Name – Bharatha Ram

Roll Number - 160020069

MINI PROJECT REPORT

PROCESS ECONOMICS
BHARATHA RAM (160020069)
DUE: 01-Nov-19
Details of the Preliminary Design are:
Feed flow rate = 1000 kmol/h
Preheater: Feed in at 30°C
Feed out at 165°C
Load = 11.06*106 kcal/h

Distillate flow rate = 398 kmol/h

Reflux rate = 202.5 kmol/h
Reflux temperature = 138°C
Condenser: Vapor temperature at inlet = 149.3°C
Temperature at outlet = 138°C
Load = 5.0678*106 kcal/h
Bottom product temperature = 201.1°C

Additional data:
MP steam saturation temperature = 175°C; Cost = ₹1.250/kg
Cooling water cost = ₹15/m = ₹ 0.015/kg
3

Electricity cost = ₹7.00/kWh

Overall heat transfer coefficient (U):
Water cooled trim condenser: X-3 U = 850 W/m2K
Steam heated preheater: X-1 U = 850 W/m2K
Product cooler: X-2 U = 625 W/m2K
Top distillate condenser: X-4 U = 850 W/m2K
Mean heat capacity of Feed = 82 kcal/kmol.K
CE Plant Index (at the end of year 2018) = 617.8

For Profit and venture profit calculations:

Economic life (𝑛) = 10 years
d = e = 0.1
Tax rate (t) = 25%
im = 0.15
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Part 1.
Calculation of heat transfer areas of heat exchangers X-1 and X-3
U T_cold_in T_cold_out T_Hot_in T_Hot_out
Q (kcal/h) (W/m2K) (°C) (°C) (°C) (°C)
X-1 1.11E+07 850 30 165 175 175
X-3 5.07E+06 850 30 40 149.3 138

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑖𝑛

∆𝑇2 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑜𝑢𝑡
(∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2 )
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
ln(∆𝑇1/∆𝑇2)

∆𝑇1 (°C) ∆𝑇2 (°C) LMTD (°C)

X-1 145 10 50.48
X-3 108 109.3 108.65

1𝑊 = 0.86𝐾𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄 (𝑊) ) 𝑄(
𝐴 = = ℎ
𝑊 𝑊
𝑈 (𝑚2𝐾 ) ∗ 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷(𝐾) 0.86 ∗ 𝑈 (𝑚2𝐾 ) ∗ 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷(𝐾)

A (m2)
X-1 299.70
X-3 63.81

Estimated purchased cost (in $) from these area (in m2) using the graphs (for Jan 2002) in next
page.
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 ($) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($)
Cost Index (Jan 2002) = 390.4
Cost Index (2018) = 617.8
1$ = 71.08 ₹
₹
Cost Index (2018) ∗ 71.08 $
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 (₹) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($) ∗
Cost Index (Jan 2002)
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Calculated area and costs for original design:

Purchased cost Total Installed Cost Total Installed Cost Total Installed Cost
2
A (m ) (𝑖𝑛 $) Jan.2002 (𝑖𝑛 $) Jan.2002 (𝑖𝑛 $) 2018 (𝑖𝑛 ₹) 2018
X-1 299.70 11500 34500 54595.54 3880651
X-3 63.81 8900 26700 42252.2 3003287

Calculating Utility consumption:

For X-1, Utility is MP steam
Latent heat of condensation (λ) = 2032 kJ/kg = 2032/4.18 kcal/kg
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑔
𝑄 ( ) = 𝑚_𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ( ) ∗ λ(𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑔)
ℎ𝑟 ℎ
₹ 𝑘𝑔 ₹ 24 ∗ 365 ℎ
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ( ) = 𝑚_𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ( ) ∗ 1.25 ( ) ∗
𝑦𝑟 ℎ 𝑘𝑔 𝑦𝑟

For X-3, Utility is cold water

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
Specific heat capacity: 𝐶𝑝 (𝑘𝑔∗𝐾) = 1

