CRIM

 REVIEW  BOOK  II  

 
TITLE   1:   CRIMES   AGAINST   NATIONAL   SECURITY   2. A   person   who   has   decided   to   levy   war   against   Elements    (Disclosing  to  Foreign  Nation)  
AND  THE  LAW  OF  NATIONS   the   Government   or   to   Adhere   to   the   Enemies   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer      
  and   to   give   them   aid   or   comfort,   proposes   its   2. He   has   in   his   Possession   the   articles,   data   or  
Chapter  1:  Crimes  Against  National  Security   execution  to  some  other  person(s)   information   referred   to  in   par.   1   of   Art.   117   by  
    reason  of  the  public  office  he  holds      
Art.  114:  Treason   Art.  116:  Misprision  of  treason   3. He  Discloses  their  contents  to  a  Representative  
Elements   Elements   of  a  Foreign  Nation      
1. Offender  is  a  Filipino  citizen  or  an  alien  residing   1. The   offender   must   be   Owing   Allegiance   to   the    
in  the  Philippines   Government,  and  Not  a  Foreigner   Art.   118:   Inciting   to   War   or   Giving   Motives   for  
2. There   is   a   war   in   which   the   Philippines   is   2. He  has  knowledge  of  any  conspiracy  (to  commit   Reprisals  
involved   treason)  against  the  Government   Elements  
3. Offender  either:   3. He   Conceals   or   Does   not   Disclose   and   make   1. The   offender   performs   Unlawful   or  
a. Levies  war  against  the  Government;  or     known   the   same   as   soon   as   possible   to   the   Unauthorized  Acts  
b. Adheres   to   the   enemies,   giving   them   aid   or   Governor   or   Fiscal   of   the   city   in   which   he   2. Such   acts   provoke   or   give   occasion   for   a   war  
comfort   resides   involving   or   liable   to   involve   the   Philippines   or  
    expose   Filipino   citizens   to   reprisals   on   their  
Two  Modes  of  Committing  Treason   Art.  117:  Espionage   persons  or  property      
1. Levying  War  against  the  government   Two  ways  of  committing  espionage     • Committed  in  time  of  peace  
a. There  is  an  actual  Assembling  of  Men;  and   1. By   Entering,   without   authority   thereof,   a    
b. For  the  purpose  of  executing  a  Treasonable   Warship,   Fort   or   Naval   or   Military   Art.  119:  Violation  of  Neutrality  
Design   Establishment   or   Reservation   to   obtain   Elements  
2. By   Adhering   to   the   Enemies   of   the   Philippines,   Information,  Plans,  Photographs,  or  Other  Data   1. There   is   a   War   in   which   the   Philippines   is   Not  
giving  them  Aid  or  Comfort   of  a  confidential  nature  relative  to  the  defense   involved  
a. Adherence  to  the  Enemy;  and     of  the  Philippines   2. There   is   a   Regulation   issued   by   competent  
b. Giving  Aid  or  Comfort   2. By   Disclosing   to   the   Representative   of   a   Foreign   authority   for   the   purpose   of   enforcing  
  Nation   the   contents,   data   or   information   neutrality      
Art.   115:   Conspiracy   and   proposal   to   commit   referred  to  in  par.  1  of  Art.  117,  which  he  had  in   3. The  offender  Violates  such  regulation      
treason   his   possession   by   reason   of   public   office   he    
Conspiracy  to  Commit  Treason:   holds   Art.  120:  Correspondence  with  Hostile  Country  
1. In  time  of  war     Elements  
2. 2   or   more   persons   come   to   an   agreement   to   Elements  (Entering  Without  Authority)   1. It   is   in   time   of   War   in   which   the   Philippines   is  
levy   wary   against   the   Government   or   Adhere   to   1. The   offender   Enters   any   of   the   places   Involved      
the  Enemies,  give  them  aid  or  comfort   mentioned  therein;   2. The   offender   makes   Correspondence   with   an  
3. Decide  to  commit  it   2. He  has  No  Authority  thereof;   Enemy   country   or   territory  occupied   by   enemy  
  3. His   Purpose   is   to   Obtain   Information,   Plans,   troops      
Proposal  to  Commit  Treason:   Photographs,   or   Other   Data   of   a   Confidential   3. The  correspondence  is  either      
1. In  time  of  war   Nature,   relative   to   the   Defense   of   the   a. Prohibited  by  the  Government  
Philippines   b. Carried  on  in  ciphers  or  conventional  signs    
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c. Containing   notice   or   information   which   b. Seize  the  whole  or  part  of  the  Cargo  of  said   b. 18  hours:  Correctional  penalties  
might  be  useful  to  the    enemy   vessel,   its   Equipment   or   Personal   c. 36  hours:  Afflictive  penalties    
  Belongings   of   its   complement   or    
Qualifying  circumstance:   passengers   Art.  126:  Delaying  Release  
1. The   notice   or   information   Might   be   Useful   to     Acts  Punishable  
the  enemy     Art.  123:  Qualified  Piracy   1. Delaying   the   performance   of   a   judicial   or  
2. The  offender  Intended  to  aid  the  enemy     Qualified   if   any   of   the   following   circumstances   is   executive  order  for  the  release  of  a  prisoner  
*If   the   offender   intended   to   aid   the   enemy,   the   present:     2. Unduly   delaying   the   service   of   the   notice   of  
crime  amounts  to  treason  (so  same  penalty)   1. The   offenders   have   seized   the   vessel   by   such  order  to  said  prisoner  
  Boarding  or  Firing  upon  the  same     3. Unduly   delaying   the   proceedings   upon   any  
Art.  121:  Flight  to  Enemy’s  Country   2. The   pirates   have   Abandoned   their   victims   petition  for  the  liberation  of  such  person    
Elements   Without  Means  of  Saving  themselves        
1. There   is   a   War   in   which   the   Philippines   is   3. The   crime   is   accompanied   by   Murder,   Elements  
involved     Homicide,  Physical  injuries,  or  Rape       1. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee  
2. The   offender   must   be   Owing   Allegiance   to   the     2. There  is    
Government   TITLE   2:   CRIMES   AGAINST   THE   FUNDAMENTAL   a. A  judicial  or  executive  Order  for  the  release  
3. The   offender   Attempts   to   Flee   or   go   to   enemy   LAWS  OF  THE  STATE   of  a  prisoner  or  detention  prisoner,  or  
country         b. A   Proceeding   upon   a   petition   for   the  
4. Going   to   enemy   country   is   Prohibited   by   Chapter   1:   Arbitrary   Detention   or   Expulsion,   liberation  of  such  person    
competent  authority       Violation   of   Dwelling,   Prohibition,   Interruption,   3. Offender  Without  Good  Reason  delays  
  and   Dissolution   of   Peaceful   Meetings   and   Crimes   a. Service   of   the   notice   of   such   order   to   the  
Art.   122:   Piracy   in   general   and   mutiny   on   the   high   Against  Religious  Worship   prisoner  
seas  or  in  Philippine  waters     b. Performance   of   such   judicial   or   executive  
Two  Ways  of  Committing  Piracy   Art.  124:  Arbitrary  Detention   order  for  release  of  prisoner  
1. Attacking   or   Seizing   a   vessel   on   the   high   seas   or   Elements   c. Proceedings   upon   petition   for   the   release  
in  Philippine  waters   1. The  offender  is  Public  Officer  or  Employee   of  such  person  
2. Seizing  in  the  vessel  while  on  the  high  seas  or  in   2. He  Detains  a  Person    
Philippine  waters  the  whole  or  part  of  its  Cargo,   3. The  detention  is  Without  Legal  Grounds     Art.  127:  Expulsion  
its   Equipment   or   Personal   Belongings   of   its     Acts  Punishable  
 complement  or  passengers   Art.  125:  Delay  in  the  Delivery  of  Detained  Persons   1. Expelling  a  person  from  the  Philippines  
  to  the  Proper  Judicial  Authorities   2. Compelling  a  person  to  Change  his  Residence  
Elements   Elements    
1. A   vessel   is   on   the   High   Seas   or   in   Philippine   1. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee   Elements  
waters   2. He  detained  a  person  for  some  Legal  Ground   1. Offender  is  public  officer  or  employee  
2. The   offenders   are   Not   Members   of   its   3. He   Fails   to   Deliver   such   person   to   the   proper   2. He  
complements  or  passengers  of    the  vessel   judicial  authorities  within:   a. Expels  any  person  from  the  Philippines  or    
3. The  offenders:   a. 12  hours:  Light  penalties   b. Compels  a  person  to  change  his  residence  
a. Attack  or  Seize  that  vessel,  or     3. Offender  is  Not  Authorized  to  do  so  by  law    

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
• Only  court  by  final  judgment  can  order  a  person   Elements   (Procuring   Search   Warrant   Without   Just   Elements  (Common  to  3  Acts)    
to  change  his  residence     Cause)   1. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee  
  1. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee   2. He  performs  any  of  the  Acts  mentioned  above  
Art.  128:  Violation  of  Domicile   2. He  procures  a  Search  Warrant    
Acts  Punishable     3. There  is  No  Just  Cause   Art.  132:  Interruption  of  religious  worship  
1. Entering   any   dwelling   Against   the   Will   of   the     Elements  
owner   Elements   (Exceeding   Authority   or   Using   1. Offender  is  Public  Officer  or  Employee  
2. Searching  papers  or  other  effects  found  therein   Unnecessary  Severity  in  Executing  a  search  warrant   2. Religious   ceremonies   or   manifestations   of   any  
Without  previous  Consent  of  such  owner     legally  procured)     religion  are  About  to  take  place  or  are  Going  on  
3. Refusing   to   Leave   the   premises   after   having   1. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee   3. Offender  Prevents  or  Disturbs  the  same  
surreptitiously   entered   said   dwelling   and   after   2. He  has  Legally  Procured  a  search  warrant    
having  been  required  to  leave  the  same     3. He   Exceeds   his   Authority   or   Uses   Unnecessary   Qualifying  circumstance  
  Severity  in  executing  the  same   1. If   the   rime   is   committed   with   Violence   or  
Elements  (Common  to  3  Acts)     Threats  
1. Offender  is  Public  Officer  or  Employee   Art.  130:  Searching  Domicile  Without  Witnesses    
2. He   is   Not   Authorized   by   judicial   order   to   enter   Elements   Art.  133:  Offending  the  religious  feelings  
the   dwelling   and/or   to   make   a   search   therein   1. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee   Elements  
for  papers  or  other  effects   2. Armed  with  Search  Warrant  legally  procured   1. Acts  complained  of  were  performed    
  3. He   Searches   the   domicile,   papers   or   other   a. In  a  place  Devoted  to  Religious  worship  or    
Qualifying  Circumstance   belongings  of  any  person   b. During   the   Celebration   of   any   religious  
1. Offense  is  committed  at  Nighttime   4. The  owner,  or  any  member  of  his  family  or,  two   ceremony  
2. Any  papers  or  effects  not  constituting  evidence   witnesses   residing   in   the   same   locality   are   Not   2. Acts   must   be   Notoriously   Offensive   to   the  
of   a   crime   are   Not   Returned   Immediately   after   present     feelings  of  the  faithful    
the  search  made  by  the  offender        
  Art.  131:  Prohibition,  Interruption,  and  Dissolution    
Art.   129:   Search   Warrants   Maliciously   Obtained,   of  Peaceful  Meetings    
and  Abuse  in  the  Service  of  those  Legally  Obtained   Acts  Punishable    
Acts  Punishable     1. Prohibiting   or   interrupting,   without   legal    
1. Procuring  a  search  warrant  Without  Just  cause   ground,   the   Holding   of   a   peaceful   Meeting,   or    
2. By   by  Dissolving  the  same    
a. Exceeding  his  Authority  or     2. Hindering   any   person   from   Joining   any   lawful    
b. Using   Unnecessary   Severity   in   executing   a   Association   or   from   Attending   any   of   its    
search  warrant  legally  procured   meetings    
  3. Prohibiting   or   hindering   any   person   from    
  Addressing,   either   alone   or   together   with    
  others,   any   petition   to   the   authorities   for   the    
  correction  of  abuses  or  redress  of  grievances      
   

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
TITLE  3:  CRIMES  AGAINST  PUBLIC  ORDER   4. The  purpose  of  the  attack  is  to  Seize  or  Diminish   Art.  138:  Inciting  to  Rebellion  or  Insurrection    
  State  power   Elements  
Chapter   1:   Rebellion,   Coup   d’etat,   Sedition,   and     1. Offender  does  Not  take  arms  or  is  Not  in  Open  
Disloyalty   Art.   135:   Penalty   for   rebellion,   insurrection   or   coup   Hostility  against  the  government  
  d’etat   2. He  Incites  others  to  the  Execution  of  any  of  the  
Art.  134:  Rebellion  or  insurrection   Liable  for  rebellion,  insurrection  and/or  coup  d’etat     acts  of  rebellion  
Elements   A. The  Leaders:   3. The   inciting   is   done   by   means   of   Speeches,  
1. There  be:   1. Any   person   who   Promotes,   Maintains,   or   Proclamations,   Writings,   Emblems,   Banners   or  
a. Public  Uprising   Heads  a  rebellion  or  insurrection;  or     Other  representations  tending  to  the  same  end  
b. Taking  Arms  against  the  Government   2. Leads,   Directs,   or   Commands   others   to    
  undertake  a  coup  d’etat     Art.  139:  Sedition    
2. The  purpose  of  the  uprising  or  movement:     Elements  
a. To  Remove  from  Allegiance  to  government   B. The  Participants:   1. Offenders  Rise  Publicly,  and  Tumultuously    
or  its  laws:   1. Any   person   who   Participates,   or   Executes   2. They   employ   Force,   Intimidation   or   other  
i. Territory   of   the   Philippines   or   any   part   the   commands   of   others   in   rebellion   or   means  Outside  of  Legal  methods  
thereof;  or   insurrection   3. Offenders  employ  any  of  those  means  to  attain  
ii. Any   body   of   land,   naval   or   other   2. Any  person  in  the  Government  service  who   any  of  the  following  objects:  
armed  forces   participates   or   executes   directions   or   a. Prevent   the   promulgation   or   execution   of  
b. To  Deprive  the  Chief  Executive  or  Congress,   commands  of  others  in  undertaking  a  coup   any   law   or   the   holding   of   any   popular  
wholly   or   partially,   of   any   of   their   Powers   d’etat   election  
or  prerogatives   3. Any  person  Not  in  the  government  service   b. Prevent   the   National   Government,   or   any  
  who   Participates,   Supports,   Finances,   provincial  or  municipal  government  or  any  
Art.  134-­‐A:  Coup  d’etat   Abets,  or  Aids  in  undertaking  a  coup  d’etat   public  officer  thereof  from  freely  exercising  
Elements     its   or   his   functions,   or   prevent   the  
1. Offender  is  a  person(s)  belonging  to  the  Military   Art.  136:  Conspiracy  and  Proposal  to  commit  Coup   execution  of  any  administrative  order  
or   Police   or   holding   any   Public   office   or   D’etat,  Rebellion  or  Insurrection   c. Inflict  any  act  of  hate  or  revenge  upon  the  
Employment     Acts  Punished   person  or  property  of  any  public  officer  or  
2. It   is   committed   by   means   of   a   Swift   attack   1. Conspiracy  to  commit  rebellion   employee  
accompanied  by  Violence,  Intimidation,  Threat,   2. Proposal  to  commit  rebellion   d. Commit,  for  any  political  or  social  end,  any  
Strategy  or  Stealth     act   of   hate   or   revenge   against   private  
3. The   attack   is   directed   against   duly   constituted   Art.  137:  Disloyalty  of  public  officers  or  employees     persons  or  any  social  class  
Authorities  of  the  Republic  of  the  Philippines,  or   Acts  Punished   e. Despoil,  for  any  political  or  social  end,  any  
any   Military   camp   or   installation,   1. Failing  to  Resist  a  Rebellion  by  all  the  means  in   person,   municipality   or   province,   or   the  
communication   networks,   public   utilities   or   their  power   National   Government   of   all   its   property   or  
other   facilities   needed   for   the   exercise   and   2. Continuing   to   Discharge   the   duties   of   their   any  part  thereof  
continued  possession  of  power   offices  under  the  control  of  the  rebels    
3. Accepting  Appointment  to  office  under  them    
   

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TONIC
Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  140:  Penalty  for  Sedition     Chapter  2:  Crimes  Against  Popular  Representation   5. By   arresting   or   searching   any   member   thereof  
Persons  liable       while   the   national   Assembly   is   in   regular   or  
1. Leader     Art.   143:   Acts   tending   to   prevent   the   meeting   of   special  session,  except  in  case  such  member  has  
2. Other  persons  participating   the  assembly  and  similar  bodies     committed   a   crime   punishable   under   the   Code  
  Elements   by  a  penalty  higher  than  prision  mayor  
Art.  141:  Conspiracy  to  Commit  Sedition     1. There   be   a   Projected   or   Actual   Meeting   of   the    
• There  must  be  an  agreement  and  a  decision:   National   Assembly   or   any   of   its   committees   or   Elements  (Preventing)  
1. To  rise  publicly  and  tumultuously     subcommittees,   constitutional   committees   or   1. That   the   offender   uses   Forces,   Intimidation,  
2. To  attain  any  of  the  objects  of  sedition   divisions   thereof,   or   of   any   provincial   board   or   Threats  or  Fraud;  
• No  proposal  to  commit  sedition   city  or  municipal  council  or  board   2. That   the   purpose   of   the   offender   is   to   prevent  
  2. Offender  who  may  be  any  person  Prevents  such   any  member  of  the  National  Assembly  from:  
Art.  142:  Inciting  to  Sedition     meeting  by  Force  or  Fraud   a. Attending  the  meetings  of  the  Assembly  or  
  any   of   its   committees   or   constitutional  
Acts  Punished  
Art.  144:  Disturbance  of  proceedings   commissions;    
1. Inciting  others  to  the  accomplishment  of  any  of  
Elements   b. Expressing  his  opinions;  or  
the   acts   which   constitute   sedition   by   means   of  
1. There  be  a  Meeting  of  the  National  Assembly  or   c. Casting  his  vote  
Speeches,   Proclamations,   Writings,   Emblems,  
any   of   its   committees   or   subcommittees,    
etc.  
constitutional   committees   or   divisions   thereof,   Elements  (Arresting  or  Searching)  
2. Uttering   Seditious   Words   or   speeches   which  
or   of   any   provincial   board   or   city   or   municipal   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee  
tend  to  disturb  the  public  peace  
council  or  board   2. He   Arrests   or   Searches   any   member   of   the  
3. Writing,   Publishing   or   Circulating   Scurrilous  
2. The  offender  does  any  of  the  following  acts:   National  Assembly  
Libels   against   the   government   or   any   of   the  
a. He  Disturbs  any  of  such  Meetings   3. The   Assembly,   at   the   time   of   arrest   or   search,   is  
duly  constituted  authorities  thereof,  which  tend  
b. He   Behaves   while   in   the   presence   of   any   in  Regular  or  Special  Session  
to  disturb  the  public  peace  
such   bodies   in   such   a   manner   as   to   4. The   member   arrested   or   searched   has   not  
 
Interrupt   its   proceedings   or   to   Impair   the   committed   a   crime   punishable   under   the   Code  
Elements  
respect  due  it   by  a  penalty  higher  than  Prision  Mayor  
1. Offender  does  Not  Take  Direct  Part  in  the  crime  
   
of  sedition  
Art.  145:  Violation  of  parliamentary  immunity   Chapter  3:  Illegal  Assemblies  and  Associations  
2. He  Incites  others  to  the  accomplishment  of  any  
of  the  acts  which  constitute  sedition   Acts  Punishable      
3. The   inciting   is   done   by   means   of   Speeches,   4. By   using   Force   Intimidation,   Threats,   or   Frauds   Art.  146:  Illegal  assemblies  
Proclamations,   Writings,   Emblems,   Cartoons,   to   prevent   any   member   of   the   National   What  are  illegal  assemblies?  
Banners,   or   Other   representations   tending   to   Assembly   from   (a)   Attending   the   meetings   of   1. Any   meeting   attended   by   Armed   Persons   for  
the  same  end     the   Assembly   or   of   any   of   its   committees   or   the   purpose   of   committing   any   of   the   crimes  
  subcommittees,   constitutional   commissions   or   punishable  under  the  Code  
  committees   or   divisions   thereof,   or   from   (b)   2. Any   meeting   in   which   the   Audience,   whether  
  expressing  his  opinions,  or  (c)  casting  his  vote   armed   or   not,   is   Incited   to   the   commission   of  
  the  crime  of  Treason,  Rebellion,  or  Insurrection,  

