28.66
•ClaSS
CaSt iRon RounD
40

(in.) (lb./ft.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
5/8 1.20 6 97.19
1 3.00 7 131.81
1-1/2 6.33 8 171.98
2 11.00 10 270.79
2-1/2 17.70 12 406.00
3 24.25 13 474.00
3-1/2 33.33 14 551.42
4 49.86 16 717.79
• DuCtile CaSt iRon RounD 12 ft. stock lengths

(in.) (lb./ft.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
6 93.30 13 454.80
8 165.30 16 677.10
12 401.57
165
■ CaSt iRon SquaRe 12 ft. stock lengths

ClaSS 40
(in.) (lb./ft.)
1-1/2 7.25
2 16.53
3 34.50
4 59.94
5 90.02
CaSt iRon RounD tuBe 12 ft. stock lengths

ClaSS 40
Outside Dimension Inside Dimension Weight per ft.
(in.) (in.) (lb./ft.)
8-1/2 3-1/2 166.87
10 6 178.83
11 6 248.98
12 6-1/2 286.90
15 7 506.82
166
gloSSaRy
AISI - American Iron & Steel Institute - an association of North American Steel produc-
ers in response to the need for a cooperative agency in the iron and steel industry for col-
lecting and disseminating statistics and information, carrying on investigations, provid-
ing a forum for the discussion of problems and generally advancing the interests of the
industry. AISI spearheads initiatives to favorably profile the industry’s reputation.
ASME - American Society of Mechanical Engineers - Founded in 1880, this group pro-
motes the art, science and practice of mechanical and multidisciplinary engineering and
allied sciences around the globe.
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials - an international standards

organization that develops and publishes voluntary consensus technical standards for a
wide range of materials, products, systems. Using a consensus process, ASTM supports
thousands of volunteer technical committees, which draw their members from around the
world and collectively develop and maintain more than 12,000 standards.
Abrasion Resistant (AR) Steel: Steel capable of resisting the gradual removal of its sur-
face as a result of contact with another material.
Alloy Steel: Steel with an additional element or increased level of an element, other than
carbon, to alter its mechanical properties. Common alloying elements include nickel,
chromium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon and copper.
Annealing: The process of putting material in its softest form for further
processing. It is usually done through heating to the appropriate temperature, and then
cooling under controlled conditions.
Blanchard Ground – Ground on two sides and leaves a specific finish pattern. This is
technically referred to as rotary surface grinding (removing material to bring within toler-
ance).
Brinell Hardness Number (BHN): Measurement of a metal’s hardness. The higher the
number, the higher its hardness.
Case-Hardening: Process of hardening a ferrous alloy in order to significantly harden its

surface compared to its interior.
Chemical Composition: The combination of elements that determines the

characteristics of a grade of steel.
Cold Rolling/Finishing: Forming process in which steel is drawn through dies at room
temperature, producing tighter tolerances, improved finish and
straightness than hot rolled steel.
167
gloSSaRy
Corrosion: Reaction of steel to its environment resulting in chemical
deterioration of the material.
Ductility: The extent to which a metal can undergo permanent deformation without
fracturing.
Fatigue Resistance: Ability of a metal to withstand repeated stress below its ultimate
strength.
Flash: Excess material that is formed along a welded seam.
Forging: The process of forming hot metal into the desired shape through
hammering or pressing.
Free Machining: Refers to steel that includes additives, typically lead or sulfur, to reduce
power consumption, create a superior surface finish, and increase tool life in cutting
operations.
Galvanizing: Application of a protective zinc coating to cold-reduced sheet, bar or struc-

turals to make the material more corrosion resistant.
Galvannealing: Application of a protective zinc coating, which is then heat

treated to produce a zinc-iron alloy, making it more resistant to corrosion and scratch-
ing than galvanized steel. Galvannealed sheet can be painted or finished without further
preparation. Simple forming and bending will not damage the protective coating.
Gauge – A decimal-of-an-inch. (ie. 16 gauge - .0598”.)
Hardenability: The distribution and depth to which hardness can be induced in a material
through quenching.
Hardness: The extent to which a material can resist penetration or puncturing.
Heat Treatment: Any process in which a metal is heated in order to alter its physical
properties.
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel (HSLA): Group of steels with specifically

formulated chemical compositions to create high mechanical property values and, in
some cases, high resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
Kanban - a scheduling system that tells you what to produce, when to produce it, and
how much to produce. There is a need for purchasing history, and quantity information
in order to establish a Kanban. There are rules to what should be in a Kanban and what
shouldn’t.
168
gloSSaRy
Kerf - The width of a cut.
Killed – Steel deoxidized with a strong deoxidizing agent such as silicon or aluminum
in order to reduce the oxygen content to a minimum so that no reaction occurs between
carbon and oxygen during solidification.
Kitting – the bringing together of multiple different parts that could come from multiple
different processes within the Manufacturing warehouse. Think Bill of Material, you
give us a list of random parts, we give you back all different pieces in the quantities you
ask for, all in one bucket/skid.
Mechanical Properties: A material’s characteristics pertaining to its reaction when a force

is applied or the degree to which it is stressed or strained.
Normalizing: The process of allowing steel to cool from forging heat to room temperature
in order to relieve internal stresses resulting from forging.
Notch Toughness: The degree to which steel can absorb energy without
fracturing.
Pickle: Chemical or electro-chemical removal of surface oxide, followed by an applica-

tion of oil to prevent rust.
Quenching: Rapid cooling of steel in order to create specific mechanical and physical
properties.
Semi-Killed – Variable degrees of uniformity in composition which are intermediate be-

tween those of killed and rimmed steel. They are deoxidized less than killed steels. This
type of steel is used primarily for most applications of structural shapes and plates.
Structural Quality: Material produced under regular manufacturing

specifications and suitable for load-bearing applications.
Tensile Strength: The maximum weight per square inch that a material will carry before
breaking under a slowly applied, gradually increasing load.
Toughness: The degree to which a material can absorb energy and deform
plastically before breaking.
Ultimate Strength: The maximum conventional stress (tensile, compressive, shear) that a
material can withstand per square inch before breaking.
Yield Strength: The load at which a material exceeds its elastic limit and will not return to
its original length or shape if the stress is removed.
169
170
EstimatEd mEchanical ProPErtiEs of stEEl
The mechanical properties shown below are for general information purposes
and are for steels in the as-rolled condition except where noted.
Estimated minimum values for hot rolled and cold drawn carbon steel bars
can normally be expected in sizes ranging from 3/4” to 1 1/4”, and are based
on standard tensile test specimens with 2 inch gauge lengths per ASTM-E8.
Yield strength values shown for the quenched and temperatured condition are
determined by the .2% offset method per ASTM-E8.
casE hardEning or low carbon bars (as rollEd)

Tensile Yield % Hardness Machin-
Condition % Red.
AISI No. Strength Strength Elong. ability
of Steel of Area
KSI KSI in 2” BR. R Rating
M1020 Hot R’d. 55 30 25 50 111 B62 50
1018 Hot R’d. 58 32 25 50 116 B65 52
Cold Dr. 64 54 15 40 126 B70 70
Core: carburized at 1700˚F., cooled, reheated to 1425˚, 350˚ Q & T.
92,00 56 27 48 195 B92
10L18 Cold Dr. 64 54 15 40 126 B70 80
1020 Hot R’d. 55 30 25 50 111 B62 52
1025 TG&P 58 32 25 50 116 B65 50
12L14 Cold Dr. 78 60 10 35 165 B85 180
12L14 +TE Cold Dr. 78 60 10 35 165 B85 250
1215 Cold Dr. 78 60 10 35 165 B85 136
1117 Hot R’d. 62 34 23 47 121 B68 90

Cold Dr. 69 58 15 40 137 B75 90
96.5 59 23 53 195 B92
11L17 Hot R’d. 62 34 23 47 121 B68 100

Cold Dr. 69 58 15 40 137 B75 125
97 60 23 53 197 B92
86L20 Hot R’d. 91 66 25 64 185 B90 88

Cold Dr. 103 86 23 58 210 B95 92
135 105 21 54 262 C26
E4320 Hot R’d. 84 61 29 58 165 B85 55

Cold Dr. 98 81 18 54 205 B94 60
Core: carburized at 1700˚F., cooled, reheated to 1500˚, 300˚ oil Q & T.
218 178 14 48 429
(continued)
171

(continued)
casE hardEning or low carbon bars (as rollEd)

Condition % Red.
of Steel of Area
4615-17 Hot R’d. 82 62 28 65 185 B90 58

Cold Dr. 99 84.6 19 61 210 B95 64
110 80 25 61 229 C20
4620 Hot R’d. 85 63 28 64 185 B90 58

E4620 Cold Dr. 101 85 22 60 207 B90 64
120 89 22 55 248 C24
C8615/ Hot R’d. 82 60 31 62 150 B80 70

8617 Core: carburized at 1700˚F., cooled, reheated to 1550˚, 300˚ oil Q & T.
109 76 17 52 255 C25
8620 Hot R’d. 89 65 25 63 190 B91 60

Cold Dr. 102 85 22 58 210 B95 63
129 99 21 52 255 C25
mEdium carbon or dirEct hardEning bars

Condition % Red.
of Steel of Area
1035 Hot R’d. 72 39.5 18 40 143 B90 65

Water Quenched, 1550˚F.-Tempered 1000˚F.
103 72 23 59 201 B94
M1044 Hot R’d. 80 44 16 40 65
1045 Hot R’d. 82 45 16 40 162 B84 56

Cold Dr. 91 77 12 35 180 B89 65
120 90 18 52 240 C22
1045 TG&P 82 45 16 40 162 B84 56

1137 Cold Dr. 88 48 15 35 180 B89 70
Oil Quenched, 1550˚F.-Tempered 1000˚F.
112 88 21 56 255 C25
1141 Hot R’d. 94 51.5 15 35 190 B91 65

Cold Dr. 105 88 10 30 210 B95 70
126 100 19 54 277 C29
(continued)
172
(continued)

Hardness Machin-
Tensile Yield %
Condition % Red. ability
AISI No. Strength Strength Elong.
of Steel of Area Rating
KSI KSI in 2” BR. R
(C1212=100)
1141 TG&P 94 51.5 15 35 190 B91 65
1141 Drawn,
G&P 105 88 10 30 205 B94 70
11L41 Hot R’d. 94 51.5 15 35 185 B90 95

Cold Dr. 105 88 10 30 205 B94 100
126 101 20 54 277 C29
1144 Hot R’d. 97 53 15 35 210 B95 64

Cold Dr. 108 90 10 30 217 C22 80
129 100.5 18 53 278 C30
E4130 *Hot R’d. 86 56 29 57 185 B90 65

*Cold Dr. 98 87 21 52 200 B93 70
146 133 17 50 293 C31
4140 *Hot R’d. 89 62 26 58 190 B91 57

*Cold Dr. 102 90 18 50 228 B98 66
153 131 16 45 302 C32
4147-50 *Hot R’d. 100 66 21 51 195 B92 54

158 134 14 42 311 C33
41L40-42 *Hot R’d. 91 63 27 58 185 B90 87

*Cold Dr. 103 93 19 51 228 B98 90
156 133 16 44 311 C33
41L47/50 *Hot R’d. 103 69 23 51 205 B94 80

Rounds *Cold Dr. 112 95 16 43 228 B98 85
162 138 14 40 311 C33
4150 *Hot R’d. 103 69 23 51 205 B94 73

Mod. RS Oil Quenched, 1550˚F.-Tempered 1000˚F.
Flats, 160 135 14 41 311 C33
Sqs.
*Annealed (continued)
173

(continued)

Tensile Yield % Hardness Machinability
Condition % Red.
AISI No. Strength Strength Elong. Rating
of Steel of Area
KSI KSI in 2” BR. R (C1212=100)
4340 *Hot R’d. 101 69 21 45 210 B95 45

C4340 *Cold Dr. 111 99 16 42 228 B98 55
182 162 15 40 363 C39
E6150 *Hot R’d. 91 58 22 53 185 B90 50

155 132 15 44 302 C32
E8740 *Cold Dr. 107 96 17 48 228 B98 66
152 129 15 44 302 C32
1095 Hot R’d. 120 66 10 25 271 C28
200 138 12 37 390 C42
52100 *Hot R’d. 100 81 25 57 192 39

*Cold Dr. 107 87.5 17 54 229 41
Spher.
Annl’d
*Annealed
hEat trEatEd bars/minimum mEchanical ProPErtiEs

Properties are at center of bars up to 1 1/2”, and at mid-radius of bars over 1 1/2”. Yield
strength-0.2% or .02% offset as indicated per ASTM-E8.
Min. Surface
Tensile Min. Min. Machin-
Thermal % Hardness
Trade name Strength Yield % ability
Condi- Red.
or Grade (KSI) Range or Strength Elong. Rating
tion of
Min. (KSI) in 2” Brinell HRC (1212=100)
Area
ASTM A182 HR
Gr. F22 C1.3
ASTM A739 N&T 75-95 45 20 45 156/207
C1.BC B22
ASTM A193 HR & CF Thru 11/2” 130 110 16 50 269/321 28/34 55

Gr. B7 QTSR Over 11/2 - 21/2” 125 105 16 50 255/321 25/34 55
ASTM A434 115 95 16 50 255/321 25/34 55
(continued)
Over 21/2 - 4”
C1.BC Over 4 - 7” 110 85 18 50 248/302 24/32 55
Thru 7”
(continued)
174
(continued)

Min. Surface Harness Machin-
Tensile Min. Min.
Thermal % ability
Tradename Strength Yield %
Condi- Red. Rating
or Grade (KSI) Range or Strength Elong.
tion of Brinell HRC (C1212=100)
Min. (KSI) in 2”
Area
MIL-S-1222 HR Thru 21/2” 125 110 18 50 255/302 25/32

Gr. B16 QTSR Over 21/2 -3” 120 110 18 50 255/302 25/32
ASTM A193
Stressproof CD Thru 2” 115 100 8 25 83

ASTM A311 As Drawn Over 2 - 3” 115 100 8 20 83
Heavy Draft Over 3 - 41/2” 115 100 8 20 83
Fatigue- Elevated 140 125 5 15 280 Min. 30 Min. 80
Proof Temp
SAE 1144 Drawn
e.t.d. 150 Elevated 150 130 10 37 302 Min. 32 Min.
Temp
Drawn (Mean) (Mean)
41L40/42/47 125 100 15 45 269/321 27/34 70
HR & CF
QTSR
4150 Norm 241/302 23/32 62

Mod. RS & SR
HR Square Thru 6”
3 -6”
4150 QTSR Thru 11/2” 130 110 16 50 262/311 27/33 62

Mod. RS Over 11/2 - 21/2” 125 105 16 50 262/311 27/33 62
HR Rounds Over 21/2 - 4” 115 95 16 45 262/311 27/33 62
Over 4 - 7” 110 85 16 45 262/311 27/33 62
7 - 91/2” 105 80 15 40 262/321 27/34 62
Over 91/2” 105 80 14 40 262/321 27/34 62
4140/42 QTSR
ASTM A434 HR Over 7” 105 80 15 40 269/321 28/34 55
CLBC CF DGP Thru 1” 110 130 16 50 269/321 28/34 55
(continued)
175

(continued)

Min. Surface Harness Machin-
Tensile Min. Min.
Thermal % ability
Trade-name Strength Yield %
Condi- Red. Rating
or Grade (KSI) Range or Strength Elong.
tion of Brinell HRC (C1212=100)
Min. (KSI) in 2”
Area
4340 HRQTSR Thru 11/2” 155 130 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

ASTM A434
CI.BD TGPQT Over 11/2 - 21/2” 150 120 14 35 302/363 32/39 52
Over 21/2 - 4” 140 110 14 35 302/363 32/39 52
Over 4 - 7” 135 105 14 35 302/363 32/39 52
7 - 91/2” 130 100 14 35 302/363 32/39 52
Over 91/2” 130 100 14 35 302/363 32/39 52
Nitralloy HRQTSR 120 90 16/15 50/40 293 Max. 31 Max. 50

135 CFQTSR 120 90 16 50 285 Max. 30 Max. 50
Mid - rad.
PlatEs - actual ProPErtiEs

Properties shown for annealed and as rolled alloy plate are based on single test result.
They will vary considerably dependent on thickness.
Tensile Yield % % Approx.
Condition
Type Strength Strength Elong. Elong. Brinell
of steel
KSI KSI in 2” in 8” Hardness
General Purpose
1008/1010 As Rolled ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Structural Quality Carbon

ASTM A36, ASME SA36 As Rolled 58 - 80 36 Min. 23 20 137
INX50, EX-TEN 50
ASTM A572(50) As Rolled 65 Min. 50 Min. 21 18 143
Cor-Ten A
ASTM A242 As Rolled 70 Min. 50 Min. ____ 16 156
Cor-Ten B
ASTM A588(A) As Rolled 70 Min. 50 Min. 19 16 156
ASTM A656 Gr. 50 As Rolled 60 Min. 50 Min. ____ 20 123/159

ASTM A656 Gr. 80 As Rolled 95 Min. 80 Min. 18 12 212/255
RQC-100 Q&T 110 100 18 ____ 229
(continued)
176
(continued)
PlatEs - actual ProPErtiEs

Properties shown for annealed and as rolled alloy plate are based on single test result.
They will vary considerably dependent on thickness.
Tensile Yield % % Approx.
Condition
Type Strength Strength Elong. Elong. Brinell
of steel
KSI KSI in 2” in 8” Hardness
T-1 Type A ASTM A514 Gr. B Q&T 110 - 130 100 Min. 16 ____ 235/293
T-1 Type B ASTM A514 Gr. H Q&T 110 - 130 100 Min. 16 ____ 235/293
T-1 ASTM A514 Gr. F Q&T 110 - 130 100 Min. 16 ____ 235/293
T-1 Type C ASTM A514 Gr. Q Q&T 110 - 130 90 Min. 14 ____ 235/293
Pressure Vessel Quality Carbon

ASTM A285, ASME SA285 Gr. C As Rolled 55 - 75 30 Min. 27 23 137
ASTM A516, ASME SA516 Gr. 70 70 - 90 38 Min. 21 17 163
ASTM A387, ASME SA387 Gr. II Ann. 60 - 85 35 Min. 22 19 135/174
ASTM A387, ASME SA387 Gr. 22 N&T 75 - 100 45 Min. 18 ____ 149/207
Intermediate Carbon
AISI 1045 As Rolled 90 50 ____ ____ 187
Improved Machining Carbon

E-Z Cut 20 As Rolled 67 38 31 ____ 133
Clean Cut 20 As Rolled 70 45 30 ____ 163
E-Z Cut 45 As Rolled 92 45 20 ____ 187
Abrasion Resisting
AR Carbon As Rolled ____ ____ ____ ____ 212/255
T-1 Type A
321 Min. BHN Q&T ____ ____ ____ ____ 321 Min.
Wearform 400 Q&T ____ ____ ____ ____ 360/440
Wearform 500 Q&T ____ ____ ____ ____ 477 Min.
Domex 100 As Rolled 110 100 15 ____ 228 Min.
Domex 110 As Rolled 118 110 15 ____ 245 Min.
Through Hardening
4130 As Rolled 90 52 28 ____ 179
4140 Annealed 95 54 25 ____ 197
4340 MTS Annealed 100 58 21 ____ 229
E6150 Annealed 97 55 23 ____ 197
E4150 Norm & Temp. 145 115 14 ____ 262/321
(continued)
177