∆𝑇 = 10 𝐾
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄 (𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ𝑟) = 𝑚_𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑘𝑔/ℎ) ∗ 𝐶𝑝( ) ∗ ∆𝑇(𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
₹ 𝑘𝑔 ₹ 24 ∗ 365 ℎ
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ( ) = 𝑚_𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ( ) ∗ 0.015 ( ) ∗
𝑦𝑟 ℎ 𝑘𝑔 𝑦𝑟

Q kcal/h Utility flow (kg/h) Utility cost (₹/h) Utility cost (₹/yr)
X-1 11060000 22751.38 28439.22 249127588.58
X-3 5067800 506780.00 7601.70 66590892.00
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Part 2.
Calculating Total Installed costs and Utility costs of heat exchangers:
Design No. T1 (°C) T2 (°C)
1 (Base case) 30 30
2 60 30
3 60 60
4 80 60
5 100 60
6 120 60
7 140 60
8 80 80
9 100 80
10 120 80
11 140 80

For X-1 (all cases):

TC: Temperature of cold stream TH: Temperature of hot stream

Feed flow (m) = 1000 kmol/h Cp = 82 kcal/kmol.K

U = 850 W/m2K = 850/0.86 kcal/h.m2.K = 988.37 kcal/h.m2.K

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄(𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ) = 𝑚( ) ∗ 𝐶𝑝( ) ∗ (𝑇𝐶𝑂𝑈𝑇 (𝐾) − 𝑇𝐶𝐼𝑁 (𝐾))
ℎ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝐾
Case TC_in TC_out TH_in TH_out ∆T1 ∆T2 LMTD Q kcal/h A (m2)
1 30 165 175 175 145 10 50.48336 11070000 299.9729
2 60 165 175 175 115 10 42.99143 8610000 273.9705
3 60 165 175 175 115 10 42.99143 8610000 273.9705
4 80 165 175 175 95 10 37.7561 6970000 252.5389
5 100 165 175 175 75 10 32.25962 5330000 226.022
6 120 165 175 175 55 10 26.39686 3690000 191.2303
7 140 165 175 175 35 10 19.95589 2050000 140.5288
8 80 165 175 175 95 10 37.7561 6970000 252.5389
9 100 165 175 175 75 10 32.25962 5330000 226.022
10 120 165 175 175 55 10 26.39686 3690000 191.2303
11 140 165 175 175 35 10 19.95589 2050000 140.5288

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑖𝑛

∆𝑇2 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑜𝑢𝑡
(∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2 )
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
ln(∆𝑇1/∆𝑇2)
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069
𝑄
𝐴 =
𝑈 ∗ 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 ($) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($)

Cost Index (Jan 2002) = 390.4
Cost Index (2018) = 617.8
1$ = 71.08 ₹
₹
Cost Index (2018) ∗ 71.08 $
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 (₹) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($) ∗
Cost Index (Jan 2002)

Purchased Total Installed Total Installed

Case cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Total Installed Cost (𝑖𝑛 ₹)
For X-1 A (m2) Jan.2002 Jan.2002 Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) 2018 2018
1 299.9729 11500 34500 54595.54 3880651
2 273.9705 11200 33600 53171.31 3779417
3 273.9705 11200 33600 53171.31 3779417
4 252.5389 11000 33000 52221.82 3711927
5 226.022 10900 32700 51747.08 3678182
6 191.2303 10700 32100 50797.59 3610693
7 140.5288 10400 31200 49373.36 3509458
8 252.5389 11000 33000 52221.82 3711927
9 226.022 10900 32700 51747.08 3678182
10 191.2303 10700 32100 50797.59 3610693
11 140.5288 10400 31200 49373.36 3509458

