Exam 3

Nicholas Elmer A01968377

December 8, 2017

1 Loop of conservative fields1

To say a function is conservative means it has to be path independent on Region D. If it
is path independent on Region D that means that no matter the path it takes to go from
point A to B and back that the integral of that path would end up being zero.
There are many conditions to be able to fit in as conservative. It has to be the gradient
field of a scalar function or F = ∇f The curves have to be piecewise smooth and if they
are differentiable at all points then they are piecewise smooth.
It also has to be connected, meaning that all points can be connected by one smooth line.
It means there are no outlying pieces to the function. And they need to be simply con-
nected, meaning that if a loop was drawn in the region it could shrink without leaving the
region, or to put it more simply that there are no holes in the region.
If all of that is true than the two sides of a loop connecting two points must be equal. This
can
H be seen Hin the equation below. H H
C F · dr− C F · dr = ointC F · dr+ −C F · dr = C F · dr = 0
1 2 1 2

This is to show that for any points found on the Region D the integral of F · dr has the
same values to go in a loop from C 1 to C 2 . If you reverse the direction of C 2 it doesn’t
matter as it would now be required to add in this equation.
For the function F = M (x, y, z)i + N (x, y, z)j + P (x, y, z)k. When F is simply connected,
it is known that it is convervative when the following formula proves true.
∂P ∂N ∂M ∂P ∂N ∂M
∂y = ∂z , ∂z = ∂x , ∂x = ∂y

2 Green’s Theorem2
Verifty greens theorem for
F (x, y) =< x − y, x > bounded by C : r(t) = (cos(t), sin(t))0 ≤ t ≤ 2π

1
 M = cos(t) − sin(t), N = cos(t), dx = −sin(t)dt, dy = cos(t)dt
∂M
∂x = 1, ∂M ∂N ∂N
∂y = 1, ∂x = 1, ∂y = 0

R R ∂N
( ∂x − ∂M
H H
For Curl : F · T ds = M dx + N dy = ∂y )dxdy
H C C
R 2π R
Normally: M dx + N dy = 0 (−sin(t)cos(t) + 1)dt = 2π
C R R ∂N
Using Green Theorem: ( ∂x − ∂M
∂y )dxdy = 2(area inside unit circle) = 2π
R
R R ∂M
( ∂x + ∂N
H H
For Flux: F · n ds = M dy − N dx = ∂y )dxdy
C C
R 2π R
M dy − N dx = 0 cos2 (t)dt) = π
H
Normally:
C R R ∂M
Green’s Theorem: ( ∂x + ∂N
∂y )dxdy = 1(area inside unit circle) = π
R

As we see at the beginning of each of the equations for Curl and Flux they are very
similar. Truly the only difference is the T and the n. When we remember that n = T x
k it helps up to remember the relationship that these two equations have with each other.
T is the direction that the object is being pushed at any given point. T is the curve units
tangent. When crossed with the k vector, the vector pointing in the direction of the z
axis. We receive a new vector. This vector is n and as a result of these two cross products
n point directly outwards. If the motion is counter-clockwise. If the motion is clockwise,
than n = k x T to get a vector that points outwards.

3 Parameterization, implicit, and explicit3

The three ways toRcalculate
R a surface integral are defined as follows:
Parameterization: G(f (u, v), g(u, v), h(u, v)|ru xrv |dudv
R
RR |∆F |
Implicit: G(x, y, z) |∆F ·p| dA
RRR p
Explicit: G(x, y, f (x, y) f x 2 + f y 2 + 1dxdy
R

To decide which way we are to calculate the surface integral we have to look at the surface
which we are integrating over. This is referred to as S. If S very easy to parametrize, then
by all means parametrize. If S is given as a function like this F(x,y,z) = C then implicit
is the way to go. When the Surface is given as a function equal to z like z = f(x, y) then
explicit would be your best bet to get the right answer.

2
 Explicit

Find the area of a surface integral. From the surface cut from the bottom of the
paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 by the p plane z = 3
f x (x, y) = 2x.f y (x, y) = 2y ⇒ f x 2 + f y 2 √+ 1
RR p R 2π R 3 √ √
Area = 4x2 + 4y 2 + 1dxdy = 0 0 4r2 + 1rdrdθ = π6 (13 13 − 1)
R

Implicit
Find the area of the ellipse cut from the plane z = cx (c is a constant) by the cylinder
x2 + y 2 = 1 √ RR √
p = k, ∆f = ci − k ⇒ |∆f | = c2 + 12 and |∆f · p| = 1 ⇒ S = c2 + 1dxdy =
R 2π R 1 √ √ R
0 0 c2 + 1rdrdθ = π c2 + 1
Parameterization
Find the surface area of the of a circular cylinder band. The portion of the cylinder
x2 + y 2 = 1 between planes z = 1 and z = 4
Let x = cosθ and y = sinθ ⇒ r2 = x2 + y 2 = 1, 1 ≤ z ≤ 4, 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
r(z, θ) = cos(θ)i + sin(θ)j + zk

(rθ × rz )
 
i j k
−sin(θ) cos(θ) 0
0 0 1
p R 2π R 4 R 2π
|rθ × rz | = cos2 (θ) + sin2 (θ) = 1 A = 0 1 1drdθ = 0 3dθ = 6π
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1. Hass, Joel. University Calculus, Pearson, 2016, Page 844
2. Hass, Joel. University Calculus, Pearson, 2016, Page 851
3. Hass, Joel. University Calculus, Pearson, 2016, Page 864