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Sedition,  or  Assault  upon  a  Person  in  Authority   purposes  enumerated  in  defining  the  crimes  of   Qualified  Direct  Assault  
or  his  Agents     Rebellion  and  Sedition   1. The  assault  is  committed  with  a  Weapon,  or  
  2. Without   Public   Uprising,   by   Attacking,   by   2. Offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee,  or  
Elements  (Meeting  for  Crimes  in  RPC)   employing  Force,  or  by  Seriously  Intimidating  or   3. Offender  Lays  Hands  upon  a  PIA  
1. That   there   is   a   Meeting,   a   gathering   or   group   of   Seriously   Resisting   any   person   in   authority   or    
persons,  whether  in  a  fixed  place  or  moving   any   of   his   agents,   while   engaged   in   the   Art.  149:  Indirect  Assaults    
2. That  the  meeting  is  attended  by  Armed  persons   performance   of   official   duties,   or   on   the   Elements:    
3. That   the   purpose   of   the   meeting   is   to   Commit   occasion  of  such  performance   1. PIA  or  his  agent  is  the  Victim  of  any  of  the  forms  
any  of  the  Crimes  Punishable  in  the  Code     of  direct  assault  defined  in  Art.  148  
  Elements  (First  Form)   2. A  person  Comes  to  the  Aid  of  such  authority  or  
Elements  (Meeting  for  TRIDS)     1. That   the   offender   employs   Force   or   his  agent  
1. That   there   is   a   meeting,   a   gathering   or   group   of   Intimidation   3. The   offender   makes   use   of   Force   or  
persons  whether  in  a  fixed  place  or  moving   2. That  the  aim  of  the  offender  is  to  Attain  any  of   Intimidation   upon   such   person   coming   to   the  
2. That   the   audience,   whether   armed   or   not,   is   the  purposes  of  the  crime  of  Rebellion  or  any  of   aid  of  the  authority  or  his  agent  
Incited   to   the   commission   of   the   crime   of   the  objects  in  the  crime  of  Sedition    
Treason,   Rebellion   or   Insurrection,   Direct   3. That  there  is  no  Public  Uprising   Art.   150:   Disobedience   to   Summons   issued   by   the  
Assault,  or  Sedition       National   Assembly,   its   committees   or  
  Elements  (Second  Form)   subcommittees,  by  the  Constitutional  Commission,  
Art.  147:  Illegal  associations   1. That   the   offender   (a)   Makes   an   Attack,   (b)   its  committees,  subcommittees  or  divisions    
What  are  illegal  associations?     Employs   Force,   (c)   Makes   Serious   Intimidation,   Acts  punished  
1. Totally  or  partially  organized  for  the  purpose  of   or  (d)  Makes  a  Serious  Resistance   1. Refusing,   without   legal   excuse,   to   Obey  
committing   any   of   the   Crimes   punishable   under   2. That   the   person   assaulted   is   a   Person   in   Summons   of   the   National   Assembly,   its   special  
the  Code   Authority  or  His  Agent   or   standing   committees   and   subcommittees,  
2. Totally  or  partially  organized  for  some  purpose   3. That   at   the   time   of   the   assault   the   person   in   the   Constitutional   commissions   and   its  
Contrary  to  Public  Morals   authority   or   his   agent   is   (a)   Engaged   in   the   committees,   subcommittees   or   divisions,   or   by  
Persons  liable   Actual  Performance  of  Official  Duties,  or  that  he   any   commission   or   committee   chairman   or  
1. Founders,   directors   and   president   of   the   is   assaulted   (b)   by   reason   of   the   Past   member  authorized  to  summon  witnesses  
association   Performance  of  Official  Duties   2. Refusing   to   be   Sworn   or   placed   under  
2. Mere  Members     4. That   the   offender   Knows   that   the   one   he   is   affirmation   while   being   before   such   legislative  
  assaulting   is   a   person   in   authority   or   his   agent   or  constitutional  body  or  official  
Chapter   4:   Assault   Upon,   and   Resistance   and   in  the  exercise  of  his  duties   3. Refusing   to   Answer   any   legal   inquiry   or   to  
Disobedience   to,   Persons   in   Authority   and   their   5. That  there  is  no  Public  Uprising     produce   any   books,   papers,   documents   or  
Agents     records   in   his   possession,   when   required   by  
  2  Kinds  of  Direct  Assault  (Second  Form)   them  to  do  so  in  the  exercise  of  their  functions  
Art.  148:  Direct  Assaults   1. Simple  Assault     4. Restraining   Another   from   Attending   as   a  
Acts  Punished     2. Qualified  Assault     witness   in   such   legislative   or   constitutional  
1. Without  Public  Uprising,  by  employing  Force  or     body    
Intimidation   for   the   attainment   of   any   of   the    

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
5. Inducing  Disobedience  to  a  Summons  or  Refusal   Agents   2. Serious   physical   injuries   through   reckless  
to  be  Sworn  by  any  such  body  or  official     To  be  an  agent  of  a  person  in  authority,  one  must  be   imprudence    
  charged  with      
Art.   151:   Resistance   and   Disobedience   to   a   Person   1. Maintenance  of  public  order;  and   Art.   154:  Unlawful   Use   of   Means   of   Publication   and  
in  Authority  or  the  Agents  of  such  person     2. Protection  and  security  of  life  and  property   Unlawful  Utterances  
Elements   of   Resistance   and   Serious   Disobedience     Acts  Punished    
(par.  1)   Art.  153:  Tumults  and  Other  Disturbances  of  Public   1. Publishing  or  causing  to  be  Published,  by  means  
1. A  person  in  authority  or  his  agent  is  engaged  in   Order     of   Printing,   Lithography   or   any   Other   means   of  
the   Performance   of   Official   Duty   or   gives   a   What  are  tumults  and  other  disturbances  of  public   publication,  as  news  any  false  news  which  may  
lawful  order  to  the  offender   order   endanger  the  public  order,  or  cause  damage  to  
2. The  offender  Resists  or  Seriously  Disobeys  such   1. Causing   any   Serious   Disturbance   in   a   Public   the  interest  or  credit  of  the  State  
person  in  authority  or  his  agent   place,  Office  or  Establishment   2. Encouraging   Disobedience   to   the   law   or   to   the  
3. The   act   of   the   offender   is   not   Included   in   the   2. Interrupting   or   Disturbing   performances,   constituted  authorities  or  by  praising,  justifying  
provisions   of   Art.   148   (Direct   assault),   149   functions  or  gatherings  or  peaceful  meetings,  if   or   extolling   any   act   punished   by   law,   by   the  
(Indirect  assault)  and  150  (Disobedience)   the  act  is  not  included  in  Arts.  131  (Prohibition,   same   means   or   by   words,   utterances   or  
  Interruption,   and   Dissolution   of   peaceful   speeches.    
Elements  of  Simple  Disobedience  (par.  2)   meetings)   and   132   (Interruption   of   religious   3. Maliciously   Publishing   or   causing   to   be  
1. An  agent  of  a  person  in  authority  is  engaged  in   worship)   published   any   official   Resolution   or   Document  
the   Performance   of   Official   Duty   or   Gives   a   3. Making   any   Outcry   tending   to   Incite   Rebellion   without   proper   authority   or   before   they   have  
Lawful  Order  to  the  offender   or  Sedition  in  any  meeting,  association  or  public   been  published  officially  
2. The  offender  Disobeys  such  agent  of  a  person  in   place     4. Printing,   Publishing   or   Distributing   (or   causing  
authority   4. Displaying   Placards   or   Emblems   which   provoke   the   same)   books,   pamphlets,   periodicals,   or  
3. Such  disobedience  is  not  of  a  Serious  nature   a  disturbance  of  public  order  in  such  place   leaflets   which   do   not   bear   the   real   printer’s  
  5. Burying   with   Pomp   the   body   of   a   person   who   name,  or  which  are  classified  as  anonymous.  
Art.   152:   Persons   in   authority   and   agents   of   has  been  legally  executed    
persons  in  authority       Art.  155:  Alarms  and  Scandals    
PIAs   Qualifying  Circumstances   Acts  Punished    
1. Municipal  Mayor   • Penalty  next  higher  in  degree  shall  be  imposed   1. Discharging  any  Firearm,  Rocket,  Firecracker  or  
2. Division  Superintendent  of  schools   upon   persons   causing   any   disturbance   or   Other   explosive   within   any   town   or   public  
3. Public  and  Private  school  Teachers   interruption  of  a  tumultuous  character   place,   calculated   to   cause   (which   produces)  
4. Teacher-­‐Nurse   • Tumultuous   –   caused   by   more   than   3   persons   alarm  or  danger  
5. President  of  Sanitary  Division   who   are   armed   or   provided   with   means   of   2. Instigating   or   taking   an   active   part   in   any  
6. Provincial  Fiscal   violence   Charivari   or   other   disorderly   meeting   offensive  
7. Justice  of  the  Peace   • One   who   fired   a   submachine   gun   to   cause   to  another  or  prejudicial  to  public  tranquility  
8. Municipal  Councilor   disturbance   but   inflicted   serious   physical   3. Disturbing   the   public   peace   while   Wandering  
9. Barrio  Captain  and  Barangay  Chairman     injuries   on   another,   may   be   prosecuted   for   2   about   at   night   or   while   engaged   in   any   other  
  crimes     Nocturnal  amusements  
  1. Serious  disturbance  in  a  public  place  

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
4. Causing   any   Disturbance   or   scandal   in   public   Art.   158:   Evasion   of   Service   of   sentence   on   the   Chapter   7:   Commission   of   Another   Crime   During  
places  while  Intoxicated  or  otherwise,  provided   occasion  of  Disorders,  Conflagrations,  Earthquakes,   Service   or   Penalty   Imposed   for   Another   Previous  
Article   153   (Tumults   and   other   disturbances   of   or  Other  calamities   Offense  
public  order)  is  not  applicable   Elements      
  1. The   offender   is   a   convict   by   Final   Judgment,   Art.   160:   Commission   of   Another   Crime   During  
Art.  156:  Delivering  prisoners  from  jail   who  is  confined  in  a  Penal  Institution   Service   of   penalty   imposed   for   another   previous  
Elements     2. There  is  disorder,  resulting  from:   offense  (Quasi-­‐recidivism)  
1. There   is   a   person   confined   in   a   Jail   or   Penal   a. Conflagration   Elements  
establishment   b. Earthquake   1. The   offender   was   already   Convicted   by   final  
2. The   offender   (any   person)   Removes   therefrom   c. Explosion   judgment  of  one  offense  
such  person,  or  helps  the  escape  of  such  person   d. Similar  catastrophe   2. He  committed  a  New  Felony  
• By   means   of   Violence,   Intimidation,   or   e. Mutiny  in  which  he  has  not  participated   a. Before  beginning  to  serve  such  sentence    
Bribery,  or   3. The   offender   Evades   the   service   of   his   sentence   b. Or  while  serving  the  same  
• Other  means   by   leaving   the   penal   institution   where   he   is    
  confined,   on   the   occasion   of   such   disorder   or   TITLE  FOUR:  CRIMES  AGAINST  PUBLIC  INTEREST  
Chapter  6:  Evasion  of  Service  of  Sentence   during  the  mutiny    
  4. The   offender   Fails   to   give   himself   up   to   the   Chapter  1:  Forgeries  
Art.  157:  Evasion  of  service  of  sentence     authorities   within   48   hours   following   the    
Elements   issuance   of   a   proclamation   by   the   Chief   Art.   161:   Counterfeiting   the   Great   Seal   of   the  
1. The  offender  Is  a  Convict  by  Final  Judgment   Executive  announcing  the  passing  away  of  such   Government   of   the   Philippines,   Forging   the  
2. He   is   Serving   his   sentence   which   consists   in   calamity     Signature  or  Stamp  of  the  Chief  Executive    
Deprivation  of  Liberty    
Acts  Punished  
3. He   Evades   the   service   of   his   sentence   by   Art.   159:   Other   cases   of   Evasion   of   service   of  
1. Forging  the  Great  Seal  of  the  government  of  the  
Escaping  during  the  term  of  his  sentence     sentence    (Violation  of  Conditional  Pardon)  
Philippines  
  Elements   2. Forging  the  Signature  of  the  President  
Qualifying  Circumstances   1. The  offender  was  a  Convict   3. Forging  the  Stamp  of  the  President    
If  such  evasion  or  escape  takes  place  –   2. He   was   granted   a   Conditional   Pardon   by   the    
1. By   means   of   unlawful   entry   (this   should   be   by   Chief  Executive   Art.  162:  Using  Forged  Signature  or  Counterfeit  Seal  
scaling  or  climbing  the  wall)   3. He   Violated   any   of   the   conditions   of   such   or  Stamp  
2. By  breaking  doors,  windows,  gates,  walls,  roofs   pardon  
Elements  
or  floors    
1. The   Great   Seal   of   the   republic   was  
3. By   using   picklocks,   false   keys,   disguise,   deceit,   Two  penalties  
Counterfeited  or  the  Signature  or  Stamp  of  the  
violence  or  intimidation   1. Prision   correcional   in   its   minimum   period   –   if  
Chief  Executive  was  forged  by  another  person  
4. Through   connivance   with   other   convicts   or   the  penalty  remitted  does  not  exceed  6  years  
2. The   offender   Knew   of   the   counterfeiting   or  
employees  of  the  penal  institution   2. Unexpired   portion   of   his   original   sentence   –   if  
forgery  
  the  penalty  remitted  is  higher  than  6  years    
3. He   Used   the   counterfeit   seal   or   forged  
 
signature  or  stamp  

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  163:  Making  and  Importing  and  Uttering  False   Elements  (First  Act)   Art.   168:   Illegal   Possession   and   Use   of   False  
Coins     1. Possession   Treasury   or   Bank   Notes   and   Other   instruments   of  
Elements   2. With  Intent  to  utter   credit    
1. There  be  False  or  Counterfeited  Coins   3. Knowledge   Elements  
2. The  offender  either  Made,  Imported  or  Uttered     1. Any   Treasury   or   Bank   note   or   Certificate   or  
such  coins   Elements  (Second  Act)     other   obligation   and   security   Payable   to   Bearer,  
3. In   case   of   uttering   such   false   or   counterfeited   1. Actually  Uttering   or   any   instrument   payable   to   order   or   other  
coins,   he   Connived   with   the   counterfeiters   or   2. Knowledge   document   of   credit   not   payable   to   bearer   is  
importers     forged  or  falsified  by  another  person  
  Art.   166:   Forging   Treasury   or   Bank   Notes   or   Other   2. The   offender   Knows   that   any   of   those  
Kinds   of   coins   the   counterfeiting   of   which   is   documents   payable   to   bearer;   importing   and   instruments  is  forged  or  falsified    
punished   uttering   of   such   false   or   forged   notes   and   3. He  performs  any  of  these  acts    
1. Silver  coin  of  the  Philippines  or  coin  of  the  BSP   documents       a. Using   any   of   such   forged   or   falsified  
2. Coin  of  the  minor  coinage  of  the  Philippines  or   Acts  Punished   instruments  
of  the  BSP     1. Forging   or   Falsification   of   treasury   or   bank   b. Possessing   with   the   intent   to   use   any   of  
3. Coin  of  the  currency  of  a  foreign  country   notes  or  other  documents  payable  to  bearer   such  forged  or  falsified  instruments  
  2. Importation   of   such   false   or   forged   obligations    
Art.   164:   Mutilation   of   Coins   –   Importation   and   or  notes   Art.  169:  How  Forgery  is  Committed  
Uttering  of  Mutilated  Coins         3. Uttering   of   such   false   or   forged   obligations   or   Forgery:  
Acts  Punished   notes   in   connivance   with   the   forgers   or   1. Giving   a   treasury   or   bank   note   or   any  
1. Mutilating  coins  of  the  legal  currency,  with  the   importers   instrument   payable   to   bearer   or   to   order  
further   requirement   that   there   be   Intent   to     mentioned   therein,   the   appearance   of   a   true  
Damage  or  to  Defraud  another   Notes   and   other   obligations   and   securities   that   and  genuine  document  
2. Importing   or   Uttering   such   mutilated   coins,   may  be  forged  or  falsified   2. Erasing,   substituting,   counterfeiting,   or   altering  
with   the   further   requirement   that   there   must   1. Treasury  or  bank  notes   by   any   means   the   figures,   letters,   words,   or  
be  Connivance  with  the  mutilator  or  importer  in   2. Certificates   signs  contained  therein  
case  of  uttering   3. Other   obligations   and   securities,   payable   to    
  bearer   Art.  170:  Falsification  of  legislative  documents  
Art.  165:  Selling  of  false  or  mutilated  coins,  without     Elements  
connivance     Art.   167:   Counterfeiting,   Importing   and   Uttering   1. There   be   a   Bill,   Resolution   or   Ordinance  
Acts  Punished   Instruments    Not  Payable  to  Bearer       enacted   or   approved   or   pending   approval   by  
1.  Possession  of  coin,  counterfeited  or  mutilated  by   Elements   either  House  of  the  Legislature  or  any  provincial  
Another   Person,   with   Intent   to   utter   to   the   same,   1. There   be   an   Instrument   Payable   to   Order   or   board  or  municipal  council  
Knowing  that  it  is  false  or  mutilated   other  document  of  credit  not  payable  to  bearer   2. The  offender  Alters  the  same  
2.   Actually   Uttering   such   false   or   mutilated   coin,   2. Offender   either   Forged,   Imported   or   Uttered   3. He  has  No  Proper  Authority  therefor  
knowing  the  same  to  be  false  or  mutilated   such  instrument   4. The  alteration  has  Changed  the  Meaning  of  the  
  3. In  case  of  uttering,  he  Connived  with  the  forger   document  
  or  importer    
9
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.   171:   Falsification   by   Public   Officer,   Employee   Par.   1:   Counterfeiting   or   imitating   any   handwriting,   persons    
or  Notary       signature  or  rubric    
Elements   2  ways  of  committing   Par.   4:   Making   untruthful   statements   in   a   narration  
1. The   offender   is   a   Public   Officer,   Employee   or   1. Counterfeiting   –   imitating   any   handwriting,   of  facts  
Notary  Public   signature  or  rubric   Requisites  
2. He  takes  Advantage  of  his  official  position   2. Feigning   –   simulating   a   signature,   handwriting   1. The   offender   makes   in   a   documents   statements  
3. He   Falsifies   a   document   by   committing   any   of   or  rubric  out  of  one  which  does  in  fact  exist     in  a  narration  of  facts;  
the  following  acts:     2. He  has  a  legal  obligation  to  disclose  the  truth  of  
a. Counterfeiting   or   imitating   any   Requisites  of  counterfeiting   the  facts  narrated  
handwriting,  signature  or  rubric   1. Imitation  need  not  be  perfect   3. The   facts   narrated   by   the   offender   are  
b. Causing   it   to   appear   that   persons   have   2. It  is  necessary  only  that:   absolutely  false;  and  
participated   in   any   act   or   proceeding   when   a. There   be   an   intent   to   imitate,   or   an   4. The  perversion  of  truth  in  the  narration  of  facts  
they  did  not  in  fact  so  participate   attempt  to  imitate   was   made   with   the   wrongful   intent   of   injuring   a  
c. Attributing   to   persons   who   have   b. The   2   signatures   or   handwritings,   the   third  person    
participated   in   an   act   or   proceeding   genuine   and   the   forged,   bear   some    
statements   other   than   those   in   fact   made   resemblance  to  each  other   Par.  5:  Altering  true  dates  
by  them     • Date   must   be   essential;   the   alteration   of   the  
d. Making   untruthful   statements   in   a   Par.   2:   Causing   it   to   appear   that   persons   have   date(s)   in   a   document   must   affect   either   the  
narration  of  facts   participated  in  any  act  or  proceeding  when  they  did   veracity  of  the  document  or  the  effects  thereof  
e. Altering  true  dates   not  in  fact  so  participate    
f. Making   any   alteration   or   intercalation   in   a   Requisites:   Par.   6:   Making   any   alteration   or   intercalation   in   a  
genuine   document   which   changes   its   1. The   offender   caused   it   to   appear   in   a  document   genuine  document  which  changes  its  meaning  
meaning   that   a   person   or   persons   participated   in   an   act   Requisites  
g. Issuing   in   authenticated   form   a   document   or  a  proceeding;  and   1. There  be  an  alteration  (change)  or  intercalation  
purporting   to   be   a   copy   of   an   original   2. Such   person   or   persons   did   not   in   fact   so   (insertion)  on  a  document  
document  when  no  such  original  exists,  or   participate  in  the  act  or  proceeding     2. It  was  made  on  a  genuine  document  
including   in   such   copy   a   statement     3. The  alteration  or  intercalation  has  changed  the  
contrary   to,   or   different   from,   that   of   the   Par.   3:   Attributing   to   persons   who   have   meaning  of  the  document  
genuine  original   participated   in   an   act   or   proceeding   statements   4. The   change   made   the   document   speak  
h. Intercalating   any   instrument   or   note   other  than  those  in  fact  made  by  them   something  false  
relative   to   the   issuance   thereof   in   a   Requisites    
protocol,  registry  or  official  book     1. A   person   or   persons   participated   in   an   act   or   Par.   7:   Issuing   in   authenticated   form   a   document  
4. In  case  the  offender  is  an  Ecclesiastical  Minister,   proceeding;   purporting   to   be   a   copy   of   an   original   document  
the   act   of   falsification   is   committed   with   2. Such   person   or   persons   made   statements   in   when   no   such   original   exists,   or   including   in   such  
respect   to   any   record   or   document   of   such   that  act  or  proceeding;   copy   a   statement   contrary   to,   or   different   from,  
character   that   its   falsification   may   affect   the   3. The   offender,   in   making   a   document,   attributed   that  of  the  genuine  original  
civil  status  of  persons   to   such   person   or   persons   statements   other   Acts:  
  than   those   in   fact   made   by   such   person   or   1. Purporting  to  be  a  copy  of  an  original  when  no  