(continued)
mEchanical tubing
Seamless, Welded, and D.O.M.
SAE No. C** Mn P Max. S Max.
1008/1010 15 Max. 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050

1018 15 - 20 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1020 15 - 25 0.30 - 0.90 ____ ____
1026 21 - 28 0.60 - 0.90 ____ ____
4140/42 38/45 0.70 - 1.00 ____ ____
** Carbon limits are minimum and maximum on check analysis, while the other elements
are subject to SAE Standard Variations for check analyses.
Additional elements include Silicon - .15/.35, chromium - .80/1.00 and molybdenum - .15/.25.
carbon stEEl tubing

SAE Minimum Properties/Not Tested
SAE Strength, PSI % Elong Brinell

Designation Condition Tensile Yield in 2” Hardness
Seamless
1018 Hot Rolled 52,000 32,000 28 107
Cold Drawn 85,000 65,000 10 174
1026 Hot Rolled 70,000 47,000 28 116
Cold Drawn 87,000 72,200 10 179
Welded
1020 HREW 52,000 38,000 12 107
DOM 70,000 60,000 10 140
1026 DOM 85,000 75,000 8 174
Structural
ASTMA500(B) Cold Formed 58,000* 46,000* 23 ____
*Specified Minimum
178
aluminum mEchanical ProPErtiEs
tyPical ProPErtiEs for comParison only

Tension
Ulti-
Strength, % Elong
Bri- mate Endur- Mod. 2
KSI in 2”
Alloy nell Shear ance1 of
and Ulti- 1/16” 1/2” Hard- Strength, Limit, Elast.
Temper mate Yield Th. Th. ness* KSI KSI KSI x 103
1060-0 10 4 43 ____ 19 7 3 10.0
1060-H12 12 11 16 ____ 23 8 4 10.0
1060-H14 14 13 12 ____ 26 9 5 10.0
1060-H16 16 15 8 ____ 30 10 6.5 10.0
1060-H18 19 18 6 ____ 35 11 6.5 10.0
1100-0 13 5 35 45 23 9 5 10.0
1100-H12 16 15 12 25 28 10 6 10.0
1100-H14 18 17 9 20 32 11 7 10.0
1100-H16 21 20 6 17 38 12 9 10.0
1100-H18 24 22 5 15 44 13 9 10.0
1350-0 12 4 ____ ____3 ____ 8 ____ 10.0

1350-H12 14 12 ____ ____ ____ 9 ____ 10.0
1350-H14 16 14 ____ ____ ____ 10 ____ 10.0
1350-H16 18 16 ____ ____ ____ 11 ____ 10.0
1350-H19 27 24 ____ ____4 ____ 15 7 10.0
2011-T3 55 43 ____ 15 95 32 18 10.2

2011-T8 59 45 ____ 12 100 35 18 10.2
2014-0 27 14 ____ 18 45 18 13 10.6

2014-T4, T451 62 42 ____ 20 105 38 20 10.6
2014-T6, T651 70 60 ____ 13 135 42 18 10.6
Alclad 2014-0 25 10 21 ____ ____ 18 ____ 10.5

Alclad 2014-T3 63 40 20 ____ ____ 37 ____ 10.5
Alclad 2014-T4, T451 61 37 22 ____ ____ 37 ____ 10.5
Alclad 2014-T6, T651 68 60 10 ____ ____ 41 ____ 10.5
2017-0 26 20 ____ 22 45 18 13 10.5

2017-T4, T451 62 40 ____ 22 105 38 18 10.5
2018-T61 61 46 ____ 12 120 39 17 10.8
2024-0 27 11 20 22 47 18 13 10.6
224-T3 70 50 18 ____ 120 41 20 10.6
2024-T4, T351 68 47 20 19 120 41 20 10.6
2024-T3615 72 57 13 ____ 130 42 18 10.6
(continued)
179

(continued)

Tension
Ulti-
Strength, % Elong
KSI in 2”
Alclad 2024-0 26 11 20 ____ ____ 18 ____ 10.6

Alclad 2024-T3 65 45 18 ____ ____ 40 ____ 10.6
Alclad 2024-T4, T351 64 62 19 ____ ____ 40 ____ 10.6
Alclad 2024-T3615 67 53 11 ____ ____ 41 ____ 10.6
Alclad 2024-T81, T851 65 60 6 ____ ____ 40 ____ 10.6
Alclad 2024-T8615 70 66 6 ____ ____ 42 ____ 10.2
2025-T6 58 37 ____ 19 110 35 18 10.4

2036-T4 49 28 24 ____ ____ ____ 186 10.3
2117-T4 43 24 ____ 27 70 28 14 10.3
2124-T851 70 64 ____ 8 ____ ____ ____ 10.6
2218-T72 48 37 ____ 11 95 30 ____ 10.8
2219-0 25 11 18 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.6
2219-T42 52 27 20 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.6
2219-T31, T351 52 36 17 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.6
2219-T37 57 46 11 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.6
2219-T62 60 42 10 ____ ____ ____ 15 10.6
2219-T81, T851 66 51 10 ____ ____ ____ 15 10.6
2219-T87 69 57 10 ____ ____ ____ 15 10.6
2618-T61 64 54 ____ 10 115 38 18 10.8
3003-0 16 6 30 40 28 11 7 10.0
3003-H12 19 18 10 20 35 12 8 10.0
3003-H14 22 21 8 16 40 14 9 10.0
3003-H16 26 25 5 14 47 15 10 10.0
3003-H18 29 27 4 10 55 16 10 10.0
Alclad 3003-0 16 6 30 40 ____ 11 ____ 10.0

Alclad 3003-H12 19 18 10 20 ____ 12 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3003-H14 22 21 8 16 ____ 14 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3003-H16 26 25 5 14 ____ 15 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3003-H18 29 27 4 10 ____ 16 ____ 10.0
3004-0 26 10 20 25 45 16 14 10.0
3004-H32 31 25 10 17 52 17 15 10.0
3004-H34 35 29 9 12 63 18 15 10.0
3004-H36 38 33 5 9 70 20 16 10.0
3004-H38 41 36 5 6 77 21 16 10.0
(continued)
180
(continued)

Tension
Ulti-
Strength, % Elong
KSI in 2”
Alclad 3004-0 26 10 20 25 ____ 16 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3004-H32 31 25 10 17 ____ 17 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3004-H34 35 29 9 12 ____ 18 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3004-H36 38 33 5 9 ____ 20 ____ 10.0
Alclad 3004-H38 41 36 5 6 ____ 21 ____ 10.0
3105-0 17 8 24 ____ ____ 12 ____ 10.0

3105-H12 22 19 7 ____ ____ 14 ____ 10.0
3105-H14 25 22 5 ____ ____ 15 ____ 10.0
3105-H16 28 25 4 ____ ____ 16 ____ 10.0
3105-H18 31 28 3 ____ ____ 17 ____ 10.0
3105-H25 26 23 8 ____ ____ 15 ____ 10.0
4032-T6 55 46 ____ 9 120 38 16 11.4

5005-0 18 6 25 ____ 28 11 ____ 10.0
5005-H12 20 19 10 ____ ____ 14 ____ 10.0
5005-H14 23 22 6 ____ ____ 14 ____ 10.0
5005-H16 26 25 5 ____ ____ 15 ____ 10.0
5005-H18 29 28 4 ____ ____ 16 ____ 10.0
5005-H32 20 17 11 ____ 36 14 ____ 10.0
5005-H34 23 20 8 ____ 41 14 ____ 10.0
5005-H36 26 24 6 ____ 46 15 ____ 10.0
5005-H38 29 27 5 ____ 51 16 ____ 10.0
5050-0 21 8 24 ____ 36 15 12 10.0

5050-H32 25 21 9 ____ 46 17 13 10.0
5050-H34 28 24 8 ____ 53 18 13 10.0
5050-H36 30 26 7 ____ 58 19 14 10.0
5050-H38 32 29 6 ____ 63 20 14 10.0
5052-0 28 13 25 30 47 18 16 10.2
5052-H32 33 28 12 18 60 20 17 10.2
5052-H34 38 31 10 14 68 21 18 10.2
5052-H36 40 35 8 10 73 23 19 10.2
5052-H38 42 37 7 8 77 24 20 10.2
5056-0 42 22 ____ 35 65 26 20 10.3

5056-H18 63 59 ____ 10 105 34 22 10.3
5056-H38 60 50 ____ 15 100 32 22 10.3
(continued)
181

(continued)

Tension
Ulti-
Strength, % Elong
KSI in 2”
5083-0 42 21 ____ 22 ____ 25 ____ 10.3

5083-H321, H116 46 33 ____ 16 ____ ____ 23 10.3
5086-0 38 17 22 ____ ____ 23 ____ 10.3

5086-H32, H116 42 30 12 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.3
5086-H34 47 37 10 ____ ____ 27 ____ 10.3
5086-H112 39 19 14 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.3
5154-0 35 17 27 ____ 58 22 17 10.2

5154-H32 39 30 15 ____ 67 22 18 10.2
5154-H34 42 33 13 ____ 73 24 19 10.2
5154-H36 45 36 12 ____ 78 26 20 10.2
5154-H38 48 39 10 ____ 80 28 21 10.2
5154-H112 35 17 25 ____ 63 ____ 17 10.2
5252-H25 34 25 11 ____ 68 21 ____ 10.0

5252-H38, H28 41 35 5 ____ 75 23 ____ 10.0
5254-0 35 17 27 ____ 58 22 17 10.2

5254-H32 39 30 15 ____ 67 22 18 10.2
5254-H34 42 33 13 ____ 73 24 19 10.2
5254-H36 45 36 12 ____ 78 26 20 10.2
5254-H38 48 39 10 ____ 80 28 21 10.2
5254-H112 35 17 25 ____ 63 ____ 17 10.2
5454-0 36 17 22 ____ 62 23 ____ 10.2

5454-H32 40 30 10 ____ 73 24 ____ 10.2
5454-H34 44 35 10 ____ 81 26 ____ 10.2

5454-H111 38 26 14 ____ 70 23 ____ 10.2
5454-H112 36 18 18 ____ 62 23 ____ 10.2
5456-0 45 23 ____ 24 ____ ____ ____ 10.3
5456-H112 45 24 ____ 22 ____ ____ ____ 10.3
5456-H321, H116 51 37 ____ 16 90 30 ____ 10.3
5457-0 19 7 22 ____ 32 12 ____ 10.0
5457-H25 26 23 12 ____ 48 16 ____ 10.0
5457-H38, H28 30 27 6 ____ 55 18 ____ 10.0
(continued)
182
(continued)

Tension
Ulti-
Strength, % Elong
KSI in 2”
5652-0 28 13 25 30 47 18 16 10.2
5652-H32 33 28 12 18 60 20 17 10.2
5652-H34 38 31 10 14 68 21 18 10.2
5652-H36 40 35 8 10 73 23 19 10.2
5652-H38 42 37 7 8 77 24 20 10.2
5657-H25 23 20 12 ____ 40 14 ____ 10.0

5657-H38, H28 28 24 7 ____ 50 15 ____ 10.0
6061-0 18 8 25 30 30 12 9 10.0
6061-T4, T451 35 21 22 25 65 24 14 10.0
6061-T6, T651 45 40 12 17 95 30 14 10.0
Alclad 6061-0 17 7 25 ____ ____ 11 ____ 10.0
Alclad 6061-T4, T451 33 19 22 ____ ____ 22 ____ 10.0
Alclad 6061-T6, T651 42 37 12 ____ ____ 27 ____ 10.0
6063-0 13 7 ____ ____ 25 10 8 10.0
6063-T1 22 13 20 ____ 42 14 9 10.0
6063-T4 25 13 22 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.0
6063-T5 27 21 12 ____ 60 17 10 10.0
6063-T6 35 31 12 ____ 73 22 10 10.0
6063-T83 37 35 9 ____ 82 22 ____ 10.0
6063-T831 30 27 10 ____ 70 18 ____ 10.0
6063-T832 42 39 12 ____ 95 27 ____ 10.0
6066-0 22 12 ____ 18 43 14 ____ 10.0
6066-T4, T451 52 30 ____ 18 90 29 ____ 10.0
6066-T6, T651 57 52 ____ 12 120 34 16 10.0
6070-T6 55 51 10 34 14 10.0
6101-H111 14 11 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.0

6101-T6 32 28 15 ____ 71 20 ____ 10.0
6262-T9 58 55 10 120 35 13 10.0

6463-T1 22 13 20 ____ 42 14 10 10.0
6463-T5 27 21 12 ____ 60 17 10 10.0
6463-T6 35 31 12 ____ 74 22 10 10.0
(continued)
183

(continued)

Tension
Ulti-
Strength, % Elong
KSI in 2”
7050-T451 76 68 ____ 11 ____ 44 ____ 10.4
7075-0 33 15 17 16 60 22 ____ 10.4
7075-T6, T651 83 73 11 11 150 48 23 10.4
Alclad 7075-0 32 14 17 ____ ____ 22 ____ 10.4

Alclad 7075-T6, T651 76 67 11 ____ ____ 46 ____ 10.4
7178-0 33 15 15 16 ____ ____ ____ 10.4

7178-T6, T651 88 78 10 11 ____ ____ ____ 10.4
7178-T76, T7651 83 73 ____ 11 ____ ____ ____ 10.3
Alclad 7178-0 32 14 16 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.4

Alclad 7178-T6, T651 81 71 10 ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.4
*500 kg load; 10mm ball.
1. Based on 500,000,000 cycles of completely reversed stress using the R. R. Moore type of machine and specimen.
2. Average of tension and compression moduli. Compression modulus is about 2% greater than tension modulus.
3. 1350-0 wire will have an elongation of approximately 23% in 10 inches.
4. 1350-H19 wire will have an elongation of approximately 1 1/2% in 10 inches.
5. Tempers T361 and T861 were formerly designated T36 and T86.
6. Based on 107 cycles using flexural type testing of sheet specimens.
184
mEchanical ProPErtiEs of nickEl
minimum ProPErtiEs at room tEmPEraturE

Tensile Strength Yield Strength % Elongation
Grade Condition KSI (0.2% Offset) KSI in 2”
20 HR Annealed Plate 80.0 35.0 30
200 HR Bar 60.0 15.0 35

CD Bar 75.0 - 80.0 50.0 - 60.0 10 - 15
CR Annealed Sheet 55.0 15.0 40
HR Annealed Plate 55.0 15.0 40
254SMO CD Bar 94.0 44.0 35

HR Annealed Bar 100.0 41.0 40

C276
HR Annealed Bar 70.0 30.0 30

330 CR Annealed Sheet 70.0 30.0 30
400 HR Bar 70.0 - 80.0 25.0 - 40.0 30 - 35

CD Bar 110.0 85.0 8
CD SR Bar 84.0 - 87.0 50.0 - 60.0 10 - 25
HR Annealed Plate 70.0 -85.0 28.0 35
R405 CD Hexes 85.0 - 110.0 50.0 8 - 15

CD SR Bar 85.0 - 110.0 50.0 8 - 15
K500 HR Bar 140.0 100.0 20

HR Annealed Bar 130.0 85.0 - 90.0 20
HR Forging Quality Bar 140.0 100.0 20
HF Aged Bar 140.0 100.0 20
CD Bar 135.0 - 145.0 95.0 - 110.0 15 - 20
CD Annealed Bar 130.0 85.0 - 90.0 20
CD Annealed Aged Bar 130.0 85.0 - 90.0 20
600 HR Annealed Bar 85.0 35.0 30

CD Bar 105.0 - 120.0 80.0 - 90.0 7 - 12
625 HR Annealed Plate 120.0 60.0 30
800H HR Annealed Bar 65.0 25.0 30

800AT HR Annealed Plate 65.0 25.0 30

(continued)
185
mEchanical ProPErtiEs of nickEl

(continued)
minimum ProPErtiEs at room tEmPEraturE

Tensile Strength Yield Strength % Elongation
Grade Condition KSI (0.2% Offset) KSI in 2”
825 HR Annealed Bar 85.0 35.0 30
dEnsitiEs of nickEl
Density Conversion Density Conversion
Alloy Alloy
lbs. per cu. in. Factor lbs. per cu. in. Factor
200 .321 1.006 718 .296 .928
201 .321 1.006 X-750 .298 .934
400 .319 1.000 751 .298 .934
R-405 .319 1.000 800 .290 .909
K-500 .306 .959 802 .283 .887
600 .304 .953 825 .294 .922
601 .291 .912 C902 .293 .918
625 .305 .956 20 .292 .900
coPPEr alloys
tyPical mEchanical ProPErtiEs

SAE Minimum Properties/Not Tested
C110 C360 C464 C485 C932 C954
H04 H02 H02 H02 As Cast As Cast
Tensile KSI 48 58 75 75 35 85
Yield KSI 44 45 53 53 20 32
Elongation % in 2” 16 25 22 15 10 12
Rockwell Hardness 80F min. 60/80B 82B 82B
ASTM Specs. B133/187 B16 B21 B21 B505 B505
(continued)
186
stainlEss stEEl findEr
(continued)
austEnitic.chromE-nickEl
(Non-Hardening)
303 304 304L 309 310 316 316L 321
Chemical Comp. (%)

Chromium 17. - 19. 18. - 20. 18. - 20. 22. - 24. 24. - 26. 16. - 18. 16. - 18. 17. -19.
Nickel 8. - 10. 8. - 11. 8. - 11. 12. - 15. 19. - 22. 10. - 14. 10. - 14. 9. - 12.
Other Elements (a) 5.15 - .4 ____ ____ ____ ____ Mo 2. - 3. Mo 2. - 3. Ti5xCmin
Carbon 15 max .08 max .03 max .20 max .25 max .08 max .03 max .08 max
Manganese 2. max 2. max 2. max 2. max 2. max 2. max 2. max 2. max
Silicon 1. max 1.max 1. max 1. max 1.5 max 1. max 1. max 1. max
Machinability Rating 70 48 48 ____ ____ 45 45 50
Physical Data
Melting-˚F 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550
Density-lb./in. 3 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Specific Heat-
Btu˚F/lb(32-212F) 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
Thermal conductivity
BTU/ft 3 /hr/˚F/ft:
212 F 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.0 8.0 9.4 9.4 9.3
932 F 12.4 12.4 12.4 10.8 10.8 12.4 12.4 12.8
Mean Coeffi. of
exp.-in/in˚F x 10 6
68-212F 9.2 9.2 9.2 8.7 8.0 9.2 9.2 8.3
68 to indicated-˚F 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.7 10.7 10.6
(1600) (1600) (1600) (2100) (2100) (1600) (1600) (1700)
Electrical Prop.
Magnetic permeability 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.02 1.02
Electrical-resistivity-
68 F 72.0 72.0 72.0 78.0 78.0 74.0 72.0 72.0
1200 F 116.0 116.0 116.0 114.8 ____ 116.0 116.0 ____
Heat Resist.
Max. operating ˚F
Intermittent 1400 1600 1600 1800 1900 1600 1600 1600
Continuous 1700 1700 1700 2000 2100 1700 1700 1700
(continued)
187

(continued)
austEnitic.chromE-nickEl
(Non-Hardening)
303 304 304L 309 310 316 316L 321
Temperatures - ˚F
Forging - start 2250 2200 2200 2150 2150 2200 2200 2200
Forging - finish 1700 1700 1700 1800 1800 1700 1700 1700
Annealing - Ranges 1800- 1800- 1800- 2050- 2050- 1975- 1800- 1800-
Annealing - cooling (b) 2000 1950 1950 2150 2150 2150 2000 2000
Hardening - ranges WQ WQ(AC) AC WQ(AC) WQ(AC) WQ(AC) AC WQ(AC)
Quenching (O) Oil, (A) Air
Tempering - for hardness Hardening only by cold working
Drawing - for stress relieving
Mech. Prop. (nominal) anld.

