Final 102 Review PDF

12/9/2017 StudyBlue printing of Final
Final
H3ileyVaoc:her Fri Jul 25 t 1:42:06 POT 2014
A com¢-:-x individtu l tha.1 consis!S of organ systems is known as 3/an

organism
In a swamp, all of the alligators would repres.::ru: alan

population
The alligators .i a swamp are al members of ooe species and belong to a poputa.1ion.
The region in wtiich populations in:eract w"':h each o.:her and with the physical environmem is ~-:d
an ecosys1em.
Ari ecosys1em inck.ldes populatiofls of organisms interaoting with eacll other and dle physical environment
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg sta:emems mos1 correcdy defin es hom:os:tasis?

All iving organisms are al'ik-:.
liWlg organisms do not cllange much overti!'M'.
~man '"eings and o.:her animals acquire nu:erials and energy whan they ea:food.
I! takes energy to main:ain the organiza:ion of the osll.
Cetrs and otga..n.isl'l'k$ must be alto: to main:ain a fairly constant inH·r ~ enW'OOrM-nt
Cells and organisms mus1 be able to maintain a fafft constant in::ernal enri"onment.
Homeos1asis i.s the ability of living things 10 maintarl an internal enW'Of'lm:ru that operates under specific conditions.
Four milioo years ago. hors-n were ratha<.l' sm311 compared 10 1ocl3Ys horses and ha1 re~3!ively stocky bodies with a s1r3ighl sboo!der
a,, d 1hicJ: ~k:. This m,em::n.:z is an exam¢: of wtiich lliologica! coocept?
e-.,ok.rtion
Evokrlion is !he process by wtlich a species changes through time.
The face of a wnilower llsms to follow the svn as it ~ across the sky. This is an examp): of
response 10 stimuli.
Movement in respoose to sunight i.s an example of response to an external stimulus.
The proO:"Ss of cha,, ge lh3t produces th: dive:rsity oi fee on Ear;h is C311£<j
e-.,ok.rtion
flsb have sc.a!es th3t ena.OC-: them to ive in a wa:er 1:11virorunent This is a.n example oi
adaptation
Adaptation provides members of a popu1a.1ion with a IJe..ier chance for wMVal. FISh scales are an adaptation to their enWOflment
Traditions. beliefs. 3nd V311r.'S are consider£<j wha.1 a.specc of human life?
cultural
Cul!lJral a.ctwities of humans include traditions. ileliefs. and values.
Which organisms are mos: closely rerated to huma,, s?

meerkats
Al of these are animals. Only snakes. parakeE,ts. and meerkats are vertebrates. Only meerk.ats are mammals. therefore meerkats a.re
most closely related to humans.
T or F: Only humans h3ve a language lh3t allows us to oommunicate information and eJQ!erienO:"S symbolic.ally.
Troe
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____ observa:ions a.re s1rppo,,:ed Of factual inform!liion while _ _ _ observa:ions involve personal ju~ment.
Objeaivelsutjective
The t-:mative explan!l!ion ;o be test: d is ca!led

a hypothesis.
Which of !he following sta:emen:s would be oonsidered anecdo13I da:a?
1 los: 21 lbs on the AU:ins diet.·

The average weight loss for participants .-i lhe Atloos d'.e,; Vl :tS i 5 pounds in 8 weeks.
Participams who stay ed on the South Be-ach Diet for a total of 12 V.' $:J:S loSl! an average of 22 pou-nds .
..I lost 21 l)s on the Atkins diet.~
Anecdo1al da~a tends 10 consist of testi"oonials from an S'ldividual rather than results from a oontrolled study. All of the other
statements are rewlts from cootrolled studies.
Which of 1he fo!IO\Wlg sta:emems is a hypothesis?
I like my biology class bett-:r than rrry o::her ob.ss-n.

Ginny gamed 5 lt,s h er freshman yu r.
If a sr.uden: buys a me.al pi.an he/she wil e-at more vegetables.
There are more calories in french fries than in colas.
tf a Sludent buys a meal plan hefshe Y"II eat more vegetables.
tf,'then statements are often hypotheses. The other statements do not propose somethS'lg that can be tested.
T Of F: If ;he control groap in a., e,q;erirn=-.n: shows the same rn ults as me tn t group, the ;reatment was sucCnsful.
False
tf the control and test group show the same rewt s. the treatment has no effect and the experinent is W\valid.
T Of F: An important part of scienli:fic ri:'Search is repu ;.;ibility.