For X-1, Utility is MP steam

Latent heat of condensation (λ) = 2032 kJ/kg = 2032/4.18 kcal/kg
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑘𝑔
𝑄 ( ) = 𝑚_𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ( ) ∗ λ(𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/𝑘𝑔)
ℎ𝑟 ℎ
₹ 𝑘𝑔 ₹ 24 ∗ 365 ℎ
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ( ) = 𝑚_𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚 ( ) ∗ 1.25 ( ) ∗
𝑦𝑟 ℎ 𝑘𝑔 𝑦𝑟
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Case
For X-1 Q kcal/h Utility flow (kg/h) Utility cost (₹/h) Utility cost (₹/yr)
1 11070000 22771.95 28464.94 249352839.6
2 8610000 17711.52 22139.39 193941097.4
3 8610000 17711.52 22139.39 193941097.4
4 6970000 14337.89 17922.37 156999936
5 5330000 10964.27 13705.34 120058774.6
6 3690000 7590.65 9488.312 83117613.19
7 2050000 4217.028 5271.284 46176451.77
8 6970000 14337.89 17922.37 156999936
9 5330000 10964.27 13705.34 120058774.6
10 3690000 7590.65 9488.312 83117613.19
11 2050000 4217.028 5271.284 46176451.77

For X-2 (all cases):

TC: Temperature of cold stream TH: Temperature of hot stream

Feed flow (m1) = 1000 kmol/h Cp of feed (Cp1) = 82 kcal/kmol.K

Bottom product flow (m2) = 1000-398 = 602 kmol/h Cp of product (Cp2) ≈ 82 kcal/kmol.K

U ( X-2) = 625 W/m2K = 625/0.86 kcal/h.m2.K = 726.74 kcal/h.m2.K

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄(𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ) = 𝑚( ) ∗ 𝐶𝑝( ) ∗ (𝑇𝐶𝑂𝑈𝑇 (𝐾) − 𝑇𝐶𝐼𝑁 (𝐾))
ℎ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝐾

Case TC_in TC_out TH_in TH_out ∆T1 ∆T2 LMTD Q kcal/h A (m2)
1 30 30 201.1 201.1 171.1 171.1 0 0 0
2 30 60 201.1 151.2661 121.2661 141.1 130.9328 2460000 34.95491
3 60 60 201.1 201.1 141.1 141.1 0 0 0
4 60 80 201.1 167.8774 107.8774 121.1 114.3613 1640000 26.68002
5 60 100 201.1 134.6548 74.65482 101.1 87.21017 3280000 69.97264
6 60 120 201.1 101.4322 41.43223 81.1 59.06247 4920000 154.9798
7 60 140 201.1 68.20963 8.209635 61.1 26.35028 6560000 463.1698
8 80 80 201.1 201.1 121.1 121.1 0 0 0
9 80 100 201.1 167.8774 87.87741 101.1 94.33431 1640000 32.34415
10 80 120 201.1 134.6548 54.65482 81.1 67.00995 3280000 91.06596
11 80 140 201.1 101.4322 21.43223 61.1 37.8648 4920000 241.7414

Calculating TH_out
𝑚1 ∗ 𝐶𝑝1 ∗ (𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝐶𝑖𝑛 ) = 𝑚2 ∗ 𝐶𝑝2 ∗ (𝑇𝐻𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑡 )
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

(𝑇𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇𝐶𝑖𝑛 )
𝑇𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑇𝐻𝑖𝑛 − 𝑚1 ∗ 𝐶𝑝1 ∗
(𝑚2 ∗ 𝐶𝑝2)
∆𝑇1 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑖𝑛
∆𝑇2 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑜𝑢𝑡
(∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2 )
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
ln(∆𝑇1/∆𝑇2)
𝑄
𝐴 =
𝑈 ∗ 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 ($) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($)

Cost Index (Jan 2002) = 390.4
Cost Index (2018) = 617.8
1$ = 71.08 ₹
₹
Cost Index (2018) ∗ 71.08 $
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 (₹) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($) ∗
Cost Index (Jan 2002)

Purchased Total Installed Total Installed

Case cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Total Installed Cost (𝑖𝑛 ₹)
For X-2 A (m2) Jan.2002 Jan.2002 Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) 2018 2018
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 34.95491 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
3 0 0 0 0 0
4 26.68002 5000 15000 23737.19 1687240
5 69.97264 9600 28800 45575.41 3239500
6 154.9798 10500 31500 49848.1 3543203
7 463.1698 12000 36000 56969.26 4049375
8 0 0 0 0 0
9 32.34415 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
10 91.06596 10300 30900 48898.62 3475714
11 241.7414 11000 33000 52221.82 3711927

No utility consumption in X-2.

