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Fieldwork No. 3
LAYING OUT AND MEASURING LINES AND ANGLES BY TAPE

I. OBJECTIVES
a. To familiarize students with the use of a tape in measuring and laying out angles.
b. To familiarize students with the use of a tape in laying out perpendicular and para allllel
lines. This is a group activity.

II. INSTRUMENTS
2pcs – range poles 1pc – 50 meter tape
marking pins Chalks

III. PROCEDURE

ESTABLISHING PERPENDICULAR LINES

A. 3-4-5 Method
Given Line: XY
1. Establish line XY. Distance XY should be
more than 5 meters.
2. Lay out a distance of 3 meters along line XY
from point A. Mark it with a markingng pin
and call it as point B.
3. From point A, lay out a distance of 4 meters;
make a loop at the end to have the exact full
meter mark and connect the other end of the
tape to point with a distance equal to 5 meter
Then mark the loop point with marking pin
and designanate it as point C.
4. ∠ BAC should be equal to 90°. CCheck the
accuracy by measuring the angle laid.
5. Compute the relative precision.
 B. Chord Bisection Method
Given Line: JK
1. Establish line JK.
2. Hold firmly the zero end of the tape at point
M.
3. Unwind the tape up to the length which is
more than sufficient to intersect the given
line at two separate points.
4. From point M, swing the tape and mark the
points of intersection with the given line.
DDesignate them as points N and O. Take
note of the lengths of MN and MO.
5. Measure distance NO and mark the midpoint
as point P.
6. ∠MPN and ∠MPO should be equal to 90°.
Check the accuracy by measuring the angle
llaid.
7. Compute the relative precision.

FORMULA:
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷 − 𝐷 where:
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 =
𝐷 +𝐷 𝜃=
2
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷, 90 ∘

|𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷|
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
𝜙=
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷
ESTABLISHING PARALLEL LINES

Given Line: DE
1. Establish line DE and point F.
2. At point F, hold the zero end of the tape.
3. Unwind the tape such that it is sufficient to
intersect the given line.
4. Swing the tape until a whole meter tape
mark intersects the given line. Mark the po
oint of intersection with marking pin and
designate it as point F’
5. Mark also with marking pin the midpoint of
the tape and designate it as point O.
6. Let one member hold the tape at t p point O.
Transfer the two ends of the tape in opposite
directions with midpoint still at its original
position. Designate the new point on the
given line as point G’ and the new position of
the zero end as point G.
7. Measure lines FG’ and GF’.

FORMULA:

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷′ − 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷′ or

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 2 − 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 3

Laying out a given horizontal acute angle by tape.

1. Put a marking pin at any point on the ground. Call this as point A. This will be the vertex of
the angle.
2. From point A, lay out a 20-meter d distance and mark the end with a marking pin and
designate it as a point B.
3. From point A, lay out a distance of 20cosθ; make a loop at the end to have the exact full meter
mark and connect the other end of the tape to point with a distance equal to 20sinθ. Then
mark the loop p p point with marking pin and designate it as point C.
4. The angle laid is ∠ BAC which is equal to the given
5. Let θ = 30° for the first trial and 45° and 90° for the second and third trials respectively.
FORMULA:

Laying out angle:

AB= 20meters
BC= 20sin𝜃
AC= 20cos𝜃

Measuring a horizontal angle by

chord bisection method.

1. Use the same angles laid from pap art 1.

2. Place the two range poles at points B and C.
3. With a certain distance from point A, say 8 meters, set points along lines AB and AC and
mark them with marking pins as points B’ and C’ r respectively.
4. Measure the distance points B’ and C’.
5. Compute for ∠ BAC.
6. Repeat the same procedure for the 45° and 60° angles.
7. Compute the discrepancy and relative precision for each trial.
 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 = 𝐷 − 𝐷

𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 =
𝐷 +𝐷
2
|𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷|
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 =
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷

Instead of using mean angle in solving the relative precision, you may use the value of the given
angle.

IV. FINDINGS

Laying out horizontal angles:

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2

D (meters)

𝜃(degrees)

AB (meters)

BC (meters)

AC (meters)

Measuring horizontal angles:

TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2
 L (meters)

𝜃(degrees)

X or B’C’ (meters)

𝜙(degrees)

Discrepancy (degrees)

Mean Angle (degrees)

Relative Precision

Establishing Perpendicular Lines Establishing

Parallel Lines

3-4-5 Method Chord Bisection Method

L1 (meters)

L2 (meters)

L3 (meters)

𝜃(degrees)

𝜙(degrees)

Discrepancy (degrees)

Mean Angle (degrees)

Relative Precision
V. CONCLUSION

VI. SKETCH