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such  original  exists   Par.   2:   Falsification   of   private   document   by   any   Art.  173:  Falsification  of  Wireless,  Cable,  Telegraph  
• Example:  a  notary  public  made  a  supposed   person   and   Telephone   Messages   and   Use   of   said   Falsified  
copy   of   a   deed   of   sale   which   was   never   Elements   Messages      
executed  and  of  which  he  had  no  copy   1. The   offender   committed   any   of   the   acts   of   Acts  Punishable  
  falsification,  except  those  in  Art.  171(7)   1. Uttering   fictitious   wireless,   telegraph   or  
2. Including   in   a   copy   a   statement   contrary   to,   or   2. The   falsification   was   committed   in   any   private   telephone  message  
different  from,  that  of  the  genuine  original   document   2. Falsifying   wireless,   telegraph   or   telephone  
• Example:   a   civil   registrar   stated   in   a   3. The  falsification  caused  damage  to  a  3rd  party  or   message  
certified  copy  of  a  record  of  birth  that  the   at   least   the   falsification   was   committed   with   3. Using  such  falsified  message  
person   mentioned   therein   was   legitimate   intent  to  cause  such  damage      
when   there   was   no   such   statement   in   the     Par.   1:   Uttering   fictitious   wireless,   telegraph   or  
original   Par.  3:  Use  of  falsified  document   telephone  message;  falsifying  the  same  
  Elements   Elements  
Par.  8:  Intercalating  any  instrument  or  note  relative   Introducing  in  a  judicial  proceeding   1. The   offender   is   an   officer,   or   employee   of   the  
to   the   issuance   thereof   in   a   protocol,   registry   or   1. The   offender   knew   that   a   document   was   Government   or   an   officer   or   employee   of   a  
official  book     falsified  by  another  person     private   corporation,   engaged   in   the   service   of  
  2. The   false   document   is   embraced   in   Art.   171   or   sending   or   receiving   wireless,   cable   or  
Art:   172:   Falsification   by   Private   Individuals   and   in  any  subdivisions  No.  1  or  2  of  Art.  172   telephone  message  
Use  of  Falsified  Documents       3. He  introduced  said  document  in  evidence  in  any   2. The  offender  commits  any  of  the  following  acts:  
Acts  Punished     judicial  proceeding   a. Uttering  fictitious  wireless,  cable,  telegraph  
1. Falsification   of   public,   official   or   commercial     or  telephone  message;  or  
document  by  a  private  individual   Use  in  any  other  transaction   b. Falsifying   wireless,   cable,   telegraph   or  
2. Falsification  of  private  document  by  any  person   1. The   offender   knew   that   a   document   was   telephone  message    
3. Use  of  falsified  document   falsified  by  another  person    
  2. The   false   document   is   embraced   in   Art.   172   or   Par.  2:  Using  such  falsified  message    
Par.  1:  Falsification  of  public,  official  or  commercial   in  any  of  subdivision  No.  1  or  2  of  Art.  172     Elements:  
document  by  a  private  individual   3. He   used   such   document   (not   in   judicial   1. The   accused   knew   that   wireless,   cable,  
Elements:   proceedings)   telegraph   or   telephone   message   was   falsified  
1. The   offender   is   a   private   individual   or   a   public   4. The   use   of   the   false   document   caused   damage   by   any   of   the   persons   specified   in   the   first  
officer  or  employee  who  did  not  take  advantage   to   another   or   at   least   it   was   used   with   intent   to   paragraph  of  Art.  173  
of  his  official  position   cause  such  damage       2. The  accused  used  such  falsified  dispatch  
2. He  committed  any  of  the  acts  of  falsification  in     3. The  use  of  the  falsified  dispatch  resulted  in  the  
Art.  171   The   user   of   the   falsified   document   is   deemed   the   prejudice   of   a   third   party,   or   that   the   use  
3. The   falsification   was   committed   in   a   public   or   author  of  the  falsification  if   thereof   was   with   the   intent   to   cause   such  
official  or  commercial  document     1. The   use   was   so   closely   connected   in   time   of   the   prejudice  
  falsification    
• Lack  of  malice  or  criminal  intent  is  a  defense  in   2. The   user   had   the   capacity   of   falsifying   the    
falsification  of  public  document   document  

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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.   174:   False   Medical   Certificates,   False   another  person   Art.   178:   Using   Fictitious   Name   and   Concealing  
Certificates  of  Merit  or  Service,  etc.         True  Name  
Persons  Liable   Chapter  2:  Other  Falsities   Elements  (Using  Fictitious  Name)  
1. Physician   or   surgeon   who,   in   connection   with     1. The   offender   Uses   a   name   other   than   his   real  
the   practice   of   his   profession,   issued   a   false   Art.   177:   Usurpation   of   Authority   or   Official   name  
certificate   (it   must   refer   to   the   illness   or   injury   Functions   2. He  offender  uses  that  fictitious  name  Publicly  
of   a   person)   –   the   crime   is   False   Medical   2  Offenses  Contemplated   3. The  purpose  of  the  offender  is  to:  
Certificate  by  a  physician   1. Usurpation  of  Authority     a. Conceal  a  crime  
2. Public   officer   who   issued   a   false   certificate   of   2. Usurpation  of  Official  Functions   b. Evade  the  execution  of  a  judgment  
merit   of   service,   good   conduct   or   similar     c. Cause  damage  to  public  interest  
circumstances  –  the  crime  is  False  Certificate  of   2  Ways  of  Committing  the  Crime    
Merit  or  Service  by  a  public  officer   1. Knowingly   and   falsely   representing   oneself   to   Elements  (Concealing  True  Name)  
3. Private   individual   who   falsified   a   certificate   be   an   officer,   agent   or   representative   of   any   1. The  offender  Conceals  
falling  in  the  classes  mentioned  in  Nos.  1  &  2  –   department   or   agency   of   the   Philippine   a. his  True  name  
the   crime   is   False   Medical   Certificate   or   False   Government  or  any  foreign  government   b. all  Other  personal  circumstances  
Certificate   of   Merit   or   Service   by   a   private   2. Performing   any   act   pertaining   to   any   person   in   2. The  purpose  is  only  to  Conceal  his  identity  
individual   authority   or   public   officer   of   the   Philippine    
  Government  or  of  a  foreign  government  or  any   Art.  179:  Illegal  Use  of  Uniform  or  Insignia  
Art.  175:  Use  of  False  Certificates     agency   thereof,   under   pretense   of   official   Elements  
Elements   position,  and  without  being  lawfully  entitled  to   1. The  offender  makes  use  of  Insignia,  Uniform  or  
1. A   physician   or   surgeon   had   issued   a   false   do  so   Dress  
medical   certificate,   or   a   public   officer   had     2. The   insignia,   uniform   or   dress   pertains   to   an  
issued   a   false   certificate   of   merit   or   service,   The  offender  should  have:   Office  Not  Held  by  the  offender  or  to  a  class  of  
good   conduct,   or   similar   circumstances   or   a   1. Represented   himself   to   be   an   officer,   agent   or   persons  of  which  he  is  not  a  member  
private   person   had   falsified   any   of   said   representative  of  any  department  or  agency  of   3. Said   insignia,   uniform   or   dress   is   used   Publicly  
certificates   the  government;  or   and  improperly  
2. The  offender  knew  that  the  certificate  was  false   2. Performed   an   act   pertaining   to   a   person   in    
3. He  used  the  same   authority  or  public  officer   Art.  180:  False  Testimony  Against  a  Defendant    
    Elements  
Art.   176:   Manufacturing   and   Possession   of   RA  10     1. There  be  a  Criminal  Proceeding  
Instruments  or  Implements  for  Falsification         The   act   performed,   without   the   offender   being   2. The   offender   Testifies   Falsely   Under   Oath  
Acts  Punished   lawfully  entitled  to  do  so,  must  pertain  to:   against  the  defendant  therein  
1. Making   or   introducing   into   the   Philippines   any   1. The  government   3. The   offender   who   gives   false   testimony   Knows  
stamps,   dies   ,   marks   or   other   instruments   or   2. Any  person  in  authority   that  it  is  false    
implements  for  counterfeiting  or  falsification   3. Any  public  officer   4. The   defendant   against   whom   the   false  
2. Possessing   with   intent   to   use   the   instruments   • Applies   only   to   members   of   seditious   testimony   is   given   is   either   Acquitted   or  
or  implements  for  counterfeiting  or  falsification   organizations  engaged  in  subversive  activities   Convicted  in  a  Final  Judgment  
made   in   or   introduced   into   the   Philippines   by    
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Art.   181:   False   Testimony   Favorable   to   the   Art.  184:  Offering  False  Testimony  in  Evidence     Art.   186:   Monopolies   and   combinations   in   restraint  
Defendant     Elements   of  trade  
• False   testimony   favorable   to   the   defendant   is   1. The   offender   offered   in   evidence   a   False   IMPLIEDLY   REPEALED   BY   PHILIPPINE   COMPETITION  
equally   repugnant   to   the   orderly   administration   Witness  or  False  Testimony   ACT  
of  justice   2. He  Knew  the  witness  or  the  testimony  was  false    
  3. The   offer   was   made   in   a   Judicial   or   Official   Art.   187:   Importation   and   disposition   of   falsely  
Art.  182:  False  Testimony  in  Civil  Cases     Proceeding   marked   articles   or   merchandise   made   of   gold,  
Elements   Chapter  3:  Frauds   silver,  or  other  precious  metals  or  their  alloys    
1. The  testimony  must  be  given  in  a  Civil  case     IP  CODE  
2. The   testimony   must   Relate   to   the   Issues   Art.  185:  Machinations  in  Public  Auction    
presented  in  said  case   Acts  punishable   Art.  188:  Substituting  and  altering  trade  marks  and  
3. The  testimony  must  be  False   1. Soliciting  any  gift  or  promise  as  a  consideration   trade  names  or  service  marks*  
4. The   false   testimony   must   be   given   by   the   for   refraining   from   taking   part   in   any   public   IP  CODE  
defendant  Knowing  the  same  to  be  false   auction    
5. The   testimony   must   be   Malicious   and   given   2. Attempting  to  cause  bidders  to  stay  away  from   Art.   189:   Unfair   competition   and   fraudulent  
with  an  Intent  to  affect  the  issues  presented  in   an   auction   by   threats,   gifts,   promises   or   any   registration  of  trade  mark  or  trade  name,  or  service  
said  case   other  artifice   mark;   fraudulent   designation   of   origin,   and   false  
    description*  
Art.  183:  False  testimony  in  other  cases  and  perjury   Elements  (Soliciting  Gift  or  Promise)   IP  CODE  
in  solemn  affirmation   1. There  be  a  Public  Auction    
Acts  Punished   2. The  accused  Solicited  any  gift  or  a  promise  from   TITLE   5:   CRIMES   RELATIVE   TO   OPIUM   AND   OTHER  
1. Falsely  Testifying  Under  Oath  (*not  in  a  judicial   any  of  the  bidders   PROHIBITED  DRUGS  
proceeding)   3. Such   gift   or   promise   was   the   consideration   For    
2. Making  a  False  Affidavit   his   Refraining   from   taking   part   in   that   public   The  Comprehensive  Dangerous  Drugs  Act  of  2002    
  auction   Arts.   190   –   193   were   repealed   by   the   Dangerous  
Elements   4. The   accused   had   the   Intent   to   cause   the   Drugs   Act   of   1972   (RA   6425)   which   took   effect   on  
1. The   accused   made   a   Statement   Under   Oath   or   reduction  of  the  price  of  the  thing  auctioned   March   30,   1972,   as   amended   by   PD   1683   and  
executed  an  affidavit  upon  a  material  matter     further  amended  by  RA  7659  
2. The   statement   or   affidavit   was   made   before   a   Elements   (Attempting   to   Cause   Bidders   to   Stay    
competent   officer   authorized   to   receive   and   Away)    
administer  oath   1. There  be  Public  Auction    
3. In   that   statement   or   affidavit,   the   accused   2. The  accused  Attempted  to  cause  the  bidders  to    
made   a   willful   and   deliberate   assertion   of   a   stay  away  from  that  public  auction    
falsehood     3. It   was   done   by   Threats,   Gifts,   Promises   or   any    
4. The   sworn   statement   or   affidavit   containing   the   Other  artifice    
falsity  is  required  by  law   4. The   accused   had   Intent   to   cause   the   reduction    
  of  the  price  of  the  thing  auctioned    
 
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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
TITLE  6:  CRIMES  AGAINST  PUBLIC  MORALS   Art.   196:   Importation,   sale   and   possession   of   Chapter   2:   Offenses   Against   Decency   and   Good  
  lottery  tickets  or  advertisements   Customs  
Chapter  1:  Gambling  and  Betting     Acts   punished   relative   to   lottery   tickets   or    
  advertisements   Art.  200:  Grave  Scandal    
Prescribing  Stiffer  Penalties  on  Illegal  Gambling  (PD   1. Importing  into  the  Philippines  from  any  foreign   Elements  
1602)   place   or   port   any   lottery   ticket   or   1. The  offender  performs  an  Act(s)  
The   provisions   of   Arts.   195-­‐199   of   the   RPC,   as   advertisement   2. Such   act(s)   be   Highly   Scandalous   as   Offending  
amended,   as   well   as   those   PD   Nos.   483   (betting,   2. Selling   or   distributing   the   name   in   connivance   against  Decency    or  good  customs  
game-­‐fixing,   or   point-­‐shaving   and   machinations   in   with  the  importer   3. The   highly   scandalous   conduct   is   Not   Expressly  
sport   contests)   and   449   (Cockfighting   Law),   which   3. Possessing,   knowingly   and   with   intent   to   use,   falling  Within  any    other  article  of  this  Code  
are  inconsistent  with  PD  1602,  are  repealed.   lottery  tickets  or  advertisements.   4. The   act(s)   complained   of   be   committed   in   a  
  4. Selling   or   distributing   the   same   without   Public   Place   or   within   the   Public   Knowledge   or  
Elements  of  lottery   connivance  with  the  importer   View  
1. Consideration      
2. Chance;   Art.  197:  Betting  in  sports  contents  (repealed  by  PD   Art.   201:   Immoral   doctrines,   obscene   publications  
3. Prize   or   some   advantage   or   inequality   in   483)   and  exhibitions  and  indecent  shows  
amount   or   value   which   is   in   the   of   nature   of   a     Notes:  
prize   Betting,   game-­‐fixing   or   point-­‐shaving   and   • Publicity  is  essential  
  machinations  in  sports  contests  (PD  483)   • Test  of  obscenity    
Elements   of   knowingly   permitting   gambling   to   be     1. W/N   the   tendency   of   the   matter   charged  
carried   on   in   a   place   owned   or   controlled   by   the   Art.  198:  Illegal  betting  on  horse  races   as  obscene,  is  to  deprave  or  corrupt  those  
offender       Acts  punishable     whose   minds   are   open   to   such   immoral  
1. A  gambling  game  was  carried  on  in  an  inhabited   1. Betting   on   horse   races   during   the   periods   not   influences,   and   into   whose   hands   such   a  
or   uninhabited   place   or   in   any   building,   vessel   allowed  by  law   publication  may  fall;  and  
or  other  means  of  transportation   2. Maintaining   or   employing   a   totalizer   or   other   2. W/N   such   publication   or   act   shocks   the  
2. The   place,   building,   vessel   or   other   means   of   device   or   scheme   for   betting   on   races   or   ordinary   and   common   sense   of   men   as   an  
transportation   is   owned   or   controlled   by   the   realizing   profit   therefrom,   during   the   periods   indecency  
offender   not  allowed  by  law   Art.  202:  Vagrants  and  Prostitutes  
3. The  offender  permitted  the  carrying  on  of  such     *Repealed  (only  Prostitution  is  prohibited  now)  
game,  knowing  that  it  is  a  gambling  game   Art.  199:  Illegal  cockfighting  (repealed?)   Prostitutes  –  a  woman  is  a  prostitute  when    
    1. She  habitually  indulges  in  
Art.  195:  What  acts  are  punishable  in  gambling   Cockfighting  law  of  1974  (PD  449)   a. sexual  intercourse  
  • Permitting   gambling   of   any   kind   in   cockpit   is   b. lascivious  conduct  
  punished  under  the  same  Decree   2. For  money  or  profit  
  • Spectators   in   a   cockfight   are   not   liable;   Must    
  participate  in  the  cockfight  as  bettor  to  be  liable    
     

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
TITLE  7:  CRIMES  COMMITTED  BY  PUBLIC  OFFICERS   4. It   is   due   to   his   Inexcusable   Negligence   or   he   does   Not   cause   the   prosecution   of   the  
  Ignorance   criminal     or   knowing   that   a   crime   is   about   to   be  
Chapter  1:  Preliminary  Provisions       committed,  he  tolerates  its  commission  
  Art.  206:  Unjust  Interlocutory  Order     3. The   offender   acts   with   Malice   and   deliberate  
Art.  203:  Who  are  Public  Officers   Elements   intent  to  favor  the  violator  of  the  law  
Requisites   1. The  offender  is  a  Judge    
1. To  be  a  public  officer,  one  must  be   2. He  performs  any  of  the  following  acts:   Who  can  be  offenders  
a. Taking   part   in   the   performance   of   Public   a. Knowingly   renders   unjust   interlocutory   1. Public   officer   –   extends   to   officers   of   the  
Functions  in  the  Government,  or     order  or  decree;  or     prosecution   department,   whose   duty   is   to  
b. Performing  in  said  Government  or  in  any  of   b. Renders   a   manifestly   unjust   interlocutory   institute  criminal  proceedings  for  felonies  upon  
its  branches  public  duties  as  an  employee,   order   or   decree   through   inexcusable   being  informed  of  their  perpetration  
agent  or  subordinate  official,  of  any  rank  or   negligence  or  ignorance.     2. Officer   of   the   law   –   includes   all   those   who,   by  
class     reason   of   the   position   held   by   them,   are   duty-­‐
2. His   authority   to   take   part   in   the   performance   of   Art.   207:   Malicious   Delay   in   the   Administration   of   bound   to   cause   the   prosecution   and  
public   functions   or   to   perform   public   duties   Justice     punishment  of  the  offenders  
must  be  by   Elements    
a. Direct  provision  of  the  Law,     1. The  offender  is  a  Judge   Art.   209:   Betrayal   of   Trust   by   an   Attorney   or  
b. Popular  Election,  or     2. There  is  a  Proceeding  in  his  court   Solicitor  –  Revelation  of  Secrets  
c. Appointment  by  competent  authority   3. He  Delays  the  administration  of  justice   Acts  Punished  (Betrayal  of  Trust  by  Attorney)  
  4. The   delay   is   Malicious,   that   is,   the   delay   is   1. Causing  Damage  to  his  client,  either  by:  
Chapter  2:  Malfeasance  and  Misfeasance  in  Office     caused   by   the   judge   with   deliberate   intent   to   a. Any  Malicious  Breach  of  professional  duty,    
  inflict  damage  on  either  party  in  the  case   b. Inexcusable  Negligence  or  Ignorance  
Art.  204:  Knowingly  Rendering  Unjust  Judgment       • When   the   attorney   acts   with   malicious  
Art.   208:   Prosecution   of   offenses;   Negligence   and   abuse   of   his   employment   or   inexcusable  
Elements  
Tolerance     negligence   or   ignorance,   there   must   be  
1. The  offender  is  a  Judge  
Acts  punishable   damage  to  his  client  
2. He   renders   a   judgment   in   a   case   Submitted   to  
1. Maliciously   Refraining   from   instituting   2. Revealing   any   of   the   secrets   of   his   client  
him  for  decision  
prosecution  against  violators  of  the  law   learned  by  him  in  his  Professional  Capacity  
3. The  judgment  is  Unjust  
2. Maliciously   Tolerating   the   commission   of   • Damage  is  not  necessary  
4. The  judge  Knows  that  his  judgment  is  unjust    
offenses   3. Undertaking  the  Defense  of  the  opposing  party  
 
  in   the   same   case,   without   the   consent   of   his  
Art.  205:  Judgment  rendered  through  Negligence    
Elements  (Dereliction  of  duty  in  the  Prosecution  of   first   client,   after   having   undertaken   the   defense  
Elements  
offenses)   of   said   first   client   or   after   having   received  
1. The  offender  is  a  Judge  
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  officer  of  the   confidential  information  from  said  client  
2. He   renders   a   Judgment   in   a   case   submitted   to  
law  who  has  a  duty  to  cause  the  prosecution  of,   • If   the   client   consents   to   the   attorney's  
him  for  decision  
or  to  prosecute,  offenses   taking   the   defense   of   the   other   party,  
3. The  judgment  is  Manifestly  Unjust  
2. There   is   dereliction   of   the   duties   of   his   office;   there  is  no  crime  
that   is,   Knowing   the   commission   of   the   crime,    

15
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  210:  Direct  Bribery     Art.  211:  Indirect  Bribery   with   any   person   with   regard   to   Furnishing  
Acts  Punishable   Elements   Supplies,   the   Making   of   Contracts,   or   the  
A  public  officer  commits  direct  bribery  by   • The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   Adjustment   or   Settlement   of   Accounts   relating  
1. Agreeing   to   perform,   or   by   performing,   in   • He  Accepts  gifts   to  public  property  or  funds.    
consideration   of   any   offer,   promise,   gift   or   • The   said   gifts   are   offered   to   him   by   reason   of   2. Demanding,   directly   or   indirectly,   the   payment  
present   —   an   act   constituting   a   Crime,   in   his  Office   of   sums   Different   from   or   larger   than   those  
connection  with  the  Performance  of  his  official     authorized   by   law,   in   the   collection   of   taxes,  
duties   Art.  211-­‐A:  Qualified  Bribery     licenses,  fees,  and  other  imposts  
2. Accepting   a   gift   in   consideration   of   the   Elements     3. Failing   voluntarily   to   Issue   a   Receipt,   as  
execution   of   an   act   which   does   Not   constitute   a   1. The   offender   is   a   Public   Officer   entrusted   with   provided   by   law,   for   any   sum   of   money  
Crime,   in   connection   with   the   Performance   of   Law  Enforcement   collected   by   him   officially,   in   the   collection   of  
his  official  duty   2. The   offender   Refrains   from   Arresting   or   taxes,  licenses,  fees,  and  other  imposts  
3. Agreeing  to  Refrain,  or  by  refraining,  from  doing   Prosecuting   an   offender   who   has   committed   a   4. Collecting  or  Receiving,  directly  or  indirectly,  by  
something   which   it   is   his   official   duty   to   do,   in   crime   punishable   by   reclusion   perpetua   and/or   way  of  payment  or  otherwise,  things  or  objects  
consideration  of  gift  or  promise   death   of  a  Nature  Different  from  that  provided  by  law,  
  3. The   offender   refrains   from   arresting   or   in   the   collection   of   taxes,   licenses,   fees,   and  
Elements   prosecuting   the   offender   in   Consideration   of   other  imposts  
1. The   offender   be   a   Public   Officer   within   the   any  Promise,  Gift  or  Present    
scope  of  Art.  203     Elements  (Frauds  Against  Public  Treasury)  (par.  1)  
2. The   offender   Accepts   an   offer   or   a   promise   or   Art.  212:  Corruption  of  Public  Officials   1. The  offender  be  a  Public  Officer  
Receives  a  gift  or    present  by  himself  or  through   Elements   2. He   should   have   Taken   Advantage   of   his   office,  
another   1. The  offender  makes  Offers  or  Promises  or  Gives   that   is,   he   intervened   in   the   transaction   in   his  
3. Such   offer   or   promise   be   accepted,   or   gift   or   gifts  or  presents  to  a  public  officer   official  capacity  
present  received  by    the  public  officer       2. The  offers  or  promises  are  made  or  the  gifts  or   3. He   entered   into   an   agreement   with   any  
a. With  a  view  to  Committing  some  crime,     presents   given   to   a   public   officer,   under   interested   party   or   speculator   or   made   use   of  
b. In  consideration  of  the  execution  of  an  act   Circumstances  that  will  Make  the  public  officer   any  other  scheme  with  regard  to  (1)  Furnishing  
which   does   Not   constitute   a   Crime,   but   the   liable  for  Direct  Bribery  or  Indirect  Bribery     Supplies,  (2)  the  Making  of  Contracts,  or  (3)  the  
act  must  be  unjust,  or     Adjustment   or   Settlement   of   Accounts   relating  
c. To   Refrain   from   doing   something   which   it   Chapter   3:   Frauds   and   Illegal   Exactions   and   to  public  property  or  funds  
is  his  official  duty  to  do   Transactions   4. The   accused   had   Intent   to   Defraud   the  
4. That   the   act   which   the   offender   Agrees   to   Government  
 
perform   or   which   he   executes    be   connected    
Art.   213:   Frauds   against   the   Public   Treasury   and  
with  the  performance  o  f  his  official  duties    
Similar  Offenses    
   