 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

For X-4 (all cases):

TC: Temperature of cold stream TH: Temperature of hot stream

Feed flow (m) = 1000 kmol/h Cp = 82 kcal/kmol.K

U = 850 W/m2K = 850/0.86 kcal/h.m2.K = 988.37 kcal/h.m2.K

𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄(𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ) = 𝑚( ) ∗ 𝐶𝑝( ) ∗ (𝑇𝐶𝑂𝑈𝑇 (𝐾) − 𝑇𝐶𝐼𝑁 (𝐾))
ℎ 𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 ∗ 𝐾
TH_out depends on heat load of this heat exchanger.

TH_out can be determined using condensation curve given in problem statement.

Case TC_in TC_out TH_in TH_out ∆T1 ∆T2 LMTD Q kcal/h A (m2)
1 30 30 149.3 149.3 119.3 119.3 0 0 0
2 30 30 149.3 149.3 119.3 119.3 0 0 0
3 30 60 149.3 142.92 112.92 89.3 100.6485 2460000 33.4357
4 30 60 149.3 142.92 112.92 89.3 100.6485 2460000 33.4357
5 30 60 149.3 142.92 112.92 89.3 100.6485 2460000 33.4357
6 30 60 149.3 142.92 112.92 89.3 100.6485 2460000 33.4357
7 30 60 149.3 142.92 112.92 89.3 100.6485 2460000 33.4357
8 30 80 149.3 139.65 109.65 69.3 87.93751 4100000 63.78115
9 30 80 149.3 139.65 109.65 69.3 87.93751 4100000 63.78115
10 30 80 149.3 139.65 109.65 69.3 87.93751 4100000 63.78115
11 30 80 149.3 139.65 109.65 69.3 87.93751 4100000 63.78115

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑖𝑛

∆𝑇2 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑜𝑢𝑡
(∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2 )
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
ln(∆𝑇1/∆𝑇2)
𝑄
𝐴 =
𝑈 ∗ 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 ($) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($)

Cost Index (Jan 2002) = 390.4
Cost Index (2018) = 617.8
1$ = 71.08 ₹
₹
Cost Index (2018) ∗ 71.08 $
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 (₹) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($) ∗
Cost Index (Jan 2002)
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Purchased Total Installed Total Installed

Case cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Total Installed Cost (𝑖𝑛 ₹)
For X-4 A (m2) Jan.2002 Jan.2002 Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) 2018 2018
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
3 33.4357 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
4 33.4357 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
5 33.4357 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
6 33.4357 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
7 33.4357 6500 19500 30858.35 2193412
8 63.78115 9500 28500 45100.67 3205755
9 63.78115 9500 28500 45100.67 3205755
10 63.78115 9500 28500 45100.67 3205755
11 63.78115 9500 28500 45100.67 3205755

No utility consumption in X-4.

