Pages From Seismic Design Using Structural Dynamics Seminar-Prt02

S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.
ASCE 7-05 12.8 Equivalent Lateral

Force Procedure
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ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.8

Minimum Design Base Shear
• All Seismic Design Categories…

Vmin = 0.044 SDSIW ≥ 0.01W
(Eq. 12.8-5), as modified by
Supplement No. 2
• wherever S1 > 0.6g...
(Eq. 12.8-6)
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21
Minimum Seismic Base Shear

Section 12.8.1.1 with Supplement No. 2
0.044 SDSIW
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Mode Superposition Analysis of

Earthquake Response
or
or
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Mode Superposition Analysis of

Earthquake Response
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Example
• Given
hs = 3.0 m
w = 1718 kN/floor
E = 27.5 kN/mm2
Icol = 1.87 × 109 mm4

each column (0.7Ig )
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Determine Mass Matrix
m = w/g = 1718 kN / 9.81 m/sec2

= 175 kN-sec2/m
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Multi-Story Structures
F31 F32 F33

F21
F22 F23
F11
F12 F13
∆1 ∆2 ∆3
K11=F11/∆1 K22=F22/∆2 K33=F33/∆3
K21=F21/∆1 K12=F12/∆2 K23=F23/∆3
K31=F31/∆1 K32=F32/∆2 K13=F13/∆3
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Determine Stiffness Matrix

12EI/hs3 = 12 x 27.5 x 2 x 1.87 x 109 / (3.0x1000)3 = 45,700 kN/m
K33= 45,700 K32= - 45,700 K31= 0
45,700
K23= - 45,700 K22= 91,400 K21= - 45,700
45,700
K13= 0 K12= - 45,700 K11= 91,400
45,700
kij = force corresponding to

displacement of coordinate i
resulting from a unit
displacement of coordinate j
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Equations of Motion
Multi-degree-of-freedom system
- mass concentrated at floor
levels which are subject to lateral
displacements only
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Equations of Motion
• Undamped Free Vibration
[C] = [0], {p(t)} = {0}
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Equations of Motion
Motion of a System in free vibration is

simple harmonic
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Equations of Motion
53
Stiffness and Mass Matrices
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Find Determinant for Matrix

[k] - ω2[m]
Setting the determinant

of the above matrix
equal to zero yields the The period is equal
following frequencies: π/ω
to 2π ω:
ω1 = 7.036 radians/sec. T1 = 0.893 sec.

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Find Modal Shapes

First Mode:
φ31 = 1.0, φ21 = 0.802, φ11 = 0.445
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Find Modal Shapes

Second Mode:
φ32 = 1.0, φ22 = -0.55, φ12 = -1.22
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Find Modal Shapes
Third Mode:
Φ33
φ33 = 1.0, φ23 = -2.25, φ13 = 1.802

Φ13
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ASCE 7-05 Sec. 11.4.5

General Procedure Design Spectrum
A five percent damped elastic

design response spectrum
constructed in accordance with
Figure 11.4-1, using the values of
SDS and SD1 consistent with the
specific site.
59
ASCE Sec. 21.2

Site-Specific Design Response
Spectrum
The ground motion hazard analysis shall
account for the regional tectonic setting,
geology, and seismicity, the expected
recurrence rates and maximum magnitudes of
earthquakes on known faults and source
zones, the characteristics of ground motion
attenuation, near source effects, if any, on
ground motions, and the effects of
subsurface site conditions on ground
motions.
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ASCE Sec. 21.2

Site-Specific Design Response
Spectrum
The characteristics of subsurface site

conditions shall be considered either using
attenuation relations that represent regional
and local geology or in accordance with
Section 21.1.
61
ASCE 7-05 Sec. 21.4

Where the site-specific procedure is used to
determine the design ground motion,
the parameter SDS shall be taken as the

spectral acceleration, Sa, obtained from the
site-specific spectra at a period of 0.2 sec,
except that it shall not be taken less than 90

percent of the peak spectral acceleration, Sa,
at any period larger than 0.2 sec.
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ASCE 7-05 Sec. 21.4

The parameter SD1 shall be taken as the greater
of the spectral acceleration, Sa, at a period of 1
sec or two times the spectral acceleration, Sa,
at a period of 2 sec.
The parameters SMS and SM1 shall be taken as 1.5

times SDS and SD1, respectively.
The values so obtained shall not be less than

80 percent of the values determined by the
general procedure.
63
ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

Mathematical Model
1. A mathematical model of the building shall
be constructed that represents the spatial
distribution of mass and stiffness
throughout the structure. For regular
structures with independent orthogonal
seismic-force-resisting systems,
independent two-dimensional models may
be constructed to represent each system.
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ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

Mathematical Model
2. For structures having plan irregularities
Types 1a, 1b, 4 or 5 of Table 12.3-1 or
structures without independent orthogonal
systems, a three-dimensional model
incorporating a minimum of three dynamic
degrees of freedom consisting of translation
in two orthogonal plan directions and
torsional rotation about the vertical axis at
each level of the structure shall be used.
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ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

Mathematical Model
3. Where the diaphragms are not rigid
compared to the vertical elements of the
seismic force-resisting system, the model
shall include representation of the
diaphragm’s flexibility and such additional
dynamic degrees of freedom as are required
to account for the participation of the
diaphragm in the structure’s dynamic
response.
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ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