Acts  Punishable      
 
1. Entering  into  an  Agreement  with  any  Interested    
 
party  or  Speculator  or  making  use  of  any  other    
 
scheme,  to  defraud  the  Government,  in  dealing    
 
16
TONIC
Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Elements  (Illegal  Exactions)     Art.   216:   Possession   of   Prohibited   Interest   by   a   Art.   218:   Failure   of   Accountable   Officer   to   Render  
1. The   offender   is   a   Public   Officer   Entrusted   with   Public  Officer   Accounts  
the  collection  of  taxes,  licenses,  fees  and  other   Who  are  Liable   Elements  
imposts.     1. Public   officer   who,   directly   or   indirectly,   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer,  whether  in  the  
2. He   is   guilty   of   any   of   the   following   acts   or   became   interested   in   any   contract   or   business   service  or  separated  therefrom  
omissions:     in  which  it  was  his  official  duty  to  intervene   2. He   must   be   an   Accountable   Officer   for   public  
a. Demanding,   directly   or   indirectly,   the   2. Experts,   Arbitrators,   and   Private   Accountants   funds  or  property  
payment   of   sums   Different    from   or   larger   who,   in   like   manner,   took   part   in   any   contract   3. He   is   required   by   law   or   regulation   to   Render  
than  those  authorized  by  law   or   transaction   connected   with   the   estate   or   Accounts   to   the   Commission   on   Audit,   or   to   a  
b. Failing   voluntarily   to   Issue   a   Receipt,   as   property   in   the   appraisal,   distribution   or   provincial  auditor  
provided   by   law,   for   any    sum   of   money   adjudication  of  which  they  had  acted   4. He   Fails   to   do   so   for   a   period   of   two   months  
collected  by  him  officially,  or   3. Guardians   and   Executors   with   respect   to   the   after  such  accounts  should  be  rendered  
c. Collecting   or   receiving,   directly   or   property  belonging  to  their  wards  or  the  estate    
indirectly,  by  way  of  payment  or  otherwise,     Art.   219:   Failure   of   a   Responsible   Public   Officer   to  
things  or  objects  of  a  nature  Different  from   Chapter   4:   Malversation   of   Public   Funds   or   Render  Accounts  Before  Leaving  the  Country  
that  provided  by  law   Property   Elements  
    1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  
Art.  214:  Other  Frauds   Art.  217:  Malversation  of  Public  Funds  or  Property   2. He   must   be   an   Accountable   Officer   for   public  
Elements   –  Presumption  of  Malversation     funds  or  property  
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   Acts  Punished   3. He   must   have   Unlawfully   Left   (or   be   on   the  
2. He  takes  Advantage  of  his  official  position   1. Appropriating  Public  Funds  or  Property   point   of   leaving)   the   Philippines   without  
3. He   commits   any   of   the   Frauds   or   Deceits   2. Taking  or  Misappropriation  the  same   securing   from   the   Commission   on   Audit   a  
enumerated   in   Arts.   315   to   318   (Estafa,   Other   3. Consenting   or   Permitting,   through   certificate  showing  that  his  accounts  have  been  
Forms   of   Swindling,   Swindling   a   Minor,   Other   abandonment   or   negligence,   any   other   person   finally  settled  
Deceits)   to  take  such  public  funds  or  property    
  4. Being  Otherwise  Guilty  of  the  misappropriation   Art.   220:   Illegal   Use   of   Public   Funds   or   Property  
Art.  215:  Prohibited  Transactions   or  malversation  of  such  funds  or  property   (Technical  Malversation)  
Elements     Elements  
1. The  offender  is  an  Appointive  Public  Officer   Elements  (Common  to  All)   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  
2. He  becomes  Interested,  directly  or  indirectly,  in   1. The  offender  be  a  Public  Officer   2. There   is   Public   Fund   or   Property   under   his  
any  Transaction  of    exchange  or  speculation   2. He   had   the   Custody   or   Control   of   funds   or   Administration  
3. The  transaction  takes  place  Within  the  Territory   property  by  reason  of  the  duties  of  his  office   3. Such   public   fund   or   property   has   been  
subject  to  his  jurisdiction   3. Those   funds   or   property   were   Public   Funds   or   Appropriated  by  Law  or  Ordinance  
4. He   becomes   interested   in   the   transaction   property  for  which  he  was  accountable   4. He  Applies  the  same  to  a  public  use  Other  than  
During  his  Incumbency   4. He   Appropriated,   Took,   Misappropriated   or   that   for   which   such   fund   or   property   has   been  
  Consented   or,   through   Abandonment   or   appropriated  by  law  or  ordinance  
  Negligence,   permitted   another   person   to   take    
  them  
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.   221:   Failure   to   Make   Delivery   of   Public   Funds   Chapter  5:  Infidelity  of  Public  Officers   Section   Two:   Infidelity   in   the   Custody   of  
or  Property     Documents  
Acts  Punishable   Art.  223:  Conniving  with  or  Consenting  to  Evasion    
1. Failing  to  Make  Payment  by  a  public  officer  who   Elements   Art.   226:   Removal,   Concealment   or   Destruction   of  
is  under  obligation  to  make  such  payment  from   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   Documents  
Government  funds  in  his  possession   2. He   had   in   his   Custody   or   charge,   a   Prisoner,   Elements  
2. Refusing   to   Make   Delivery   by   a   public   officer   either   Detention   prisoner   or   prisoner   by   Final   1. The  offender  be  a  Public  Officer  
who  has  been  ordered  by  Competent  Authority   judgment   2. He   Abstracts,   Destroys   or   Conceals   documents  
to  deliver  any  property  in  his  custody  or  under   3. Such  prisoner  Escaped  from  his  custody   or  papers  
his  administration     4. He   was   in   Connivance   with   the   prisoner   in   the   3. The   said   documents   or   papers   should   have  
Elements  (Failure  to  Make  Payment)  (1st  act)   latter’s  escape   been  Entrusted  to  such  public  officer  by  reason  
1. The  Public  Officer  has  Government  funds  in  his     of  his  office  
Possession   Classes  of  prisoners  involved   4. Damage,   whether   serious   or   not,   to   a   third  
2. He   is   under   Obligation   to   make   payment   from   1. Fugitive   been   sentenced   by   Final   judgment   to   party  or  to  the  public  interest  should  have  been  
such  funds   any  penalty   caused  
3. He  Fails  to  Make  the  Payment  Maliciously   2. Fugitive  held  only  as  Detention  prisoner  for  any    
  crime  or  violation  of  law  or  municipal  ordinance   Art.  227:  Officer  Breaking  Seal    
Refusal  (2nd  act)     Elements  
• Refusal  to  Make  Delivery  of  property  must  also   Art.  224:  Evasion  through  Negligence   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  
be  Malicious   Elements   2. He   is   charged   with   the   Custody   of   papers   or  
  1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   property  
Art.   222:   Officers   included   in   the   preceding   2. He   is   charged   with   the   Conveyance   or   Custody   3. These  papers  or  property  are  Sealed  by  proper  
provisions   of   a   Prisoner,   either   Detention   prisoner   or   authority  
Private   Individuals   Who   May   Be   Liable   under   Art.   prisoner  by  Final  judgment   4. He   Breaks   the   seals   or   Permits   them   to   be  
217-­‐221   3. Such  prisoner  Escapes  through  his  Negligence   broken  
1.   Private   individuals   who,   in   any   capacity   whatever,      
have  charge  of  any  national,  provincial  or  municipal   Art.  225:  Escape  of  Prisoner  Under  the  Custody  of  a   Art.  228:  Opening  of  Closed  Documents  
funds,  revenue,  or  property   Person  Not  a  Public  Officer   Elements  
2.  Administrator  or  Depositary  of  funds  or  property   Elements   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  
Attached,   Seized,   or   Deposited   by   Public   Authority,   1. The  offender  is  a  Private  Person   2. Any   Closed   papers,   documents,   or   objects   are  
even  if  such  property  belongs  to  a  private  individual     2. The   Conveyance   or   custody   of   a   prisoner   or   entrusted  to  his  custody  
  person  under  arrest  is  Confided  to  him   3. He   Opens   or   Permits   to   be   opened   said   closed  
  3. The  prisoner  or  person  under  arrest  Escapes   papers,  documents  or  objects  
  4. The   offender   Consents   to   the   escape   of   the   4. He  does  Not  have  proper  authority  
  prisoner   or   person   under   arrest,   or   that   the    
  escape  takes  place  through  his  Negligence    
     
 
18
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Section  Three:  Revelation  of  Secrets   Chapter   6:   Other   Offenses   or   Irregularities   by   Art.  234:  Refusal  to  Discharge  Elective  Office  
  Public  Officers     Elements  
Art.  229:  Revelation  of  Secrets  by  an  Officer     1. The  offender  is  Elected  by  popular  election  to  a  
Acts  punishable   Art.  231:  Open  Disobedience     public  office    
1. Revealing   any   Secrets   Known   to   the   offending   Elements   2. He   Refuses   to   be   Sworn   in   or   to   discharge   the  
public  officer  by  reason  of  his  Official  Capacity   1. The  offender  is  a  Judicial  or  Executive  Officer   duties  of  said  office  
2. Delivering   Wrongfully   papers   or   copies   of   2. There   is   a   judgment,   Decision   or   order   of   a   3. There  is  No  Legal  Motive  for  such  refusal  to  be  
papers  of  which  he  may  have  charge  and  which   superior  authority   sworn  in  or  to  discharge  the  duties  of  said  office  
should  not  be  published   3. Such   judgment,   decision   or   order   was   made    
  Within   the   Scope   of   the   jurisdiction   of   the   Art.  235:  Maltreatment  of  Prisoners    
Elements  of  1st  act   superior   authority   and   issued   with   all   the   legal   Elements  
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   formalities   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  or  Employee  
2. He   knows   of   a   Secret   by   reason   of   his   Official   4. The   offender   Without   any   Legal   Justification   2. He  has  under  his  charge  a  Prisoner  or  Detention  
Capacity   Openly   Refuses   to   execute   the   said   judgment,   prisoner  
3. He   Reveals   such   secret   Without   Authority   or   decision   or   order,   which   he   is   duty   bound   to   3. He   Maltreats   such   prisoner   in   either   of   the  
Justifiable  Reason   obey   following  manners:  
4. Damage,   great   or   small,   be   caused   to   the   public     a. Overdoing   himself   in   the   correction   or  
interest   Art.  232:  Disobedience  to  Order  of  Superior  Officer,   handling   of   a   prisoner   or   detention  
  When  said  order  was  Suspended  by  Inferior  Officer   prisoner  under  his  charge  either  by  
Elements  of  2nd  act   Elements   i. The   imposition   of   punishments   Not  
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   Authorized  by  the  regulations  
2. He  has  Charge  of  papers   2. An  Order  is  issued  by  his  Superior  for  execution   ii. Inflicting   such   punishments   (those  
3. Those  papers  should  Not  be  Published   3. He   has   for   any   reason   Suspended   the   execution   authorized)  in  a  Cruel  and  Humiliating  
4. He  Delivers  those  papers  or  copies  thereof  to  a   of  such  order   manner    
Third  Person   4. His  Superior  Disapproves  the  suspension  of  the   b. Maltreating   such   prisoner   to   extort   a  
5. The  delivery  is  Wrongful   execution  of  the  order     confession   or   to   obtain   some   information  
6. Damage  be  caused  to  public  interest   5. The   offender   Disobeys   his   Superior   despite   the   from  the  prisoner  
  disapproval  of  the  suspension      
Art.  230:  Public  Officer  Revealing  Secrets  of  Private      
Individual   Art.  233:  Refusal  of  assistance    
Elements   Elements    
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer    
2. He  knows  of  the  Secrets  of  a  Private  Individual   2. A   competent   authority   Demands   from   the    
by  Reason  of  his  office   offender   that   he   lend   his   cooperation   towards    
3. He   Reveals   such   secrets   without   authority   or   the   administration   of   justice   or   other   public    
justifiable  reason   service    
  3. The  offender  Fails  to  do  so  Maliciously    
 

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Art.  236:  Anticipation  of  Duties  of  a  Public  Office   Art.  239:  Usurpation  of  Legislative  Powers   5. He  Continues  the  proceeding  
Elements   Elements    
1. The   offender   is   Entitled   to   Hold   a   public   office   1. The  offender  is  an  Executive  or  Judicial  Officer   Art.   243:   Orders   or   Requests   by   Executive   officers  
or   employment,   either   by   election   or   2. He:   to  any  judicial  authority  
appointment   a. Makes  general  rules  or  regulations  Beyond   Elements  
2. The  law  Requires  that  he  should  first  be  Sworn   the  Scope  of  his  authority,     1. The  offender  is  an  Executive  Officer    
in  and/or  should  first  give  a  Bond   b. Attempts  to  Repeal  a  Law,  or     2. He   Addresses   any   order   or   suggestion   to   any  
3. He  Assumes  the  performance  of  the  duties  and   c. Suspends  the  Execution  thereof   judicial  authority  
powers  of  such  office     3. The   order   or   suggestion   relates   to   any   case   or  
4. He   has   Not   Taken   his   Oath   of   office   and/or   Art.  240:  Usurpation  of  Executive  Functions   business   coming    within   the   Exclusive  
given  the  bond  required  by  law   Elements   Jurisdiction  of  the  courts  of  justice  
  1. The  offender  is  a  Judge    
Art.   237:   Prolonging   Performance   of   Duties   and   2. He:   Art.  244:  Unlawful  Appointments  
Powers   a. Assumes   a   power   pertaining   to   the   Elements  
Elements   Executive  authorities,  or     1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer  
1. The  offender  is  holding  a  Public  Office   b. Obstructs   the   Executive   authorities   in   the   2. He  Nominates  or  Appoints  a  person  to  a  public  
2. The   Period   provided   by   Law,   Regulations,   or   lawful  exercise  of  their  powers   office  
Special   provisions   for   holding   such   office   has     3. Such   person   Lacks   the   Legal   Qualifications  
already  expired   Art.  241:  Usurpation  of  Judicial  Functions   therefor  
3. He   Continues   to   exercise   the   duties   and   powers   Elements     4. The   offender   Knows   that   his   nominee   or  
of  such  office     1. The   offender   is   an   officer   of   the   Executive   appointee  lacks  the  qualifications  at  the  time  he  
  branch  of  the  Government   made  the  nomination  or  appointment  
Art.  238:  Abandonment  of  Office  or  Position   2. He:    
Elements   a. Assumes  Judicial  powers,  or     Art.  245:  Abuses  Against  Chastity  
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   b. Obstructs   the   Execution   of   any   order   or   Acts  Punished  
2. He  formally  Resigns  from  his  position   decision   rendered   by   any   judge   within   his   1. Soliciting   or   making   Immoral   or   Indecent  
3. His  resignation  has  Not  yet  been  Accepted   jurisdiction   Advances   to   a   woman   interested   in   matters  
4. He  Abandons  his  office  to  the  detriment  of  the     pending   before   the   offending   officer   for  
public  service   Art.  242:  Disobeying  Request  for  Disqualification   decision,  or  with  respect  to  which  he  is  required  
  Elements   to  submit  a  report  to  or  consult  with  a  superior  
Qualifying  Circumstance   1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   officer  
• If   the   abandonment   of   the   office   has   for   its   2. A   proceeding   is   Pending   before   such   public   2. Soliciting   or   making   immoral   or   indecent  
purpose  to  evade  the  discharge  of  the  duties  of   officer.     advances   to   a   woman   under   the   offender’s  
preventing,  prosecuting,  or  punishing  any  of  the   3. There   is   a   question   brought   before   the   proper   custody    
crimes  falling  within  Title  One  and  Chapter  One   authority  regarding  his  jurisdiction,  which  is  Not   3. Soliciting   or   making   immoral   or   indecent  
of  Title  Three  of  Book  Two,  the  penalty  is  higher   Yet  Decided   advances   to   the   wife,   daughter,   sister,   or  
  4. He  has  been  Lawfully  Required  to  Refrain  from   relative   within   the   same   degree   by   affinity   of  
continuing  the  proceeding    
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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
any   person   in   the   custody   of   the   offending   Art.   247:   Death   or   Physical   Injuries   inflicted   under   Qualifying  Circumstances  
warden  or  officer     Exceptional  Circumstances   1. With   treachery,   taking   advantage   of   superior  
  Elements   strength,   with   the   aid   of   armed   men,   or  
Elements   1. A   legally   Married   Person   or   a   Parent   Surprises   employing  means  to  weaken  the  defense,  or  of  
1. The  offender  is  a  Public  Officer   his  Spouse  or  his  Daughter,  the  latter  under  18   means  or  persons  to  insure  or  afford  impunity;  
2. He   solicits   or   makes   Immoral   or   Indecent   years   of   age   and   living   with   him,   in   the   act   of   2. In  consideration  of  a  price,  reward  or  promise;  
Advances  to  a  woman   committing   Sexual   Intercourse   with   another   3. By  means  of  inundation,  fire,  poison,  explosion,  
3. Such  a  woman  must  be     person   shipwreck,   stranding   of   a   vessel,   derailment   or  
a. Interested   in   matters   Pending   before   the   2. He   or   she   Kills   any   or   both   of   them   or   inflicts   assault   upon   a   railroad,   fall   of   an   airship,   by  
offender   for   decision,   or   with   respect   to   upon   any   or   both   of   them   any   serious   physical   means   of   motor   vehicles,   or   with   the   use   of   any  
which  he  is  required  to  submit  a  report  to   injury  in  the  act  or  immediately  after   other  means  involving  great  waste  and  ruin;  
or  consult  with  a  superior  officer   3. He   has   Not   Promoted   or   Facilitated   the   4. On   occasion   of   any   of   the   calamities  
b. Under  the  Custody  of  the  offender  who  is  a   prostitution   of   his   wife   or   daughter,   or   that   he   enumerated   in   the   preceding   paragraph,   or   of  
warden   or   other   public   officer   directly   or   she   has   NOT   consented   to   the   infidelity   of   an   earthquake,   eruption   of   a   volcano,  
charged   with   the   care   and   custody   of   the  other  spouse     destructive   cyclone,   epidemic,   or   any   other  
prisoners  or  persons  under  arrest     public  calamity;  
c. The   Wife,   Daughter,   Sister,   or   Relative   • Art.  247  does  not  define  and  penalize  a  felony;   5. With  evident  premeditation;  or  
within   the   same   degree   by   Affinity   of   the   The   accused   shall   be   sentenced   to   destierro   6. With   cruelty,   by   deliberately   and   inhumanly  
person  in  the  custody  of  the  offender   only,   instead  of  the  severe  penalty  for  parricide,   augmenting   the   suffering   of   the   victim,   or  
  homicide,  or  serious  physical  injuries     outraging  or  scoffing  at  his  person  or  corpse  
TITLE  8:  CRIMES  AGAINST  PERSONS      
  Cases   where   a   person   who   committed   parricide   is   Art.  249:  Homicide  
Chapter  1:  Destruction  of  Life   not  punished  with  reclusion  perpetua  to  death   Elements  
  1. When   parricide   is   committed   through   1. A  person  was  Killed  
Art.  246:  Parricide   Negligence  (Art.  365)     2. The   accused   Killed   him   without   any   justifying  
Elements   2. When  it  is  committed  by  Mistake  (Art.  249)     circumstance  
1. A  person  is  Killed   3. When   it   is   committed   under   Exceptional   3. The   accused   had   the   Intention   to   kill,   which   is  
2. The  deceased  is  killed  By  the  Accused   Circumstances  (Art.  247)     presumed  
3. The   deceased   is   the   Father,   Mother,   or   Child,     4. The   killing   was   not   attended   by   any   of   the  
whether   legitimate   or   illegitimate,   or   a   Art.  248:  Murder   qualifying   circumstances   of   murder,   or   by   that  
legitimate   other   Ascendant   or   other   Elements   of  parricide  or  infanticide  
Descendant,   or   the   legitimate   Spouse,   of   the   1. A  person  was  Killed      
accused   2. The  Accused  killed  him   Art.   250:   Penalty   for   Frustrated   parricide,   murder,  
  3. The   killing   was   attended   by   any   of   the   or  homicide  
  Qualifying  Circumstances  mentioned  in  Art.  248   Notes:  
  4. The  killing  is  not  parricide  or  infanticide     • Courts   may   impose   a   penalty   2   degrees   lower  
  for   frustrated   parricide,   murder,   or   homicide;  
  This  is  permissive,  not  mandatory  

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• Courts   may   impose   a   penalty   3   degrees   lower   4. All   those   who   appear   to   have   used   violence   Elements  
for  attempted  parricide,  murder,  or  homicide   upon   the   person   of   the   offended   party   are   1. There  is  a  Pregnant  woman  
  Known   2. Violence   is   exerted,   or   Drugs   or   Beverages  
Art.  251:  Death  caused  in  a  Tumultuous  Affray     administered,   or   that   the   accused   otherwise  
Elements   Art.  253:  Giving  Assistance  to  Suicide   acts  upon  such  pregnant  woman  
1. There  be  Several  persons   Acts  Punishable   3. As  a  result  of  the  violence  or  drugs  or  beverages  
2. They  did  not  compose  groups  organized  for  the   1. Assisting   another   to   commit   suicide,   whether   upon   her,   or   any   other   act   of   the   accused,   the  
common   purpose   of   assaulting   and   attacking   the  suicide  is  consummated  or  not   Fetus   Dies,   either   in   the   womb   or   after   having  
each  other  reciprocally   2. Lending   his   assistance   to   another   to   commit   been  expelled  therefrom  
3. These   several   persons   quarreled   and   assaulted   suicide  to  the  extent  of  doing  the  killing  himself   4. Abortion  is  Intended  
one   another   in   a   Confused   and   Tumultuous   Art.  254:  Discharge  of  Firearms      
manner   Elements   Persons  liable  
4. Someone  was  killed  in  the  course  of  the  affray   1. The  offender  Discharges  a  Firearm  against  or  at   1. Person  who  intentionally  caused  the  abortion  
5. It  cannot  be  Ascertained  who  actually  killed  the   another  person   2. The   woman   is   liable   under   Art.   258   (abortion  
deceased   2. The   offender   has   No   Intention   to   kill   that   practiced   by   the   woman   herself   or   by   her  
6. The   person   or   persons   who   inflicted   Serious   person   parents),   if   she   consented   to   the   abortion  
Physical   Injuries   or   who   used   Violence   can   be     caused  on  her  
identified   Art.  255:  Infanticide     • If  she  did  not  consent,  she  is  not  liable  
   