For X-3 (all cases):

TC: Temperature of cold stream TH: Temperature of hot stream

Feed flow (m) = 1000 kmol/h Cp = 82 kcal/kmol.K

U = 850 W/m2K = 850/0.86 kcal/h.m2.K = 988.37 kcal/h.m2.K

Calculating temperature TH_in

TH_in of X-3 = TH_out of X-4

Heat duty of X-3 = Heat duty of condenser in the original design – Heat duty of X-4

Case TC_in TC_out TH_in TH_out ∆T1 ∆T2 LMTD Q kcal/h A (m2)
1 30 40 149.3 138 108 109.3 108.6487 5067800 63.80835
2 30 40 149.3 138 108 109.3 108.6487 5067800 63.80835
3 30 40 142.92 138 108 102.92 105.4396 2607800 33.83398
4 30 40 142.92 138 108 102.92 105.4396 2607800 33.83398
5 30 40 142.92 138 108 102.92 105.4396 2607800 33.83398
6 30 40 142.92 138 108 102.92 105.4396 2607800 33.83398
7 30 40 142.92 138 108 102.92 105.4396 2607800 33.83398
8 30 40 139.65 138 108 99.65 103.769 967800 12.75853
9 30 40 139.65 138 108 99.65 103.769 967800 12.75853
10 30 40 139.65 138 108 99.65 103.769 967800 12.75853
11 30 40 139.65 138 108 99.65 103.769 967800 12.75853

∆𝑇1 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑜𝑢𝑡 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑖𝑛

∆𝑇2 = 𝑇_𝐻𝑜𝑡_𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇_𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑑_𝑜𝑢𝑡
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069
(∆𝑇1 − ∆𝑇2 )
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷 =
ln(∆𝑇1/∆𝑇2)
𝑄
𝐴 =
𝑈 ∗ 𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 ($) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($)

Cost Index (Jan 2002) = 390.4
Cost Index (2018) = 617.8
1$ = 71.08 ₹
₹
Cost Index (2018) ∗ 71.08 $
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 (₹) = 3 ∗ 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡($) ∗
Cost Index (Jan 2002)

Purchased Total Installed Total Installed

Case cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) Total Installed Cost (𝑖𝑛 ₹)
For X-3 A (m2) Jan.2002 Jan.2002 Cost (𝑖𝑛 $) 2018 2018
1 63.80835 8900 26700 42252.2 3003287
2 63.80835 8900 26700 42252.2 3003287
3 33.83398 6000 18000 28484.63 2024688
4 33.83398 6000 18000 28484.63 2024688
5 33.83398 6000 18000 28484.63 2024688
6 33.83398 6000 18000 28484.63 2024688
7 33.83398 6000 18000 28484.63 2024688
8 12.75853 3700 11100 17565.52 1248557
9 12.75853 3700 11100 17565.52 1248557
10 12.75853 3700 11100 17565.52 1248557
11 12.75853 3700 11100 17565.52 1248557

For X-3, Utility is cold water

𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
Specific heat capacity: 𝐶𝑝 (𝑘𝑔∗𝐾) = 1

∆𝑇 = 10 𝐾
𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙
𝑄 (𝑘𝑐𝑎𝑙/ℎ𝑟) = 𝑚_𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 (𝑘𝑔/ℎ) ∗ 𝐶𝑝( ) ∗ ∆𝑇(𝐾)
𝑘𝑔 ∗ 𝐾
₹ 𝑘𝑔 ₹ 24 ∗ 365 ℎ
𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ( ) = 𝑚_𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 ( ) ∗ 0.015 ( ) ∗
𝑦𝑟 ℎ 𝑘𝑔 𝑦𝑟
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Case
For X-3 Q kcal/h Utility flow (kg/h) Utility cost (₹/h) Utility cost (₹/yr)
1 5067800 506780 7601.7 66590892
2 5067800 506780 7601.7 66590892
3 2607800 260780 3911.7 34266492
4 2607800 260780 3911.7 34266492
5 2607800 260780 3911.7 34266492
6 2607800 260780 3911.7 34266492
7 2607800 260780 3911.7 34266492
8 967800 96780 1451.7 12716892
9 967800 96780 1451.7 12716892
10 967800 96780 1451.7 12716892
11 967800 96780 1451.7 12716892
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Total Installed Cost of all exchangers in all cases: 𝐼 𝑖 is total installed cost of exchanger 𝑖 in ₹.