Structure annealed (SA) A A A A A A A A
Yield strength-KSI-min. 35 35 30 40 30 35 30 35
Ultimate strength
KSI-min. 90 85 80 95 75 85 75 85
Elong-%
in 2 inches-min 50 55 55 45 40 60 60 55
Red. in area-% min. 55 70 70 65 50 70 70 65
Mod. of elast.-
lb/in.2 x 106 29 29 29 29 30 29 29 29
Hardness-Brinell (max) 160 min 180 180 200 180 200 180 200
Hardness-Rockwell (max) B80 min B90 B90 B95 B90 B95 B90 B95
Impact values-lzod
-ft-lb (min) 60 85 80 80 80 70 80 80
Mech. Prop.-HT
Yield strength-KSI In the case of the chromium-nickel types, mechanical properties higher than in the
Ultimate strength-KSI annealed condition are only produced by cold rolling or cold drawing, and ultimate
Elongation strengths up to 350,000 psi for wire and 250,000 psi for strip can be obtained. Within
-% in 2 inches those limits standard requirements of 1/4 hard, 1/2 hard, 3/4 hard and full hard are
Hardness-Brinell furnished.
Hardness-Rockwell
Creep Strength
KSI at 1000 F
1% Flow in 10,000 hr ____ 19 19 22 32 24 24 18
1% Flow in 100,000 hr ____ 13 13 12 17 15 15 10.8
(continued)
188
(continued)
martEnistic/chromE
Martenistic/Chrome Ferretic
(Hardenable) (Non-Hardenable)
410 416 440C 430
Chemical Comp. (%)

Chromium 11. - 14. 12. - 14. 16. - 18. 16. - 18.
Nickel .50 max .50 max .075 max .50 max
Other Elements (a) ____ 5.15 min Mo. 40 - 65 ____
Carbon .15 max .15 max .95 - 1.2 .12 max

Manganese 1. max 1.25 1.0 1. max
Silicon 1. max 1.00 1.0 1. max
Machinability Rating 60 90 40 ____
Physical Data:
Melting-˚F 2700 2700 2500 2600
Density-lb./in. 3 .028 0.28 0.28 0.28
Specific Heat-
Btu˚F/lb(32-212F) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11
Thermal conductivity
BTU/ft 2 /hr/˚F/ft:
212 F 14.4 14.4 14.0 ____
932 F 16.6 16.6 ____ ____
Mean Coeffi. of
exp.-in/in˚F x 10 6
68-212F 5.5 5.6 5.8 5.6
68 to indicated-˚F 6.4 (1300) 6.8 (1300) 6.2 (1600) 6.6 (1500)
Electrical Prop.
Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic Magnetic
Magnetic permeability
Electrical-resistivity-
57.0 57 60.0 60.0
68 F ____ ____ ____
108.7
1200 F
Heat Resist.
Max. operating ˚F
Intermittent 1500 1400 1500 1600
Continuous 1300 1250 1400 1500
(continued)
189
(continued)
martEnistic/chromE
Martenistic/Chrome Ferretic
(Hardenable) (Non-Hardenable)
410 416 440C 430
Temperatures - ˚F
Forging - start 2100 2200 2100 2100
Forging - finish 1600 1600 1600 1300
Annealing - Ranges 1500- 1500- 1550- 1400-
1650 1650 1650 1500
Annealing - cooling (b) SFC SC FC FC
Hardening - ranges 1700- 1700- 1850- ____
1850 1800 1900 ____
Quenching (O) Oil, (A) Air O or A O or A O or A ____
( )
Tempering - for hardness
Drawing - for stress Temper over 1100 F.
relieving Draw over 700 F. ____
Mech. Prop. anld.

Structure annealed FC FC FC FC
Yield strength-KSI-min. 40 40 65 45
Ultimate strength KSI-min. 75 75 110 75
Elongation
-% in 2 inches-min 35.0 30.0 14.0 30.0
Red. in area-% min. 70.0 65.0 25.0 65.0
Mod. of elast.- lb/in.2 x 106 29.0 29.0 30.0 29.0
Hardness-Brinell (max) 200 180 260 200
Hardness-Rockwell (max) B95 B90 B105 B95
Impact values-lzod
-ft-lb (min) 85 ____ Low 3 - 85
Mech. Prop.-HT
Yield strength-KSI-Min. 105 100 ____
____
Ultimate strength-KSI-Min. 125 125 ____
____
Elongation -% in 2 inches-Min. 18 10 ____
____
% Reduction of Area-Min. 50 35 ____
____
Hardness-Brinell 269 - 321 258 Min. ____
____
Hardness-HRC 28 - 34 26 Min. 59 Min.
Creep Strength
KSI at 1000 F
1% Flow in 10,000 hr 12 ____ ____ 8.5
1% Flow in 100,000 hr 11 ____ ____ 6.5
(a) Phosphorus and Sulfur are present.

(b) Thin sections of the 300 Series, marked WQ(AC) are usually air cooled; heavy sections, water quenched.
AC = Air Cool. FC = Furnace Cool. SFC = Slow Furnace Cool. WQ = Water Quench. SA = Solution
Annealed. A = Austenite.
190
saE bar comPositions
rEfErEncE astm a29 & saE J403

Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels
SAE No. C Mn P Max. S Max.
1005 0.06 max 0.35 max .040 .050

1006 0.08 max 0.25 - 0.40 .040 .050
1008 0.10 max 0.30 - 0.50 .040 .050
1010 0.08 - 0.13 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1011 0.08 - 0.13 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1012 0.10 - 0.15 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1013 0.11 - 0.16 0.50 - 0.80 .040 .050
1015 0.13 - 0.18 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1016 0.13 - 0.18 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1017 0.15 - 0.20 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1018 0.15 - 0.20 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1019 0.15 - 0.20 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
1020 0.18 - 0.23 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
M1020 0.17 - 0.24 0.25 - 0.60 .040 .050
1021 0.18 - 0.23 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1022 0.18 - 0.23 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
1023 0.20 - 0.25 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1025 0.22 - 0.28 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1026 0.22 - 0.28 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1029 0.25 - 0.31 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1030 0.28 - 0.34 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1034 0.32 - 0.38 0.50 - 0.80 .040 .050
1035 0.32 - 0.38 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1037 0.32 - 0.38 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
1038 0.35 - 0.42 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1039 0.37 - 0.44 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
1040 0.37 - 0.44 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1042 0.40 - 0.47 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1043 0.40 - 0.47 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
1044 0.43 - 0.50 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
M1044 0.43 - 0.50 0.25 - 0.60 .040 .050
1045 0.43 - 0.50 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1046 0.43 - 0.50 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
*Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and manganese ranges than
standard steels. (continued)
191

(continued)

Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels
1049 0.46 - 0.53 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050

1050 0.48 - 0.55 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1053 0.48 - 0.55 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .050
1055 0.50 - 0.60 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1059 0.55 - 0.65 0.50 - 0.80 .040 .050
1060 0.55 - 0.65 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1064 0.60 - 0.70 0.50 - 0.80 .040 .050
1065 0.60 - 0.70 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1069 0.65 - 0.75 0.40 - 0.70 .040 .050
1070 0.65 - 0.75 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1071 0.65 - 0.70 0.75 - 1.05 .040 .050
1074 0.70 - 0.80 0.50 - 0.80 .040 .050
1075 0.70 - 0.80 0.40 - 0.70 .040 .050
1078 0.72 - 0.85 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .050
1080 0.75 - 0.88 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1084 0.80 - 0.93 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1086 0.80 - 0.93 0.30 - 0.50 .040 .050
1090 0.85 - 0.98 0.60 - 0.90 .040 .050
1095 0.90 - 1.03 0.30 - 0.50 .040 .050
*Prefix M denotes merchant quality grades with wider carbon and manganese ranges than standard steels.
When Silicon is Required, the following ranges and limits are commonly used for basic oxygen steel grades:
Standard Steel Designation Silicon Ranges or Limits

Up to 1015 Excl. 0.10 max
1015 to 1025 incl. 0.10 max, 0.10/0.20, or 0.15/0.35
Over 1025 0.10/0.20, or 0.15/0.35
When lead or copper are required, they are added elements to a standard steel. Lead is
generally added in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 0.35%.
(continued)
192
Nonresulfurized Carbon Steels, High Manganese Carbon Steel1
1513 0.10 - 0.16 1.10 - 1.40 .040 .050

1518 0.15 - 0.21 1.10 - 1.40 .040 .050
1522 0.18 - 0.24 1.10 - 1.40 .040 .050
1524 0.19 - 0.25 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .050
1525 0.23 - 0.29 0.80 - 1.10 .040 .050
1526 0.22 - 0.29 1.10 - 1.40 .040 .050
1527 0.22 - 0.29 1.20 - 1.50 .040 .050
1536 0.30 - 0.37 1.20 - 1.50 .040 .050
1541 0.36 - 0.44 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .050
1547 0.43 - 0.51 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .050
1548 0.44 - 0.52 1.10 - 1.40 .040 .050
1551 0.45 - 0.56 0.85 - 1.15 .040 .050
1552 0.47 - 0.55 1.20 - 1.50 .040 .050
1561 0.55 - 0.65 0.75 - 1.05 .040 .050
1566 0.60 - 0.71 0.85 - 1.15 .040 .050
1572 0.65 - 0.76 1.00 - 1.30 .040 .050
rEsulfurizEd carbon stEEls

Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
SAE No.* C Mn P Max. S Max.
1108 0.08 - 0.13 0.60 - 0.80 .040 .08 - .13

1110 0.08 - 0.13 0.30 - 0.60 .040 .08 - .13
1117 0.14 - 0.20 1.00 - 1.30 .040 .08 - .13
1116 0.14 - 0.20 1.10 - 1.40 .040 .16 - .23
1118 0.14 - 0.20 1.30 - 1.60 .040 .08 - .13
1119 0.14 - 0.20 1.00 - 1.30 .040 .24 - .33
1137 0.32 - 0.39 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .08 - .13
1139 0.35 - 0.430 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .13 - .20
1140 0.37 - 0.440 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .08 - .13
1141 0.37 - 0.450 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .08 - .13
1144 0.40 - 0.480 1.35 - 1.65 .040 .24 - .33
1145 0.42 - 0.490 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .04 - .07
1146 0.42 - 0.490 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .08 - .13
1151 0.48 - 0.550 0.70 - 1.00 .040 .08 - .13
(continued)
193

(continued)
rEPhosPhorizEd carbon stEEl
Heat Chemical Ranges and Limits
SAE No.* C Mn P S Pb
1211 0.13 max. 0.60 - 0.90 .07 - .12 .10 - .15 ____
1212 0.13 max. 0.70 - 1.00 .07 - .12 .16 - .23 ____
1213 0.13 max. 0.70 - 1.00 .07 - .12 .24 - .33 ____
12L13 0.13 max. 0.70 - 1.00 .07 - .12 .24 - .33 .15 - .35
1215 0.09 max. 0.75 - 1.05 .04 - .09 .26 - .35 ____
12L14 0.15 max. 0.85 - 1.15 .04 - .09 .26 - .35 .15 - .35
12L15 0.09 max. 0.75 - 1.05 .04 - .09 .26 - .35 .15 - .35
(Ledloy 300)
*All are basic oxygen steels.

When lead or copper are required, they are added elements to a standard steel. Lead is generally added
in amounts ranging from 0.15 to 0.35%. Such a steel is identified by inserting the letter “L” between the
second and third numbers of the AISI number (example; 12L14).
standard alloy stEEls

Basic Oxygen and Electric Furnace
Other
SAE No.* C Mn NI CR Mo Elements
Molybdenum Steels
4012 .09 - 0.14 0.75 - 1.00 ____ ____ .15 - .25 a,b
4023 .20 - 0.25 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4024 .20 - 0.25 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 b,c
4027 .25 - 0.30 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4028 .25 - 0.30 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 b,c
4032 .30 - 0.35 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4037 .35 - 0.40 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4042 .40 - 0.45 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4047 .45 - 0.50 0.70 - 0.90 ____ ____ .20 - .30 a,b
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
4118 .18 - 0.23 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.40 - .60 .08 - .15 a,b
4130 .28 - 0.33 0.40 - 0.60 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4135 .33 - 0.38 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4137 .35 - 0.40 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4140 .38 - 0.43 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4142 .40 - 0.45 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4145 .43 - 0.48 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are oxygen steels.
(a) Phosphorus content for basic oxygen process steel is .035%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
Sulfur content for basic oxygen process steel is .040%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
(b) Silicon content is .15 to .035%.
(c) Sulfur content is .035 to .050%
(continued)
194
(continued)

Other
Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
4147 .45 - 0.50 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4150 .48 - 0.53 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 - .25 a,b
4161 .56 - 0.64 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 .25 - .35 a,b
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
4320 .17 - 0.22 .45- 0.65 1.65 - 2.00 0.40 - 0.60 .20 - .30 a,b
4340 .38 - 0.43 .60- 0.80 1.65 - 2.00 0.70 - 0.90 .20 - .30 a,b
E4340 .38 - 0.43 .65- 0.85 1.65 - 2.00 0.70 - 0.90 .20 - .30 a,b
Nickel 1.75%-Molybdenum 0.25% Steel
4615 .13 - 0.18 0.45 - 0.65 1.65 - 2.00 ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4620 .17 - 0.22 0.45 - 0.65 1.65 - 2.00 ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4621 .18 - 0.23 0.70 - 0.90 1.65 - 2.00 ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4626 .24 - 0.29 0.45 - 0.65 0.70 - 1.00 ____ .15 - .25 a,b
Nickel 1.05%-Chromium 0.45%-Molybdenum 0.20%
4718 .16 - 0.21 0.70 - 0.90 0.90 - 1.20 0.35 - 0.55 .30 - .40 a,b
4720 .17 - 0.22 0.50 - 0.70 0.90 - 1.20 0.35 - 0.55 .15 - .25 a,b
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all other analyses are oxygen steels.
Sulfur content for basic oxygen process steel is .040%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
(b) Silicon content is .15 to .035%.
(c) Sulfur content is .035 to .050%
Nickel 3.50%-Molybdenum 0.25%

Other
4815 .13 - 0.18 0.40 - 0.60 3.25 - 3.75 ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4817 .15 - 0.20 0.40 - 0.60 3.25 - 3.75 ____ .20 - .30 a,b
4820 .18 - .23 0.50 - 0.70 3.25 - 3.75 ____ .20 - .30 a,b
Chromium Steel
5017 .12 - 0.17 0.30 - 0.50 ____ 0.30 - 0.50 ____ a,b
5046 .43 - 0.48 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.20 - 0.35 ____ a,b
5115 .13 - 0.18 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5117 .15 - 0.20 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5120 .17 - 0.22 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5130 .28 - 0.33 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 ____ a,b
5132 .30 - 0.35 0.60 - 0.80 ____ 0.75 - 1.00 ____ a,b
(continued)
195

(continued)

Other
Chromium Steel
5135 .33 - 0.38 0.60 - 0.80 ____ 0.80 - 1.05 ____ a,b
5140 .38 - 0.43 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5145 .43 - 0.48 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5147 .46 - 0.51 0.70 - 0.95 ____ 0.85 - 1.15 ____ a,b
5150 .48 - 0.53 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5155 .51 - 0.59 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
5160 .56 - 0.64 0.75 - 1.00 ____ 0.70 - 0.90 ____ a,b
E50100 .98 - 1.10 0.25 - 0.45 ____ 0.40 - 0.60 ____ a,b
E51100 .98 - 1.10 0.25 - 0.45 ____ 0.90 - 1.15 ____ a,b
E52100 .98 - 1.10 0.25 - 0.45 ____ 1.30 - 1.60 ____ a,b
Chromium-Vanadium Steels
6118 .16 - 0.21 0.50 - 0.70 ____ 0.50 - 0.70 .10 - .15V a,b
6150 .48 - 0.53 0.70 - 0.90 ____ 0.80 - 1.10 .15 min. V a,b
Nickel 0.55%-Chromium 0.50%-Molybdenum 0.20%-0.30%
8615 .13 - 0.18 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8617 .15 - 0.20 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8620 .18 - 0.23 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8622 .20 - 0.25 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8625 .23 - 0.28 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8627 .25 - 0.30 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8630 .28 - 0.33 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8637 .35 - 0.40 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8640 .38 - 0.43 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8642 .40 - 0.45 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8645 .43 - 0.48 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8650 .48 - 0.53 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 ____
8655 .51 - 0.59 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 a,b
8660 .56 - 0.64 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .15 - .25 ____
8720 .18 - 0.23 0.70 - 0.90 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .20 - .30 a,b
8740 .38 - 0.43 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .20 - .30 a,b
8822 .20 - 0.25 0.75 - 1.00 0.40 - 0.70 0.40 - 0.60 .30 - .40 a,b
9260 .56 - 0.64 0.75 - 1.00 ____ ____ ____ a,c
(continued)
196
(continued)

Other
Nickel 3.25%-Chromium 1.20%-Molybdenum 0.10%
E9310 .07 - .13 .40 - .70 3.00 - 3.50 1.00 - 1.40 .08 - .15 a,b
*Prefix E denotes electric furnace steel; all others are basic oxygen steels.
Sulfur content for basic oxygen steel is .040%; for electric furnace steel, .025%.
SILICON CONTENT: (b) .15 to .35%, (c) 1.80 to 2.20.
Standard Boron Steels

(Boron content of 0.0005% to 0.003%)
SAE No.* C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo
50B40 .38 - 0.43 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 ____ .40 - .60 ____
50B44 .43 - 0.48 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 ____ .40 - .60 ____
50B46 .44 - 0.49 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 ____ .20 - .35 ____
50B50 .48 - 0.53 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 ____ .40 - .60 ____
50B60 .56 - 0.64 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 ____ .40 - .60 ____
51B60 .56 - 0.64 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 ____ .70 - .90 ____
81B45 .43 - 0.48 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 0.20 - 0.40 .35 - .55 .08 - .15
86B45 .43 - 0.48 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 0.40 - 0.70 .40 - .60 .15 - .25
94B15 .13 - 0.18 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 0.30 - 0.60 .30 - .50 .08 - .15
94B17 .15 - 0.20 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 0.30 - 0.60 .30 - .50 .08 - .15
94B30 .28 - 0.33 0.75 - 1.00 .15 - .35 0.30 - 0.60 .30 - .60 .08 - .15
Phosphorus is 0.35% max., sulfur, 0.040% max.
NOTES ON ALLOY STEELS

• Grades shown with prefix letter E are normally made by the electric furnace process. All others are normally
manufactured by basic oxygen processes but may be manufactured by the electric furnace process with adjustments
in phosphorus and sulfur.
• Phosphorus and sulfur limits for each process are:
Maximum Percent
Steel Making Process
P S
Basic electric furnace 0.025 0.025