True
Anoeher scientist should be able to repeat the e:q,erinent Sl a different location and gei the same. or very si'nilar. results.
In a graph. !he experimental variable is ploited on the

X axis.
The experimental variable is plotted on the x or horizontal axis.
Aiter studying biology, it is hoped th.a: you

Y"lill be be-tter able to nuJ:e wise decisions regarding yoor own well being and the Earth's.
The dev~lopment of ri:'Sis;.;ine: of M.~SA bao.eria to antibi otics is an exampS: of

evok.rlion
Resis1anoe in MRSA is an example of adaptation and evolution.
Which of !he following sta:emen:s is .;in objeotive observation?

This m attrns f~ hard to me.
This milk 1as:es funny.
This package is btger than !hat one.
I like this pi01ure.
This pack.age is larger than that: ooe.
Which of 1he following is no.: a. b3sic th:oty of t<otogy?
Theo,y oi eoosyst:ms
Cell theory
Gene the«y
Theo,y oi evo!u1ion
Theo,y oi gravity
Theoty of gravity
The t:he«y o( gravity is not a biological theoty. The law of gra~ is found in physics.
The cause of stomach u1cers appe-ars 10 be

the ba~erium Helicobader p'jlori.
The ba~erium Helicobader p'jlori is a ma.jot cootributor 10 stomacll ulcers.
In an a:om. !he numb:r of protons a!W3)'S equals the number

of neutrons.
In an a1om. the number of protons always equals the number of electrofls.
l~opes of a., element dif,er due ;o ;he nt1mber oi

ne,,trons
A combination oi i:woor more atoms of !he same type is ~ -:d

a moleoole.
°'
T F: ',\'at-:r rra':es up 60-70% oftotal bocty weight
False
Vib~er i.s the most abundant molecde in iviog organisms.
Which of !he following charao:erisr.ics of wa:er is mosr: respoMible for th: sin};ing oi the Titanic?
Frozen water is less dense than liquid water.
5.-ice frozen vlater is less dense than liquid wa:er. ice, including icebergs. will flo.a; in liquid water.
°'
T F: Asolutioo Yi.':n a pH oi 7 has 10 times as ma,, y H + as a pH of 5.
True
A pH of7 acaially has 10 times fewer H + as a pH of 6.
Which of !he following is no.: o.,e of the four classes of organic molewles foo.nd in cells?
vi.: amins
nuct.ac acids
lipids
c.arbohydra:es
proteins
vitamins
T Of F: A hydrolysis reaction invol\res ;he bss of wa:er.

False
A hydrolysis reaccion invotves the addkion of water.
Starch. e:lufose. and glyc:ogen are alike in tha;

they are a!I made of gluoose.
T Of F: Fa.1s are usu31ty of anin:11origin while oils are usually of pl:1n1 or~:in.
True
Fats. such as lard and butter. are of animal origin. wflileois. such as com oil and soybean oil. are of plant origin.
The monomer unit of a pro;ein is

amino acids.
Ari 3lpha helix or a be;a sheet are examples of Mla: level of prot-:in sr.rucr.u-ri:?
secondary
The sec:ondary structu-re of a p,«ein can be an alpha heix or a beta sheet
List !he propaties of wat~r.

water has a high heat of evaporation. water has a high hea1 capacity. what is a solvent. water molecules are oollesive aod' adhesive.
and frozen wa~er i.s less dense than iquid water.
The gel-lik-: &lid wbs;ane: \\t~hin a mitochondrion is ca".'.-:d the

malrix
The first day of foo::b31 praotice was rough oo the squad. During praci:ice !he ¢ayers compbjn;ed of etampsa.nd sore muscles. The
reason for their compbims was that there was a build up in their muso'.n .
lactate
The reason for aamps and sore musdes oomplaints vBS that there was a lactate btJild up in their muscles due to anaerobic exercise.
T Of F: Fermenta:ion produe:s more ATP than does aerobic re:pi,arion.