Mathematical Model
4. In addition, the model shall comply with the

following:
a. Stiffness properties of concrete and masonry

elements shall include the effects of cracked
sections.
b. For steel moment frame systems, the

contribution of panel zone deformations to
overall story drift shall be included.
67
Modal Response Spectrum Analysis

An elastic dynamic analysis of structure
utilizing the peak dynamic response of all
modes having a significant contribution to
total structural response. Peak modal
responses are calculated using the ordinates
of the appropriate response spectrum curve
which correspond to the modal periods.
Maximum modal contributions are combined
in a statistical manner to obtain an
approximate total structural response.
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Sec. 12.9.4 ASCE 7-05 Design Values

(2009 IBC)
• Vdyn < 0.85 Vstatic (based on T ≤ CuTa)

Must scale up to 0.85Vstatic
(based on T ≤ CuTa)
Cu is determined from ASCE Table 12.8-1
Ta is determined from ASCE 12.8.2.1
• No scale down, except by R/I-factor
69
Response Spectrum Analysis
Step 1 – Develop mathematical model of

structure... to represent proper spatial
distribution of mass and stiffness of
structure (ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3)
Step 2 – Determine mode shapes {φφm} and

corresponding periods Tm of structure... by
eigenvalue analysis
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Step 3 – For each mode m, determine:

Earthquake participation factor:
Modal Mass:
where
wi = weight at floor level i
φim = displacement at floor level i for mode m
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Step 3 – For each mode m, determine (cont’d):
Effective Weight:
Participating Mass:
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36
Step 4 – Determine number of

modes to be considered... to
represent at least 90% of
participating mass of structure
(ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.9.1)
Σ PM = Σ (Wm/W) ≥ 0.90
73
Step 5 – Determine spectral acceleration

and seismic design coefficient for each
mode
(1) From Design Response Spectrum

(ASCE 7-05 Fig. 11.4-1), determine Sam
for Tm,
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(2) Determine modal seismic design

coefficient,
Csm = (Sam x I) / R
where I = Importance Factor from ASCE

7-05 Table 11.5-1 and R = Response
Modification Factor from Table 12.2-1
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Step 6 – Determine modal base

shears, Vm, and total dynamic
base shear, Vt
Vm = (Csm/g) x Wm
Vt = (V12 + V22 + ... + Vn2)1/2
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Step 7 – Determine design base shear from

Static Force Procedure (ASCE 7-05 Sec.
12.8) and compare with base shear from
dynamic analysis.
77
Step 8 – Scale dynamic analysis results

(ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.9.4)
Scale factor = 0.85(V / Vt) ≥ 1
V = the equivalent lateral force procedure base shear,

computed based on ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.9.4 and
Sec. 12.8
Vt = the base shear from the required modal
combination
78
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Step 8 (cont’d) – Scale dynamic analysis results

(ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.9.4)
Adjusted Vt = mean root square of adjusted Vm

values
Vt = (V12 + V22 + ... + Vn2)1/2
79
Step 9 – Distribute base shear for each

mode over height of structure
where Fim = lateral force at level i for mode m

Vm = base shear for mode m
80
40

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S. K. Ghosh Associates Inc.

ASCE 7-05 12.8 Equivalent Lateral

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.8

• All Seismic Design Categories…

Minimum Seismic Base Shear

Mode Superposition Analysis of

Mode Superposition Analysis of

Icol = 1.87 × 109 mm4

Determine Mass Matrix

m = w/g = 1718 kN / 9.81 m/sec2

F31 F32 F33

Determine Stiffness Matrix

K33= 45,700 K32= - 45,700 K31= 0

kij = force corresponding to

• Undamped Free Vibration

[C] = [0], {p(t)} = {0}

Motion of a System in free vibration is

Stiffness and Mass Matrices

Find Determinant for Matrix

Setting the determinant

ω1 = 7.036 radians/sec. T1 = 0.893 sec.

ω2 = 19.685 radians/sec. T2 = 0.319 sec.

Find Modal Shapes

φ31 = 1.0, φ21 = 0.802, φ11 = 0.445

Find Modal Shapes

φ32 = 1.0, φ22 = -0.55, φ12 = -1.22

Find Modal Shapes

φ33 = 1.0, φ23 = -2.25, φ13 = 1.802

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 11.4.5

A five percent damped elastic

ASCE Sec. 21.2

ASCE Sec. 21.2

The characteristics of subsurface site

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 21.4

the parameter SDS shall be taken as the

except that it shall not be taken less than 90

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 21.4

The parameters SMS and SM1 shall be taken as 1.5

The values so obtained shall not be less than

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

ASCE 7-05 Sec. 12.7.3

4. In addition, the model shall comply with the

a. Stiffness properties of concrete and masonry

b. For steel moment frame systems, the

Modal Response Spectrum Analysis

Sec. 12.9.4 ASCE 7-05 Design Values

• Vdyn < 0.85 Vstatic (based on T ≤ CuTa)

• No scale down, except by R/I-factor

Response Spectrum Analysis

Step 1 – Develop mathematical model of

Step 2 – Determine mode shapes {φφm} and

Response Spectrum Analysis

Step 3 – For each mode m, determine:

Response Spectrum Analysis

Step 3 – For each mode m, determine (cont’d):

Response Spectrum Analysis

Step 4 – Determine number of

Response Spectrum Analysis

Step 5 – Determine spectral acceleration

(1) From Design Response Spectrum

Response Spectrum Analysis