Basic Oxygen 0.040 0.050
• Small quantities of certain elements are present in alloy steels which are not specified or required. Elements
considered incidental which may be present to the following maximum amounts: copper, 0.35%; nickel, 0.25%;
chromium, 0.20%; and molybdenum, 0.06%, per ASTM A304.
• Where minimum and maximum sulfur content is shown it is indicative of resulfurized steel.
• Standard alloy steels can be produced with a lead range of 0.15 to 0.35%. Such steels are identified by inserting
the letter “L” between the second and third numerals of the SAE number (example: 41L40). Ladle analysis for
lead is not determinable since lead is added to the ladle stream while ingot is poured.
(continued)
197
saE PlatE comPositions

(continued)

Other
SAE No.* C Mn Ni Cr Mo Elements
4130 .27 - 0.34 .35 - .60 ____ .80 - 1.15 .15 - .25 a,b
4140 .36 - 0.44 .70 - 1.00 ____ .80 - 1.15 .15 - .25 a,b
E4150 .46 - 0.54 .75 - 1.10 ____ .80 - 1.15 .15 - .25 b,e
4340 .36 - 0.44 .55 - .80 1.65 - 2.00 .60 - 0.90 .20 - .30 a,b
6150 .46 - 0.54 .60 - .90 ____ .80 - 1.15 ____ a,b,c
8615 .12 - 0.18 .60 - .90 .40 - 0.70 .35 - .60 .15 - .25 a,b
8617 .15 - 0.21 .60 - .90 .40 - 0.70 .35 - .60 .15 - .25 a,b
8620 .17 - 0.23 .60 - .90 .40 - 0.70 .35 - .60 .15 - .25 a,b
198
chEmical comPosition of nickEl
Grade Ni Co Cr Mo W Fe Si Mn C Al Ti Cu N B S P Others
20 32.0-38.0 ____ 19.0-21.0 2.0-3.0 ____ BALANCE 1.0* 2.0* 0.07* ____ ____ 3.0-4.0 ____ ____ 0.035* 0.045* Cb + Ta-1.00* shall
12.5-14.5 be 8 times C min.
C-22 BALANCE 2.5* 20.0-22.5 2.5-3.5 2.0-6.0 0.2* 1.0* 0.02* ____ ____ 0.5* ____ ____ 0.015* 0.03* V-0.035*
200 99.0 b ____ ____ ____ ____ 0.40* 0.35* 0.35* 0.15* ____ ____ 0.25* ____ ____ 0.01*
201 99.0 b ____ ____ ____ ____ 0.40* 0.35* 0.35 0.02* ____ ____ 0.25* ____ ____ 0.01*
254SMO 17.5-18.5 ____ 19.5-20.5 6.0-6.5 ____ BALANCE 0.80* 0.2-1.0 0.02* ____ ____ 0.5-1.0 0.18-0.22 ____ 0.01* 0.03*
C-276 BALANCE 2.5* 14.5-16.5 15.0-17.0 3.0-4.5 4.0-7.0 0.08* 1.0* 0.01* ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 0.03* 0.04* V-0.035*
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
330 34.0-37.0 17.0-20.0 BALANCE 0.75-1.5 2.0* 0.08* 0.5* 0.03* 0.03* Pb-0.005*
Sn-0.025*
400 63.0-70.0 1.0* ____ ____ ____ 2.5* 0.50* 2.0* 0.2* 0.5* ____ 28.0-34.0 ____ ____ 0.015*
199
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
R-405 63.0-70.0 1.0* 2.5* 0.5* 2.0* 0.3* 0.50* 28.0-34.0 0.025 to .06
K-500 63.0-70.0 ____ ____ ____ ____ 2.0* 0.5* 1.5* 0.25* 2.3-3.15 0.35-0.85 26.0-33.0 ____ ____ 0.01* 0.1*
600 72.00 b 1.0* 14.0-17.0 ____ ____ 6.0-10.0 0.50* 1.00* 0.15* 0.35* 0.50* 0.5* ____ ____ 0.015* 0.04* Cb + Ta-1.0*
____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
601 58.0-63.0 21.0-25.0 BALANCE 0.5* 1.0* 0.1* 1.0-1.7 1.0* 0.015*
617 44.5 b 10.0-15.0 20.0-24.0 8.0-10.0 ____ 3.0* 1.0* 1.0* 0.05-0.15 0.8-1.5 0.6* 0.5* ____ 0.006* 0.015*
625 58.0 b 1.0* 20.0-23.0 8.0-10.0 ____ 5.0* 0.50* 0.50* 0.10* 0.40* 0.40* ____ ____ ____ 0.015* 0.015* Cb + Ta-3.15 to 4.15
718 50.0-55.0 1.0* 17.0-21.0 2.8-3.0 ____ BALANCE 0.35* 0.35* 0.08* 0.2-0.8 0.65-1.15 0.3* ____ 0.006* 0.015* 0.015* Cb-4.75 to 5.50
800H 30.0-35.0 2.0* 19.0-23.0 ____ ____ 39.5 b 1.0* 1.5* 0.05-0.10 0.15-0.6 0.15-0.60 0.75* ____ ____ 0.015*
800HT 30.0-35.0 2.0* 19.0-23.0 ____ ____ 39.5 b 1.0* 1.5* 0.05-0.10 0.15-0.6 0.15-0.60 0.75* ____ ____ 0.015*
825 38.0-46.0 2.0* 19.5-23.5 2.5-3.5 ____ 22.0 b 0.5* 1.0* 0.05* 0.2* 0.6-1.2 1.5-3.0 ____ ____ 0.03*
904L 23.0-28.0 ____ 19.0-23.0 4.0-5.0 ____ BALANCE 1.0* 2.0* 0.02* ____ ____ 1.0-2.0 ____ ____ 0.035* 0.045*
2205 4.5-6.5 ____ 21.0-23.0 2.5-3.5 ____ ____ 1.0* 2.0* 0.03* ____ ____ ____ 0.08-0.20 ____ 0.02* 0.03*
*Maximum
b Minimum
chEmical comPosition of coPPEr alloys

(Nominal)-Other trace elements may be present.
C110 C360 C464 C485 C932 C954
% Copper 99.9 61.5 60.00 60.00 83.0 85.0
% Lead ____ 3.0 ____ 1.75 7.0 ____
% Zinc ____ 25.5 39.25 37.5 3.0 ____
% Tin ____ ____ .75 .75 7.0 ____
% Iron ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 4.0
% Aluminum ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 10.0
aluminum shEEt thicknEss

tolErancEs (inchEs +/-)
By alloy group and width range

Thru 39.37 39.38 - 59.06 59.07 - 78.74
1100,3003 1100,3003 1100,3003

5005,5052 2024 5005,5052 2024 5005,5052 2024
Nom. 5083,5086 7075 5083,5086 7075 5083,5086 7075
Thick. 6061 6061 6061
.190 .007 .0055 .009 .007 .011 .009
.160 .007 .0055 .009 .007 .011 .009
.125 .0045 .0035 .0055 .0035 .007 .0045
.100 .0045 .0035 .0055 .0035 .007 .0045
.090 .0035 .0025 .0045 .0035 .006 .004
.080 .0035 .0025 .0045 .0035 .006 .004
.063 .003 .002 .0035 .003 .005 .003
.050 .003 .002 .0035 .003 .005 .003
.040 .0025 .002 .0035 .002 .0045 .003
.032 .002 .0015 .0025 .002 .0035 .003
.025 .0015 .0015 .002 .0025 .003 .003
200
tolErancEs
shEEt thicknEss tolErancEs
hot rollEd hr P & o cold rollEd galvanizEd
Tolerances shown are for 48” wide sheets. Weights are based on ordered thickness at
41.82 lbs. per square foot per inch thick.
Hot Rolled, HR P & O, Cold Rolled Galvanized
Toler. Range
Gage Dec. Lbs. per Dec. Toler. Lbs. per
No. Equiv. HR, P&O CR Sq. Ft. Equiv. Range Sq. Ft.
.2332
4 .2242 9.375
.2152
.2182
5 .2092 8.75
.2002
.2033
6 .1943 8.125
.1853
.1873 .1873
7 .1793 7.5
.1713 .1713
.1724 .1724 .1771

8 .1644 6.875 .1681 7.031
.1564 .1564 .1591
.1575 .1575 .1622

9 .1495 6.25 .1532 6.406
.1415 .1415 .1442
.1425 .1405 .1472

10 .1345 5.625 .1382 5.781
.1265 .1285 .1292
.1276 .1256 .1323

11 .1196 5.000 .1233 5.156
.1116 .1136 .1143
.1126 .1106 .1174

12 .1046 4.375 .1084 4.531
.0966 .0986 .0994
.0967 .0947 .1014

13 .0897 3.750 .0934 3.906
.0827 .0847 .0854
.0817 .0797 .0865

14 .0747 3.125 .0785 3.281
.0677 .0697 .0705
.0733 .0723 .0770

15 .0673 2.813 .0710 2.969
.0613 .0623 .0650
.0658 .0648 .0695

16 .0598 2.500 .0635 2.656
.0538 .0548 .0575
.0598 .0578 .0625

17 .0538 2.250 .0575 2.406
.0478 .0498 .0525
(continued)
201
shEEt thicknEss tolErancEs
hot rollEd hr P & o cold rollEd galvanizEd

Tolerances shown are for 48” wide sheets. Weights are based on ordered thickness at
41.82 lbs. per square foot per inch thick.
Hot Rolled, HR P & O, Cold Rolled Galvanized
Toler. Range
Gage Dec. Lbs. per Dec. Toler. Lbs. per
No. Equiv. HR, P&O CR Sq. Ft. Equiv. Range Sq. Ft.
.0528 .0518 .0566

18 .0478 2.000 .0516 2.156
.0428 .0438 .0466
.0458 .0506
19 .0418 1.750 .0456 1.906
.0378 .0406
.0389 .0436
20 .0359 1.500 .0396 1.656
.0329 .0356
.0359 .0406
21 .0329 1.375 .0366 1.531
.0299 .0326
.0329 .0376
22 .0299 1.250 .0336 1.406
.0269 .0296
.0299 .0346
23 .0269 1.125 .0306 1.281
.0239 .0266
.0269 .0316
24 .0239 1.000 .0276 1.156
.0209 .0236
.0239 .0287
25 .0209 .875 .0247 1.031
.0179 .0207
.0199 .0247
26 .0179 .750 .0217 .906
.0159 .0187
.0184 .0232
27 .0164 .688 .0202 .844
.0144 .0172
.0169 .0217
28 .0149 .625 .0187 .781
.0129 .0157
.0202
29 .0172 .719
.0142
.0187
30 .0157 .656
.0127
202
structurals
Permissible Variations in Cross Section for W, HP, S, M, C and MC Shapes
Depth, in. Flange Width, in.
Flanges
Section Out-of-
Nominal Over Under Over Under Square
Sizes, in. Theoretical Theoretical Theoretical Theoretical max. in.*
W and HP Up to 12 incl. 1/8 1/8 1/4 3/16 1/4

over 12 1/8 1/8 1/4 3/16 5/16
S and M 3 to 7, incl. 3/32 1/16 1/8 1/8 1/32
Over 7 to 14, incl. 1/8 3/32 5/32 5/32 1/32
Over 14 to 24, incl. 3/16 1/8 3/16 3/16 1/32
C and MC 11/2 and under 1/32 1/32 1/32 1/32 1/32
Over 11/2 to 3, excl. 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/32
3 to 7, incl. 3/32 1/16 1/8 1/8 1/32
Over 7 to 14, incl. 1/8 3/32 1/8 5/32 1/32
Over 14 3/16 1/8 1/8 3/16 1/32
* Applies when flanges of channels are toed in or out. For channels 5/8 in. and under in depth, the permissible
out-of-square is 3/64 in./in. of depth.
Tolerance is per inch of flange width for S, M, C, and MC shapes.
Permissible Variations in Cross Section for Angles (L Shapes) and Zees
Flange Width Variations from Thickness

Depth, in. or Length of for Thickness Given,
Leg, in. Out of Over and Under, in.
Square
Over Under Over Under Over
per
Nominal Size, Theo- Theo- Theo- Theo- Inch, 3/16 and 3/16 to
Section in. retical retical retical retical in. under 3/16 incl. Over 3/8
____ ____ ____
Angles** 1 and under 1/32 1/32 3/128A 0.008 0.010
____ ____
(L Shapes) Over 1 to 2, incl. 3/64 3/64 3/128A 0.010 0.010 0.012
____ ____
Over 2 to 3, excl. 1/16 1/16 3/128A 0.012 0.015 0.015
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
3 to 4, incl. 1/8 3/32 3/128A
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Over 4 to 6, incl. 1/8 1/8 3/128A
____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Over 6 3/16 1/8 3/128A
____ ____ ____
Zees 3 to 4, incl. 1/8 1/16 1/8 3/32 3/128A
____ ____ ____
Over 4 to 6, incl. 1/8 1/16 1/8 1/8 3/128A
** For unequal leg angles, longer leg determines classification.
A 3/128 in./in = 11/2 deg.
(continued)
203
tolErancEs
carbon and alloy PlatE

Permissible Variations in Thickness for Rectangular Carbon, High-Strength Low
Alloy, and Alloy-Steel Plates, When Ordered to Thickness.
• Permissible variation under specified thickness, 0.01 in.
• Thickness to be measured at 3/8 to 3/4 in. from the longitudinal edge.
• For Thickness measured at any location other than that specified in point 2, the permissible maximum over
tolerance shall be increased by 75%, rounded to the nearest 0.01 in.
Tolerance Over Specified Thickness For Widths Given, in.
Over 48
Specified 108 to 120 to
48 and to 60, 60 to 72 to 84 to 96 to
Thickness, in. 120, excl. 132, excl.
under excl. 72, excl. 84, excl. 96, excl. 108, excl.
To 1/4, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
1/4 to 5/16, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04
5/16 to 3/8, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04
3/8 to 7/16, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
7/16 to 1/2, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
1/2 to 5/8, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04
5/8 to 3/4, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04
3/4 to 1, excl. 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05
1 to 2, excl. 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.10
2 to 3, excl. 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13
3 to 4, excl. 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.14
4 to 6, excl. 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
6 to 10, excl. 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24
10 to 12, excl. 0.29 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33
12 to 15, incl. 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 1 1/2 in. and
Under in Thickness
Variations over Specified Width and Lentgh* for Thicknesses, in.
and Equivalent Weights, lb/ft2, Given
Specified Dimensions, in.
To 3/8, excl. 3/8 to 5/8, excl. 5/8 to 1, excl. 1 to 2, excl.
Length Width Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 120, excl. To 60 excl. 3/8 1/2 7/16 5/8 1/2 3/4 5/8 1
60 to 84, excl. 7/16 5/8 1/2 11/16 5/8 7/8 3/4 1

(continued)
204
tolErancEs
(continued)
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Sheared Plates 1 1/2 in. and
Under in Thickness
Variations over Specified Width and Lentgh* for Thicknesses, in.
and Equivalent Weights, lb/ft2, Given
Specified Dimensions, in.
To 25/32, excl. 3/8 to 5/8, excl. 5/8 to 1, excl. 1 to 2, excl.
Length Width Width Length Width Length Width Length Width Length
To 120, excl. (cont.) 84 to 108, excl. 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 1 11/8
108 and over 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 7/8 11/8 11/8 11/4
120 to 240, excl. To 60 excl. 3/8 3/4 1/2 7/8 5/8 1 3/4 11/8
60 to 84, excl. 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 7/8 11/4
84 to 108, excl. 9/16 7/8 11/16 15/16 13/16 11/8 1 13/8
108 and over 5/8 1 3/4 11/8 7/8 11/4 11/8 13/8
240 to 360, excl. To 60 excl. 3/8 1 1/2 11/8 5/8 11/4 3/4 11/2
60 to 84, excl. 1/2 1 5/8 11/8 3/4 11/4 7/8 11/2
84 to 108, excl. 9/16 1 11/16 11/8 7/8 13/8 1 11/2
108 and over 11/16 11/8 7/8 11/4 1 13/8 11/4 13/4
360 to 480, excl. To 60 excl. 7/16 11/8 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8 3/4 15/8
60 to 84, excl. 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8
84 to 108, excl. 9/16 11/4 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 17/8
108 and over 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 15/8 11/4 17/8
Permissible Variations in Width and Length for Rectangular Plates When Gas
Cutting is Specified or Required
• These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified.
ALLOY CARBON
Specified Dimensions, in. Variations Over for All Variations Over for All
Specified Widths or Lengths, in. Specified Widths or Lengths, in.
To 2, excl. 3/4 1/2

2 to 4, excl. 1 5/8
4 to 6, excl. 11/8 3/4
6 to 8, excl. 15/16 7/8
8 to 15, excl. 11/2 1
205
tolErancEs
(continued)
cf carbon bars
Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished
Undersize Variations in Inches
Max. Carbon
Range Over .55%
Max. Carbon or All Grades
Range to .55% Quenched &
incl. Tempered or
Stress Relieved Normalized and
Max. Carbon Max. Carbon or Annealed Tempered
Size Range Range Range Over .28% After Cold Before Cold
in inches .28% or less to .55% incl. Finishing Finishing
11/2 or under .002 .003 .004 .005
Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl. .003 .004 .005 .006
Over 21/2 to 4, incl. .004 .005 .006 .007
Over 4 to 6, incl. .005 .006 .007 .008
Over 6 to 8, incl. .006 .007 .008 .009
Over 8 to 9, incl. .007 .008 .009 .010
Over 9 .008 .009 .010 .011
cold drawn hExagons

3/4 or under .002 .003 .004 .006
Over 3/4 to 11/2, incl. .003 .004 .005 .007
Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl. .004 .005 .006 .008
Over 21/2 to 31/8, incl. .005 .006 .007 .009

____ ____
Over 31/8 to 4, incl. .005 .006
cold drawn squarEs

3/4 or under .002 .004 .005 .007
Over 3/4 to 11/2, incl. .003 .005 .006 .008
Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl. .004 .006 .007 .009
Over 21/2 to 4, incl. .006 .008 .009 .011

____ ____ ____
Over 4 to 5, incl. .010
____ ____ ____
Over 5 to 6, incl. .014
(continued)
206
tolErancEs
(continued)
cold drawn flats

Tolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.
Max. Carbon
Range Over .55%
Max. Carbon or All Grades
Range to .55% Quenched &
incl. Tempered or
Stress Relieved Normalized and
Max. Carbon Max. Carbon or Annealed Tempered
Range Range Over .28% After Cold Before Cold
Width in Inches .28% or less to .55% incl. Finishing Finishing
To 3/4, incl. .003 .004 .006 .008
Over 3/4 to 11/2, incl. .004 .005 .008 .010
Over 11/2 to 3, incl. .005 .006 .010 .012
Over 3 to 4, incl. .006 .008 .011 .016
Over 4 to 6, incl. .008 .010 .012 .020
Over 6 .013 .015 ____ ____
turnEd, ground and PolishEd rounds

cold drawn, ground and PolishEd rounds
Turned, Ground Cold Drawn, Ground
Size Range in Inches and Polished Rounds and Polished Rounds
11/2 and under -.0005 to -.0015 .001
Over 11/2 to less than 21/2 -.0005 to -.0020 .0015
21/2 to 3, incl. -.0005 to -.0025 .002
Over 3 to 4, incl. -.0005 to -.0035 .003
Over 4 to 6, incl. -.0005 to -.0045 .004
Over 6 -.0005 to -.0055 .005