Elements  
Who  are  liable  for  death  in  a  tumultuous  affray?   Art.  257:  Unintentional  Abortion    
1. A  Child  was  Killed  
1. The   person   or   persons   who   inflicted   the   serious   2. The   deceased   child   was   less   than   3   days   (72   Elements  
physical  injuries  are  liable   hours)  of  age   1. There  is  a  Pregnant  woman  
2. If   it   is   not   known   who   inflicted   the   serious   3. The  accused  Killed  the  said  child   2. Violence   is   used   upon   such   pregnant   woman  
physical   injuries   on   the   deceased,   all   the     without  intending  an  abortion  
persons  who  used  violence  upon  the  person  of   Art.  256:  Intentional  abortion     3. The  violence  is  intentionally  exerted  
the  victim  are  liable,  but  with  lesser  liability   Acts  Punished   4. As  a  result  of  the  violence  the  fetus  dies,  either  
  1. Using   any   Violence   upon   the   person   of   the   in   the   womb   or   after   having   been   expelled  
Art.  252:  Physical  Injuries  inflicted  in  a  Tumultuous   therefrom  
pregnant  woman  
Affray    
2. Acting,   but   without   using   violence,  without   the  
Elements   consent   of   the   woman   (by   administering   drugs    
1. There   is   a   Tumultuous   Affray   as   referred   to   in    
or   beverages   upon   such   pregnant   woman  
the  preceding  article    
without  her  consent)  
2. A   participant   or   some   participants   thereof   3. Acting   (by   administering   drugs   or   beverages),    
suffer   Serious   Physical   Injuries   or   Physical    
with  the  consent  of  the  pregnant  woman  
Injuries  of  a  Less  Serious  nature  only    
 
3. The   person   responsible   therefor   cannot   be      
identified    
 
 

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Art.  258:  Abortion  practiced  by  the  Woman  Herself   Who  are  liable?   Elements  (First  Kind)  
or  by  Her  Parents     1. The   person   who   killed   or   inflicted   physical   1. There   be   castration,   that   is,   mutilation   of  
Elements   injuries  upon  his  adversary,  or  both  combatants   organs   necessary   for   generation,   such   as   the  
1. There  is  a  Pregnant  woman  who  has  suffered  an   in  any  other  case,  as  principals   penis  or  ovarium  
abortion   2. The  seconds,  as  accomplices   2. The   mutilation   is   caused   purposely   and  
2. The  abortion  is  intended     deliberately,   that   is,   to   deprive   the   offended  
3. The  abortion  is  caused  by:   1. If   death   results,   penalty   is   the   same   for   party  of  some  essential  organ  for  reproduction  
a. The  pregnant  Woman  herself,   homicide    
b. Any  Other  person,  with  her  consent,  or   2. The   penalty   is   for   the   physical   injuries   inflicted   Art.  263:  Serious  Physical  Injuries    
c. Any   of   Her   Parents   with   her   consent   for   only   even   when   the   agreement   is   to   fight   to   How   is   the   crime   of   serious   physical   injuries  
the  purpose  of  concealing  her  dishonor   death   committed?  
  3. If   only   slight   physical   injuries   are   inflicted   in   a   1. Wounding,  
Art.   259:   Abortion   practiced   by   a   Physician   or   duel,  the  penalty  must  be  arresto  menor     2. Beating,  
Midwife  and  Dispensing  of  Abortives     3. Assaulting  (Art.  263),  or  
Elements   Art.  261:  Challenging  to  a  Duel     4. Administering  Injurious  Substance  (Art.  264)  
1. There  is  a  Pregnant  woman  who  has  suffered  an   Acts  Punished    
abortion   1. Challenging  another  to  a  duel   What  are  serious  physical  injuries?  
2. The  abortion  is  Intended   2. Inciting   another   to   give   or   accept   a   challenge   to   1. The   injured   person   becomes   Insane,   Imbecile,  
3. The   offender,   who   must   be   a   Physician   or   a  duel   Impotent   or   Blind   in   consequence   of   the  
Midwife,   causes,   or   assists   in   causing   the   3. Scoffing   at   or   decrying   another   publicly   for   physical  injuries  inflicted  
abortion   having   refused   to   accept   a   challenge   to   fight   a   2. The  injured  person  
4. Said   physician   or   midwife   Takes   Advantage   of   duel   a. Loses   the   use   of   Speech   or   the   power   to  
his  or  her  scientific  knowledge  or  skill     hear  or  to  Smell,  or  loses  an  Eye,  a  Hand,  a  
  Persons  responsible   Foot,  an  Arm,  or  a  Leg,    
As  to  the  pharmacists,  the  elements  are   1. Challengers   b. Loses  the  Use  of  any  such  member,  or  
1. The  offender  is  a  pharmacist   2. Instigators   c. Becomes   Incapacitated   for   the   work   in  
2. There  is  no  proper  prescription  from  a  physician     which   he   was   theretofore   habitually  
3. The  offender  dispenses  any  abortive   Art.  262:  Mutilation   engaged,   in   consequence   of   the   Physical  
  Two  kinds  of  mutilation   Injuries  inflicted  
Art.  260:  Responsibility  of  participants  in  a  duel   1. Intentionally   mutilating   another   by   depriving   3. The  person  injured  
Acts  Punished     him,  either  totally  or  partially,  of  some  Essential   a. Becomes  Deformed  
1. Killing  one's  adversary  in  a  duel   Organ  for  Reproduction   b. Loses  any  other  Member  of  his  body,    
2. Inflicting  upon  such  adversary  Physical  Injuries   2. Intentionally   making   other   mutilation,   that   is,   c. Loses  the  Use  thereof,  or  
3. Making   a   Combat   although   no   physical   injuries   by   Lopping   or   Clipping   off   Any   Part   of   the   d. Becomes   ill   or   incapacitated   for   the  
have  been  inflicted   offended   party,   other   than   the   essential   organ   performance   of   the   work   in   which   he   was  
  for   reproduction,   to   deprive   him   of   the   part   of   habitually  engaged  for  more  than  90  days,  
  his  body   in   consequence   of   the   physical   injuries  
    inflicted  

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4. The   injured   becomes   ill   or   incapacitated   for   Qualified  less  serious  physical  injuries   3. Such   act   is   accomplished   under   any   of   the  
labor   for   more   than   30   days   (but   must   not   be   1. Fine  not  exceeding  P500,  in  addition  to  arresto   following  circumstances:  
more   than   90   days),   as   a   result   of   the   physical   mayor  when   a. By  using  Force  or  Intimidation,  
injuries  inflicted   a. There   is   a   manifest   intent   to   insult   or   b. When  the  woman  is  deprived  of  reason  or  
  offend  the  injured  person,  or     otherwise  Unconscious,  
Qualified  serious  physical  injuries   b. There   are   circumstances   adding   ignominy   c. By   means   of   Fraudulent   machination   or  
• If  the  offense  is  committed  against  any  of  the   to  the  offense   Grave  Abuse  of  Authority,  or  
persons   enumerated   in   the   article   defining   2. A  higher  penalty  is  imposed  when  the  victim  is   d. When  the  woman  is  under  12  years  of  age  
the   crime   of   parricide   (Art.   264),   or   with   either   (statutory  rape)  or  Demented  
attendance   of   any   of   the   circumstances   a. The   offender's   parents,   ascendants,    
mentioned  in  the  article  defining  the  crime  of   guardians,  curators  or  teachers,  or   Elements  of  Rape  through  Sexual  Assault  (par.  2)  
murder   (Art.   268),   the   law   provides   higher   b. Persons   of   rank   or   persons   in   authority,   1. The  offender  commits  an  act  of  Sexual  Assault  
penalties   provided  the  crime  is  not  direct  assault   2. The  act  of  sexual  assault  is  committed  by  any  of  
• Serious   physical   injuries   by   excessive     the  following  means:  
chastisement  by  parents  are  not  qualified   Art.  266:  Slight  physical  injuries     a. By   inserting   his   Penis   into   another  
  Three  kinds  of  slight  physical  injuries   person’s  Mouth  or  Anal  orifice,  or  
Art.   264:   Administering   Injurious   Substance   or   1. Physical   injuries   which   incapacitated   the   b. By   inserting   any   Instrument   or   Object  
Beverages     offended   party   for   labor   from   1   to   9   days,   or   into   the   Genital   or   Anal   orifice   of  
Elements   requiring   medical   attendance   during   the   same   another  person  
1. The  offender  inflicted  upon  another  any  Serious   period   3. The  act  of  sexual  assault  is  accomplished  under  
Physical  Injury   2. Physical   injuries   which   did   not   prevent   the   any  of  the  following  circumstances:  
2. It  was  done  by  Knowingly  administering  to  him   offended   party   from   engaging   in   his   habitual   a. By  using  Force  or  Intimidation,  
any   injurious   substances   or   beverages   or   by   work   or   which   did   not   require   medical   b. When   the   woman   is   deprived   of  
taking   advantage   of   his   weakness   of   mind   or   attendance   reason  or  otherwise  Unconscious,  
credulity   3. Ill-­‐treatment   of   another   by   deed   without   c. By  mean  of  Fraudulent  machination  or  
3. He  had  no  Intent  to  kill   causing   any   injury   or   access   to   the   woman's   Grave  Abuse  of  Authority,  or  
  child/children   d. When  the  woman  is  under  12  years  of  
Art.  265:  Less  Serious  Physical  Injuries       age  (statutory  rape)  or  Demented  
Matters   to   be   noted   in   the   crime   of   less   serious   Chapter  3:  Rape    
injuries     • Under   RA   8538,   the   crime   of   rape   can   now   be  
1. The  offended  party  is  incapacitated  for  labor  for   Art.  266-­‐A:  Rape,  when  and  how  committed     committed  by  a  male  or  a  female  
10  days  or  more  (but  not  more  than  30  days),  or      
needs   medical   attendance   for   the   same   period   Art.  266-­‐B:  Penalties   Statutory   rape:   when   the   girl   is   under   12   years   of  
of  time   age  
Elements  of  Rape  by  Sexual  Intercourse  (par.  1)  
2. The   physical   injuries   must   not   be   those   • When   the   offended   party   is   less   than   12   years  
1. The  offender  is  a  Man  
described  in  the  preceding  articles   of   age,   rape   is   committed   although   she  
2. The   offender   had   Carnal   Knowledge   of   a  
  consented  to  the  sexual  act  
woman  
  • Prosecution  carries  the  burden  of  proving:  

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1. Age  of  the  complainant,   9. When   by   reason   or   on   the   occasion   of   the   rape,   be  extinguished  or  the  penalty  shall  not  be  
2. Identity  of  the  accused,  and     the   victim   has   suffered   permanent   physical   abated  if  the  marriage  is  void  ab  initio  
3. Sexual   intercourse   between   the   accused   mutilation  or  disability    
and  the  complainant   10. When   the   offender   knew   of   the   pregnancy   of   Art.  266-­‐D:  Presumptions    
  the   offended   party   at   the   time   of   the   Evidence  which  may  be  accepted  in  the  prosecution  
Penalty   of   death   (now   reclusion   perpetua   without   commission  of  the  crime   of  rape  
eligibility   for   parole)   shall   be   imposed   for   rape   in   11. When   the   offender   knew   of   the   mental   1. Any   physical   overt   act   manifesting   resistance  
the  following  cases   disability,   emotional   disorder   and/or   physical   against   the   act   of   rape   in   any   degree   from   the  
1. When   by   reason   or   on   occasion   of   the   rape,   a   handicap   of   the   offended   party   at   the   time   of   offended  party;  or  
homicide  is  committed   the  commission  of  the  crime   2. Where   the   offended   party   is   so   situated   as   to  
2. When   the   victim   is   under   18   years   of   age   and     render  him/her  incapable  of  giving  consent  
the  offender  is  a  parent,  ascendant,  stepparent,   Laws  under  which  rape  should  be  prosecuted    
guardian,   relative   by   consanguinity   or   affinity   • If   the   victim   of   sexual   abuse   is   below   12   years   TITLE   9:   CRIMES   AGAINST   PERSONAL   LIBERTY   AND  
within  the  3rd  civil  degree,  or  the  common-­‐law   of   age,   the   offender   should   not   be   prosecuted   SECURITY  
spouse  of  the  parent  of  the  victim   for  sexual  abuse  but  for  statutory  rape    
3. When   the   victim   is   under   the   custody   of   the   • If   the   victim   is   12   years   or   older,   the   offender   Chapter  1:  Crimes  Against  Liberty  
police   or   military   authorities   or   any   law   should   be   charged   with   either   sexual   abuse    
enforcement  or  penal  institution   under   RA   7610   or   rape   under   art.   266-­‐A   (except   Art.  267:  Kidnapping  and  Serious  Illegal  Detention    
4. When  the  rape  is  committed  in  full  view  of  the   par.  1(d)  
Elements  
husband,   parent,   any   of   the   children   or   other   • However,   the   offender   cannot   be   accused   of   1. The  offender  is  a  Private  individual  
relatives   within   the   3rd   civil   degree   of   both   crimes   for   the   same   act   because   his   right   2. He  Kidnaps  or  Detains  another,  or  in  any  other  
consanguinity   against  double  jeopardy  will  be  predjuced   manner  deprives  the  latter  of  his  liberty  
5. When   the   victim   is   a   religious   engaged   in     3. The   act   of   detention   or   kidnapping   must   be  
legitimate   religious   vocation   or   calling   and   is   Art.  266-­‐C:  Effect  of  Pardon     Illegal  
personally   known   to   be   such   by   the   offender   Notes:   4. In   the   commission   of   the   offense,   any   of   the  
before  or  at  the  time  of  the  commission  of  the   • Marriage   extinguishes   not   only   the   penal   following  circumstances  is  present:  
crime   action,   but   likewise   the   penalty   that   may   be   a. The  kidnapping  or  detention  lasts  for  more  
6. When  the  victim  is  a  child  below  7  years  old   imposed   than  3  days,  
7. When   the   offender   knows   that   he   is   afflicated     b. It  is  committed  Simulating  Public  Authority,  
with   HIV/AIDS   or   any   other   sexually   Rape  of  wife  by  husband   c. Any   Serious   Physical   Injuries   are   inflicted  
transmissible   disease   and   the   virus   or   disease   is   • The   2nd   par.   of   Sec.   266-­‐C   of   RA   8353   is   explicit   upon  the  person  kidnapped  or  detained  or  
transmitted  to  the  victim   in   providing   that   a   husband   may   be   guilty   of   threats  to  kill  him  are  made,  or  
8. When  committed  by  any  member  of  the  AFP  or   rape  of  his  wife   d. The   person   kidnapped   or   detained   is   a  
paramilitary  units  thereof  or  the  PNP  or  any  law   • In   case   it   is   the   legal   husband   who   is   the   Minor,  Female,  or  a  Public  Officer  
enforcement   agency   or   penal   institution,   when   offender,   the   subsequent   forgiveness   by    
the   offender   took   advantage   of   his   position   to   the   wife   as   the   offended   party   shall    
facilitate  the  commission  of  the  crime   extinguish   the   criminal   action   or   the    
penalty:  Provided,  That  the  crime  shall  not  
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Circumstances  qualifying  the  offense   Art.  269:  Unlawful  Arrest     Art.  273:  Exploitation  of  Child  Labor    
• If   the   purpose   is   to   extort   ransom   from   the   Elements   Elements  
victim  or  any  other  person,  even  if  none  of  the   1. The  offender  Arrests  or  Detains  another  person   1. The  offender  Retains  a  Minor  in  his  service  
circumstances   mentioned   in   Art.   267   is   present,   2. The  Purpose  of  the  offender  is  to  Deliver  him  to   2. It  is  Against  the  Will  of  the  minor  
the  penalty  is  death   the  Proper  Authorities   3. It   is   under   the   pretext   of   reimbursing   himself   of  
• In   this   case,   death   is   imposed   as   a   single   3. The   arrest   or   detention   is   not   authorized   by   law   a   debt   incurred   by   an   ascendant,   guardian   or  
penalty.   It   shall   be   imposed   regardless   of   the   or  there  is  no  reasonable  ground  therefor     person   entrusted   with   the   custody   of   such  
presence   and   number   ofordinary   mitigating     minor  
circumstances.  (Art.  63,  par.  1)      
• However,   if   the   offender   is   over   15   but   under   Art.  270:  Kidnapping  and  Failure  to  Return  a  Minor   Art.   274:   Services   rendered   under   Compulsion   in  
16  years  of  age,  it  being  a  privileged  mitigating   Elements   Payment  of  Debt  
circumstance,   the   penalty   may   be   lowered   by   1. The  offender  is  entrusted  with  the  Custody  of  a   Elements  
one  degree.  (Art.  68)   minor   person   (whether   over   or   under   7   years   1. The   offender   Compels   a   Debtor   to   Work   for  
  but  less  than  18  years  of  age)  [RA  6809]   him,   either   as   household   servant   or   farm  
When  the  maximum  penalty  is  imposed  (death,  but   2. He   Deliberately   Fails   to   restore   the   said   minor   laborer  
now  reclusion  perpetua)   to  his  parents  or  guardians   2. It  is  Against  the  debtor’s  will  
1. If   the   purpose   of   kidnapping   or   detention   is   to     3. The   Purpose   is   to   require   or   enforce   the  
extort  ransom   Art.  271:  Inducing  a  Minor  to  Abandon  his  Home     Payment  of  a  debt  
2. When   the   victim   is   killed   or   dies   as   a   Elements    
consequence  of  the  detention   1. The   minor   is   living   in   the   home   of   his   parents   or   Chapter  2:  Crimes  Against  Security    
3. When  the  victim  is  raped   guardian   or   the   person   entrusted   with   his    
4. When   the   victim   is   subjected   to   torture   or   custody   Art.   275:   Abandonment   of   persons   in   Danger   and  
dehumanizing  acts   2. The   offender   Induces   said   minor   to   Abandon   Abandonment  of  one’s  Own  Victim  
  such  home     Acts  Punishable    
Art.  268:  Slight  Illegal  Detention       1. Failing  to  render  Assistance  whom  the  offender  
Elements   Art.  272:  Slavery     finds   in   an   Uninhabited   Place   wounded   or   in  
1. The  offender  is  a  Private  Individual   Elements   danger  of  dying  when  he  can  render  assistance  
2. He  Kidnaps  or  Detains  another,  or  in  any  other   1. The   offender   Purchases,   Sells,   Kidnaps   or   without   detriment   to   himself,   unless   such  
manner  deprives  him  of  his  liberty   Detains  a  human  being     omission  shall  constitute  a  more  serious  offense  
3. The  act  of  kidnapping  or  detention  is  Illegal   2. The   Purpose   of   offender   is   to   Enslave   such   2. Failing   to   help   or   render   assistance   to   another  
4. The   crime   is   committed   without   the   attendance   human  being   whom   the   offender   has   Accidentally   Wounded  
of  any  of  the  circumstances  enumerated  in  Art.   Circumstance  qualifying  the  offense   or  Injured  
267   • If   the   purpose   of   the   offender   is   to   assign   3. Failing   to   Deliver   a   child,   under   7   years   old  
  offended   party   to   some   immoral   traffic   whom   the   offender   has   Found   Abandoned,   to  
  (prostitution),  the  penalty  is  higher   authorities  or  to  his  family,  or  by  failing  to  take  
    him  to  a  safe  place  
     
 

