Professional Documents
Culture Documents
}PWﻟ ّ ِﺮَkﺎُل ﻗَ½ﻮ ٰ ُﻣﻮَن ََhﲆ PWﻟ َِّ nﺴ ۤﺎِء ِﺑَﻤﺎ ﻓَ½ﻀَﻞ 9ُ ½ PWﺑ َ ۡﻌَﻀُﻬ ۡﻢ ٰ َ َhﲆ ﺑ َ ۡﻌﺾࣲ◌ َوِﺑَﻤ ۤﺎ
ࣱ
ﻆ ۚ9ُ ½ PW WTﻧَﻔُﻘﻮ ۟ا ِﻣ ۡﻦ ۡ WTﻣَﻮ ٰ ِﻟِﻬ ۡ ۚﻢ ﻓَ Pﻟ½ﺼِٰWﻠَﺤُٰWﺖ ﻗَِٰWﻨٌWَٰÅﺖ َﺣِٰWﻔَﻈٰWﺖ◌ –ﻠَﻐ ۡﯿِﺐ ِﺑَﻤﺎ َﺣﻔ َ
ِ ۡ ّ ِ
{...
ﻓََﻤْﻮِﻗُﻊ ﴿اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎُل ﻗَّﻮاُﻣﻮَن َhﲆ اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎِء﴾ َﻣْﻮِﻗُﻊ اﳌ َُﻘ½ﺪَﻣِﺔ ِ–ﻠُْﺤ ْ ِﲂ ِﺑَﺘْﻘِﺪِﱘ َدِﻟﯿ ِ ِä
ِﻟِﻼْﻫِﺘﲈِم ِ§½˜ِﻟﯿِﻞٕ ،اْذ ﻗَْﺪ ﯾ ََﻘُﻊ ُﺳﻮُء ﺗَ ِYوﯾٍﻞْWٔ ،و ﻗَْﺪ وﻗََﻊ ِ§ﻟِﻔْﻌِﻞ ،ﻓََﻘْﺪ ُرِوَي
ٔ½Wن َﺳ•ََﺐ ُُýﺰوِل آIﯾ َِﺔ ﻗَْﻮُل اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎِء :ﻟَْﯿ¶َ wﺎ ا ْﺳَ7ﺘَﻮﯾْﻨﺎ َﻣَﻊ اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ﰲ اِﳌﲑا ِث
ﴍْﻛﻨﺎﱒ ﰲ اﻟَﻐْﺰِو. وَ ِ
ﻆ وا ّ ِ˜ﻓﺎعِ ،وِﻗ.ﺎُم اِﻻْﻛِwﺴﺎِب وِﻗ.ﺎُم اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل َhﲆ اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎِء ﻫﻮ ِﻗ.ﺎُم اِﳊْﻔ ِ
وإﻻﻧْﺘﺎجِ اﳌﺎ ِ ِ ّﱄ ،وَِ¸ ِ َ œﻗﺎَلِ﴿ :ﺑﲈ ﻓَ½ﻀَﻞ ا ½ ُ 9ﺑ َْﻌَﻀﻬﻢ َhﲆ ﺑ َْﻌٍﺾ وِﺑﲈ ٔWﻧَْﻔُﻘﻮا
ِﻣﻦ ْٔWﻣﻮاِﻟِﻬْﻢ﴾ ْٔWيِ :ﺑَﺘْﻔِﻀﯿِﻞ ا ½ ِ 9ﺑ َْﻌَﻀﻬﻢ َhﲆ ﺑ َْﻌٍﺾ و ِ ﻧٕ§ ْﻔﺎِﻗِﻬْﻢ ِﻣﻦ ْٔWﻣﻮاِﻟِﻬْﻢ،
واﳌ ُﺮاُد ِ§ﻟَﺒْﻌِﺾ ﰲ ﻗَْﻮ ِ ِ¯ ﺗَﻌﺎﱃ :ﻓَ½ﻀَﻞ ا ½ ُ 9ﺑ َْﻌَﻀﻬﻢ ﻫﻮ ﻓَِﺮﯾُﻖ اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل َﻛﲈ
ﻫﻮ ﻇﺎِﻫٌﺮ ِﻣَﻦ اﻟَﻌْﻄِﻒ ﰲ ﻗَْﻮ ِ ِ¯﴿ :وِﺑﲈ ٔWﻧَْﻔُﻘﻮا ِﻣﻦ ْٔWﻣﻮاِﻟِﻬْﻢ﴾ ﻓَٕﺎ½ن اﻟ½ﻀِﻤَﲑِْyﻦ
ِ–ﻠ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل.