All tolerances are on the minus side, +.000.
For nonresulphurized steels (steels specified to maximum sulphur limits under 0.08%) or for steels thermally
treated, the tolerance is increased by .001”.
(continued)
207
tolErancEs
(continued)
cf alloy bars
Cold Drawn or Turned & Polished
Max. Carbon
range over .55%
with or without
stress relieving
or annealing
after cold
finishing.
Annld. or Stress Also all carbons
Max. Carbon Max. Carbon Relieved after C.F. Heat Tr. or Norm.
Specified Size Range Range Over .28% Max. carb. & Temp. before
in inches .28% or less to .55% incl. to .55% incl. cold Finishing
To 1, incl. (in coils) .002 .003 .004 .005
To 11/2, incl. .003 .004 .005 .006
Over 11/2 to 21/2 .004 .005 .006 .007
Over 21/2 to 4 .005 .006 .007 .008
Over 4 to 6 .006 .007 .008 .009
Over 6 to 8 .007 .008 .009 .010
Over 8 to 9 .008 .009 .010 .011
Over 9 .009 .010 .011 .012
cold drawn hExagons

To 3/4, incl. .003 .004 .005 .007
Over 3/4 to 11/2 .004 .005 .006 .008
Over 11/2 to 21/2 .005 .006 .007 .009
Over 21/2 to 31/8 .006 .007 .008 .010
cold drawn squarEs

To 3/4, incl. .003 .005 .006 .008
Over 3/4 to 11/2 .004 .006 .007 .009
Over 11/2 to 21/2 .005 .007 .008 .010
Over 21/2 to 4 .007 .009 .010 .012
.011 ____ ____ ____

Over 4 to 5
(continued)
208
(continued)
tolErancEs
cold drawn flats
Tolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width.
Max. Carbon
range over .55%
with or without
stress relieving
or annealing
after cold
finishing.
Annld. or Stress Also all carbons
Max. Carbon Max. Carbon Relieved after C.F. Heat Tr. or Norm.
Range Range Over .28% Max. carb. & Temp. before
Width in Inches .28% or less to .55% incl. to .55% incl. cold Finishing
To 3/4, incl. .004 .005 .007 .009
Over 3/4 to 11/2 .005 .006 .009 .011
Over 11/2 to 3 .006 .007 .011 .013
Over 3 to 4 .007 .009 .012 .017
Over 4 to 6 .009 .011 .013 .021
Over 6 .014 ____ ____ ____
cold drawn, ground and PolishEd rounds

turnEd, ground and PolishEd rounds
Cold Drawn,
Turned,
Ground
Ground & Polished
& Polished
All Carbons with
or without thermal Not Heat Heat*
Diameter treatment before Treated Treated
in Inches Cold Drawing All Carb. All Carb.
To 1/2, incl. .001 .0005 .0015 .0015
Over 11/2 to 21/, excl. .0015 .0005 .0020 .0020
21/2 to 3, incl. .002 .0005 .0025 .0025
Over 3 to 4, incl. .003 .0005 .0035 .0035

____
Over 4 to 6, incl. .0005 .0045 .0045
Over 6 ____ .0005 .0055 .0055
* All tolerances are on the minus side, +.000. Applies to quenched and tempered (heat treated), normalized and
tempered, or any similar double treatment prior to turning.
209
tolErancEs
hr carbon and alloy bars
Rounds and Squares
Specified Variation from Size to Inches Out of Round*
Size or Square
in Inches Over Under in Inches
Up to 5/16, incl. .005 .005 .008
Over 5/16 to 7/16, incl. .006 .006 .009
Over 7/16 to 5/8, incl. .007 .007 .010
Over 5/8 to 7/8, incl. .008 .008 .012
Over 7/8 to 1, incl. .009 .009 .013
Over 1 to 11/8, incl. .010 .010 .015
Over 11/8 to 11/4, incl. .011 .011 .016
Over 11/4 to 13/8, incl. .012 .012 .018
Over 13/8 to 11/2, incl. .014 .014 .021
Over 11/2 to 2, incl. 1/64 1/64 .023
Over 2 to 21/2, incl. 1/32 0 .023
Over 21/2 to 31/2, incl. 3/64 0 .035
Over 31/2 to 41/2, incl. 1/16 0 .046
Over 41/2 to 51/2, incl. 5/64 0 .058
Over 51/2 to 61/2, incl. 1/8 0 .070
Over 61/2 to 81/4, incl. 5/32 0 .085
Over 81/4 to 91/2, incl. 3/16 0 .100
Over 91/2 to 10, incl. 1/4 0 .120

*Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimum diameters of a round bar measured at the
same cross section. Out-of-square is the difference in the two dimensions at the same cross section of a square bar -
each dimension being the distance between opposite faces.
hExagons and octagons

Permissible Variations Out-of-Hexagon
Specified Sizes from Specified Size, in. (Carbon Steel and Alloy
Between Opposite Steel) or Out-of-Octa-
Sides, in. Over Under gon (Alloy Steel), in.*
Up to 1/2, incl. 0.007 0.007 0.001
Over 1/2 to 1, incl. 0.010 0.010 0.015
Over 1 to 11/2, incl. 0.021 0.013 0.025
Over 11/2 to 2, incl. 1/32 1/64 1/32

(continued)
210
tolErancEs
(continued)
hExagons and octagons

Permissible Variations Out-of-Hexagon
Specified Sizes from Specified Size, in. (Carbon Steel and Alloy
Between Opposite Steel) or Out-of-Octa-
Sides, in. Over Under gon (Alloy Steel), in.*
Over 2 to 21/2, incl. 3/64 1/64 3/64

Over 21/2 to 31/2, incl. 1/16 1/64 1/16
Over 31/2 to 41/16, incl. 5/64 1/64 5/64
* Out-of-hexagon or out-of-octagon is the greatest difference between any two dimensions at the same cross
section between opposite faces.
squarE EdgE and round EdgE flats

Tolerances apply to thickness in inches
Variations from Thickness in Inches Variations from

Specified .023 - (Tolerances are over or under) width in inches
width .230
in inches excl. Under Over Over Over Over
1/4 1/4 - 1/2 1/2 - 1 1-2 2-3 3 Over Under
Up to 1 0.007 .007 .008 .010 ____ ____ ____ 1/64 1/64

Over 1 - 2 0.007 .007 .012 .015 1/32 ____ ____ 1/32 1/32
Over 2 - 4 0.008 .008 .015 .020 1/32 3/64 3/64 1/16 1/32
Over 4 - 6 0.009 .009 .015 .020 1/32 3/64 3/64 3/32 1/16
Over 6 - 8 ____ .015 .016 .025 1/32 3/64 ** 1/8** 3/32**
* Not produced as bar flats.
** Thickness and width tolerances for flats over 6” to 8”, incl., in width and over 3” in thickness should be
established in each instance.
Standard Straightness - 1/4” in any 5 feet, or 1/4” x number of feet of length divided by 5.
Special Straightness - 1/8” in any 5 feet, or 1/8” x number of feet of length divided by 5.
NOTE: Straightness tolerances do not apply to hot rolled alloy steel bars if any subsequent heating operation has
been performed.
211
tolErancEs
(continued)
dom tubing/wall thicknEss

OD, inches
Wall
Thickness Over Over Over
Inches .375 to .875 .875 to 1.875 1.875 to 3.75 3.75 to 15.000
+ .002 + .002 + .002 ____

.028 & .035 ____
- .002 - .002 - .002
+ .002 + .002 + .002 ____

.049 ____
- .002 - .003 - .003
+ .002 + .002 + .002 + .004

.065
- .002 - .003 - .003 - .004
+ .002 + .002 + .003 + .004

.083
- .002 - .003 - .003 - .005
+ .002 + .002 + .003 + .004

.095
- .002 - .003 - .003 - .005
+ .002 + .002 + .003 + .005

.109
- .003 - .004 - .003 - .005
+ .003 + .002 + .003 + .005

.120
- .003 - .004 - .003 - .005
+ .002 + .002 + .003 + .005

.134 & .148
- .004 - .004 - .003 - .005
+ .003 + .003 + .003 + .005

.165
- .004 - .004 - .004 - .006
+ .004 + .004 + .003 + .006

.180
- .004 - .004 - .005 - .006
+ .004 + .004 + .004 + .006

.203
- .005 - .005 - .005 - .007
+ .004 + .004 + .004 + .007

.220
- .006 - .006 - .006 - .007
+ .005 + .005 + .005 + .007

.238
- .006 - .006 - .006 - .007
____ + .005 + .005 + .007
.259 ____ - .006 - .006 - .007
____ + .005 + .005 + .007
.284 ____ - .006 - .006 - .007
____ + .006 + .006 + .008
.300 ____ - .006 - .006 - .008
(continued)
212
tolErancEs
(continued)
dom tubing/wall thicknEss

OD inches
Wall
Thickness Over Over Over
Inches .375 to .875 .875 to 1.875 1.875 to 3.75 3.75 to 15.000
____ + .007 + .007 + .008
.320 ____ - .007 - .007 - .008
____ + .008 + .008 + .009
.344 ____ - .008 - .008 - .009
____ ____ + .009 + .009
.375 ____ ____ - .009 - .009
____ ____ + .010 + .010
.400 ____ ____ - .010 - .010
____ ____ + .011 + .011
.438 ____ ____ - .011 - .011
____ ____ + .012 + .012
.480 ____ ____ - .012 - .012
____ ____ + .013 + .013
.531 & .563 ____ ____ - .013 - .013
____ ____ + .014 + .014
.580 ____ ____ - .014 - .014
____ ____ + .015 + .015
.600 ____ ____ - .015 - .015
____ ____ + .016 + .016
.625 ____ ____ - .016 - .016
____ ____ + .017 + .017
.650 ____ ____ - .017 - .017
dom tubing/diamEtEr
OD, Inches ID, Inches
OD
Size Range
Over Under Over Under
Up to 0.499 .004 .000 ____ ____
0.005 - 1.699 .005 .000 .000 .005

1.700 - 2.099 .006 .000 .000 .006
2.100 - 2.499 .007 .000 .000 .007
2.500 - 2.899 .008 .000 .000 .008
(continued)
213
tolErancEs
(continued)
dom tubing/diamEtEr
OD
Size Range
Over Under Over Under
2.900 - 3.299 .009 .000 .000 .009

3.300 - 3.699 .010 .000 .000 .010
3.700 - 4.099 .011 .000 .000 .011
4.100 - 4.499 .012 .000 .000 .012
4.500 - 4.899 .013 .000 .000 .013
4.900 - 5.299 .014 .000 .000 .014
5.300 - 5.549 .015 .000 .000 .015
5.550 - 5.999 .010 .010 .010 .010
6.000 - 6.499 .013 .013 .013 .013
6.500 - 6.999 .015 .015 .015 .015
7.000 - 7.499 .018 .018 .018 .018
7.500 - 7.999 .020 .020 .020 .020
8.000 - 8.499 .023 .023 .023 .023
8.500 - 9.999 .025 .025 .025 .025
9.000 - 9.499 .028 .028 .028 .028
9.500 - 9.999 .030 .030 .030 .030
10.000 - 10.999 .034 .034 .034 .034
11.000 - 11.999 .035 .035 .035 .035
12.000 - 12.999 .036 .036 .036 .036
13.000 - 13.999 .037 .037 .037 .037
14.000 - 15.000 .038 .038 .038 .038
Ovality shall be within the above tolerance except when wall thickness is less than 3% of the OD. In such cases
the additional ovality shall be as follows, but the mean diameter shall be within the specified tolerance:
Additional Ovality
OD, Inches
Tolerance, Inch
Up to 2.000 .010
Over 2.000 - 3.000 incl. .015
Over 3.000 - 4.000 incl. .020
Over 4.000 - 5.000 incl. .025
Over 5.000 - 6.000 incl. .030
Over 6.000 - 7.000 incl. .035
Over 7.000 - 8.000 incl. .040
Over 8.000 - 9.000 incl. .045
(continued)
214
tolErancEs
(continued)
Additional Ovality
OD, Inches
Tolerance, Inch
Over 9.000 - 10.000 incl. .050
Over 10.000 - 11.000 incl. .055
Over 11.000 - 12.000 incl. .060
Over 12.000 - 12.500 incl. .065
Over 13.000 - 13.999 incl. .070
Over 14.000 - 15.000 incl. .075
1008/1010 ElEctric wEldEd tubing

Wall/In Thousands Of An Inch (1 = .001)
Cold Rolled Round
Outside Diameter
Over Over Over Over
3/4 thru 7/8 7/8 thru 17/8 17/8 thru 33/4 33/4 thru 5 5 thru 8
Ga. In. + - + - + - + - + -
22 .028 1 5 1 5
20 .035 2 5 1 5 1 5
18 .049 3 6 2 6 2 6
16 .065 5 7 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 7
14 .083 6 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 4 8
13 .095 6 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 4 8
12 .109 6 8 5 8 5 8 5 9
11 .120 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 9
10 .134 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 9
Hot Rolled Round

Outside Diameter
Over Over Over Over
3/4 thru 1 1 thru 115/16 115/16 thru 33/4 33/4 thru 41/2 41/2 thru 8
Ga. In. + - + - + - + - + -
16 .065 5 9 4 10 3 11 2 12 2 12
15 .072 5 9 4 10 3 11 2 12 2 12
14 .083 6 10 5 11 4 12 3 13 3 13
13 .095 6 10 5 11 4 12 3 13 3 13
12 .109 6 10 5 11 4 12 3 13 3 13
11 .120 6 10 5 11 4 12 3 13 3 13
(continued)
215
tolErancEs
(continued)
Hot Rolled Round
Outside Diameter
Over Over Over Over
3/4 thru 1 1 thru 115/16 115/16 thru 33/4 33/4 thru 41/2 41/2 thru 8
Ga. In. + - + - + - + - + -
10 .134 6 10 5 11 4 12 3 13 3 13
9 .148 6 12 5 13 4 14 4 14
8 .165 6 12 5 13 4 14 4 14
7 .180 6 12 5 13 4 14 4 14
6 .203 7 15 6 16 5 17
5 .220 7 15 6 16 5 17
4 .238 12 20 11 21 10 22
3 .259 13 21 12 22 11 23
Outside Diameter
Cold Rolled Round Hot Rolled Round
OD, Inches Plus & OD, Inches Plus &

Wall, Minus Wall, Minus
Over Incl. Inches Inches Over Incl. Inches Inches
.374 5/8 .028 - .065 .003 .624 11/8 .065 - .134 .0035
5/8 11/8 .028 - .120 .0035 11/8 2 .065 - .259 .005
11/8 2 .028 - .134 .005 2 21/2 .065 - .259 .006
2 21/2 .035 - .134 .006 21/2 3 .065 - .259 .008
21/2 3 .035 - .134 .008 .284 - .320 .010
3 31/2 .035 - .134 .009 3 31/2 .065 - .259 .009
31/2 4 .035 - .134 .010 .284 - .360 .012
4 6 .065 - .134 .020 31/2 4 .065 - .259 .010
6 8 .083 - .134 .025 .284 - .500 .015
4 6 .065 - .500 .020
6 8 .120 - .500 .025
8 9 .059 - .125 .030
9 10 .105 - .188 .035
(continued)
216
tolErancEs
(continued)
sEamlEss tubing
OD Wall as
Inches % of OD
+ - + -
Up to 0.499 all 0.004 0.000 ____ ____
0.500 - 1.699 all 0.005 0.000 .000 0.005

1.700 - 2.099 all 0.006 0.000 .000 0.006
2.100 - 2.499 all 0.007 0.000 .000 0.007
2.500 - 2.899 all 0.008 0.000 .000 0.008
2.900 - 3.299 all 0.009 0.000 .000 0.009
3.300 - 3.699 all 0.010 0.000 .000 0.010
3.700 - 4.099 all 0.011 0.000 .000 0.011
4.100 - 4.499 all 0.012 0.000 .000 0.012
4.500 - 4.899 all 0.013 0.000 .000 0.013
4.900 - 5.299 all 0.014 0.000 .000 0.014
5.300 - 5.549 all 0.015 0.000 .000 0.015
5.550 - 5.999 under 6 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.015
6 to 71/2 0.009 0.009 0.009 0.009
over 71/2 0.018 0.000 0.009 0.009
6.000 - 6.499 under 6 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013

6 to 71/2 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.010
over 71/2 0.020 0.000 0.010 0.010
6.500 - 6.999 under 6 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015

6 to 71/2 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012
over 71/2 0.023 0.000 0.012 0.012
7.000 - 7.499 under 6 0.018 0.018 0.018 0.018

6 to 71/2 0.013 0.013 0.013 0.013
over 71/2 0.026 0.000 0.013 0.013
7.500 - 7.999 under 6 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020

6 to 71/2 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
over 71/2 0.029 0.000 0.015 0.015
8.000 - 8.499 under 6 0.023 0.023 0.023 0.023

6 to 71/2 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016
over 71/2 0.031 0.000 0.015 0.016
8.500 - 8.999 under 6 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025

6 to 71/2 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017
over 71/2 0.034 0.000 0.015 0.019
9.000 - 9.499 under 6 0.028 0.028 0.028 0.028

6 to 71/2 0.019 0.019 0.019 0.019
over 71/2 0.037 0.000 0.015 0.022
(continued)
217
tolErancEs
(continued)
sEamlEss tubing
OD Wall as
Inches % of OD
+ - + -
9.500 - 9.999 under 6 0.030 0.030 0.030 0.030

6 to 71/2 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
over 71/2 0.040 0.000 0.015 0.025
10.000 - 10.999 under 6 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034

6 to 71/2 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022
over 71/2 0.044 0.000 0.015 0.029
11.000 - 12.000 under 6 0.035 0.035 0.035 0.035

6 to 71/2 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025
over 71/2 0.045 0.000 0.015 0.035
Many tubes with ID less than 50% of OD or with wall more than 25% of OD, or with wall over 1 1/4 in., or
weighing more than 90 lb./ft. are difficult to draw over a mandrel. Therefore, the ID can vary over or under by an
amount equal to 10% of the wall thickness.
For tubes with ID less than 1/2 in. (or less than 5/8 in. when the wall thickness is more than 20% of the OD), which
are not commonly drawn over a mandrel the above footnote not applicable.
Tubing having a wall less than 3% of the OD cannot be straightened properly without a certain amount of distor-
tion. Consequently such tubes, while having an average OD and ID within the tolerances shown in this table,
require an ovality of tolerance of 1/2% over and under nominal outside diameter, in addition to the tolerances
indicated in this table.
sEamlEss tubing
Wall/HFSM 1026
% Over & Under Nominal
Wall
Outside Diameter
Thickness
as % of OD 2.999” 3.000 to 6.000 to 10.751 to
& less 1 5.999” 10.750” 16.000”2
Under 15 12.5 10.0 10.0 12.5
15 and over 10.0 7.5 10.0 12.5
1 Wall thickness tolerances may not be applicable to walls 0.199 in. and less.
2 Wall thickness tolerances over 10.750 in. are producer tolerances.
sEamlEss tubing
Wall/CDSM 1026
Wall % Over & Under Nominal
Thickness
as % of OD thru 1.4999” ID 1.500” ID & up
25 and under 10.0 7.5

Over 25 12.5 10.0
(continued)
218
tolErancEs
(continued)
sEamlEss tubing
OD/HFSM 1026
O.D. Tolerances over 10.750 in. are producer tolerances.
Outside Diameter Outside Diameter Tolerance, Inches
Size Range,
Inches + -
Up to 2.999 0.020 0.020