False
Fermentation ooly produces 2 ATP while aerobic respiratiofl produces 32 ATP.
The size of a me.:3bofizing cell is irnited by i!s

surface area·t~olume ratio.
The surface area of a cell re.fleets the ability to exchange materials and th: volume re!lects the cell's metaboic needs. As the volume
.-icrel.Ses in cells. the surface area decreases.
Which of !he following structures are pri:'Sent in bo.:h eu!<aryotn a,,d probryo;es?
plasma membrane
T Of F: The cytoplasm is no1 considered a e:Mar orgaM".'i:.

True
Ari organelle is any well-cleooed StJbceluiar structure. so the cyioplasm i.s not an organelle. Hcw,ever. the cy1oplasm does comain
organelles.
Wha1is ;he funo:ion oi cho5":'Staol in th: plasma membtane?

suppon
Molecules of dlolesterol add StJPIJOft to the plasma membrane.
s ,ad p!aced a drop oi blood in some d:S:illed water. lt\t!at happened in the red blood cells?
The ce,11s burst
Cells placed .-i pure water would swel trntil they burst bee.a.use they woot:I be in a hypotonic solutiofl.
Sheree observed 3n arnoe-ba feeding by e:ng-uffing the p,-ey with i!s fa~ e ;"~: ot ps:-<.1dopods. This process is l:nown as
pllagocytosis
Pllagocytosis involves 1he enguffing of an obje(:t by a eel.
tf a e:nlacked ril!osomes. i! would n0,1 be ab&: to

synthesize proteins.
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg would be 3 w3Yof finishing !his hypo,1hesis aboot t~ function of !he Go4gi 3pp3ratus? If !he Gol'gi appara1us is
invotved in p3cl'.3ging produOis for secra-1ion. then
vesdes must travel from the Golgi to the oel wrface.
In on:ler 10 be secretory, vesicles must travel from !he ~ i to the cell surface. Although vesicles do travel from the RER and SER to
the Golgi apparatus. this does noc apply to sec:retion. on~ to intracellular transport The Golgi a,pp.aratus is pan of 1he endomembrane
system. does consist of l-20 sfighlly curved sacs. and does contain proteins. bu'l none of these apply 10 a secretoty funccion.
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg pro;ein fibers is ttSed for cellular movel'Ml!t and are extremely thin in siz-:.
actrl filaments
Actin filaments are used in movement of the cell and are very thin fibers. Intermediate filaments are not the thinnest fibers.
Microtubu1es are very large filaments. Centrosomes are the mictotubule otganizing center of !he cell. Ch are associated vlllh cellular
movement but are not thin filaments. They are composed of bundles of ricrotubules.
VVhich structure int~ hurru..n bocly will ttSe flagella to move?

sperm
Sperm oon1ain flagella th.al enable them to move. Human eggs do noc move on the. OWll. the,y are pushed along the female
reproduccive traCI by cilia in the tract The lining of the resP.-a1ory traCI aod' uterin.e tubes contain cilia that help move particles along.
The urinary system does not oontarl ftagella ot W .
Wt'rf ;ype of juno:ions mus1!here l!e berw* n oetr:s to form a barrier?

tight junctions
Tight junotions are necessary 10 contain ~ids within a specific area.
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 considered a b3sic tis.sue type?

epithelial
coonecti~
..,,cl<
nervous
fa:
fat
VVhal pro;ein provides fleXl"bity and s1tength to connecti"w- tiss\P:S?

collagen
VVha1are the two forms of fibrou s con~tive !is.sue?

loose fibrous and dense fibrous
The bes; d>?Scripdon iot the tv,o components of blood are

formed e,lements and plasma.
Blood is COITJIOSed of the formed elements (red blood cells. white blood cens. and platelets} and plasma..
In epitMfu..l liswes. v.t.at S:rves to anchor !he q)il:he!ial tiss\P: to underty;ng conneccive tis-sue?
basement membrane
In epithelial liswes. the basemen1 membrane serves to anchor lhe epithelial tissue to underlying oonnective lissu-e.
VVhich ;ype of tiswes rrai:e up !he epiO:-.rmis?

stratified squamous epitheliu-m
The epidemis i.s made up of stratified squamous epitheium. The dermis is made up of dense fibrous connectftle 1issue. Adipose and
loose OC>Meaive tissoe are components of the subwtaO:OUS layer. Elastic fibers are pan of the dermis.
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is rn ponsible for !he waterproofing of stin?
l'l'klCUS
• hyaline c-.artm.g>:
swe-at
wax
kaa:in
keratin
Carla is havilg problems with .-iiec(ions. Which body sys:em is failing?