ﻓﺎﻟﺘ½ْﻔِﻀﯿُﻞ ﻫﻮ اﳌ َﺰا Ýاِﳉِﺒ ِﻠ ّ½ﯿُﺔ اﻟ ½ِﱵ ﺗَْﻘِ َÅﴤ ~ﺎََkﺔ اﳌ َْﺮِٔWة ٕاﱃ اﻟ½ﺮُِkﻞ ﰲ ا½¸ِّب
َﻋْﳯﺎ وِﺣﺮا َﺳِ 7ﳤﺎ ِﻟَﺒﻘﺎِء ذا ِﲥﺎ،
َﻛﲈ ﻗﺎَل َْﲻُﺮو ُْÐﻦ ُ ْﳇﺜُﻮٍم:
ﯾ َُﻘ ْ َﱳ ِﺟ.ﺎَد… وﯾ َُﻘﻠَْﻦ ﻟَ ْﺴُْ 7ﱲ ∗∗∗ ﺑُُﻌﻮﻟََﺘﻨﺎ ٕاذا ﻟَْﻢ ﺗَْﻤﻨَُﻌﻮ…
ﻓََﻬﺬا اﻟﺘ½ْﻔِﻀﯿُﻞ َﻇَﻬَﺮْت ُ^ٓ Wرُﻩ َhﲆ َﻣ ّ ِﺮ اﻟُﻌُﺼﻮِر وأْIﺟ.ﺎِل ،ﻓَﺼﺎَر َﺣﻘ:ﺎ
ُﻣْﻜَ َ wﺴً7ﺒﺎ ِ–ﻠ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ،وَﻫِﺬِﻩ ُﺣ½®ٌﺔ ُْÐﺮﻫﺎِﻧ½ﯿٌﺔ َhﲆ َﻛْﻮِن اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ﻗَّﻮاِﻣَﲔ َhﲆ
اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎِء ﻓَٕﺎ½ن ~ﺎََkﺔ اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎِء ٕاﱃ اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ِﻣﻦ َﻫِﺬِﻩ اﻟﻨّﺎِﺣَِ.ﺔ ُﻣ ْﺴَ7ﺘِﻤ½ﺮٌة وٕاْن
ﰷﻧ َْﺖ ﺗَْﻘﻮى وﺗَْﻀُﻌ ُﻒ.