3.000 - 4.499 0.025 0.025
4.500 - 5.999 0.031 0.031
6.000 - 7.499 0.037 0.037
7.500 - 8.999 0.045 0.045
9.000 - 10.75 0.050 0.050
10.75 - 13.000 0.080 0.080
14.000 - 14.375 0.093 0.093
15.000 - 16.000 0.093 0.093
Hydraulic Fluid Line Tubing

When tubing is specified by outside diameter and inside diameter,
the tolerances shown in the table below apply.
Nominal Outside Diameter, in. OD Plus and Minus, in. ID Plus and Minus, in.
Up to 3/8, incl. 0.002 0.005
Over 3/8 to 5/8, incl. 0.0025 0.0025
Over 5/8 to 2, incl. 0.003 0.003

Over 2 to 21/2, incl. 0.004 0.004
Over 21/2 to 3, incl. 0.005 0.005
Over 3 to 4, incl. 0.006 0.006
219
tolErancEs
(continued)
Stainless Cold Finished Rounds
Drawn, Ground or Ground & Polished
Size, Inches Over, Inches Under, Inches
.044 to 5/16 excl. .001 .001
5/16 to 1/2 excl. .0015 .0015
1/2 to 1 excl. .002 .002

1 to 11/2 excl. .0025 .0025
11/2 to 4 incl. .003 .003
Stainless Cold Finished Hexagons & Squares

.125 to .3125 excl. .000 -.002
.3125 to .5 excl. .000 -.003

.500 to 1.000 incl. .000 -.004
Over 1 to 2 incl. .000 -.006
Over 2 to 3 incl. .000 -.008
Over 3 .000 -.010
Stainless Hot Finished Flats

Thickness, Inches, Over & Under Width, Inches
Width, Inches Thru 1/2” Over 1/2 thru 1” Over 1 thru 2” Over Under
To 1 incl. .008 .010 ____ 1/64 1/64
Over 1 to 2 incl. .012 .015 1/32 1/32 1/32
Over 2 to 4 incl. .015 .020 1/32 1/16 1/32
Over 4 to 6 incl. .015 .020 1/32 3/32 1/16
Over 6 to 8 incl. .016 .025 1/32 1/8 5/32
Over 8 to 10 incl. .021 .031 1/32 5/32 3/16
Stainless Bar Straightness

Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straight edge.
Hot Finished
no. of feet in length inches.
1/8 inch in any 5 feet; but may not exceed 1/8 X _________________
5
Cold Finished
no. of feet in length inches.
1/16 inch in any 5 feet; but may not exceed 1/16 X _________________
5
(continued)
220
tolErancEs
(continued)
stainlEss shEEt/gaugE
Sheet Width, Inches
Handmill
Thickness, Inches
Under, incl. Ga. 48 max. 48 - 60 Over 60
.1875 to .146 8&9 .007 .0105 .014
.146 to .131 10 .006 .009 .012
.131 to .115 11 .005 .0075 .010
.115 to .099 12 .005 .007 .009
.099 to .084 13 .004 .006 .008
.084 to .073 14 .004 .0055 .007
.073 to .059 15 & 16 .003 .0045 .006
____
.059 to .041 17 & 19 .003 .004
____
.041 to .030 20 to 22 .002 .003
____ ____
.030 to .017 23 to 27 .0015
____ ____
.017 to .008 28 to 34 .0015
____ ____
.008 to .006 35 to 38 .0015
____ ____
.006 39 .001
Width & Length/Nothing under size

Widths through 48” __ 1/16” over. Widths over 48” __ 1/8” over.
Lengths through 120” __ 1/4” over. Lengths over 120” __ 1/2” over.
Camber/Roller leveled, not resquared

Widths through 36” : 1/8” every 8 Ft. Widths over 36” : 3/32” every 8 Ft.
stainlEss shEEt/flatnEss
Sheets not specified to stretcher leveled standard of flatness (exclusive of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4
and full hard tempers of 200 and 300 series grades and dead soft and deep drawing
sheets).
Flatness Tolerance (maximum
deviation from a horizontal flat
Thickness in Inches Width in Inches surface), Inches
.062 & over To 60 incl. 1/2

Over 60 to 72 incl. 3/4
Over 72 1
Under .062 To 36 incl. 1/2
Over 36 to 60 incl. 3/4
Over 60 1
(continued)
221
tolErancEs
(continued)
strEtchEr lEvElEd
Sheets specified to stretcher leveled standard of flatness (exclusive of hard tempers of
200 and 300 series grades).
Flatness Tolerance
(maximum deviation
from a horizontal flat
Thickness in Inches Width in Inches Length in Inches surface), Inches
Under 3/16 To 48 incl. To 96 incl. 1/8

Under 3/16 To 48 incl. Over 96 incl. 1/4
Under 3/16 Over 48 incl. To 96 incl. 1/4
Under 3/16 Over 48 incl. Over 96 incl. 1/4
stainlEss PlatE thicknEss

Thickness Tolerance Over Variation* in Inches
Widths Widths Widths Widths
to Over 84” to Over 120” to Over
Thickness 84” incl. 120” incl. 144” incl. 144” incl.
____ ____
3/16 to 3/8 excl. .045 .050
3/8 to 3/4 excl. .055 .060 .075 .090
3/4 to 1 excl. .060 .065 .085 .100
1 to 2 excl. .070 .075 .095 .115
Over 2 OA OA OA OA
*No plate shall vary more than .01 inch under the thickness ordered.
OA = On application
Spot grinding not to exceed .01 inch under the specified thickness is permitted to remove surface imperfections.
stainlEss width & lEngth

Sheared Mill Plates
Tolerances, in inches over specified width & length

for given width, length and thickness
3/8” to 1/2” Over 1/2” to 1”

Length Under 3/8” Thick Thick incl. Thick, incl.
in
Width in Inches Inches Width Length Width Length Width Length
48 and Under 1/8 3/16 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8

Over 48 to 60 incl.
144 3/16 1/4 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16
Over 60 to 84 incl. and 1/4 5/16 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2
Under
Over 84 to 108 incl. 5/16 3/8 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16
Over 108 3/8 7/16 7/16 1/2 5/8 11/16
(continued)
222
tolErancEs
(continued)
stainlEss width & lEngth

Sheared Mill Plates
Tolerances, in inches over specified width & length

for given width, length and Thickness
3/8” to 1/2” Over 1/2” to 1”

Length Under 3/8” Thick Thick incl. Thick, incl.
in
Width in Inches Inches Width Length Width Length Width Length
48 and Under 3/16 3/8 1/4 1/2 5/16 5/8

Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 1/4 7/16 5/16 5/8 3/8 3/4
144
Over 60 to 84 incl. 3/8 1/2 7/16 11/16 1/2 3/4
to
Over 84 to 108 incl. 240 7/16 9/16 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8
Over 108 1/2 5/8 5/8 7/8 11/16 1
48 and Under 1/4 1/2 5/16 5/8 3/8 3/4
Over 48 to 60 incl. Over 5/16 5/8 3/8 3/4 1/2 3/4
240
Over 60 to 84 incl. 7/16 11/16 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8
to
Over 84 to 108 incl. 360 9/16 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1
Over 108 5/8 7/8 11/16 1 7/8 1
60 and Under 7/16 11/8 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8
Over
Over 60 to 84 incl. 360 1/2 11/4 5/8 11/4 3/4 11/2
Over 84 to 108 incl. to 9/16 11/4 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2
480
Over 108 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 15/8
60 and Under 7/16 11/4 1/2 11/2 5/8 15/8
Over
Over 60 to 84 incl. 480 1/2 13/8 5/8 11/2 3/4 15/8
Over 84 to 108 incl. to 5/8 13/8 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8
600
Over 108 3/4 11/2 7/16 15/8 1 13/4
60 and Under 1/2 13/4 5/8 17/8 3/4 17/8
Over 60 to 84 incl. Over 5/8 13/4 3/4 17/8 7/8 17/8
Over 84 to 108 incl. 600 5/8 13/4 3/4 17/8 7/8 17/8
Over 108 7/8 13/4 1 2 11/8 21/4
The tolerance under specified width and length is 1/4 inch.
(continued)
223
tolErancEs
(continued)
stainlEss flatnEss
Annealed Plates
Variations from a Flat Surface for Thickness

and Widths Shown in Inches
48 Over 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 144

Thickness and to 60 to 72 to 84 to 96 to 108 to 120 to 144 and
In Inches under excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. excl. over
____
3/16 to 1/4 excl. 3/4 11/16 11/4 13/8 15/8 15/8 17/8 2
____
1/4 to 3/8 excl. 11/16 3/4 15/16 11/8 11/8 17/16 19/16 17/8
3/8 to 1/2 excl. 1/2 9/16 11/16 3/4 15/16 11/8 11/4 17/16 13/4
1/2 to 3/4 excl. 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 13/16 11/8 11/8 11/8 13/8
3/4 to 1 excl. 1/2 9/16 5/8 5/8 3/4 13/16 15/16 1 11/8
1 to 11/2 excl. 1/2 9/16 9/16 9/16 11/16 11/16 11/16 3/4 1
11/2 to 4 excl. 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1
4 to 6 incl. 3/8 7/16 9/16 5/8 3/4 15/16 11/8 11/4 11/4
Permissible variations in above table apply to plates up to 15 feet long or to any 15 feet of longer plates.
If the longer dimension is under 36 inches the permissible variation shall not be greater than 1/4 inch.
The shorter dimension specified shall be considered the width and the permissible variation in flatness across the
width shall not exceed the tabular amount for that dimension.
In no case shall the maximum deviation from a flat surface exceed the tabular tolerance for the longer dimension
specified.
The above flatness tolerances are not applicable to plates in the hot rolled condition or to plates with physicals
other than fully annealed.
Closer tolerances can be furnished by special flattening.
stainlEss cambEr
Sheared Mill Plates
no. of feet in length
1/8” X ________________ inches.
5
(continued)
224
tolErancEs
wall tolErancEs/Plus & minus, inchEs

Allowable Deviation of Diameter
from Size at any Point
Allowable Deviation
of Mean Diameter from Size
Non-Heat-Treatable Heat Treatable
0.010 - 0.035 .002 .002
0.036 - 0.049 .003 .003
0.050 - 0.083 .004 .004

±10% of
0.084 - 0.120 .005 .006 specified wall
0.121 - 0.203 .006 .008 ±.003”
minimum
0.204 - 0.300 .008 .012
0.301 - 0.375 .015 .020
0.376 - 0.500 .020 .030
aluminum ExtrudEd tubE-round

Diameter Tolerance/Plus & Minus, Inches
Deviation from Size Deviation of Diameter
Diameter of Mean Diameter from Size at any Point
Inches
Size 5083, 5086, 5083, 5086,
Other Alloys Other Alloys
5454 5454
0.500 - 0.999 .015 .010 .030 .020
1.000 - 1.999 .018 .012 .038 .025
2.000 - 3.999 .023 .015 .045 .030
4.000 - 5.999 .038 .025 .075 .050
6.000 - 7.999 .053 .035 .113 .075
8.000 - 9.999 .068 .045 .150 .100
10.000 - 11.999 .083 .055 .188 .125
12.000 - 13.999 .098 .065 .225 .150
14.000 - 15.999 .113 .075 .263 .175
16.000 - 17.999 .128 .085 .300 .200
225
tolErancEs
wall tolErancEs/Plus & minus, inchEs

Allowable Deviation of Mean Wall from Specified Wall
Under 1.250 OD 1.250 - 2.999 OD 3.000 - 4.999 OD 5.000 and over
Spec.
Wall 5083 5083 5083 5083
Inches 5086 Other 5086 Other 5086 Other 5086 Other
5454 Alloys 5454 Alloys 5454 Alloys 5454 Alloys
Under 0.047 .009 .006 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
0.047 - 0.061 .011 .007 .012 .008 .012 .008 .015 .010
0.062 - 0.077 .012 .008 .012 .008 .014 .009 .018 .012
0.078 - 0.124 .014 .009 ..014 .009 .015 .010 .023 .015
0.125 - 0.249 .014 .009 .014 .009 .020 .013 .030 .020
0.250 - 0.374 .017 .011 .017 .011 .024 .016 .038 .025
0.375 - 0.499 ____ ____ .023 .015 .032 .021 .053 .035
0.500 - 0.749 ____ ____ .030 .020 .042 .028 .068 .045
0.750 - 0.999 ____ ____ ____ ____ .053 .035 .083 .055
1.000 - 1.499 ____ ____ ____ ____ .068 .045 .098 .065
1.500 - 2.000 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .113 .075
2.001 - 2.499 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .128 .085
2.500 - 2.999 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .143 .095
3.000 - 3.499 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .158 .105
3.500 - 4.000 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ .173 .115
allowablE wall dEviation at any Point (EccEntrically)

Plus & minus 10% of mean wall
2” Wall & Under
.060” maximum, .010” minimum
Over 2” ±.120
(continued)
226
allowancE for machining
When regular quality alloy or special quality carbon hot rolled steel bars are to be machined, experience has shown
that it is advisable for the purchaser to make adequate allowances for surface finishing and specify hot rolled or
thermally treated sizes accordingly. Such allowances require consideration of the manufacturing practice utilized
to remove the surface metal, as well as the bar size, length, straightness, size tolerance, and out-of-round tolerance.
Bars should be straightened before machining.
rEcommEndEd minimum machining allowancE PEr sidE,

PErcEnt of sPEcifiEd sizE
Regular Quality Alloy and Special Quality Carbon Steel Bars
Non-Resulfurized Resulfurized
2” & Under Over 2” 2” & Under Over 2”
Centerless turned or ground 2.6% 1.6% 3.4% 2.4%

NOTE 1: Based on bars with special straightness tolerance.
NOTE 2: Bars turned on centers. Since this operation is dependent upon length and straighness consideration, each
item should be negotiated between consumer and supplier.
The above table contains recommended minimum machining allowance, per side, for steel bars.
Using Table 5-1, the following example can be made:
When machined by centerless turning or grinding, a 2 inch non-resulfurized hot rolled steel bar would
require 0.052 inch (2” x 2.6% (.026) = .052”) removal from the radius.
When regular quality alloy steel and special quality carbon steel hot rolled bars, such as squares and flats, are
machined by methods other than shown in Table 5-1, the recommended minimum surface removal is 1.6% of the
specified dimension for non-resulfurized steel and 2.4% for resulfurized steel. For sizes under 5/8 in. (15.88mm)
diameter, hexagon, square, or thickness, the minimum surface removal should be 0.010 in. (0.254 mm) for
non-resulfurized steel and 0.015 in. (0.381 mm) for resulfurized steel.
Resulfurized grades are typified by a poorer surface and the increased surface removal shown above is
recommended. Conversely, steels made to higher qualities may permit lesser amounts of surface removal depend-
ing on size, grade and quality specified.
(continued)
227

Straightness Tolerances for Cold Finished Bars*
NOTE 1: All grades quenched and tempered or normalized and tempered to Brinell 302 max. before cold finishing;
and all grades stress relieved ar annealed after cold finishing. Straightness tolerances are not applicable to bars
having Brinell hardness exceeding 302.
Straightness Tolerances, in. (Maximum Deviation) from
Straughtness in any 10-ft Portion of the Bar
Maximum of Carbon Range

Maximum of Carbon Range, Over 0.28% and All Grades
0.28% 0r Less Thermally Treated
Squares, Squares,
Hexagons, Hexagons,
Size, In. Length, ft. Rounds and Octagons Rounds and Octagons
Less than 5/8 less than 15 1/8 3/16 3/16 1/4

Less than 5/8 15 and over 1/8 5/16 5/16 3/8
5/8 and over less than 15 1/16 1/8 1/8 3/16
5/8 and over 15 and over 1/8 3/16 3/16 1/4
* The foregoing tolerances are based on the following method of measuring straightness: Departure from straight-
ness is measured by placing the bar on a level table so that the arc or departure from straightness is horizontal, and
the depth of the arc is measured with a feeler gage and a straight-edge.
It should be recognized that straightness is a perishable quality and may be altered by mishandling. The preserva-
tion of straightness in cold-finished bars requires the utmost care in subsequent handling. Specific straightness
tolerances are sometimes required for carbon and alloy steels in which case the purchaser should inform the manu-
facturer of the straightness tolerances and the methods to be used in checking the straightness.
Carbon and Alloy Seamless Mechanical Tubing

Maximum Depth Limit of Surface Imperfections O.D. and I.D.
The following table shows the permissible depth of surface imperfections. Determination should be made by
measuring the actual diameter or wall thickness at the place of the imperfection, filling it out, and remeasuring.
Specified O.D. H.R. C.D. Specified O.D. H.R. C.D.
1.499 ____ .010 6.500/6.999 .050 .040
1.500/1.999 ____ .013 7.000/7.499 .055 .043
2.000/2.499 .023 .015 7.500/7.999 .060 .045
2.500/2.999 .025 .018 8.000/8.499 .065 .050
3.000/3.499 .028 .020 8.500/8.999 .070 .055
3.500/3.999 .030 .023 9.000/9.499 .075 .060
4.000/4.499 .033 .025 9.500/9.999 .080 .065
4.500/4.999 .035 .028 10.000/10.499 .085 .070
5.000/5.499 .038 .030 10.500/10.750 .090 .075
5.500/5.999 .040 .035 10.751/11.000 .090 ____
6.000/6.499 .045 .038
228
Mandrel Drawn ERW Mechanical Tubing
Finished Wall Thickness, Inch
.187 and Over .187 Over .230 Over .360 Over .460
Finished O.D., Inch Under to .230 Incl. to .360 Incl. to .460 Incl. to .580 Incl.
Up to 1.500 Incl. .015 .020 .025 .025 ____
Over 1.500 to 3.000 Incl. .020 .025 .030 .030 ____
Over 3.000 to 4.750 Incl. .025 .030 .035 .035 .040
Over 4.750 to 6.000 Incl. .030 .035 .040 .040 .045
Over 6.000 to 7.000 Incl. .035 .040 .045 .045 .050
Over 7.000 to 8.000 Incl. .035 .043 .048 .048 .053
Over 8.000 to 10.500 Incl. .035 .045 .050 .050 .055
Over 10.500 to 12.500 Incl. ____ .045 .055 .055 .060
Over 12.500 to 14.000 Incl. ____ .045 .055 .055 .060
Over 14.000 to 15.000 Incl. .045 .055 .055 .060 ____
Camber: For every 12” of fraction thereof over 12”, and .010” for camber. For sizes over 7 1/2” O.D. add .020” for
camber. Allowances are based on conventional chucking procedures.
Removal of Surface Imperfections of Mandrel Drawn

ERW Mechanical Tubing/Outside-By Centerless Grinding
Finished Wall Thickness, Inch
.125 Over Over Over Over Over

and .125 to .180 to .230 to .360 to .460 to
Finished OD, Inch Under .180 Incl. .230 Incl. .360 Incl. .460 Incl. .580 Incl.
Up to 3.000 Incl. .012 .014 .016 .020 .022 ____
Over 3.000 to 4.750 Incl. .016 .018 .020 .022 .024 .026
Over 4.750 to 6.000 Incl. .018 .020 .022 .024 .026 .028
Over 6.000 to 7.000 Incl. .020 .022 .024 .026 .028 .030
Over 7.000 to 8.000 Incl. ____ .024 .026 .027 .029 .031
Over 8.000 to 10.500 Incl. ____ ____ .026 .028 .030 .032
Over 10.500 to 12.500 Incl. ____ ____ .028 .030 .032 .034
Over 12.500 to 14.000 Incl. ____ ____ .030 .032 .034 .036
Over 14.000 to 15.000 Incl. ____ ____ .033 .035 .036 .037
229
tolErancEs
circumfErEncEs & arEas of circlEs/inchEs

