The term "goods" refers to all movable property apart from

actionable claims and money. This includes growing crops,

grass, and other things attached to land or forming a part of
the land, as well as stocks and shares.
Goods may be classified into
1. Existing goods
2. Future goods
3. Contingent goods
Existing goods are goods that physically exist and belong to
the seller at the time of contract of sale. Existing can be
further divided into two categories:
Specific goods. Goods identified and agreed upon at the time
of the making of the contract of sale are called ‘specific
goods’ [Sec. 2(14)]. It may be noted that in actual practice
the term ‘ascertained goods’ is used in the same sense as
‘specific goods,’ For example, where A agrees to sell to B a
particular Laptop bearing a distinctive number, there is a
contract of sale of specific or ascertained goods.
Unascertained goods. The goods, which are not separately
identified or ascertained at the time of the making of the
contract, are known as ‘unascertained goods.’ They are
indicated or defined only by description. For example, if A
agrees to sell to B one bag of sugar out of the lot of one
hundred bags lying in his godown; it is a sale of unascertained
goods because it is not known which bag is to be delivered.
As soon as a particular bag is separated from the lot for
delivery, it becomes ascertained or specific goods.
The distinction between ‘specific’ or ‘ascertained’ and
‘unascer­tained’ goods is important in connection with the
rules regarding ‘transfer of property’ from the seller to the
buyer.
Future goods: Future goods are goods to be manufactured or
produced or yet to be acquired by seller. There cannot be
present sale in respect future goods because the property
cannot pass.
Example
X agrees to sell to Y all the mangoes, which will be produced
in his garden next year. It is contract of sale of future goods,
amounting to ‘an agreement to sell.’
Contingent Goods: Though a type of future goods, these are
the goods the acquisition of which by the seller depends
upon a contingency, which may or may not happen [Sec. 6
(2)].
Example
A agrees to sell specific goods in a particular ship to B to be
delivered on the arrival of the ship. If the ship arrives but
with no such goods on board, the seller is not liable, for the
contract is to deliver the goods should they arrive.