وﻗَْﻮ ُ ُ¯﴿ :وِﺑﲈ ٔWﻧَْﻔُﻘﻮا﴾ ِ_َء ِﺑِﺼﯿَﻐِﺔ اﳌﺎ ِﴈ ِﻟ ْ ٕﻼﳝﺎِء ٕاﱃ ْٔWﻣٍﺮ ﻗَْﺪ ﺗََﻘ½ﺮَر ﰲ
اﳌ ُ ْﺠَﺘَﻤﻌﺎِت إﻻْ ùﺴﺎِﻧ½ﯿِﺔ ُﻣْ¶ُﺬ اﻟِﻘَﺪِم ،ﻓﺎﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎُل ُ ُﱒ اﻟﻌﺎﺋِﻠُﻮَن ِﻟِnﺴﺎِء اﻟﻌﺎﺋِ َ ِِ ëﻣﻦ
ﲷِﲑ اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ِ ٔ½Iن اِﻻْﻛِwﺴﺎَب ِﻣﻦ ْٔWزواجٍ وﺑ َﻨﺎٍت ،وِ WÔﺿﯿَﻔِﺖ أْIﻣﻮاُل ٕاﱃ َ ِ
َﺷ ِYن اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ،ﻓََﻘْﺪ ﰷَن ﰲ ُﻋُﺼﻮِر اﻟَﺒﺪاَوِة ِ§ﻟ½ﺼْﯿِﺪ وِ§ﻟﻐﺎَرِة وِ§ﻟَﻐﻨﺎ ِ ِﰂ
واﳊَْﺮ ِث ،وَذ ِ َِ œﻣﻦ َ َﲻِﻞ اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ،وزاَد اْﻛِwﺴﺎُب اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل ﰲ ُﻋُﺼﻮِر
اﳊَﻀﺎَرِة ِ§ﻟَﻐْﺮِس واﻟ ِﺘّ®ﺎَرِة وإﻻkﺎَرِة وأIﺑَِِْ.nﺔ ،و َ ْﳓِﻮ َذ ِ َ ،œوَﻫِﺬِﻩ ُﺣ½®ٌﺔ
ﴩ ،ﻻ ِﺳ½7ﯿﲈ اﻟَﻌَﺮُب .وﯾ َْﻨُﺪُر ِﺧﻄﺎِﺑ½ﯿٌﺔ ِ ٔ½ Iﳖﺎ َْÑﺮِﺟُﻊ ٕاﱃ ُﻣْﺼَﻄﻠَِﺢ ¦ﺎِﻟِﺐ اﻟ•َ َ ِ
ْٔWن ﺗََﺘَﻮّﱃ اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎُء َﻣﺴﺎِﻋَﻲ ِﻣَﻦ اِﻻْﻛِwﺴﺎِب ،ﻟَِﻜ½ﻦ َذ ِ َِ… œدٌر ِ§ﻟ ِْ ّ nﺴَ7ﺒِﺔ ٕاﱃ
َ َﲻِﻞ اﻟ½ﺮُِkﻞ ِﻣَْ.ﻞ اْﺳِ®aْ wﺎِر اﻟِّﻈ ْ ِﱤ ﻧ َْﻔَﺴﻬﺎ وﺗَْﻨِﻤَﯿِﺔ اﳌ َْﺮِٔWة ﻣﺎًﻻ وِرﺛَْﺘُﻪ ِﻣﻦ
ﻗَﺮاِ َÐﳤﺎ.
وِﻣﻦ ﺑ َِﺪﯾﻊ ِ إﻻ ْﲺﺎِز َﺻْﻮ ُغ ﻗَْﻮ ِ ِ¯ِ﴿ :ﺑﲈ ﻓَ½ﻀَﻞ ا ½ ُ 9ﺑ َْﻌَﻀﻬﻢ َhﲆ ﺑ َْﻌٍﺾ وِﺑﲈ
ٔWﻧَْﻔُﻘﻮا ِﻣﻦ ْٔWﻣﻮاِﻟِﻬْﻢ﴾ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻟٍَﺐ ﺻﺎِﻟٍﺢ ِ–ﻠَْﻤْﺼَﺪِرﯾ ½ِﺔ واﳌ َْﻮُﺻﻮِﻟ½ﯿِﺔ ،ﻓﺎﳌ َْﺼَﺪِرﯾ ½ُﺔ
