HVAC Absorption Chillers vs Electric Chillers

In any HVAC system,selection of chillers involve many factors to be considered

judiciously.These factors simultaneously present many advantages and
disadvantages to end users.For the selection of water chillers,HVAC engineers
consider all these factors keeping in view all the resources they have at their
facility.

Absorption chiller vs electric chiller

Comparison of Absorption Chillers and Electric (Compression)

Chillers

Following is the comparison of absorption chiller and electric chiller is

presented below with aim to help you to decide the type of chillers for
HVAC system.

1. Absorption chillers have COP (coefficient of performance )of only 0.54–1.1

and it competes poorly with electric chillers (rotary compressor chillers).
Electric chillers on other hand have COP from 1.0 ~ 8.0.
2. Absorption HVAC chillers occupy approximately 50% more floor area than
the equivalent electric chillers (vapor compression chillers).
3. Additionally due to height of absorption chillers, mechanical equipment
rooms must be 6–10 ft taller than rooms housing electric chillers. Finally,
because the liquid solution is contained in long, shallow trays within an
absorption chiller, the floor must be as close to absolutely level as possible.
4. In HVAC system,Absorption chiller will weight at least twice as much the
equivalent electric chiller (vapor compression chiller).
5. Due to greater size, absorption chillers are sometimes shipped in several
sections, requiring field welding for final assembly.This is not case with
counterpart electric chillers or compression chillers.
6. Most of electric water chillers are shipped from the factory with their
refrigerant charge installed.While the refrigerant and absorbent (including
additives) must be field installed in absorption HVAC chillers.
7. When we talk about noise and vibration, absorption chillers (unless direct-
fired) are quiet and essentially vibration-free as compared to compression
chillers (electric drive chillers). Noise and vibrations in HVAC system annoy
more than anything else .
8. Due to the potential for crystallization of the lithium bromide in the chiller if
it becomes too cool, the condenser water temperature must be kept above
75–808F.There is no problem of crystallization in electric chillers (vapor
compression chillers). Forget about the crystallization and stay cooled if you
have installed compression chillers .
9. Absorption water chillers require sometimes an emergency power source if
lengthy power outages are more often expected. Without power and heat
input, the chiller begins to cool and the lithium bromide solution may
crystallize. However, as absorption chillers consume very little electric
energy so a small dedicated back-up generator can serve this purpose well.
10. HVAC system also gives importance to the amount of heat to be rejected in
condenser by water cooling or air-cooling media.The heat rejection rate
from the condenser of lithium bromide chiller is 20–50% greater than for
the equivalent electric chiller, requiring higher condenser water flow rates
and larger cooling towers and condenser water pumps.
11. Finally, an indirect-fired absorption water chiller will be at least 50% more
expensive to purchase than the equivalent electric-drive chiller. Direct-fired
absorption chillers will cost almost twice as much as an electric machine,
and have the added costs associated with providing combustion air and
venting (stack).
12. Absorption water chiller or lithium bromide chiller uses natural refrigerants
such water and eliminate the need of CFC or HCFC refrigerants which have
high global warming potential.
13. If you have plenty of waste heat or direct fire available ,and want to reduce
your electric load ,then probably absorption chillers are the best solution.But
obviously all above factors are to be considered for the selection of HVAC
water chillers.

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Tuesday, November 20, 2012

Types of Chillers
Chiller Types have been designed to cater to the diversified requirement of industrial
chillers.Water chillers have evolved due to the variety in availability of type of energy at
industry or small level.Types of chillers have made the use of the chillers flexible in terms of
energy input.

Water chillers

Industrial research in the field of chiller has eased the selection of chillers in an economical
and robust manner.There is no need of worry whatever type of energy you have available
with you.

Each type of chiller targets the specific users classified on the basis of type of energy they
have.

HVAC systems employ different types of chillers within the available resources of clients or
users.

A chiller may be the best option for particular application while the same chiller may costly or
less feasible for another application or plant.
Hvac water chillers are classified primarily on the basis of cycle on which they work.