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Elements  (First  Act)   Elements   (Abandonment   of   minor   by   one   charged   ascendant,   guardian,   teacher   or   person  
1. The  place  is  not  inhabited   with  the  Rearing  or  Education  of  said  minor)   entrusted  in  any  capacity  with  the  care  of  such  
2. The  accused  found  there  a  person  Wounded  or   1. The   offender   has   Charge   of   the   Rearing   or   child  
in  Danger  of  Dying   Education  of  a  minor   5. Inducing   any   child   under   16   years   of   age   to  
3. The   accused   Can   render   Assistance   without   2. He  Delivers  said  minor  to  a  Public  Institution  or   abandon  the  home  of  its  ascendants,  guardians,  
detriment  to  himself   other  persons   curators  or  teachers  to  follow  any  person  in  any  
4. The  accused  Fails  to  render  assistance   3. The   one   who   entrusted   child   to   the   offender   of   the   calling   mentioned   in   par.   .2   or   to  
  has   not   consented   to   such   act;   or   if   the   one   accompany  any  habitual  vagrant  or  beggar,  the  
Art.  276:  Abandoning  a  Minor   who  entrusted  such  child  to  offender  is  absent,   offender  being  any  person  
Elements   the  proper  authorities  have  not  consent  to  it    
1. The  offender  has  the  Custody  of  a  child     Qualifying  Circumstance  
2. The  child  is  under  7  years  of  age   Elements  (Indifference  of  Parents)   • If   the   delivery   of   the   child   to   any   person  
3. He  Abandons  such  child   1. The  offender  is  a  Parent   following   any   of   the   callings   enumerated   or   to  
4. He   has   No   Intent   to   Kill   the   child   when   the   2. He   Neglects   his   children   by   not   giving   them   any   habitual   vagrant   or   beggar   is   made   in  
latter  is  abandoned   education   consideration   of   any   price,   compensation   or  
  3. His   Station   in   life   Requires   such   education   and   promise,  the  penalty  is  higher  
Qualifying  Circumstances   his  Financial  condition  Permits  it      
1. When   the   death   of   the   minor   resulted   from     Art.  279:  Additional  penalties  for  other  offenses  
such  abandonment   Art.  278:  Exploitation  of  Minors   The   imposition   of   the   penalties   prescribed   in   the  
2. If  the  life  of  the  minor  was  in  danger  because  of   Acts  punished   preceding   articles,   shall   not   prevent   the   imposition  
the  abandonment   1. Causing  any  boy  or  girl  under  16    years  of  age  to   upon   the   same   person   of   the   penalty   provided   for  
  perform   any   Dangerous   Feat   of   balancing,   any   other   felonies   defined   and   punished   by   this  
Art.   277:   Abandonment   of   minor   by   person   physical   strength   or   contortion,   the   offender   Code.    
entrusted  with  his  custody;  indifference  of  parents     being  any  person    
Acts  punished     2. Employing   children   under   16   years   of   age   who   Art.  280:  Qualified  Trespass  to  Dwelling    
1. Delivering   a   Minor   to   a   Public   Institution   or   are   not   the   Children   or   Descendants   of   the   Elements  of  trespass  to  dwelling  
other   persons   without   the   Consent   of   the   one   offender   in   exhibitions   of   acrobat,   gymnast,   1. The  offender  is  a  Private  person  
who   entrusted   such   minor   to   the   care   of   the   rope-­‐walker,   diver,   or   wild-­‐animal   tamer,   the   2. He  Enters  the  dwelling  of  another  
offender  or,  in  the  absence  of  that  one,  without   offender   being   an   acrobat,   etc.,   or   Circus   3. Such  entrance  is  Against  the  latter’s  Will    
the  consent  of  the  proper  authorities   manager  or  person  engaged  in  a  similar  calling    
2. Neglecting   his   (offender’s)   Children   by   not   3. Employing   any   descendant   under   12   years   of   Qualifying  Circumstance  
giving   them   education   which   their   station   in   life   age   in   Dangerous   Exhibitions   enumerated   in   • If  the  offense  is  committed  by  means  of  Violence  
requires  and  financial  condition  permits   next   preceding   paragraph,   the   offender   being   or  Intimidation,  the  penalty  is  higher  
  engaged  in  any  of  the  said  callings    
  4. Delivering   a   child   under   16   years   of   age    
  gratuitously  to  any  person  following  any  of  the    
  callings  enumerated  in  par.  2,  or  to  any  habitual    
  vagrant   or   beggar,   the   offender   being   an    
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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  281:  Other  Forms  of  Trespass     Elements  (Grave  Threats  not  subject  to  a  Condition)   crime,   without  persisting  in  the  idea  involved  in  
Elements   (3rd  form)   his  threat  
1. The  offender  Enters  the  closed  premises  or  the   1. The  offender  threatens  another  person  with  the   3. Orally   threatening   to   do   any   harm   not  
fenced  estate  of  another   infliction   upon   latter’s   person,   honor,   or   constituting  a  felony  
2. The   entrance   is   made   while   either   of   them   is   property,  or  upon  that  of  the  latter’s  family,  of    
Uninhabited   any  wrong   Two  acts  punished  in  par.  1  
3. The  Prohibition  to  enter  be  Manifest   2. Such  wrong  amounts  to  a  crime   1. Threatening   another   with   a   weapon,   even   if  
4. The   trespasser   has   not   secured   the   Permission   3. The  threat  is  not  subject  to  a  condition     there  is  no  quarrel  
of  the  owner  or  the  caretaker  thereof     2. Drawing  a  weapon  in  a  quarrel,  which  is  not  in  
  Qualifying  Circumstances   lawful  self-­‐defense  
Art.  282:  Grave  Threats     • If   the   threat   is   made   in   writing   or   through   a    
Acts  Punishable   middleman,   the   penalty   is   to   be   imposed   in   its   Art.  286:  Grave  coercions  
1. Threatening  another  with  the  infliction  upon  his   maximum  period   Two  ways  of  committing  
Person,  Honor  or  Property  or  that  of  his  Family     1. Preventing   another,   by   means   of   violence,  
of   any   wrong   amounting   to   a   crime   and   Art.  283:  Light  threats   threats   or   intimidation,   from   doing   something  
demanding   money   or   imposing   any   other   Elements   not  prohibited  by  law  
condition,   even   though   not   unlawful,   and   the   1. The  offender  makes  a  threat  to  commit  a  wrong   2. Compelling   another,   by   means   of   violence,  
offender  attained  his  purpose   2. The  wrong  does  not  constitute  a  crime   threats  or  intimidation,  to  do  something  against  
2. Making   such   threat   without   the   offender   3. There   is   a   demand   for   money   or   that   other   his  will,  whether  it  be  right  or  wrong  
Attaining  his  Purpose   condition  is  imposed,  even  though  not  unlawful    
3. Threatening  another  with  the  infliction  upon  his   4. The   offender   has   attained   his   purpose   or,   that   Elements  
Person,  Honor  or  Property  or  that  of  his  Family   he  has  not  attained  his  purpose   1. A   person   prevented   another   from   doing  
of  any  wrong  amounting  to  a  crime,  the  threat     something   not   prohibited   by   law,   or   that   he  
not  being  subject  to  a  condition   Art.  284:  Bond  for  good  behavior     compelled   him   to   do   something   against   his   will,  
  Cases   when   a   person   may   be   required   to   give   bail   be  it  right  or  wrong    
Elements   (Grave   Threats   where   offender   Attained   not  to  molest  another   2. The   prevention   or   compulsion   be   effected   by  
his  Purpose)   1. When   he   threatens   another   under   violence,  threats  or  intimidation    
1. The  offender  threatens  another  person  with  the   circumstances  in  Art.  282  (grave  threats)   3. The   person   that   restrained   the   will   and   liberty  
infliction   upon   the   latter’s   person,   honor   or   2. When   he   threatens   another   under   of   another   had   not   the   authority   of   law   or   the  
property,  or  upon  that  of  the  latter’s  family,  of   circumstances  in  Art.  283  (light  threats)   right   to   do   so,   or,   in   other   words,   that   the  
any  wrong     restraint   shall   not   be   made   under   authority   of  
2. Such  wrong  amounts  to  a  crime   Art.  285:  Other  light  threats     law  or  in  the  exercise  of  any  lawful  right    
3. There  is  a  demand  for  money  or  that  any  other   Acts  punished      
condition  is  imposed,  even  though  not  unlawful   1. Threatening   another   with   a   weapon,   or   by    
4. The  offender  attains  his  purpose   drawing  such  weapon  in  a  quarrel,  unless  it  be    
  in  lawful  self-­‐defense    
  2. Orally   threatening   another,   in   the   heat   of    
  anger,   with   some   harm   (not)   constituting   a    

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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  287:  Light  coercions     any   of   his   or   its   laborers   or   employees   to   Circumstance  qualifying  the  offense  
Elements   purchase   merchandise   or   commodities   of   any   • When  the  offender  reveals  the  contents  of  such  
1. The  offender  must  be  a  creditor   kind  from  him  or  from  said  firm  or  corporation   paper  or  letters  of  another  to  a  3rd  person,  the  
2. He  seized  anything  belonging  to  his  debtor     penalty  is  higher  
3. The   seizure   of   the   thing   be   accomplished   by   Elements  of  No.  2    
means  of  violence  or  a  display  of  material  force   1. The   offender   pays   the   wages   due   a   laborer   or   Art.  291:  Revealing  secrets  with  abuse  of  office    
producing  intimidation   employee  employed  by  him  by  means  of  tokens   Elements  
4. The   purpose   of   the   offender   is   to   apply   the   or  objects   1. The   offender   is   a   manager,   employee,   or  
same  to  the  payment  of  the  debt   2. Those  tokens  or  objects  are  other  than  the  legal   servant  
  tender  currency  of  the  Philippines   2. He  learns  the  secrets  of  his  principal  or  master  
Unjust  vexation  –  other  light  coercion  (par.  2)   3. Such   employee   or   laborer   does   not   expressly   in  such  capacity  
• Includes   any   human   conduct   which   although   request  that  he  be  paid  by  means  of  tokens  or   3. He  reveals  such  secrets  
not   productive   of   some   physical   or   material   objects    
harm   would,   however,   unjustly   annoy   or   vex   an     Art.  292:  Revelation  of  industrial  secrets    
innocent  person   Art.   289:  Formation,  maintenance,  and  prohibition   Elements  
  of  combination  of  capital  or  labor  through  violence   1. The   offender   is   a   person   in   charge,   employee,  
Art.   288:   Other   similar   coercions   (Compulsory   or  threats     or   workman   of   a   manufacturing   or   industrial  
purchase  of  merchandise  and  payment  of  wages  by   Elements   establishment  
means  of  tokens)     1. The   offender   employs   violence   or   threats,   in   2. The   manufacturing   or   industrial   establishment  
Acts  punished   such   a   degree   as   to   compel   or   force   the   has  a  secret  of  the  industry  which  the  offender  
1. Forcing   or   compelling,   directly   or   indirectly,   or   laborers   or   employers   in   the   free   and   legal   has  learned  
knowingly   permitting   the   forcing   or   compelling   exercise  of  their  industry  or  work   3. The  offender  reveals  such  secrets  
of   the   laborer   or   employee   of   the   offender   to   2. The  purpose  is  to  organize,  maintain  or  prevent   4. Prejudice  is  caused  to  the  owner  
purchase   merchandise   or   commodities   of   any   coalitions   of   capital   or   labor,   strike   of   laborers    
kind  from  him   or  lockout  of  employers    
2. Paying   the   wages   due   his   laborer   or   employee      
by   means   of   tokens   or   objects   other   than   the   Chapter  3:  Discovery  and  revelation  of  secrets      
legal   tender   currency   of   the   Philippines,   unless   Art.   290:   Discovering   secrets   through   seizure   of    
expressly   requested   by   such   laborer   or   correspondence      
employee   Elements    
  1. The   offender   is   a   private   individual   or   even   a    
Elements  of  No.  1   public   officer   not   in   the   exercise   of   his   official    
1. The   offender   is   any   person,   agent   or   officer   of   function    
any  association  or  corporation   2. He  seizes  the  papers  or  letters  of  another    
2. He   or   such   firm   or   corporation   has   employed   3. The   purpose   is   to   discover   the   secrets   of   such    
laborers  or  employees   another  person    
3. He   forces   or   compels,   directly   or   indirectly,   or   4. The  offender  is  informed  of  the  contents  of  the    
knowingly   permits   to   be   forced   or   compelled,   papers  or  letters  seized    
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
TITLE  10:  CRIMES  AGAINST  PROPERTY     member  or  incapacity  for   the   work   in   which   the   conveyances,  or  
  injured   person   is   theretofore   habitually   5. On   a   street,   road,   highway,   or   alley,   and   the  
Chapter  1:  Robbery  in  General     engaged  is  inflicted;     intimidation   is   made   with   the   use   of   firearms,  
  5. If  the  violence  or  intimidation  employed  in  the   the  offender  shall  be  punished  by  the  maximum  
Art.293:  Who  are  guilty  of  robbery   commission   of   the   robbery   is   carried   to   a   periods   of   the   proper   penalties   prescribed   in  
Classification  of  robbery   degree  clearly  unnecessary  for  the  commission   Art.  294  
1. Robbery   with   violence   against,   or   intimidation   of  the  crime;    
of  persons  (Art.  294,  297,  298)   6. When   in   the   course   of   its   execution,   the   Art.  296:  Definition  of  a  band  and  penalty  incurred  
2. Robbery   by   the   use   of   force   upon   things   (Art.   offender   shall   have   inflicted   upon   any   person   by  the  members  thereof    
299-­‐302)   not   responsible   for   the   commission   of   the   Outline  of  the  provisions  
  robbery   any   of   the   physical   injuries   in   1. When  at  least  4  armed  malefactors  take  part  in  
Elements  of  robbery  in  general   consequence   of   which   the   person   injured   the   commission   of     a   robbery,   it   is   deemed  
1. There   be   personal   property   belonging   to   becomes  deformed   or   loses   any   other   member   committed  by  a  band  
another   of  his  body  or  loses  the  use  thereof  or  becomes   2. When   any   of   the   arms   used   in   the   commission  
2. There  is  unlawful  taking  of  that  property   ill   or   incapacitated   for   the   performance   of   the   of  robbery  is  not  licensed,  the  penalty  upon  all  
3. The  taking  must  be  with  intent  to  gain;  and   work  in  which  he  is  habitually  engaged  for  more   the   malefactors   shall   be   the   maximum   of   the  
4. There  is  violence  against  or  intimidation  of  any   than  90   days  or  the  person  injured  becomes  ill   corresponding  penalty  provided  by  law,  without  
person,  or  force  upon  anything     or   incapacitated   for   labor   for   more   than   30   prejudice   to   the   criminal   liability   for   illegal  
  days;   possession   of   such   firearms   (*now   only   a  
Art.   294:   Robbery   with   violence   against   or   7. If   the   violence   employed   by   the   offender   does   special  aggravating  circumstance)  
intimidation  of  persons       not   cause   any   of   the   serious   physical   injuries   3. Any  member  of  a  band  who  was  present  at  the  
defined   in   Art.   264   or   if   the   offender   employs   commission   of   a   robbery   by   the   band,   shall   be  
Acts  Punished  
intimidation  only.   punished   as   principal   of   any   of   the   assaults  
1. When  by  reason  or  on  occasion  of  the  robbery  
  committed  by  the  band,  unless  it  be  shown  that  
(taking   of   personal   property   belonging   to  
Art.  295:  Robbery  with  physical  injuries,  committed   he  attempted  to  prevent  the  same  
another   with   intent   to   gain),   the   crime   of  
in  an  uninhabited  place  and  by  a  band,  or  with  the    
homicide  is  committed;    
sue  of  firearm  on  a  street,  road  or  alley   Requisites   for   liability   for   the   acts   of   the   other  
2. When   the   robbery   is   accompanied   by   rape   or  
intentional  mutilation  or  arson;     When   robbery   with   violence   against   or   members  of  the  band  
3. When   by   reason   or   on   occasion   of   such   intimidation  or  persons  is  qualified   1. He  was  a  member  of  the  band  
robbery,   any   of   the   physical   injuries   resulting   If   any   of   the   offenses   defined   in   subdivisions   3,   4,   2. He  was  present  at  the  commission  of  a  robbery  
in   insanity,   imbecility,   impotency   or   blindness   and  5  of  Art  294  is  committed     by  that  band  
is  inflicted;     1. In  an  uninhabited  place,       3. The   other   members   of   the   band   committed   an  
4. When  by  reason  or  on  occasion  of  robbery,  any   2. By  a  band,  or   assault  
of   the   physical   injuries   resulting   in   the   loss   of   3. By   attacking   a   moving   train,   street   car,   motor   4. He  did  not  attempt  to  prevent  the  assault  
the   use   of   speech   or   the   power   to   hear   or   to   vehicle,  or  airship,    
smell,   or   the   loss   of   an   eye,   a   hand,   afoot,   an   4. By  entering  the  passengers’  compartments  in  a    
arm,  or  a  leg  or  the  loss  of  the  use  of  any  such   train,   or   in   any   manner   taking   the   passengers    
thereof   by   surprise   in   the   respective  

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.   297:   Attempted   and   frustrated   robbery   things   under   Arts.   299   and   302   is   that   the   a. Breaking   of   doors,   wardrobes,   chests,   or  
committed  under  certain  circumstances     malefactor   should   enter   the   building   or   any  other  kind  of  locked  or  sealed  furniture  
When  by  reason  or  on  occasion  of  an  attempted  or   dependency   where   the   object   to   be   taken   is   or  receptacle,  or  
frustrated   robbery   a   homicide   is   committed,   the   found   b. Taking  such  furniture  or  objects  away  to  be  
person   guilty   of   such   offenses   shall   be   punished   by     broken   or   forced   open   outside   the   place   of  
reclusion   temporal   in   its   maximum   period   to   Robbery  with  force  upon  things  under  Art.  299  are   the  robbery  
reclusion   perpetua,   unless   the   homicide   committed   of  2  kinds    
shall  deserve  a  higher  penalty  under  the  provision  of     Art.  300:  Robbery  in  an  uninhabited  place  and  by  a  
this  Code.     Elements   of   robbery   with   force   upon   things   under   band    
  subdivision  a   • Robbery   in   an   inhabited   house,   public   building  
Art.   298:   Execution   of   deeds   by   means   of   violence   1. The  offender  entered  (a)  an  inhabited  place,  or   or   edifice   devoted   to   religious   worship   is  
or  intimidation     (b)   public   building,   or   (c)   edifice   devoted   to   qualified   when   committed   by   a   band   &   in   an  
Elements   religious  worship   uninhabited  place  
1. The  offender  has  intent  to  defraud  another   2. The   entrance   was   effected   by   any   of   the   • Shall   be   punished   by   the   maximum   period  
2. The   offender   compels   him   to   sign,   execute,   or   following  means:   of  the  penalty  provided  for  
deliver  any  public  instrument  or  document   a. Through   an   opening   not   intended   for   • The   two   qualifications   (uninhabited   place  
3. The   compulsion   is   by   means   of   violence   or   entrance  or  egress,   and  by  a  band)  must  concur  
intimidation   b. By   breaking   any   wall,   roof,   or   floor   or   • The   inhabited   house,   public   building   or   edifice  
  breaking  any  door  or  window,   devoted   to   religious   worship   must   be   located   in  
Art.   299:   Robbery   in   an   inhabited   house   or   public   c. By   using   false   keys,   picklocks,   or   similar   an  uninhabited  place  
building  or  edifice  devoted  to  worship     tools,  or    
Robbery  by  the  use  of  force  upon  things   d. By  using  any  fictitious  name  or  pretending   Art.   301:   What   is   an   inhabited   house,   public  
the  exercise  of  public  authority   bidding,   or   building   dedicated   to   religious   worship  
• Person   liable   for   robbery   by   the   use   of   force  
3. That   once   inside   the   building,   the   offender   took   and  their  dependencies    
upon   things,   does   not   use   violence   against   or  
personal   property   belonging   to   another   with  
intimidation   of   any   person   in   taking   personal   Requisites  for  dependencies  
intent  to  gain  
property   belonging   to   another   with   intent   to   1. Must  be  contiguous  to  the  building  
 
gain,  for  otherwise,  he  will  be  liable  under  Art.   2. Must   have   an   interior   entrance   connected  
Elements   of   robbery   with   force   upon   things   under  
294   therewith  
subdivision  b  
  3. Must  form  part  of  the  whole  
1. The   offender   is   inside   a   dwelling   house,   public  
2  kinds  of  robbery  with  force  upon  things    
building,   or   edifice   devoted   to   religious  
1. Robbery   in   an   inhabited   house   or   public    
worship,   regardless   of   the   circumstance   under  
building   or   edifice   devoted   to   a   religious    
which  he  entered  it  
worship  (Art.  299)    
2. The   offender   takes   personal   property   belonging  
2. Robbery  in  an  uninhabited  place  or  in  a  private    
to  another,  with  intent  to  gain,  under  any  of  the  
building  (Art.  302)    
ff.  circumstances:  
   