ُﻣْﺸِﻌَﺮٌة ِﺑ ٔ½ن اﻟِﻘ.ﺎِﻣَ½.ﺔ َﺳ•َُﳢﺎ ﺗَْﻔِﻀﯿٌﻞ ِﻣَﻦ ا ½ ِ 9وٕاﻧْﻔﺎٌق ،واﳌ َْﻮُﺻﻮِﻟ½ﯿُﺔ ُﻣْﺸِﻌَﺮٌة
ِﺑ ٔ½ن َﺳ•َ َﳢﺎ ﻣﺎ ﯾ َْﻌﻠَُﻤُﻪ اﻟﻨّﺎُس ِﻣﻦ ﻓَْﻀِﻞ اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎِل وِﻣﻦ ٕاﻧْﻔﺎِﻗِﻬْﻢ ِﻟَﯿْﺼﻠَُﺢ ا ِﳋﻄﺎُب
ِ–ﻠَْﻔِﺮﯾَﻘ ْ ِﲔh :ﺎِﻟِﻤِﻬْﻢ وkﺎِﻫِﻠِﻬْﻢَ ،ﻛَﻘْﻮِل اﻟ½ﺴَﻤْﻮِٔWل ِٔWو اﳊﺎِر ِ ِ ّﰔ:
َﺳ ِﲇ ٕاْن َ ِÊﻠِْﺖ اﻟﻨّﺎَس َﻋﻨّﺎ وَﻋْﳯﻢ ∗∗∗ ﻓَﻠََْÜﺲ َﺳﻮاًء hﺎِﻟٌWﻢ وَﺟـُﻬـﻮُل
واﻟﻔﺎُء ﰲ ﻗَْﻮ ِ ِ¯﴿ :ﻓﺎﻟّﺼﺎِﻟGﺎُت﴾ ِ–ﻠَْﻔِﺼﯿَِGﺔْWٔ ،ي ٕاذا ﰷَن اﻟ ّ ِﺮkﺎُل ﻗَّﻮاِﻣَﲔ
ﴍ ِِﲥ½ﻦ ْٔWزوا َ ُ½Êﻦ َhﲆ اﻟ ِّ nﺴﺎِء ﻓَِﻤَﻦ اﳌ ُِﻬ ّ ِﻢ ﺗَْﻔِﺼﯿُﻞ ْٔWﺣﻮاِل أْIزواجِ ِﻣﳯُ½ﻦ وُﻣﻌﺎ َ َ
وﻫﻮ اﳌ َْﻘُﺼﻮُد ،ﻓََﻮَﺻ َﻒ ا ½ ُ 9اﻟّﺼﺎِﻟGﺎِت ِﻣﳯُ½ﻦ وْﺻًﻔﺎ ﯾُِﻔُ.ﺪ ِرﺿﺎُﻩ ﺗَﻌﺎﱃ،
ﴩﯾﻊ ِْWٔ ،ي ِﻟَﯿُﻜ½ﻦ ﺻﺎِﻟGﺎٍت .واﻟﻘﺎِﻧﺘﺎُت :اﳌ ُِﻄﯿﻌﺎُت ِ ½ ِ.9 ﻓَﻬﻮ ﰲ َﻣْﻌﲎ اﻟِ ْ ½ w
واﻟُﻘ¶ُﻮُتِ :ﻋﺒﺎَدُة ا ½ ِ ،9وﻗَ½ﺪَﻣُﻪ ُﻫﻨﺎ وٕاْن ﻟَْﻢ َُyﻜْﻦ ِﻣﻦ ِﺳ7ﯿﺎِق اﻟ َِhم ِﻟ ½Mﻻَِß
ﻆ َﺣ ّ ِﻖ ْٔWزوا ِ ِ½Êﻦ ،وَِ¸ ِ َ œﻗﺎَل~﴿ :ﺎِﻓﻈﺎٌت َhﲆ ﺗَﻼُزِم َﺧْﻮِﻓِﻬ½ﻦ ا ½ َ 9وِﺣْﻔ ِ
ِ–ﻠَْﻐْﯿِﺐ﴾ْWٔ ،ي ~ﺎِﻓﻈﺎُت ْٔWزوا ِ ِ½Êﻦ ِﻋْﻨَﺪ ﻏَْﯿ•َ ِ ِﳤْﻢ ،وَhﻠ ½َﻖ اﻟَﻐْﯿَﺐ ِ§ِﳊْﻔ ِ
ﻆ
َhﲆ َﺳِ•ِ.ﻞ اﳌ َ®ﺎِز اﻟَﻌْﻘ ِِّﲇ ِ ٔIﻧ ½ُﻪ وْﻗُُÅﻪ.
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :
اﳊﺪﯾﺚ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻮﻓﺎن اﻟﻄﻼق ﻻ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻄﻼق ا¸ي ﴍع ٔIﺳ7ﺒﺎﺑﻪ ..