mm.me system
T Of F: The c.ardiov3souhr sysi:em is litnit-:d to juS'! the heart and the blood.
False
The cardiovascular sys1em OOflsists of the heart. the blood, and the vessels the blood moves through.
T Of F: If <el'l1)era:ure v.~re OOfltroHed by a positive feedback m:chanism, !he body's <el'l1)era:ure wou1cl con:inue to riS:.
Troe
A positNe feedback sys1em reStJfts in an increas-lg dlange in t:he same direC(ion.
Which of !he following is 001 involved in body t-:mperature homeosi:3s.is?

shivering
respira:ion rat.e
secre!ioo of s wea: g!a,, ds
coostriction ot dila!ioo of bloocl v~set:s
the hypochm..mus
resp.'ation rate
When comparing the cardiovascular sys,em to a city, WM: is i.~similar ;o?

roads
The cardiovascular sys1em is similar to the roads wtiidl transport goods be,tween all of the other places .-i the city.
The innermoo:t l;iyer of an art-=')' is known a.s what?

endotMliu-m
Whal structure within a capillary bed shUJ'llS blood from the a.r1eriole to th.e v~:n.W:?
precapilaty sphincter
Eiz-abe-:h lakes a prescription drug tha: dilatn her artaioles. What does !his do 10 her blood pressure? Wt'rf!
ft taus bee.a.use this increases the cross-seC(ional area of the vessels.
When arterioles dilate blood presStJre falls bee.a.use of the increase .-i the cross·secliooal area of the vessels.
Wha1is ;he funo:ion oi valves in the veins?

preyen! !he backward flow of blood
In the lower extren"ities. valves prevent t:he bacfd'low of blood from occurring.
Wha1are the upper chambers of the heart called?

atria
Ouril'lg open hear;: surgc::ry. the first heart si:ruo:ure Iha: would l!e cut into is the - - - - - -
pericardium
The heart is StJfTOtmded by a ltlick. membranous sac ca1led t:he peric.ardi.cm th.al would have to be cut throogh 10 reach the heart.
The "IJb" sound of 1he - iub-dtrp- heart bu t is due to wha.1?

the dosing of the AV vaJves
The ""'1b~ occurs when increasing pressure of blood inside a ventricle fotc:es the wspsof 1he AV vatves to slam shut
VVhich p.a.i, of the brain contu.s the car<fuc control oen:~f?

medlAa oblongat.a
tf your ptme is 70 bu 1s per minute. how fa.st is your hu rt beating?

70 beats per minute
T Of F: A bJood pressure of 9Qf.t!O is conW>:-r ed normal

False
This would be coosid:red hypxensioo. Normal blood pressure is 120/80.
VVhich chaniler of the heart pumps blood into the pulmonary circuit?
right ventricle
VVhal ha,ppe-ns to the excess fluid that !:aves the c-.a~ries at the venous end?
The excess fluid i.s colle<:ted in the lymphatic capillaries.
The excess fluid i.s colle<:ted in the lymphatic capillaries. There is always some I\Jid left over s.\Ce 100% does no1 te\urn to the
venous capillaries. It is not ex~ed or reabsorbed by th: kidneys. It doesn't accumulate in the cells causing them to rupture.
tf a person is dehydrat-:d, hoY, will this affect nutrient exchange a: t~ ~ s?

V\(;iter Y"1il not leave the arterial end of the capillary and enter the tissues.
tf a person is dehydrated, this will inca-ease thei' osmotic pressure {more solt.l'!es dissolved in the liquid fraction of the blood). This
wot.dd' result in less water leaving the ca,pAaries and errtering the tissues.
T Of F: Generally. !here are no symp:oms of hyper;ension.

True
Hypertension i.s sometimes c.atred a silent killer. because !here are no symp1oms present.
VVhal is a s:ent?
a cyinder of expandable metal mesh
A st:'N is a cylinder ol expandable meta.I mesh that is positioned inside a oorona.ry attery.
The two major components of blood are

formed e,lements and plasma.
VVhich of !he following subs1anoes is not ooosidered pan of blood plasma?
dissolved 02
glucose
ure-a
a!bumin
red blood cells
Red blood cells are part of the formed elements. not the plasma.
T Of F: The most abundant componem of plasma is water.