• Essential   requisite   of   robbery   with   force   upon    

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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.   302:   Robbery   in   an   uninhabited   place   or   in   a   3. The   offender   does   not   have   lawful   cause   for   Art.  307:  Aiding  and  abetting  a  band  of  brigands    
private  building     such  possession   Elements  
Elements     1. There  is  a  band  of  brigands  
1. The  offender  entered  an  uninhabited  place  or  a   Art.  305:  False  keys     2. The  offender  knows  the  band  to  be  of  brigands  
building  which  was  not  a  dwelling  house,  not  a   Includes:   3. The  offender  does  any  of  the  ff.  acts:  
public   building   or   not   an   edifice   devoted   to   1. The   tools   mentioned   in   the   next   preceding   a. He   in   any   manner   aids,   abets   or   protects  
religious  worship   article   such  band  of  brigands,  
2. Any  of  the  following  circumstances  are  present:   2. Genuine  keys  stolen  from  the  owner   b. He   gives   them   information   of   the  
a. The   entrance   was   effected   through   an   3. Any   keys   other   than   those   intended   by   the   movements   of   the   police   or   other   peace  
opening   not   intended   for   entrance   or   owner  for  use  in  the  lock  forcibly  opened  by  the   officers  of  the  Government,  or  
egress,   offender   c. He  acquires  or  receives  the  property  taken  
b. A  wall,  roof,  floor,  outside  door  or  window     by  such  brigands    
was  broken,   • Possession  of  false  keys  in  pars.  2  and  3  of  Art.    
c. The   entrance   was   effected   through   the   use   305  is  not  punishable   Chapter  3:  Theft    
of   false   keys,   picklocks   or   other   similar      
tools,   Chapter  2:  Brigandage     Art.  308:  Who  are  liable  for  theft    
d. A   door,   wardrobe,   chest   or   any   sealed   or      Theft   –   any   person   who,   with   intent   to   gain   but  
closed   furniture   or   receptacle   was   broken,   Art.  306:  Who  are  brigands  –  penalty     without   violence   against   or   intimidation   of   persons  
or   Brigandage   –   committed   by   more   than   3   armed   nor   force   upon   things,   shall   take   the   personal  
e. A   closed   or   sealed   receptacle   was   persons  who  form  a  band  of  robbers  for  the  purpose   property  of  another  without  the  latter’s  consent  
removed,   even   if   the   same   be   broken   open   of  committing  robbery  in  the  highway,  or  kidnapping    
elsewhere   persons   for   the   purpose   of   extortion   or   to   obtain   Persons  liable  
3. With   intent   to   gain,   the   offender   took   ransom,  or  for  any  other  purpose  to  be  attained  by   1. Those   who,     with   intent   to   gain,   but   without  
therefrom   personal   property   belonging   to   means  of  force  or  violence   violence   against   or   intimidation   of   persons   nor  
another     force   upon   things,   take   personal   property   of  
  There  is  brigandage  when:       another  without  the  latter’s  consent  
Art.   303:   Robbery   of   cereals,   fruits,   or   firewood   in   1. There  be  at  least  4  armed  persons   2. Those   who,   having   found   lost   property,   fail   to  
an  uninhabited  place  or  private  building   2. They  formed  a  band  of  robbers   deliver   the   same   to   the   local   authorities   or   its  
• Penalty   is   1   degree   lower   when   cereals,   fruits,   3. The  purpose  is  any  of  the  ff.:   owner  
or   firewoord   are   taken   in   robbery   with   force   a. To  commit  robbery  in  the  highway   3. Those   who,   after   having   maliciously   damaged  
upon  things   b. To   kidnap   persons   for   the   purpose   of   the  property  of  another,  remove  or  make  use  of  
  extortion  or  to  obtain  ransom   the   fruits   or   object   of   the   damage   caused   by  
Art.  304:  Possession  of  picklocks  or  similar  tools     c. To   attain   by   means   of   force   and   violence   them  
Elements   any  other  purpose   4. Those   who   enter   an   enclosed   estate   or   a   field  
1. The   offender   has   in   his   possession   picklocks   or     where   trespass   is   forbidden,   or   which   belongs  
similar  tools     to   another   and,   without   the   consent   of   its  
2. Such   picklocks   or   similar   tools   are   specifically     owner,   hunt   or   fish   upon   the   same   or   gather  
adopted  to  the  commission  of  robbery   fruits,  cereals,  or  other  forest  or  farm  products  
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Elements   4. If  the  property  stolen  consists  of  coconuts  taken   3. Violence   against   or   intimidation   of   persons   is  
1. There  be  taking  of  personal  property   from  the  premises  of  a  plantation   used   by   the  offender   in   occupying   real   property  
2. Said  property  belongs  to  another   5. If   the   property   stolen   is   fish   taken   from   a   or  usurping  real  rights  in  property  
3. The  taking  be  done  with  intent  to  gain   fishpond  or  fishery     4. There  is  intent  to  gain  
4. The  taking  be  done  without  the  consent  of  the   6. If  the  property  is  taken  on  the  occasion  of  fire,    
owner   earthquake,   typhoon,   volcanic   eruption,   or   any   Art.  313:  Altering  boundaries  or  landmarks    
5. The   taking   be   accomplished   without   use   of   other   calamity,   vehicular   accident   or   civil   Elements  
violence   against,   or   intimidation   of   persons   or   disturbance   1. There   be   boundary   marks   or   monuments   of  
force  upon  things     towns,   provinces,   or   estates,   or   any   other  
  Art.   311:   Theft   of   the   property   of   the   national   marks  intended  to  designate  the  boundaries  of  
Hunting,   fishing   or   gathering   fruits,   etc.   in   enclosed   library  and  national  museum   the  same.  
estate  (par.  3)   • Theft   of   property   on   National   Library   and   2. The  offender  alters  said  boundary  marks  
Elements   Museum   has   a   fixed   penalty   regardless   of   its    
1. There   is   an   enclosed   estate   or   a   field   where   value   Chapter  5:  Culpable  Insolvency    
trespass   is   forbidden   or   which   belongs   to   • But  if  the  crime  is  committed  with  grave  abuse    
another   of   confidence,   the   penalty   for   qualified   theft   Art.  314:  Fraudulent  insolvency    
2. The  offender  enters  the  same       shall  be  imposed   Elements  
3. The  offender  hunts  or  fishes  upon  the  same  or     1. The   offender   is   a   debtor;   that   is,   he   has  
gathers   fruits,   cereals   or   other   forest   or   farm   Chapter  4:  Usurpation     obligations  due  and  payable    
products  in  the  estate  or  field     2. He  absconds  with  his  property  
4. The  hunting  or  fishing  or  gathering  of  products   Art.   312:   Occupation   of   real   property   or   usurpation   3. There  be  prejudice  to  his  creditors  
is  without  the  consent  of  the  owner   of  real  rights  in  property    
 
Acts  punishable   Chapter  6:  Swindling  and  Other  Deceits    
Art.  309:  Penalties    
1. Taking   possession   of   any   real   property    
Basis  of  penalty  in  theft   belonging   to   another    by   means   of   violence   Art.  315:  Swindling  (estafa)    
1. The  value  of  the  thing  stolen,   against  or  intimidation  of  persons   Elements  of  estafa  in  general  
2. In  some  cases,  the  value  and  also  the  nature  of   2. Usurping   any   real   rights   in   property   belonging   1. The   accused   defrauded   another   by   abuse   of  
the  property  taken,  or   to   another   by    means   of   violence   against   or   confidence,  or  by  means  of  deceit    
3. The   circumstances   or   causes   that   impelled   the   intimidation  of  persons   2. Damage   or   prejudice   capable   of   pecuniary  
culprit  to    commit  the  crime     estimation   is  cause   to   the   offended   party   or  
  Elements   third  person  
Art.  310:  Qualified  theft     1. The   offender   takes   possession   of   any   real    
Theft  is  qualified     property  or    usurps  any  real  rights  in  property   The   1st   element   covers   the   3   different   ways   of  
1. If  the  theft  is  committed  by  a  domestic  servant   2. The   real   property   or   real   rights   belong   to   committing  estafa  under  Art.  315  
2. If   the   theft   is   committed   with   grave   abuse   of   another   Estafa  is  committed  
confidence   1. With  unfaithfulness  or  abuse  of  confidence,  
3. If   the   property   stolen   is   a   motor   vehicle,   mail  
matter,  or  large  cattle  

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2. By  means  of  false  pretenses  or  fraudulent  acts,   Elements   of   estafa   by   taking   undue   advantage   of   Estafa  through  falsification  
or   the  signature  in  blank  (Art.  315,  No.  1(c))   • Estafa   through   false   pretense   made   in   writing   is  
3. Through  fraudulent  means     1. The   paper   with   the   signature   of   the   offended   only   a   simple   crime   of   estafa,   not   a   complex  
  party  be  in  blank   crime  of  estafa  through  falsification  
• May  be  reduced  to  two  only:     2. The   offended   party   should   have   delivered   it   to   • There  is  also  attempted  estafa  through  forgery  
1. Estafa  with  abuse  of  confidence     the  offender     • Fraud   in   estafa   by   means   of   deceit   must   be  
2. Estafa  by  means  of  deceit     3. Above   the   signature   of   the   offended   party   a   proven  with  clear  and  positive  evidence  
  document   is   written   by   the   offender   without    
Estafa  with  abuse  of  confidence  (Art.  315,  No.  1)   authority  to  do  so   Art.  315,  No.  2(b)  
Art.  315,  No.  1(a)   4. The   document   so   written   creates   a   liability   of,   • By   altering   the   quality,   fineness   or   weight   of  
• By   altering   the   substance,   quantity,   or   quality   or   causes   damage   to,   the   offended   party   or   any   anything  pertaining  to  his  art  or  business.  
or   anything   of   value   which   the   offender   shall   third  person    
deliver  by  virtue  of  an  obligation  to  do  so,  even     Art.  315,  No.  2(c)  
though   such   obligation   be   based   on   an   immoral   Estafa  by  means  of  deceit  (Art.  315,  Nos.  2  &  3)   • By   pretending   to   have   bribed   any   Government  
or  illegal  consideration     employee,   without   prejudice   to   the   action   for  
  Elements  of  estafa  by  means  of  deceit   calumny   which   the   offended   party   may   deem  
Elements  of  estafa  with  unfaithfulness   1. There   must   be   a   false   pretense,   fraudulent   act   proper   to   bring   against   the   offender.   In   this  
1. The   offender   has   an   onerous   obligation   to   or  fraudulent  means   case,   the   offender   shall   be   punished   by   the  
deliver  something  of  value   2. Such   false   pretense,   fraudulent   act   or   maximum  period  of  the  penalty.  
2. He  alters  its  substance,  quantity  or  quality   fraudulent   means   must   be   made   or   executed    
3. Damage  or  prejudice  is  caused  to  another   prior  to  or  simultaneously  with  the  commission   Art.  315,  No.  2(d),  as  amended  by  RA  4885  
  of  the  fraud   • Estafa  by  postdating  a  check  or  issuing  a  check  
Elements  of  estafa  with  abuse  of  confidence  under   3. The   offended   party   must   have   relied   on   the   in  payment  of  an  obligation  
Art.  315,  No.  1(b)   false   pretense,   fraudulent   act,   or   fraudulent    
1. Money,   goods,   or   other   personal   property   be   means,  that  is,  he  was  induced  to  part  with  his   Elements  
received   by   the   offender   in   trust,   or   on   money   or   property   because   of   the   false   1. The   offender   postdated   a   check,   or   issued   a  
commission,  or  for  administration,  or  under  any   pretense,  fraudulent  act,  or  fraudulent  means   check  in  payment  of  an  obligation;    
other   obligation,   involving   the   duty   to   make   4. As  a  result  thereof,  the  offended  party  suffered   2. Such   postdating   or   issuing   a   check   was   done  
delivery  of,  or  to  return  the  same     damage   when   the   offender   had   no   funds   in   the   bank,   or  
2. There   be   misappropriation   or   conversion   of     his   funds   deposited   therein   were   not   sufficient  
such   money   or   property   by   the   offender,   or   Art.  315,  No.  2(a)     to  cover  the  amount  of  the  check  
denial  on  his  part  of  such  receipt   3  ways  of  committing  estafa  under  the  provisions    
3. Such   misappropriation   or   conversion   or   denial   1. By  using  fictitious  name,    
is  to  the  prejudice  of  another   2. By  falsely  pretending  to  possess:  (a)  power,  (b)    
4. There  is  a  demand  made  by  the  offended  party   influence,   (c)   qualifications,   (d)   property    
to  the  offender   (money),   (e)   credit,   (f)   agency,   (g)   business   or    
  imaginary  transactions,  or      
3. By  means  of  other  similar  deceits    

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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
B.P.  22   Elements  (2nd  Paragraph)   Art.  315,  No.  3(a)  
Acts  Punished   1. A   person   has   sufficient   funds   in   or   credit   with   • Estafa   by   inducing   another   to   sign   any  
1. By  making  or  drawing  and  issuing  any  check  to   the  drawee  bank  when  he  makes  or  draws  and   document  
apply   on   account   or   for   value,   knowing   at   the   issues  a  check.      
time   of   issue   that   he   does   not   have   sufficient   2. He  fails  to  keep  sufficient  funds  or  to  maintain  a   Elements  
funds  in  or  credit  with  the  drawee  bank  for  the   credit   to   cover   the   full   amount   of   the   check   if   1. The  offender  induced  the  offended  party  to  sign  
payment   of   such   check   in   full   upon   its   presented   within   a   period   of   90   days   from   the   a  document  
presentment,   which   check   is   subsequently   date  appearing  thereon.     2. Deceit   be   employed   to   make   him   sign   the  
dishonored   by   the   drawee   bank   for   3. The  check  is  dishonored  by  the  drawee  bank.     document  
insufficiency   of   funds   or   credit   or   would   have     3. The   offended   party   personally   signed   the  
been   dishonored   for   the   same   reason   had   not   Gravamen  of  BP  22  is  the  issuance  of  a  check   document  
the   drawer,   without   any   valid   reason,   ordered   1. Not  the  nonpayment  of  an  obligation   4. Prejudice  be  caused  
the  bank  to  stop  payment.     2. The   mere   act   of   issuing   a   bum   check   is   malum    
2. Having   sufficient   funds   in   or   credit   with   the   prohibitum   Art.  315,  No.  3(b)  
drawee   bank   when   he   makes   or   draws   and     • Estafa  by  resorting  to  some  fraudulent  practice  
issues   a   check,   by   failing   to   keep   sufficient   Art.  315,  No.  2(e)   to  insure  success  in  a  gambling  game  
funds   or   to   maintain   a   credit   to   cover   the   full   • Estafa  by  obtaining  food  or  accommodation  at  a    
amount   of   the   check   if   presented   within   a   hotel,  etc   Art.  315,  No.  3(c)  
period   of   ninety   (90)   days   from   the   date     • Estafa   by   removing,   concealing,   or   destroying  
appearing   thereon,   for   which   reason   it   is   3  ways  of  committing   documents  
dishonored  by  the  drawee  bank.   1. Obtaining  food,  refreshment  or  accommodation    
  at   a   hotel,   inn,   restaurant,   boarding   house,   Elements    
Elements  (1st  Paragraph)     lodging   house   or   apartment   house   without   1. There   be   court   record,   office   files,   documents,  
1. A  person  makes  or  draws  and  issues  any  check   paying   therefor,   with   intent   to   defraud   the   or  any  other  papers  
2. The  check  is  made  or  drawn  and  issued  to  apply   proprietor  or  manager  thereof   2. The   offender   removed,   concealed,   or   destroyed  
on  account  or  for  value   2. Obtaining   credit   at   any   of   said   establishments   any  of  them  
3. The  person  who  makes  or  draws  and  issues  the   by  the  use  of  any  false  pretense   3. The  offender  had  intent  to  defraud  another  
check   knows   at   the   time   of   issue   that   he   does   3. Abandoning   or   surreptitiously   removing   any    
not   have   sufficient   funds   in   or   credit   with   the   part   of   his   baggage   from   any   of   said   Damage   or   prejudice   capable   of   pecuniary  
drawee   bank   for   the   payment   of   such   check   in   establishments   after   obtaining   credit,   food,   estimation  
full  upon  its  presentment.     refreshment   or   accommodation   therein,   The  element  of  damage  or  prejudice  may  consist  in:  
4. The   check   is   subsequently   dishonored   by   the   without  paying  therefor   1. The  offended  party  being  deprived  of  his  money  
drawee  bank  for  insufficiency  of  funds  or  credit,     or  property,  as  result  of  the  defraudation,  
or   would   have   been   dishonored   for   the   same     2. Disturbance  in  property  rights,  or    
reason   had   not   the   drawer,   without   any   valid     3. Temporary  prejudice  
reason,  ordered  the  bank  to  stop  payment.        
     
     
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  316:  Other  Forms  of  Swindling   Elements  (6th  Paragraph)   Chapter  7:  Chattel  Mortgage  
Elements  (1st  Paragraph)   1. The   offender   is   a   surety   in   a   bond   given   in   a    
1. The   thing   be   immovable,   such   as   a   parcel   of   criminal  or  civil  action   Art.   319:   Removal,   Sale   or   Pledge   of   Mortgaged  
land  or  a  building   2. He  guaranteed  the  fulfillment  of  such  obligation   Property  
2. The   offender   who   is   not   the   owner   of   said   with  his  real  property  or  properties   Acts  Punished  
property   should   represent    that   he   is   the   owner   3. He   sells,   mortgages,   or,   in   any   other   manner   1. By   knowingly   removing   any   personal   property  
thereof   encumbers  said  real  property   mortgaged   under   the   Chattel   Mortgage   Law   to  
3. The   offender   should   have   executed   an   act   of   4. Such   sale,   mortgage   or   encumbrance   is   (a)   any  province  or  city  other  than  the  one  in  which  
ownership   (selling,    leasing,   encumbering   or   without   express   authority   from   the   court,   or   (b)   it   was   located   at   the   time   of   execution   of   the  
mortgaging  the  real  property)   made   before   the   cancellation   of   his   bond,   or   (c)   mortgage,   without   the   written   consent   of   the  
4. The  act  be  made  to  the  prejudice  of  the  owner   before   being   relieved   from   the   obligation   mortgagee   or   his   executors,   administrators   or  
or  a  third  person   contracted  by  him.     assigns.    
    2. By   selling   or   pledging   personal   property   already  
Elements  (2nd  Paragraph)   Art.  317:  Swindling  a  Minor   pledged,   or   any   part   thereof,   under   the   terms  
1. The  thing  disposed  of  be  real  property   Elements:   of   the   Chattel   Mortgage   Law,   without   the  
2. The   offender   knew   that   the   real   property   was   1. The   offender   takes   advantage   of   the   consent   of   the   mortgagee   written   on   the   back  
encumbered,   whether   the   encumbrance   is   inexperience  or  emotions  or  feelings  of  a  minor   of  the  mortgage  and  noted  on  the  record  there  
recorded  or  not   2. He   induces   such   minor   (1)   to   assume   an   of   in   the   office   of   the   register   of   deeds   of   the  
3. There   must   be   express   representation   by   the   obligation,   or   (2)   to   give   release,   or   (3)   to   province  where  such  property  is  located.    
offender   that   the   real   property   is   free   from   execute  a  transfer  of  any  property    
encumbrance   3. The   consideration   is   (1)   some   loan   of   money,   Elements   (Knowingly   Removing   Mortgaged  
4. The   act   of   disposing   of   the   real   property   be   (2)  credit,  or  (3)  other  personal  property   Personal  Property)  
made  to  the  damage  of  another   4. The   transaction   is   to   the   detriment   of   such   1. That  personal  property  is  mortgaged  under  the  
  minor   Chattel  Mortgage  Law.    
Elements  (3rd  Paragraph)     2. That   the   offender   knows   that   such   property   is  
1. The  offender  is  the  owner  of  personal  property   Art.  318:  Other  Deceits   so  mortgaged.    
2. Said   personal   property   is   in   the   lawful   Acts  Punished   3. That   he   removes   such   mortgaged   personal  
possession  of  another     1. By   defrauding   or   damaging   another   by   any   property  to  any  province  or  city  other  than  the  
3. The  offender  wrongfully  takes  it  from  its  lawful   other   deceit   NOT   mentioned   in   the   preceding   one   in   which   it   was   located   at   the   time   of   the  
possessor   articles.     execution  of  the  mortgage.    
4. Prejudice  is  thereby  caused  to  the  possessor  or   2. By   interpreting   dreams,   by   making   forecasts,   by   4. That  the  removal  is  permanent.    
third  person   telling   fortunes,   or   by   taking   advantage   of   the   5. That   there   is   no   written   consent   of   the  
  credulity   of   the   public   in   any   other   similar   mortgagee   or   his   executors,    administrators   or  
4th   Paragraph:   By   executing   any   fictitious   contract   manner,  for  profit  or  gain.     assigns  to  such  removal.    
to  the  prejudice  of  another      
     
5th   Paragraph:   By   accepting   any   compensation   for      
services  not  rendered  or  for  labor  not  performed      

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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Elements   (Selling   or   Pledging   Personal   Property   Art.  324:  Crimes  involving  destruction   • PD  1613  is  the  governing  law  for  Simple  Arson  
Already  Pledged)   Elements  of  crimes  involving  destruction   • Contemplates   the   malicious   burning   of  
1. That   personal   property   is   already   pledged   1. The  offender  causes  destruction   public  and  private  structures,  regardless  of  
under  the  terms  of  the  Chattel  Mortgage  Law.   2. Destruction  is  caused  by  any  of  the  ff.  means:   size,   not   included   in   Art.   320,   as   amended  
2. That  the  offender,  who  is  the  mortgagor  of  such   a. Explosion   by  RA  7659,  and  classified  as  other  cases  of  
property,  sells  or  pledges  the  same  or  any  part   b. Discharge  of  electric  current   arson  
thereof.   c. Inundation,  sinking  or  stranding  of  a  vessel,   • These   include   houses,   dwellings,  
3. That   there   is   no   consent   of   the   mortgagee   or   intentional   damaging   of   the   engine   of   government   buildings,   farms,   mills,  
written  on  the  back  of  the  mortgage  and  noted   said  vehicle   plantations,  railways,  bus  stations,  airports,  
on   the   record   thereof   in   the   office   of   the   d. Taking  up  the  rails  from  a  railway  track   wharves   and   other   industrial  
register  of  deeds.   e. Maliciously   changing   railway   signals   for   the   establishments  
  safety  of  moving  trains   • Burning  of  houses  is  considered  simple  arson  
Chapter   8:   Arson   and   Other   Crimes   Involving   f. Destroying   telegraph   wires   and   telegraph    
Destruction   posts,  or  those  of  any  other  system   Attempted   Frustrated   Consummated    
  g. Using   any   other   agency   or   means   of   The   offender   The   person   is   Before   the   fire  
Art.  320:  Destructive  arson   destruction   as   effective   as   those   above   commences  the   able   to   light   or   was   put   out,   it  
Note:  Articles  320  -­‐  326-­‐B  are  repealed  or  amended   enumerated   commission   of   set   fire   to   the   had   burned   a  
by   Presidential   Decree   No.   1613,   as   amended   by     the   crime   rags   but   the   part   of   the  
Rep.  Act  No.  7659.   Art.  325:  Burning  one’s  own  property  as  a  means  to   directly   by   fire   was   put   building  
• Art.  320,  as  amended  by  RA  7659,  contemplates   commit  arson   overt   acts   but   out   before   any    
the  malicious  burning  of  structures,  both  public     he   does   not   part   of   the    
and   private,   hotels,   buildings,   edifices,   trains,   Art.  326:  Setting  fire  to  property  exclusively  owned   perform   all   the   building   was  
vessels,   aircraft,   factories   and   other   military,   by  the  offender   acts   of   burned  
government   or   commercial   establishments   by     execution   (the  
any  person  or  group  of  persons.   Art.   326-­‐A:   In   case   where   death   resulted   as   a   setting   of   fire  
• If  as  a  consequence  of  the  commission  of  any  of   consequence  of  arson   to  the  rags)  due  
the  acts  penalized  under  Art.  320,  death  should     to   the   timely  
result,  the  mandatory  penalty  of  death  shall  be   Art.  326-­‐B:  Prima  facie  evidence  of  arson   intervention   of  
imposed   (Amended   by   RA   9346   re:   death   PD  1613:  Amending  the  law  on  arson   another   who  
penalty)   Arson  –  malicious  destruction  of  property  by  fire   chases   away  
    the  offender  
Art.  321:  Other  forms  of  arson   Kinds  of  arson    
  1. Simple  Arson  (Sec.  1,  PD  1613)    
Art.   322:   Cases   of   arson   not   included   in   the   2. Destructive  Arson  (Art.  320,  as  amended  by  RA    
preceding  articles   7659)    
  3. Other  cases  of  arson  (Sec.  3,  PD  1613)    
Art.  323:  Arson  of  property  of  small  value      
 