 Vapor compression chillers or compression chillers or electric chillers

 Vapor absorption chillers or absorption chillers or ammonia chillers or lithium bromide
chillers

HVAC chiller types

Vapor compression chillers are further classified on following basis.

 Type of compressor i.e reciprocating compressor,rotory compressor or screw compressor

type vapor compressor chillers
 Type of condenser i.e air cooled condenser or air cooled chillers OR water cooled
condensers or water cooled chillers

While Vapor absorption chillers are further classified as following:

 Direct fired absorption chillers (Natural gas, Diesel or Kerosene Oil Operated)
 Indirect fired absorption chillers

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Sunday, June 17, 2012

Water Chillers
Water chillers are backbone of HVAC cooling systems.Water chiller is a refrigeration machine
which produces chilled water ( Approx 7 Degree C ~ 12 Degree C).The primary function of a
chiller is to lower the temperature of water to such value such that it can be used for producing
cooling effect in integration with other HVAC components. A water chiller is just like a other
refrigerator machine but instead of keeping your food cool or making ice,it produces chilled
water.The output of chiller is a water at lower temperature usually around about 10 o C
depending upon the Chiller design.

HVAC water chillers play vital role in any HVAC systems along with other basic components.
Chillers have got much attention in recent years for its new designs and performance
improvement in existing designs. New designs have resulted in hvac chiller with better
efficiency and less operation and maintenance costs. Another desirable features is energy
saving and precise load or capacity control for new chillers. We see the chillers with above
features in market but as engineering professionals we hope to see more with design
improvements with less O & M cost. It is essential part of HVACsystem to have a chiller. Chiller
manufacturers have also expanded their production as well design capabilities to cater to the
diversified demands of HVAC chillers.

HVAC Chiller Basics

Working Principle of Vapor Compression Chiller

An HVAC chiller works on vapor compression or vapor absorption cycle.In vapor compression
cycle, refrigerant circulates in evaporator ,compressor, condenser and expansion valve of a
chiller. A thermodynamic process occurs in each of above chillers.Theoretical working of Vapor
compression or compression chillers is explained below.

Heat addition to refrigerant in evaporator ( 1-2):

Refrigerant gets vaporized by taking heat from chilled water in evaporator thus serving its
prime purpose. Refrigerant comes out of evaporator as vapors but on other side chilled water
is produced. Thus heat is added to refrigerant at constant pressure but is extracted from
chilled water. Both refrigerant and chilled water don’t get mixed and are separated by some
solid wall in between them in evaporator like shell and tube design.

Compression of refrigerant vapors in compressor (2 - 3 ):

 Working Principle of Water Chillers

Refrigerant vapors come out of evaporator and then compressed by chiller compressor to high
pressure and temperature. Compressor requires energy input for its working and hence
electric energy is supplied to it.

Heat rejection by refrigerant in condenser ( 3 - 4 ) :

Similar to evaporator ,but reverse is happening here. Refrigerant rejects its heat to outside
cooling liquid or air .In this way, refrigerant gets condensed and outside media is heated.
outside media e.g. cooling water may be cooled by cooling tower and recycled again into
condenser.

Expansion of refrigerant in expansion valve ( 4 -1 ) :

Refrigerant in condensed form coming out of condenser is expanded in expansion valve and
its pressure and temperature is reduced to level of evaporator so that above cycle is repeated
again.

In above four components of hvac chiller ,evaporator is the part where we get chilled water
after exchanging heat with refrigerant .

Must Read : Absorption Chillers vs Electric (Compression) chillers

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Friday, May 25, 2012

HVAC Chillers

hvac chillers
Get Free Books here : View Download

1. what is hvac
2. hvac
3. what are chillers
4. working principle of chillers
5. parts of water chillers
6. comparison of chillers
7. how chillers work
8. refrigeration
9. airconditioning
10. water chillers
11. electric chillers

12. absorption chillers

13. trane chillers

14. cooling towers

15. york chillers

16. types of chillers

17. lithium bromidechillers

18. water chiller manufacturers

19. carrier chillers

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