Diameter
Diam- Diam-
Frac. Decimal Circ. Area eter Circ. Area eter Circ. Area
660.52
1/64 .015625 .04909 .00019 1 3.1416 .7854 29 91.106
1/32 .03125 .09818 .00077 2 6.2832 3.1416 30 94.248 706.86
3/64 .046875 .14726 .00173 3 9.4248 7.0686 31 97.389 754.77
1/16 .0625 .19635 .00307 4 12.5664 12.5664 32 100.53 804.25
5/64 .078125 .24545 .00479 5 15.7080 19.635 33 103.67 855.30
3/32 .09375 .29452 .00690 6 18.850 28.274 34 106.81 907.92
7/64 .109375 .34363 .00939 7 21.991 38.485 35 109.96 962.11
1/8 .125 .39270 .01227 8 25.133 50.266 36 113.10 1017.88
9/64 .140625 .44181 .01553 9 28.274 63.617 37 116.24 1075.21
5/32 .15626 .49087 .01917 10 31.416 78.540 38 119.38 1134.11
11/64 .171875 .53999 .02320 11 34.558 95.033 39 122.52 1194.59
3/16 .1875 .58905 .02761 12 37.699 113.10 40 125.66 1256.64
13/64 .203125 .63817 .03241 13 40.841 132.73 41 128.81 1320.25
7/32 .21875 .68722 .03758 14 43.982 153.94 42 131.95 1385.44
15/64 .234375 .73635 .04314 15 47.124 176.72 43 135.09 1452.20
1/4 .25 .78540 .04909 16 50.265 201.06 44 138.23 1520.53
17/64 .265625 .83453 .05542 17 53.407 226.98 45 141.37 1590.43
9/32 .28125 .88357 .06213 18 56.549 254.47 46 144.51 1661.90
19/64 .296875 .93271 .06922 19 59.690 283.53 47 147.65 1734.94
5/16 .3125 .98175 .07670 20 62.832 314.16 48 150.80 1809.56
21/64 .328125 1.0309 .08456 21 65.973 346.36 49 153.94 1885.74
11/32 .34375 1.0799 .09281 22 69.115 380.13 50 157.08 1963.50
23/64 .359375 1.1291 .10144 23 72.257 415.48 51 160.22 2042.82
3/8 .375 1.1781 .11045 24 75.398 452.39 52 163.36 2123.72
25/64 .390625 1.2273 .11984 25 78.540 490.87 53 166.50 2206.18
13/32 .40625 1.2763 .12962 26 81.681 530.93 54 169.65 2290.22
27/64 .421875 1.3254 .13979 27 84.823 572.56 55 172.79 2375.83
7/16 .4375 1.3744 .15033 28 87.965 615.75 56 175.93 2463.01
(continued)
230
Diameter
Diam- Diam-
29/64 .453125 1.4236 .16126 57 179.07 2551.76 85 267.04 5674.50
15/32 .46875 1.4726 .17257 58 182.21 2642.08 86 270.18 5808.80
31/64 .484375 1.5218 .18427 59 185.35 2733.97 87 273.32 5944.68
1/2 .5 1.5708 .19635 60 188.50 2827.43 88 276.46 6082.12
33/64 .515625 1.6199 .20880 61 191.64 2922.07 89 279.60 6221.14
17/32 .53125 1.6690 .22166 62 194.78 3019.07 90 282.74 6361.73
35/64 .546875 1.7181 .23489 63 197.92 3117.25 91 285.88 6503.88
9/16 .5625 1.7671 .24850 64 201.06 3216.99 92 289.03 6647.61
37/64 .578125 1.8163 .26248 65 204.20 3318.31 93 292.17 6792.91
19/32 .59375 1.8653 .27688 66 207.34 3421.19 94 295.31 6939.78
39/64 .609375 1.1945 .29164 67 210.49 3525.65 95 298.45 7088.22
5/8 .625 1.9365 .30680 68 213.63 3631.68 96 301.59 7238.23
41/64 .640625 2.0127 .32232 69 216.77 3739.28 97 304.73 7339.81
21/32 .65625 2.0617 .33824 70 219.91 3848.45 98 307.88 7542.96
43/64 .671875 2.1108 .35453 71 223.05 3959.19 99 311.02 7697.69
11/16 .6875 2.1598 .37122 72 226.19 4071.50 100 314.16 7853.98
45/64 .703125 2.2090 .38828 73 229.34 4185.39 101 317.30 8011.85
23/32 .71875 2.2580 .40574 74 232.48 4300.84 102 320.44 8171.28
47/64 .734375 2.3072 .42356 75 235.62 4417.86 103 323.58 8332.29
3/4 .75 2.3562 .44179 76 238.76 4536.46 104 326.73 8494.87
49/64 .765625 2.4054 .45253 77 241.90 4656.63 105 329.87 8659.01
25/32 .78125 2.4544 .47937 78 245.04 4778.36 106 333.01 8824.73
51/64 .796875 2.5036 .49872 79 248.19 4901.67 107 336.15 8992.02
13/16 .8125 2.5525 .51849 80 251.33 5026.55 108 339.29 9160.88
53/64 .828125 2.6017 .53862 81 254.47 5153.00 109 342.43 9331.32
27/32 .84375 2.6507 .55914 82 257.61 5281.02 110 345.58 9503.32
55/64 .859375 2.6999 .58003 83 260.75 5410.61 111 348.72 9676.89
7/8 .875 2.7489 .60132 84 263.89 5541.77 112 351.86 9852.03

(continued)
231
tolErancEs

Diameter
Diam- Diam-
57/64 .890625 2.7981 .62296 113 355.00 10028.75 120 376.99 11309.73
29/32 .90625 2.8471 .64504 114 358.14 10207.03 121 380.13 11499.01
59/64 .921875 2.8963 .66746 115 361.28 10386.89 122 383.27 11689.87
15/16 .9375 2.9452 .69029 116 364.42 10568.32 123 386.42 11882.29
61/64 .953125 2.9945 .71349 117 367.57 10751.32 124 389.56 12076.28
31/32 .96875 3.0434 .73708 118 370.71 10935.88 125 392.70 12271.85
63/64 .984375 3.0928 .76097 119 373.85 11122.02 126 395.84 12468.98
(continued)
232
mEtric systEm
lEngth-Basic unit is meter (m)

Metric Unit Meters Inches Feet Yards Miles
Millimeter (mm) .001 ____ ____ ____ ____
Centimeter (cm) .01 .3937 ____ ____ ____
Decimeter (dm) .1 3.937 .3281 .1094 ____
Meter (m) 1 39.37 3.281 1.094 ____
Decameter (dkm) 10 393.7 32.81 10.94 ____
Hectometer (hm) 100 3937 328.1 109.4 ____
Kilometer (km) 1000 ____ 3281 1094 .6214
To convert
Inches to Millimeters - multiply by 25.4 Yards to Meters - multiply by .9144
Millimeters to Inches - multiply by .03937 Meters to Yards - multiply by 1.094
Feet to Meters - multiply by .3048 Miles to Kilometers - multiply by 1.609
Meters to Feet - multiply by 3.281 Kilometers to Miles - multiply by .6214
arEa-Basic unit is centare (ca) which is 1 square meter

Metric Unit Centares Square Inches Square Feet Square Yards Acres
Sq. Millimeter (sq. mm) .000001 ____ ____ ____ ____
Sq. Centimeter (sq. cm) .0001 .1550 ____ ____ ____
Sq. Decimeter (sq. dm) .01 15.50 .1076 ____ ____
Centare/Sq. Meter (ca/sq. m) 1 1550 10.76 1.196 ____
Acre (a) 100 ____ 1076 119.6 ____ ____
Hectare (ha) 10,000 ____ ____ ____ 2.471
Sq. Kilometer (sq. km) 1,000,000 ____ ____ ____ 247.1
To convert
Sq. in. to Sq. cm - multiply by 6.452 Acre to Hectares - multiply by .4047
Sq. cm to Sq. in. - multiply by .1550 Hectares to Acres - multiply by 2.471
Sq. Ft. to Sq. m. - multiply by .0929 Acres to Sq. km. - multiply by .004047
Sq. m. to Sq. Ft. - multiply by 10.76 Sq. km. to Acres - multiply by 247.1
Sq. Yds. to Sq. m. - multiply by .8361 Sq. Miles to Sq. km. - multiply by 2.590
Sq. m. to Sq. Yds. - multiply by 1.196 Sq. km. to Sq. Miles - multiply by .3861
(continued)
233
mEtric systEm
volumE-Basic unit is stere(s) which is 1 cuBic meter
Metric Unit Steres Cubic Inch Cubic Foot Cubic Yards
Cu. Millimeter (cu mm) .000000001 ____ ____ ____
Cu. Centimeter (cu cm) .000001 .06102 ____ ____
Cu. Decimeter (cu dm) .001 61.023 ____ ____
Decistere (ds) .1 6102.3 3.531 .1308
Stere/Cu Meter (s/cu m) 1 61023 35.31 1.308
Decastere (dks) 10 ____ 353.1 13.08
To convert
Cu. In. to Cu. mm - multiply by 1639 Cu. Ft. to Cu. m - multiply by .0283
Cu. mm to Cu. In. - multiply by .000061 Cu. m to Cu. Ft. - multiply by 35.31
Cu. In. to Cu. cm - multiply by 16.39 Cu. Yds. to Cu. m - multiply by .7646
Cu. cm to Cu. In. - multiply by .06102 Cu. m to Cu. Yds. - multiply by 1.308
wEight-Basic unit is gram (g)

Metric Unit Grams Grain Ounces Pounds
Milligram (mg) .001 .01543 ____ ____
Centigram (cg) .01 .1543 ____ ____
Decigram (dg) .1 1.543 ____ ____
Gram 1 15.43 .03527 ____
Decagram (dkg) 10 154.3 .3527 ____
Hectogram (hg) 100 1543 3.527 .22046
Kilogram (kg) 1000 ____ 35.27 2.2046
Quintal (q) 100,000 ____ 3527 220.46
Metric Ton (MT) 1,000,000 ____ ____ 2204.6
To convert
Grains to Centigrams - multiply by 6.48 Grams to Ounces - multiply by .03527
Centigrams to Grains - multiply by .1543 Pounds to Kilograms - multiply by .4536
Ounces to Grams - multiply by 28.35 Kilograms to Pounds - multiply by 2.2046
Tons (2000 #) to Metric Tons - multiply by .9078
Metric Tons to Tons (2000 #) - multiply by1.1023
(continued)
234
mEtric systEm
caPacity-Basic unit is litre ( l )
Cubic Capacity Liquid Capacity
Metric Unit
Liters Cu. In. Cu. Ft. Fl. Ozs. Pints Quarts Gallons
Milliliter (ml) .001 .06102 ____ .03382 ____ ____ ____
Centiliter (cl) .01 .61023 ____ .33815 ____ ____ ____
Deciliter (dl) .1 6.1023 ____ 3.3815 .2113 .1057 ____
Liter (l) 1 61.023 .0353 33.815 2.113 1.057 .264
Decaliter (dkl) 10 610.23 .3531 338.15 21.13 10.57 2.64
Hectoliter (hl) 100 6102.3 3.531 3381.5 211.3 105.7 26.4
Kiloliter (kl) 1000 61023 35.31 33815 2113 1057 264
To convert
Cu. In. to Centiliter - multiply by 1.639 Pints to Liters - multiply by .4732
Centiliter to Cu. In. - multiply by .61023 Liters to Pints - multiply by 2.113
Cu. Ft. to Liter - multiply by 28.32 Quarts to Liters - multiply by .9463
Liter to Cu. Ft. - multiply by .0353 Liters to Quarts - multiply by 1.057
Fl. Oz. to Centiliter - multiply by 2.957 Gallons to Liters - multiply by 3.785
Centiliter to Fl. Oz. - multiply by .33815 Liters to Gallons - multiply by .2642
FORCE/STRESS - Basic unit is pascal (Pa) commonly expressed in mega pascals (MPa).
NOTE - 1,000,000 Pa = 1 MPa
1 pascal = newton per square meter

1 pound force (lbf) = 4.448222 newton (N)
1 pound force per square foot (lbf/ft2) = 47.88026 pascal (Pa)
1 kilogram force (kgf) = 9.806650 newton (N)
1 pound per square inch (psi) = .006894757 mega pascals (MPa)
1 ft. lb. = 1.355 Joule
1 Joule = .7376 ft. lb.
To convert
psi to MPa - multiply by .006894757 MPa to lbf/in2 - multiply by 145.0377
ksi to MPa - multiply by 6.894757 kgf/mm2 to MPa - multiply by 9.806650
MPa to psi - multiply by 145.0377 MPa to lbf/in2 - multiply by .1019716
MPa to ksi - multiply by .1450377 N/mm2 to MPa - multiply by 1.000000
lbf/in2 to MPa - multiply by .006894757 MPa to N/mm2 - multiply by 1.000000
PREFIXES
Micro - one millionth Myria - 10,000 times
Deca - 10 times Mega - 1,000,000 times
235
aPProx. hardnEss convErsion numbErs for stEEl

basEd on brinEll hardnEss numbErs
ROCKWELL
Brinell HARDNESS NO.
Hardness
No. C- B- A-
10-mm Scale, Scale, Scale, Tensile
Brinell Tungsten 150-Kg 100-Kg 60-Kg Diamond Shore Strength
Indenta- Carbide Load Load, Load, Pyramid Sclero- (Approxi-
tion Ball Brale 1/16-In. Brale Hardness scope mate)
Diameter 3,000 Penetrator Diameter Penetrator No. Hardness in 1,000
mm Kg Load Ball Vickers No. psi
2.25 745 65.3 ____ 84.1 840 91 ____
2.30 712 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
2.35 682 61.7 ____ 82.2 737 84 ____
2.40 653 60.0 ____ 81.2 697 81 ____
2.45 627 58.7 ____ 80.5 667 79 ____
2.50 601 57.3 ____ 79.8 640 77 ____
2.55 578 56.0 ____ 79.1 615 75 ____
2.60 555 54.7 ____ 78.4 591 73 298
2.65 534 53.5 ____ 77.8 569 71 288
2.70 514 52.1 ____ 76.9 547 70 274
2.75 495 51.0 ____ 76.3 528 68 264
2.80 477 49.6 ____ 75.6 508 66 252
2.85 461 48.5 ____ 74.9 491 65 242
2.90 444 47.1 ____ 74.2 472 63 230
2.95 429 45.7 ____ 73.4 455 61 219
3.00 415 44.5 ____ 72.8 440 59 212
3.05 401 43.1 ____ 72.0 425 58 202
3.10 388 41.8 ____ 71.4 410 56 193
3.15 375 40.4 ____ 70.6 396 54 184
3.20 363 39.1 ____ 70.0 383 52 177
3.25 352 37.9 (110.0) 69.3 372 51 171
3.30 341 36.6 (109.0) 68.7 360 50 164
3.35 331 35.5 (108.5) 68.1 350 48 159
3.40 321 34.3 (108.0) 67.5 339 47 154

(continued)
236
aPProx. hardnEss convErsion numbErs for stEEl
ROCKWELL
Hardness
No. C- B- A-
10-mm Scale, Scale, Scale, Tensile
Brinell Tungsten 150-Kg 100-Kg 60-Kg Diamond Shore Strength
Indenta- Carbide Load Load, Load, Pyramid Sclero- (Approxi-
tion Ball Brale 1/16-In. Brale Hardness scope mate)
Diameter 3,000 Penetrator Diameter Penetrator No. Hardness in 1,000
mm Kg Load Ball Vickers No. psi
3.45 311 33.1 (107.5) 66.9 328 46 149
3.50 302 32.1 (107.0) 66.3 319 45 146
3.55 293 30.9 (106.0) 65.7 309 43 141
3.60 285 29.9 (105.5) 65.3 301 ____ 138
3.65 277 28.8 (104.5) 64.6 292 41 134
3.70 269 27.6 (104.0) 64.1 284 40 130
3.75 262 26.6 (103.0) 63.6 276 39 127
3.80 255 25.4 (102.0) 63.0 269 38 123
3.85 248 24.2 (101.0) 62.5 261 37 120
3.90 241 22.8 100.0 61.8 253 36 116
3.95 235 21.7 99.0 61.4 247 35 114
4.00 229 20.5 98.2 60.8 241 34 111
4.05 223 (18.8) 97.3 ____ 234 ____ ____
4.10 217 (17.5) 96.4 ____ 228 33 105
4.15 212 (16.0) 95.5 ____ 222 ____ 102
4.20 207 (15.2) 94.6 ____ 218 32 100
4.25 201 (13.8) 93.8 ____ 212 31 98
4.30 197 (12.7) 92.8 ____ 207 30 95
4.35 192 (11.5) 91.9 ____ 202 29 93
4.40 187 (10.0) 90.7 ____ 196 ____ 90
4.45 183 (9.0) 90.0 ____ 192 28 89
4.50 179 (8.0) 89.0 ____ 188 27 87
4.55 174 (6.4) 87.8 ____ 182 ____ 85
4.60 170 (5.4) 86.8 ____ 178 26 83

(continued)
237
tolErancEs
ROCKWELL
Hardness
No. B-
10-mm C- Scale, A- Tensile
Brinell Tungsten Scale, 100-kg Scale, Diamond Shore Strength
Indenta- Carbide 150-kg Load, 60-kg Pyramid Sclero- (Approxi-
tion Ball Load 1/16-In. Load, Hardness scope mate)
Diameter 3,000 Brale Diameter Brale No. Hardness in 1,000
mm Kg Load Penetrator Ball Penetrator Vickers No. psi
4.65 167 (4.4) 86.0 ____ 175 ____ 81
4.70 163 (3.3) 85.0 ____ 171 25 79
4.80 156 (0.9) 82.9 ____ 163 ____ 76
4.90 149 ____ 80.8 ____ 156 23 73
5.00 143 ____ 78.7 ____ 150 22 71
5.10 137 ____ 76.4 ____ 143 21 67
5.20 131 ____ 74.0 ____ 137 ____ 65

NOTE: The values shown are based in SAE J417 and ASTM E140. Values in ( ) beyond normal range and are for
information only.
238
cold rollEd stEEl striP
tEmPErs & EdgEs
tEmPErs
No. 1 - Hard
Carbon 0.25% max.
Thickness: 0.070” and thicker - RB 84 min.
Under 0.070” -RB 90 min.
No. 2 - Half Hard

