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Clarification & Filtration
Clarification & Filtration
Filtration very be defined as the “Separation of Solid from a fluid by means of a porous medium
that retains the solids but allows the fluid to/pass.
M/A of Filtration =
1. Straining like Sieving = pores are smaller than the particles so that particles are retained on the
filler medium.
2. Impingement = Streamlined strike the cylinder- triangular ridge
3. Entanglement = particles are smaller than the pores
- Particle became intangled
4. Attractive forces:- potential difference are used
- Particles may collect on a filter medium as a result of attractive forces.
Pre size
1. 0.2 𝜇 → All Bacteria
2. 0.45 𝜇 → All coliform gr of Bact.
3. 0.8 𝜇 → All air borne particles
4. 1.2 𝜇 → Non living particles which are dangerous is in fluids
5. 5 𝜇 → All cells from body fluids
6. 0.010 to 0.10 → Can remove virus from water & air
- Used for sterilization of both Aq & Non Aq preparation Liquids
- Disposable, No cross contamination → but cost ↑
- Can not be used for filtration of – organic solvents (alcohols, Keton as, esters, CHCl3)
- Adsorption → negligible
5. Filter Candles:
- Made of porcelain or kieselguhr
- Filter candle – Blocked with continuous cleaned by scratching the external surface or passing
water through in the reverse direction.
- Used for sterilization of solutions
Disadvantages:-
- Tendency to adsorb liquid
6. Sintered filters:- Made of Borosilicate glass
- Sinely powdered of desired size peaked into a disc & heated at a temp at which adhesion take
place between Particles → Fused to a funnel of suitable shape & size
- Humbered according to
- Reduce pressure
- Mechanical streyfs
7. Rotary filter = Leaf & filter press can handle dilute
Batch process
- Handle – Conc. Slurry
- Continuous process – (has system for removing the cake that is formed so suitable for
concentration slurry.)
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