Cases 𝐼1 𝐼2 𝐼3 𝐼4 ∑𝐼𝑖
1 3880651 0 3003287 0 6883938
2 3779417 2193412 3003287 0 8976116
3 3779417 0 2024688 2193412 7997517
4 3711927 1687240 2024688 2193412 9617267
5 3678182 3239500 2024688 2193412 11135782
6 3610693 3543203 2024688 2193412 11371996
7 3509458 4049375 2024688 2193412 11776933
8 3711927 0 1248557 3205755 8166239
9 3678182 2193412 1248557 3205755 10325906
10 3610693 3475714 1248557 3205755 11540719
11 3509458 3711927 1248557 3205755 11675697

Total Utility cost in all exchangers in all cases: 𝑈𝑖 is Utility cost of exchanger 𝑖 in ₹/yr.

Cases 𝑈1
1 249352839.6
2 193941097.4
3 193941097.4
4 156999936
5 120058774.6
6 83117613.19
7 46176451.77
8 156999936
9 120058774.6
10 83117613.19
11 46176451.77
𝑈2 𝑈3
0 66590892
0 66590892
0 34266492
0 34266492
0 34266492
0 34266492
0 34266492
0 12716892
0 12716892
0 12716892
0 12716892
𝑈4 ∑𝑈𝑖
0 315943731.6
0 260531989.4
0 228207589.4
0 191266428
0 154325266.6
0 117384105.2
0 80442943.77
0 169716828
0 132775666.6
0 95834505.19
0 58893343.77

Relative Utility and Relative Investment: 𝛿𝑃 = 𝛿𝑈 + 𝑒 ∗ 𝛿𝐼 − 𝑑 ∗ 𝛿𝐼 ∗ 𝑡

e = d = 0.1 t=0.25 im = 0.15

Cases 𝐼 𝑈 𝛿𝐼 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼𝑖 𝛿𝑈 = 𝑈1 − 𝑈𝑖
1 6883938 315943731.6 0 0
2 8976116 260531989.4 -2092178 55411742.2
3 7997517 228207589.4 -1113579 87736142.2
4 9617267 191266428 -2733329 124677303.6
5 11135782 154325266.6 -4251844 161618465
6 11371996 117384105.2 -4488058 198559626.4
7 11776933 80442943.77 -4892995 235500787.8
8 8166239 169716828 -1282301 146226903.6
9 10325906 132775666.6 -3441968 183168065
10 11540719 95834505.19 -4656781 220109226.4
11 11675697 58893343.77 -4791759 257050387.8
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Relative Profit and Relative Venture Profit:

𝛿𝑃 = 𝛿𝑈 + 𝑒 ∗ 𝛿𝐼 − 𝑑 ∗ 𝛿𝐼 ∗ 𝑡
e = d = 0.1 t = 0.25

𝛿𝑉 = 𝛿𝑃 − 𝑖𝑚 ∗ 𝛿𝐼

Cases 𝛿𝐼 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼𝑖 𝛿𝑈 = 𝑈1 − 𝑈𝑖 𝛿𝑃 𝛿𝑉
1 0 0 0 0
2 -2092178 55411742.2 55254828.85 55568655.55
3 -1113579 87736142.2 87652623.78 87819660.63
4 -2733329 124677303.6 124472303.9 124882303.3
5 -4251844 161618465 161299576.7 161937353.3
6 -4488058 198559626.4 198223022.1 198896230.8
7 -4892995 235500787.8 235133813.2 235867762.5
8 -1282301 146226903.6 146130731 146323076.2
9 -3441968 183168065 182909917.4 183426212.6
10 -4656781 220109226.4 219759967.8 220458485
11 -4791759 257050387.8 256691005.9 257409769.8
 Name – Bharatha Ram
Roll Number - 160020069

Revised proposal is economically viable.

The last case is having the maximum relative venture profit of 257409769.8 ₹/yr.

Hence, Design No. 11 should be used.

i.e. T1 = 140°C and T2 = 80°C