Carbon 0.25% max.
to RB 85 approx. max..
No. 3 - Quarter Hard

Carbon 0.25% max.
to RB 75 approx. max.
No. 4 - Pinch Pass or Skin Rolled

Carbon 0.15% max.
Thickness: 0.040” and thicker - RB 65 max.
No. 5 - Dead Soft

Carbon 0.15% max.
Thickness: 0.040” and thicker - RB 55 max.
NOTE: For these tempers, it’s customary not to exceed 0.60% manganese by ladle analysis. If
manganese is specified above 0.60% by ladle analysis or in the case of temper Nos. 4 and 5, the
carbon is specified above 0.15% by ladle analysis, these Rockwell Hardness values don’t apply.
EdgEs
No. 1 Perfect square or round edge.
No. 2 Natural mill edge
No. 3 Approx. square edge by slitting, not filed.
No. 4 Round edge produced by edge rolling.
No. 5 Approx. square edge by rolling or filling after slitting.
No. 6 Square edge procuced by edge rolling.
239
wEight formulas
CONVERSION FACTORS
LBS. PR LINEAL FOOT Multiply Density
Steel Weight by Lbs./in.3
ROUNDS
Steel: 2.6729 x D2 Aluminum
Aluminum: .924 x D2 1100 .3462 .098
D D = Size, Inches
2011 .3604 .102
2014 .3568 .101
2017 .3568 .101
2024 .3533 .100
SQUARES 3003 .3498 .099
Steel: 3.4032 x D2
5005 .3462 .098
Aluminum: 1.18 x D2
D 5052 .3427 .097
D = Size, Inches 5056 .3356 .095
5083 .3392 .096
5086 .3392 .096
6061 .3462 .098
HEXAGONS
Steel: 2.9473 x D2 6063 .3462 .098
Aluminum: 1.02 x D2 7050 .3568 .101
D D = Size, Inches
7075 .3568 .101
7178 .3604 .102
Stainless
300 Series 1.030 .292
OCTAGONS 400 Series 1.010 .286
Steel: 2.8193 x D2
Nickel
Aluminum: .974 x D2
D D = Size, Inches
200 1.132 .321
400 1.125 .318
R-405 1.121 .318
K-500 1.075 .305
FLATS 600 1.072 .306
Steel: 3.4032 x T x W
625 1.075 .305
Aluminum: 1.20 x T x W 800H 1.012 .287
T T = Thickness, Inches 800AT 1.012 .287
W W = Width, Inches 825 1.037 .294
330 1.012 .287
TUBING 20 1.030 .292
Steel: 10.68 x (OD-W) x W C-276 1.132 .321
Aluminum: 3.70 x (OD-W) x W 2545MD 1.012 .287
W OD = OD, Inches Magnesium .229 .065
Beryllium .236 .067
W = Wall, Inches
O.D. Titanium .575 .163
Zirconium .812 .230
Steel: .22274 x T x D2 Cast Iron .911 .258
CIRCLES
Zinc .911 .258
T Aluminum: .077 x T x D2
Brass 1.084 .307
D D = Diameter, Inches Columbium 1.095 .310
T = Thickness, Inches Copper 1.144 .324
Molybdenum 1.303 .369
Steel: .22274 x T x (O D2 x I D2) Silver 1.339 .379
RINGS Lead 1.448 .410
Aluminum: .077 x ((O D2 x I D2)
T ID Tantalum 2.120 .600
OD
OD = OD, Inches Tungsten 2.462 .697
ID = ID, Inches Gold 2.466 .698
T = Thickness, Inches
240
dEcimal EquivalEnt chart
Decimal Metric Decimal Metric
Fraction Equivalent Equivalent Fraction Equivalent Equivalent
(in.) (mm) (in.) (mm)
1/64 .015625 .397 33/64 .515625 13.097
1/32 .031250 .794 17/32 .531250 13.494
3/64 .046875 1.191 35/64 .546875 13.891
1/16 .062500 1.588 9/16 .562500 14.288
5/64 .078125 1.984 37/64 .578125 14.684
3/32 .093750 2.381 19/32 .593750 15.081
7/64 .109375 2.778 39/64 .609375 15.487
1/8 .125000 3.175 5/8 .625000 15.875
9/64 .140625 3.572 41/64 .640625 16.272
5/32 .156250 3.969 21/32 .656250 16.669
11/64 .171875 4.366 43/64 .671875 17.066
3/16 .187500 4.763 11/16 .687500 17.463
13/64 .203125 5.159 45/64 .703125 17.859
7/32 .218750 5.556 23/32 .718750 18.256
15/64 .234375 5.953 47/64 .734375 18.653
1/4 .250000 6.350 3/4 .750000 19.050
17/64 .265625 6.747 49/64 .765625 19.447
9/32 .281250 7.144 25/32 .781250 19.844
19/64 .296875 7.541 51/64 .796875 20.241
5/16 .312500 7.938 13/16 .812500 20.638
21/64 .328125 8.334 53/64 .828125 21.034
11/32 .343750 8.731 27/32 .843750 21.431
23/64 .359375 9.128 55/64 .859375 21.828
3/8 .375000 9.525 7/8 .875000 22.225
25/64 .390625 9.922 57/64 .890625 22.622
13/32 .406250 10.319 29/32 .906250 23.019
27/64 .421875 10.716 59/64 .921875 23.416
7/16 .437500 11.113 15/16 .937500 23.813
29/64 .453125 11.509 61/64 .953125 24.209
15/32 .468750 11.906 31/32 .968750 24.606
31/64 .484375 12.303 63/64 .984375 25.003
1/2 .500000 12.700 1 1.000000 25.400
241
millimEtEr - inch EquivalEnts

mm in. mm in. mm in. mm in.
1 .0394 26 1.0236 51 2.0079 76 2.9921

2 .0787 27 1.0630 52 2.0472 77 3.0315
3 .1181 28 1.1024 53 2.0866 78 3.0709
4 .1575 29 1.1417 54 2.1260 79 3.1102
5 .1969 30 1.1811 55 2.1654 80 3.1496
6 .2362 31 1.2205 56 2.2047 81 3.1890
7 .2756 32 1.2598 57 2.2441 82 3.2283
8 .3150 33 1.2992 58 2.2835 83 3.2677
9 .3543 34 1.3386 59 2.3228 84 3.3071
10 .3937 35 1.3780 60 2.3622 85 3.3465
11 .4331 36 1.4173 61 2.4016 86 3.3858
12 .4724 37 1.4567 62 2.4410 87 3.4252
13 .5118 38 1.4961 63 2.4803 88 3.4646
14 .5512 39 1.5354 64 2.5197 89 3.5039
15 .5906 40 1.5748 65 2.5591 90 3.5433
16 .6299 41 1.6142 66 2.5984 91 3.5827
17 .6693 42 1.6535 67 2.6378 92 3.6220
18 .7087 43 1.6929 68 2.6772 93 3.6614
19 .7480 44 1.7323 69 2.7165 94 3.7008
20 .7874 45 1.7717 70 2.7559 95 3.7402
21 .8268 46 1.8110 71 2.7953 96 3.7795
22 .8661 47 1.8504 72 2.8347 97 3.8189
23 .9055 48 1.8898 73 2.8740 98 3.8583
24 .9449 49 1.9291 74 2.9134 99 3.8976
25 .9843 50 1.9685 75 2.9528 100 3.9370
Metric = # / 25.4 = inches

mm -> inches = # x .03937
242
Index
A
Abrasive Resistant Grades ................................................................. 37
Abrasive Resistant Plate .................................................................... 43
Alloy Steels:
Aircraft quality .................................................................. 82
Bars .................................................................................... 88-89, 96-97, 100-101
Aluminum:
Angle .................................................................................. 126
Bars .................................................................................... 130-131
Channel .............................................................................. 127
Diamond tread plate ........................................................... 133
Expanded metal grating ..................................................... 137
Flat ..................................................................................... 128-129
Flattened expanded metal .................................................. 135
Hexagon ............................................................................. 131
Pipe .................................................................................... 139
Plate ................................................................................... 132
Regular expanded metal .................................................... 135
Round bar .......................................................................... 130
Sheet .................................................................................. 134
Square bar .......................................................................... 131
Tool & Jig plate ................................................................. 132
Tread plate ......................................................................... 133
Tube ................................................................................... 138
Aluminum Bronze:
Flat ..................................................................................... 163
Round bar .......................................................................... 163
Angles:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 126
Brass .................................................................................. 161
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 20-24
Stainless ............................................................................. 105
B
Bars:
Alloy steel ......................................................................... 88-89
Aluminum .......................................................................... 130-131
Brass .................................................................................. 162
Cold finished ..................................................................... 96-101
Hot rolled ........................................................................... 86-87, 90-91
Stainless ............................................................................. 109-112
243
Index
Bar Grating:
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 49-51
Stainless steel ..................................................................... 51, 119
Stair treads ......................................................................... 52
Beams:
Standard (I Beam) .............................................................. 29
Wide flange ........................................................................ 26-28
Bevel cutting ..................................................................................... 10

Brass:
Angle ................................................................................. 161
Flat ..................................................................................... 161
Hexagon ............................................................................ 162
Round bar .......................................................................... 162
Square bar .......................................................................... 162
Bronze:
Flat ..................................................................................... 163
Round bar .......................................................................... 163
Round tube ........................................................................ 163
Burning .............................................................................................. 9
C
Carrier Plate ....................................................................................... 54
Certified Klein Steel (CKS) .............................................................. 13
Channel:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 127
Bar size .............................................................................. 30
Galvanized ........................................................................ 32
Junior ................................................................................. 33
Ship & Car ......................................................................... 33
Stainless ............................................................................. 106
Standard ............................................................................. 30-31
Cold Finished:
Flat ..................................................................................... 92-95
Hexagon ............................................................................. 101
Key stock ........................................................................... 99
Round bar .......................................................................... 96-97
Square bar .......................................................................... 100
Cold rolled sheet ............................................................................... 71-72
Commercial Quality Steel ................................................................. 65
Corrosion Resistant Grades ............................................................... 38
Credtit ................................................................................................ 16
244
Index
D-E
DOM Tubing ..................................................................................... 135, 150-154
Diamond Grip Grating:
Aluminum ......................................................................... 133
Hot rolled .......................................................................... 45
Stainless ............................................................................ 54, 120
Diamond Tread Plate:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 133
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 45-46
Stainless ............................................................................. 114
Directions:
Buffalo .............................................................................. 3
Rochester .......................................................................... 3
Expanded Metal:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 58, 60-61, 135
Flattened ............................................................................ 59-60, 76, 117, 135
Grating ............................................................................... 61, 137
Regular ............................................................................... 58, 135
Stainless ............................................................................. 60, 117
Standard ............................................................................. 58, 135
F-G
Fiberglass:
Accessories ........................................................................ 64
Fabrication ......................................................................... 64
Grating ............................................................................... 63
Grating with grit top plate ................................................. 63
Hardware ........................................................................... 64
Structurals ......................................................................... 64
Flat:
Alloy steel .......................................................................... 95
Aluminum .......................................................................... 128-129
Aluminum bronze .............................................................. 163
Brass ................................................................................... 161
Cast iron ............................................................................. 165
Cold finished ...................................................................... 92-95
Hot rolled ........................................................................... 83-85
Stainless ............................................................................. 107-109
245
Galvanized:
Index
Angle ................................................................................. 25
Bar grating ......................................................................... 51
Pipe .................................................................................... 156
Sheet .................................................................................. 73-74
Stair treads ......................................................................... 52
Telespar® tubing .................................................................. 149
Galvannealed Sheet ........................................................................... 74
Grating ............................................................................................... 47-64
H-I
Half Ovals ......................................................................................... 90
Half Round:
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 90
Stainless ............................................................................. 111
Handrail ............................................................................................. 34
Hexagons:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 131
Brass ................................................................................... 162
Cold finished ...................................................................... 101
Stainless ............................................................................. 112
High Strength/Low Alloy (HSLA) Grades ........................................ 38
High Strength/Low Alloy (HSLA) Plate ........................................... 43
I-Beams .............................................................................................. 29
J-K
Junior Channel ................................................................................... 33
KASTO Automatic Storage & Retrieval System .............................. 12
Keyed Shaft ....................................................................................... 99
Keystock ............................................................................................ 99
L-M
Ladder Rungs .................................................................................... 57, 120
Laser .................................................................................................. 9
Lathe .................................................................................................. 11
MC Channel ...................................................................................... 33
246
Index
Mechanical Tubing ............................................................................ 141
Miter cutting ...................................................................................... 10
P
Perforated Sheet:
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 62, 77
Stainless steel ..................................................................... 62, 118
Pickled & Oiled:
Plate ................................................................................... 42
Sheet .................................................................................. 70
Pipe:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 139
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 155, 157
Galvanized ......................................................................... 156
Stainless ............................................................................. 124
Plasma Contour Bevel Station ........................................................... 10
Plasma Cutting ................................................................................... 9
Plate:
Abrasive resistant .............................................................. 43
Aluminum .......................................................................... 132
Corrosion resistant ............................................................. 43
High Strength/Low Alloy .................................................. 43
Pickled & Oiled ................................................................. 42
Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) .......................................... 44
Stainless ............................................................................. 113
Hot Rolled ........................................................................... 39-42
Tool & Jig .......................................................................... 132
Weathering steel ................................................................ 38
Plate Burning ..................................................................................... 9
Pressure Vessel Quality (PVQ) Grade ............................................. 38
Processing capabilities ...................................................................... 9-11
R
Rectangular Tubing
Aluminum .......................................................................... 138
Carbon steel ........................................................................ 146-148
Stainless ............................................................................. 122
Rebar ................................................................................................. 35
Return Policy ..................................................................................... 17
Round Bar:
Alloy .................................................................................. 88-89
Aluminum .......................................................................... 130
247
Round Bar cont’d:

Index
Aluminum bronze .............................................................. 163
Brass ................................................................................... 161
Cast iron ............................................................................. 165
Cold finished ...................................................................... 96-97
Copper ............................................................................... 164
Half round .......................................................................... 90
Hot rolled .......................................................................... 86-87
Stainless ............................................................................. 109-110
Turned, Ground & Polished (TGP) ................................... 98
Round Tubing:
Bronze ................................................................................ 163
Carbon steel ........................................................................ 150-154
Cast iron ............................................................................. 166
Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM) ............................................ 150-154
Mechanical ......................................................................... 150-154
Structural ............................................................................ 150-154
Stainless ............................................................................. 124
S
Safety-Grip ..................................................................................... 55
Safety-Tread® Ladder Rungs ............................................................ 57
Safety-Tread Plate .......................................................................... 56
Sawing ............................................................................................ 10
Shearing .......................................................................................... 11
Sheet:
Aluminum ....................................................................... 134
Cold rolled ...................................................................... 71-72
Galvanized ...................................................................... 73-74
Galvannealed .................................................................. 74
Hot rolled ........................................................................ 69
Perforated ....................................................................... 62, 77
Pickled & oiled ............................................................... 70
Polished stainless ............................................................ 115-116
Stainless .......................................................................... 115-116
Thickness tolerances........................................................ 67-68
248
Index
Square Bar:
Aluminum ....................................................................... 131
Cold finished ................................................................... 100
Hot rolled ........................................................................ 91
Stainless .......................................................................... 112
Square tubing:
Aluminum ...................................................................... 138
Carbon steel ................................................................... 143-145
Stainless .......................................................................... 121
Stainless:
Angle ................................................................................. 105
Bar grating ......................................................................... 51, 119
Channel .............................................................................. 106
Diamond grip grating ......................................................... 120
Diamond tread plate ........................................................... 114
Flat ..................................................................................... 107-109
Flattened expanded metal .................................................. 117
Half round bar .................................................................... 111
Hexagon ............................................................................. 112
Ladder rungs ...................................................................... 57, 120
Perforated sheet ................................................................. 62, 118
Pipe .................................................................................... 124
Plate ................................................................................... 113
Rectangular tubing ............................................................ 122
Round bar .......................................................................... 109-110
Round tubing ..................................................................... 123-124
Safety-Tread ladder rungs ................................................. 57, 120
Sheet .................................................................................. 115-116
Square bar .......................................................................... 112
Square tubing ..................................................................... 121
Threaded rod ...................................................................... 111
Tread plate ......................................................................... 114
Stair treads ......................................................................................... 52
Standard beam ................................................................................... 29
Strip ................................................................................................... 83
Structural quality steel (A36) ............................................................ 37
Structurals:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 126-127
Carbon steel ....................................................................... 20-33
Stainless ............................................................................. 105-106
Surplus divisions ............................................................................... 3
249
Index
T
Tee bar ............................................................................................... 34
Threaded rod:
Plain ................................................................................... 90
Stainless ............................................................................. 111
Zinc .................................................................................... 90
Tubing:
Aluminum .......................................................................... 138
Cast Iron ............................................................................ 166
Drawn Over Mandrel (DOM) ............................................ 150-154
Galvanized Telespar® ......................................................... 149
Mechanical ......................................................................... 141
Rectangular ........................................................................ 146-148
Round ................................................................................. 150-154
Square ................................................................................ 143-145
Stainless ............................................................................. 121-124
Turned, Ground & Polished Bar ........................................................ 98
U
U-Edging ........................................................................................... 60, 75
W
Waterjet .............................................................................................. 9
Welded Bar Grating ........................................................................... 48-51
Welded Wire Mesh ............................................................................ 35
Wide Flange Beam .............................................................................. 26-28
250

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Table of ConTenTs

The Vision Behind Klein Steel 1-2 1-2

About Klein Steel 3-8

Grating, Flooring & Fiberglass 47 - 64

Bar Stock & Alloys 79 - 102

Stainless 103 - 124

Aluminum 125 - 140

Tubing & Pipe 141 - 158

Brass, Bronze, Copper & Cast Iron 159 - 166

Glossary 167 - 170

Reference Material 171 - 242

On a day in 1970, a Rochester scrap dealer by the name of Arnold Klein

From a beginning inventory of only three truckloads stored in a

Klein Steel serves over 3,000 customers in New York, Pennsylvania,

T he V ision B ehind K lein s Teel

The late Arnold Klein, founder of Joseph Klein, Chief Executive

Joe is an outspoken advocate for public education, job growth in New

Klein Steel Service Inc. Phone: (585) 328-4000

Klein Steel of Western New York Phone: (716) 826-6060

Klein Steel of Albany Phone: (518) 326-3232

Klein Steel Direct

Klein Steel Direct-Rochester Klein Steel Direct-Buffalo Klein Steel Direct-Syracuse

K lein s Teel - r ochesTer K lein s Teel - B uffalo

Niagara Falls Blvd.

Mt. Read Boulevard

Lyell Avenue Grant St.

490 Scajaquada Exp. (198) 33 Exit 51W

M eTal wiTh a M ission

K lein s Teel i nTenT

Success is defined as:

KLEIN STEEL VALUES

To that end, we have invested in a “Processing Center of Excellence”

• 5.2KW Bystronic Bystar 3015 Laser

• Cutting range up to 5' wide x 10' long

• Rotary axis cutting capabilities, allowing us to laser-cut the surface of tubes

Capable of cutting any material up to 6”

• Rotary axis cutting capabilities

Plate burning & PlaSma cutting

• Cutting range up to 16' wide x 45' long

• Oxy-Fuel burning up to 8" carbon steel

• Plasma burning up to 1 3/4" stainless steel/carbon and 1” aluminum

• High-Definition and High Performance

T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

• Cutting range up to 16' wide x 45' long

• Positive bevel angle of 45°; negative bevel angle of 40°

• Bevel on material up to 1” carbon and stainless steel

• 12 saws across New York State

• Flat cutting range up to 42" wide x 21" high

• Round cutting range of 1/4" to 20" diameter

• Cutting range 90° round: 18"

• Cutting range 90° flat: 18" wide x 23" high

• Cutting range -60° round: 11"

• Cutting range -60° flat: 18" wide x 11" high

• Cutting range up to 12' wide and 14’ long

Machining center (Drilling, Milling, tapping,

• Okuma Lathe V80RM

T he K lein P rocessing c enTer of e xcellence :

Because Klein Steel’s inventory system is fully incorporated into the

When customers order their materials, we ensure our salespeople will be

Following the placement of an order, a series of checks and balances

Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)

Structural Steel Alloy

High Strength Low Allow (HSLA)