True
V\(;i~er makes up 91% of plasma.
How many globin cha1ns a.re found in hemog:lotm?

Fo"
tf a person does not have e::novgh iron in ;heir O:i:,. they may sufier from
anemia
T Of F: Whi:e blood cells are ike red blood e:'!!$ in tha: tha-y ooJy ive for a mat er of days.
False
Some while blood cells may ooly ive bt a few days btJt others can iYe for months or even years.
Which of !he following is no.: a charact: ristic of infectious mononucleosis?

Symptoms include £ever, sore 1hroat. and sv.on:n lymph g!ands.
The VW'U s rel'MnS within 3 person's body fOf the rest of his/her i:e.
Au.ive ESV can be passed in 'wfflla.
There is u-.ncontroaed Yfflt~e blood cell prolr:era1ion.
There is uncootrolled while blood eel iwiferatiofl.

Mononucleosis i.s caused by the EpstH'l·Barr virus. which does noc involve uncontrollable white blood cell proliferation.
Co:G-uh!ion contribt.l:es ;o homeosr.3sis by

keeping the blood within the vessels.
Coagulation keeps the blood \W:hin the vessels so that we do not bleed to death.
Robby has iype 6 posrtive blood. His blood will contain

8 and' Rh antigens, and' anti-A antibodies.
Robby will possess both 8 antigens and Rh antigens on his red blood cells, and antibodies agains1 A
Jeremy has type O r.:ga.:ive blood. lt\tlat type Nood could he receive in 3 transftJ-Sion?
0 negative only
Jeremy ca.MOC receive A pos.i:ive or negatN'e, 8 positive or negative. Of AB positive or negatN'e blood because he has antibodies
against both A and 8 antigens.
T Of F: An individu; I who is blood type O will have 3ntitodies againsr: type A 3nd B 3ntige., s. rega.rd'..ess of v.hether they have had a
blood ;ransfusioo or not.
True
The antloodles againS1 blood antigens deve,bp we::her Of no! a persoo has ever had a transfusion. Therefore. an indivi:lual wtlo is
blood type O will have antloodies agains1 both A and 8 antigens. e.Yen if th:y haven, had a transfusion.
TOf F: If mom h:1s 3'1rea.tJy d,weloped an~h antibodiesdtrmg her firsr: pregnancy. a RhoGAM =1'IOI! v.iil not he!p her seoond
pregnancy.
True
The purpose of a RhoGAM shot is to l)'event the formation of anti-Rh antibodies. If they are al'eady formed. the sho1 will noc help.
Wha: do type A posi.tive and AS nega:ive Nood have in oomrnon?

A antigens
Blood type A positive has A antigens. Rh an~Efls, and anti-8 antibodies. Blood type AB negative has A antig:ns, 8 antigens. and
anti-Rh antibodies. Th: only t:oog they have in oommon is A antigens.
How does ;he muscular sys;em benefit the blood?

keeps blood moving through the hean and vessels
Muscie oontraccion keeps blood moving thtot.rgh the hean and in the blood vessels. p.;ttiootarty the veins.
T Of F: Exces.s tis.sue fluid becomes lymphatic &lid that ew-ntua!ly enters the blood stream.
True
The lymphatic system helps maintain blood volume by oolleccing excess tissue fluid and returning ii to the blood.
T Of F: Hormones produced by the endoCOO:e sysr.em r~ :e Nood volum: 3nd blood oeDformation.
True
The endoetine system assists the cardiovascular system by produOOg hormones thal regulate blood volume and blood cell formation.
VVhich acO:"SSOf)' organ of !he digestiva- sys:em will process a.nd sr.ore notMms as weDas producing bile for emulsiic-.a:ion?
iver
The liver wl process and s1ore nutrients as wel as producing bie for enVJ!sifica1ion. The gallbladder stores the bile and sends ii 10
the small intestine. The pancreas proctuces paflCl'eatic juices and insulin. The stomacll will secre-te acid and digestftle enzymes as
well as absoro nutrients. The small in~tine wl mix chyme with digestive enzymes, absorb nwients, and secrete digestive enzymes
into the blood.
VVhich of 1he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 a function of 1he O~ es!ive sys:em?

to protect againsc pathogens
Wha1is ;he correoi order of compooents of !he digestive tract?