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Crimes Index
 
CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Chapter  9:  Malicious  Mischief   Qualifying  Circumstance:   TITLE  ELEVEN:  CRIMES  AGAINST  CHASTITY  
  1. Damage   shall   result   in   the   Derailment   of   Cars,    
Art.  327:  Who  are  liable  for  Malicious  Mischief   Collision,  or  Other  Accident   Chapter  1:  Adultery  and  Concubinage  
Elements        
1. That   the   offender   Deliberately   caused   Damage   *Does   not   apply   when   the   telegraph   or   telephone   Art.  333:  Adultery  
to  the  property  of  another   do  not  pertain  to  railways   Who  are  liable  
2. That  such  act  does  not  constitute  arson  or  other     1. The   married   Woman   who   engages   in   Sexual  
crimes  involving  destruction   Art.   331:   Destroying   or   Damaging   Statues,   Public   Intercourse  with  a  Man  not  her  husband  
3. That  the  act  of  damaging  another’s  property  be   Monuments  or  Paintings   2. The   Man   who,   knowing   of   the   marriage   of   the  
committed  merely  for  the  Sake  of  Damaging  it   Acts  Punished   woman,  has  Sexual  Intercourse  with  her  
  1. Any   person   who   shall   Destroy   or   Damage    
Art.   328:   Special   Cases   of   Malicious   Mischief   Statues   or   any   other   Useful   or   Ornamental   Elements  
(Qualified  Malicious  Mischief)   Public  Monuments   1. The  woman  is  married  
Special  Cases  of  Malicious  Mischief:   2. Any   person   who   shall   Destroy   or   Damage   any   2. She   has   sexual   intercourse   with   a   man   not   her  
1. Causing   damage   to   Obstruct   the   performance   Useful   or   Ornamental   Painting   of   a   Public   husband  
of  Public  Functions   Nature   3. As   regards   the   man,   he   must   know   her   to   be  
2. Using  any  Poisonous  or  Corrosive  substance     married  
3. Spreading   any   Infection   or   Contagion   among   Chapter   10:   Exemption   From   Criminal   Liability   in    
cattle;  or   Crimes  Against  Property   Pardon  (Elements)  
4. Causing  damage  to  the  property  of  the  National     1. Before  institution  of  the  Criminal  Prosecution  
Museum   or   National   Library,   or   to   any   archive   Art.  332:  Persons  Exempt  from  Criminal  Liability   2. Both  offenders  must  be  pardoned  
or   registry,   waterworks,   road,   promenade,   or   Crimes  involved  in  Exemption    
any  other  thing  used  in  Common  by  the  Public   1. Theft     Implied  Pardon  
  2. Swindling   1. When  there  is  Consent,  implied  or  expressed,  of  
Art.  329:  Other  Mischiefs   3. Malicious  Mischief   the   husband,   he   cannot   institute   a   criminal  
1. Arresto  Mayor  (med-­‐max):  Damage  >  P1,000     complaint  for  adultery  
2. Arresto  Mayor  (min):  Damage  P1000  <  x  <  P200   Persons  Exempted    
3. Arresto  Menor  or  Fine:  Not  less  than  the  value   1. Spouses,   Ascendants   and   Descendants,   or    
of  the  damage  caused  and  not  more  than  P200   Relatives  by  Affinity  on  the  same  line    
  2. The   Widowed   Spouse   with   respect   to   the    
Art.   330:   Damage   and   Obstruction   to   Means   of   Property   which   belonged   to   the   Deceased    
Communication   Spouse   before   the   same   shall   have   passed   to    
the  possession  of  Another    
Acts  Punished:  
3. Brothers   and   Sisters   and   Brothers   in   Law   and    
1. Any   person   who   shall   damage   any   Railway,  
Sisters  in  Law,  if  living  together    
Telegraph  or  Telephone  Lines  
4. Stepfather,   Adopted   Father,   Natural   Children,    
 
Concubine,   Paramour   included   as   ascendants    
 
by  affinity    

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Art.  334:  Concubinage   Chapter   3:   Seduction,   Corruption   of   Minors   and   Art.  338:  Simple  Seduction    
Who  are  liable   White  Slave  Trade     Elements  
1. The  married  Man     1. The   offended   party   is   over   12   and   under   18  
2. The   Woman   who   knew   that   the   man   was   Art.  337:  Qualified  Seduction     years  of  age  
married   Acts  Punished   2. She   must   be   of   Good   Reputation,   Single   or  
  1. Seduction   of   a   Virgin   over   12   years   and   under   Widow  
Elements     18   years   of   age   by   persons   who   abuse   their   3. The  offender  has  Sexual  Intercourse  with  her  
1. The  man  must  be  Married   authority  or  the  confidence  is  reposed   4. Such  is  committed  by  means  of  Deceit  
2. He  committed  any  of  the  following  acts:   2. Seduction   of   a   sister   by   her   brother   or    
a. Keeping  a  mistress  in  the  Conjugal  Dwelling   descendant  by  her  ascendant,  regardless  of  her   Art.  339:  Acts  of  Lasciviousness  with  the  Consent  of  
b. Having   Sexual   Intercourse   under   age  and  reputation   the  Offended  Party    
Scandalous   Circumstances   with   a   woman     Elements  
who   is   not   his   wife   (proof   of   actual   sexual   Elements   1. The  offender  commits  Acts  of  Lasciviousness  or  
relation   not   required   as   long   as   it   can   be   1. The  offended  party  is  a  Virgin   Lewdness  
inferred)  or   2. She  must  be  over  12  and  under  18  years  of  age   2. The  acts  are  committed  Upon  a  Woman  who  is  
c. Cohabiting  with  her  in  any  Other  Place  (as   3. The  offender  had  Sexual  Intercourse  with  her   a   Virgin   or   Single   or   a   Widow   of   Good  
husband  and  wife)   4. There   is   Abuse   of   Authority,   Confidence   or   Reputation,   under   18   years   of   age   but   over   12  
3. As   regards   the   woman,   she   must   know   him   to   Relationship  on  the  part  of  the  offender   years,   or   a   Sister   or   Descendant   regardless   of  
be  married     her  reputation  or  age  
  Offenders   3. The  offender  Accomplishes  the  acts  by  Abuse  of  
Chapter  2:  Acts  of  Lasciviousness   Abused  Their  Authority   Authority,  Confidence,  Relationship  or  Deceit  
  1. Persons  in  Public  Authority    
Art.  336:  Acts  of  Lasciviousness     2. Guardian   Art.  340:  Corruption  of  minors  
Elements   3. Teacher   Acts  Punished  
1. The   offender   commits   any   Act   of   Lasciviousness   4. Person   who,   in   any   capacity,   is   entrusted   with   To   Promote   or   Facilitate   the   Prostitution   or  
or  Lewdness;   the   education   or   custody   of   the   woman   Corruption  of  persons  under  age  to  satisfy  the  lust  of  
2. The   Act   of   Lasciviousness   is   committed   against   seduced   another:  
a  person  of  Either  Sex     -­‐ Under  Age:  under  18  yrs.  Old  
3. It  is  done  under  the  following  circumstances:   Abused  Confidence  Reposed  in  Them   -­‐ Victim:  of  good  reputation  
a. By  using  Force  or  Intimidation   5. Priest   -­‐ Not   necessary   that   the   unchaste   acts   shall  
b. When   the   Offended   party   is   Deprived   of   6. House  Servant     have  been  done  since  what  is  being  punished  
Reason  or  Otherwise  Unconscious   7. Domestic   is  mere  act  of  promotion  or  facilitation    
c. By   means   of   Fraudulent   Machination   or      
Grave  Abuse  of  Authority   Abused  Their  Relationship    
d. When  the  offended  party  is  Under  12  Years   8. Brother  who  seduced  his  sister    
of  age  or  Demented   9. Ascendant  who  seduced  his  descendant    
  10. A  “domestic”      
   

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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  341:  White  slave  trade   Chapter   5:   Provisions   Relative   to   the   Preceding   accomplices   with   abuse   of   authority   or  
Acts  Punished     Chapters  of  Title  11   confidential  relationship  
1. Engaging  in  business  of  prostitution      
2. Profiting  by  prostitution   Art.   344:   Prosecution   of   the   crimes   of   adultery,   “Crimes   embraced   in   chapters   second,   third   and  
3. Enlisting  services  of  women  for  prostitution   concubinage,   seduction,   abduction,   rape,   and   acts   fourth  of  this  title”  
  of  lasciviousness   1. Rape  
Chapter  4:  Abduction   1. Adultery   and   concubinage   must   be   prosecuted   2. Acts  of  lasciviousness  
  upon  complaint  signed  by  the  offended  spouse   3. Qualified  seduction  
Art.  342:  Forcible  abduction   2. Seduction,   abduction,   rape   or   acts   of   4. Simple  seduction  
Abduction   –   the   taking   away   of   a   woman   from   her   lasciviousness:   prosecuted   upon   complaint   5. Acts   of   lasciviousness   with   consent   of   the  
house   or   the   place   where   she   may   be   for   the   signed  by   offended  party  
purpose  of  carrying  her  to  another  place  with  intent   a. Offended  party,     6. Corruption  of  minors  
to  marry  or  to  corrupt  her   b. Her  parents,   7. White  slave  trade  
Elements   c. Grandparents,  or   8. Forcible  Abduction  
1. The  person  abducted  is  any  woman,  regardless   d. Guardians   in   the   order   which   they   are   9. Consented  Abduction  
of  her  age,  civil  status,  or  reputation   named  above.   TITLE   12:   CRIMES   AGAINST   THE   CIVIL   STATUS   OF  
2. The  abduction  is  against  her  will     PERSONS  
3. The  abduction  is  with  lewd  designs   Art.   345:   Civil   liability   of   persons   guilty   of   crimes    
  against  chastity     Chapter   1:   Simulation   of   Births   and   Usurpation   of  
Crimes   against   chastity   where   age   and   reputation   Civil  liability  of  persons  guilty  of  rape,  seduction  or   Civil  Status  
of  victim  are  immaterial   abduction:    
1. Rape   1. Indemnify  the  offended  woman   Art.   347:   Simulation   of   births,   substitution   of   one  
2. Acts  of  lasciviousness  against  the  will  or  without   2. Acknowledge   the   offspring,   unless   the   law   child   for   another,   and   concealment   or  
the  consent  of  the  offended  party   should  prevent  him  from  doing  so   abandonment  of  a  legitimate  child  
3. Qualified  seduction  of  sister  or  descendant   3. In  every  case  to  support  the  offspring   Acts  punished  
4. Forcible  abduction     1. Simulation  of  births  
  Art.   346:   Liability   of   ascendants,   guardians,   2. Substitution  of  one  child  for  another  
Art.  343:  Consented  abduction   teachers   or   other   persons   entrusted   with   the   3. Concealing   or   abandoning   any   legitimate   child  
Elements   custody  of  the  offended  party   with   intent   to   cause   such   child   to   lose   its   civil  
1. The  offended  party  must  be  virgin   Persons   who   cooperate   as   accomplices   but   are   status  
2. She  must  be  over  12  and  under  18  years  of  age   punished   as   principals   in   rape,   seduction,    
3. The  taking  away  of  offended  party  must  be  with   abduction,  etc.   Requisites   of   concealing   or   abandoning   of   any  
her   consent,   after   solicitation   or   cajolery   from   1. Ascendants   legitimate  child    
offender   2. Guardians   1. The  child  is  legitimate  
4. The  taking  away  must  be  with  lewd  designs   3. Curators   2. The  offender  conceals  or  abandons  such  child    
  4. Teachers   3. The  offender  has  the  intent  to  cause  such  child  
5. Any   other   person,   who   cooperates   as   to  lose  its  civil  status  
 
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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.  348:  Usurpation  of  civil  status   violence,   intimidation,   or   fraud,   the   4. The  imputation  must  be  directed  to  a  natural  or  
• Usurping   the   civil   status   of   another   is   requirement   of   the   law   as   to   consent   is   not   juridical  person,  or  one  who  is  dead  
committed   by   assuming   the   filiation,   or   the   complied   with   and   the   marriage   is   not   only   5. The   imputation   must   tend   to   cause   the  
parental  or  conjugal  rights  of  another   illegal   but   is   classified   as   a   qualified   illegal   dishonor,   discredit   or   contempt   of   the   person  
• Usurpation  of  profession  may  also  be  punished   marriage   defamed  
• Civil  status  includes  one's  public  station,  or  the      
rights,  duties,  capacities  and  incapacities  which   Art.  351:  Premature  marriages   Art.  354:  Requirement  for  publicity  
determine  a  person  to  a  given  class   Persons  liable     • Malice   in   law   is   presumed   from   every  
  1. A   widow   who   married   within   301   days   from   the   defamatory  imputation      
 Qualifying  Circumstance   date   of   the   death   of   her   husband,   or   before   • Even   if   the   defamatory   imputation   is   true,   the  
-­‐  The  purpose  of  Defrauding  the  offended  party   having   delivered   if   she   is   pregnant   at   the   time   presumption   of   malice   still   exists,   if   no   good  
  of  his  death   intention  and  justifiable  motive  for  making  it  is  
Chapter  2:  Illegal  Marriages   2. A   woman   who,   her   marriage   having   been   shown  
  annulled   or   dissolved',   married   before   her   Presumption   of   malice   is   rebutted,   if   it   can   be  
Art.  349:  Bigamy   delivery   or   before   the   expiration   of   the   period   shown  by  the  accused  that:  
Elements   of   301   days   after   the   date   of   the   legal   1. The   defamatory   imputation   is   true,   in   case   the  
1. The  offender  has  been  legally  married   separation   law  allows  proof  of  the  truth  of  the  imputation,  
2. The  marriage  has  not  been  legally  dissolved  or,     2. It  is  published  with  good  intention,  and  
in   case   his   or   her   spouse   is   absent,   the   absent   Art.  352:  Performance  of  illegal  marriage  ceremony   3. There  is  justifiable  motive  for  making  it  
spouse   could   not   yet   be   presumed   dead   Acts  Punished    
according  to  the  Civil  Code   -­‐   Priests   or   ministers   of   any   religious   denomination   Malice  is  not  presumed  in  the  following  (Privileged  
3. He  contracts  a  second  or  subsequent  marriage   or   sect,   or   civil   authorities   who   shall   perform   or   communications)  
4. The  second  or  subsequent  marriage  has  all  the   authorize   any   illegal   marriage   ceremony   shall   be   1. A   private   communication   made   by   any   person  
essential  requisites    for  validity   punished  under  the  Marriage  Law     to   another   in   the   performance   of   any   legal,  
    moral  or  social  duty  (Art.  354,  no.1);  
Art.  350:  Marriage  contracted  against  provisions  of   TITLE  13:  CRIMES  AGAINST  HONOR   2. A   fair   and   true   report,   made   in   good   faith,  
law       without   any   comments   or   remarks,   of   any  
Chapter  1:  Libel   judicial,  legislative,  or  other  official  proceedings  
Elements  
  which   are   not   of   confidential   nature,   or   of   any  
1. The  offender  contracted  marriage  
Art.  353:  Definition  of  libel     statement,   report,   or   speech   delivered   in   said  
2. He  knew  at  the  time  that  
Elements   proceedings,   or   of   any   other   act   performed   by  
a. The   requirements   of   the   law   were   not  
1. There   must   be   an   imputation   of   a   crime,   or   of   a   public   officers   in   the   exercise   of   their   functions.  
complied  with,  or    
vice   or   defect,   real   or   imaginary,   or   any   act,   (Art.  354,  No.2)  
b. The   marriage   was   in   disregard   of   a   legal  
omission,  status  or  circumstance      
impediment  
2. The  imputation  must  be  made  publicly        
 
3. It  must  be  malicious    
Qualifying  Circumstance  
 
• When   consent   is   obtained   by   means   of  

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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Art.   355:   Libel   by   means   of   writings   or   similar   Factors   that   determine   the   gravity   of   oral   persons   who   in   any   way   participate   in   or   have  
means   defamation   connection  with  its  publication  
• A  libel  may  be  committed  by  means  of:   1. Expressions  used    
• Writing,   printing,   lithography,   engraving,   2. Personal   relations   of   the   accused   and   the   Art.  361:  Proof  of  the  truth  
radio,   phonograph,   painting,   theatrical   offended  party   Proof  of  the  truth  is  admissible  in  any  of  the  ff.  
exhibition,   cinematographic   exhibition,   or   3. Circumstances  surrounding  the  case   1. When  the  act  or  omission  imputed  constitutes  a  
any  similar  means   4. Social   standing   and   position   of   the   offended   crime  regardless  of  whether  the  offended  party  
  party   is  a  private  individual  or  a  public  officer  
Art.   356:   Threatening   to   publish   and   offer   to     2. When   the   offended   party   is   a   Government  
prevent  such  publication  for  a  compensation     Art.  359:  Slander  by  deed   employee,   even   if   the   act   or   omission   imputed  
Acts  Punished   Slander  by  deed  –  committed  by  performing  any  act   does   not   constitute   a   crime,   provided,   it   is  
1. Threatening   another   to   publish   a   libel   which   casts   dishonor,   discredit,   or   contempt   upon   related  to  the  discharge  of  his  official  duties  
concerning  him,  or  his  parents,  spouse,  child,  or   another  person      
other  members  of  his  family     Requisites  of  defense  in  defamation  
2. Offering  to  prevent  the  publication  of  such  libel   Elements   1. If   it   appears   that   the   matter   charged   as   libelous  
for  compensation,  or  money  consideration   1. The   offender   performs   any   act   not   included   in   is  true  
  any  of  the  other  crimes  against  honor   a. An  act  or  omission  constituting  a  crime  
Art.  357:  Prohibiting  publication  of  acts  referred  to   2. That   such   act   is   performed   in   the   presence   of   b. An  act  of  omission  of  a  public  officer  which,  
in  the  course  of  official  proceedings   other  persons   although   not   constituting   a   crime,   is  
Elements   3. That   such   acts   casts   dishonor,   discredit   or   related  to  the  discharge  of  his  duties  
1. The  offender  is  a  reporter,  editor  or  manager  of   contempt  upon  the  offended  party   2. It  was  published  with  good  motives  
a  newspaper  daily  or  magazine     • Whether   good   motives   exist   is   a   question  
2. He   publishes   facts   connected   with   the   private   2  kinds   to   be   answered   by   the   court,   taking   into  
life  of  another   1. Simple  slander  by  deed   consideration   the   intent   of   the   author   &  
3. Such   facts   are   offensive   to   the   honor,   virtue   &   2. Grave   slander   by   deed,   which   is   of   a   serious   the  other  circumstances  in  the  case  
reputation  of  said  person   nature   3. And  for  justifiable  ends  
     
Art.  358:  Slander   Art.  360:  Persons  responsible   Art.  362:  Libelous  remarks    
Slander   is   oral   defamation;   Committed   by   oral   Persons  responsible   Libelous   remarks   or   comments   on   matters  
(spoken)  means,  instead  of  in  writing   1. The   person   who   publishes,   exhibits   or   causes   privileged,   if   made   with   malice   in   fact,   do   not  
  the  publication  or  exhibition  of  any  defamation   exempt  the  author  or  editor  
2  kinds  of  oral  defamation   in  writing  or  similar  means    
1. Simple  Slander   2. The  author  or  editor  of  a  book  or  pamphlet    
2. Grave  slander,  when  it  is  of  a  serious  &  insulting   3. The   editor   or   business   manager   of   a   daily    
nature   newspaper  magazine  or  serial  publication    
  4. The  owner  of  the  printing  plant  which  publishes    
a   libelous   article   with   his   consent,   &   all   other    
 
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CRIM  REVIEW  BOOK  II  
 
Chapter  2:  Incriminatory  Machinations   maliciously,   would   have   constituted   a   light   the   period   which   they   may   deem   proper   to  
  felony   apply  
Art.  363:  Incriminating  innocent  person     2. When,   by   imprudence   or   negligence   and   with  
Elements   Elements  (Reckless  imprudence)   violation  of  the  Automobile  Law,  the  death  of  a  
1. The  offender  performs  an  act   1. The  offender  does  or  fails  to  do  an  act   person   shall   be   caused,   in   which   case   the  
2. By  such  act  he  directly  incriminates  or  imputes   2. The   doing   of   or   the   failure   to   do   the   act   is   defendant   shall   be   punished   by   prision  
to   an   innocent   person   the   commission   of   a   voluntary   correccional   in   its   medium   and   maximum  
crime   3. It  be  without  malice   periods  
3. Such  act  does  not  constitute  perjury   4. Material  damage  results  
  5. There   is   inexcusable   lack   of   precaution   on   the  
Art.  364:  Intriguing  against  honor   part  of  the  offender,  taking  into  consideration  
a. His  employment  or  occupation,  
• Committed   by   any   person   who   shall   make   any  
b. Degree   of   intelligence,   physical   condition,  
intrigue   which   has   for   its   principal   purpose   to  
and  
blemish   the   honor   or   reputation   of   another  
c. Other   circumstances   regarding   persons,  
person  
time  and  place  
• Intriguing   against   honor   is   any   scheme   or   plot  
 
by  means  which  consist  of  some  trickery    
Elements  (Simple  Imprudence)  
• Gossiping,   which   is   done   by   availing   directly   of  
1. There   is   lack   of   precaution   on   the   part   of   the  
spoken  words,  is  not  intriguing  against  honor  
offender  
 
2. The   damage   impending   to   be   caused   is   not  
TITLE  14:  QUASI-­‐OFFENSES  
immediate   or   the   danger   is   not   clearly  
Solo  Chapter:  Criminal  Negligence  
manifested  
Art.  365:  Imprudence  and  negligence  
 
Quasi-­‐offenses   under   Art.   365   are   committed   in   4   Qualifying  circumstance  
ways   • Failing  to  lend  help    
1. Committing   through   reckless   imprudence   any  
• The   penalty   next   higher   in   degree   to   be  
act   which,   had   it   been   intentional,   would  
imposed  if  the  offender  fails  to  lend  on  the  spot  
constitute   a   grave   or   less   grave   felony   or   light  
help  to  the  injured  parties  
felony  
 
2. Committing   through   simple   imprudence   or  
Penalties  provided  in  Art.  365  are  not  applicable  in  
negligence   an   act   which   would   otherwise  
the  ff.  cases:  
constitute  a  grave  or  less  serious  felony  
1. When  the  penalty  provided  for  in  the  offense  is  
3. Causing   damage   to   the   property   of   another  
equal   to   or   lower   than   those   provided   in   the  
through   reckless   imprudence   or   simple  
first   2   pars.   of   this   article,   in   which   case   the  
imprudence  or  negligence  
courts   shall   impose   the   penalty   next   lower   in  
4. Causing   through   simple   imprudence   or  
degree   than   that   which   should   be   imposed,   in  
negligence   some   wrong   which,   if   done  

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