mouth, pharynx. esophagus. stomacll. small in:estine. large intestrle. reaum. and anus
The f~n hy eXi:ensioo of ;he sol'; p.;~a:e is kncw,n as the

uvula
The dentist explained !hat dental c-.aries are caused by

bacteria witfwl the mouth l'nl=-iaboliulg sugar.
Tod3)', physicians and denll's:1:s are cone:.med tha: gum dis.:ase is inked to _ _ _ __
carciovascular disease
Musol?S !hat encircle ti.J"bes and aoi as circular valves are called
sphincters.
VVhich of !he following is no.: associated with the sr.omach?

alcohol absorprion
g:isr.ric glands
rug:ie
duodenum
pepsin
duodenum
The duodenum is pan of the smal intes1ine, not the stomach.
VVhich of !he enzyme-subs:rate pairings is incorrea?
lipase--ia;
Amylase-s;arch
Trypsin-c-.albohydra:es
Pepsin-prot-:in
Mlcluse-ONA
Tryps.-i~ydmes
Tryps.-i isa..n enzyme secre-ted by the pancreas that digests in,teins.
The small fympha:iccapillaries tha., resid>: in !he smal imestines and absoro fats are knO\'ffl as
lacteals
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 produced by the pana-eas?
lipase
trypsin
amyl:ise
sodi\Jm llicarbona:e
• bile
...
The panCteaS se~es al of dlese 001 bile.
T Of F: The secre!ioos of digev.ive juices are cont:toeed by the nervous syst-:m as well as by diges,:ive hormones.
True
The parasyrr.,a,hetic nervous system s1imuia:es gastric secre,tions along with digestive hormones.
VVha1is one benefit of nomm ffora in th: large in:ev.ine?

produce vilal'llll 6
Resident bacteria in dle large intestrle serve to produce vitamin B. as wel as vilatlWl K. and breakdown indiges1ible material
According ;o the SMI chart. a he.31thy SMI is in the r3ng: of

18.5 to 24.9.
Wt'rf is it necess3ry to include some carbohyd.ra:es in th: diet?

Sraii cells require gkloose.
Sraii cells require gluoose and are unable to conven fatty acids !O glucose.
A.boot 90% o1 people suffering from anori:xia nervosa a.re

young women.
The respira:ory syv.em is rn ponsible for

oxygen entering the body and carbon dioxide lealring the body.
VVhich structure is n01 p.ai, ofthe inspira1ion process?

lungs--
AH are PM of ;he inspiration process.
b,ynx
trachu
bronchides
Al are part of the inspiration process.
VVhich structure is the initial aicry way for air 10 en:er th: respira:ory syst-:m?
nose
The air will ilitially enter the nose. then proceed to the nasal cavity. to the pharynx. to the tracflea. to th: bronCROles, and to the
~ngs. The esophagus is p.a..n of the diges1ive system. not the re~atorysystem.
Ouring respira:ion, v.hich s:rucr.ure coMeCts ;he larynx ;o !he bronchiole tr'*?
trachea
The trachea connects !he W)'nx to the bronchiole tree. The gJottis i.s the opening in the larynx. The ~ngs receive !he air from the
trachea. The alveoli are the 5-Tle of gas exchange within the lungs. The esophagus is pan of 1he digestive system.
T Of F: The epiglottis is !he slit betwe:n the voc.31 cords.

False
The glottis is the slil between the vocal cords.
VVhich p.a.r, of the iovr.:J respira:ory trac,; is in.:irm:ely in ooma01 with the cardiovasait3r syst-:m?
~ngs
The lungs oootain the alveoli ~ere gas exchange occurs be,tweEfl the catdiovasoolar system and dle respGtoty system.
VVha: separates the h.ings from the thoracic cavity?
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Eacfl lung is enclosed by a seroos membrane called a pleura (pl.. ~rae).
VVhich of 1he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 a pM of inspiration?
The interrostal l'l'l.lscl.es pull the nb$ oo-:ward.

The pressvre in !he hmgs increases
. The rib cage moves up ard out.
The diaphragm contracts and mov* down.
Air ru shes in10 !he ~ng s.
The pressure in the lungs increases.
The amour11 of air that moves in and OU! with each bre.;a!h is called the
tidal volume.
Ourrlg respira:ion, \'mat is the additiooal a.mount of air tro.1 can be exha!ed from the lungs d1rmg an extra d~ p exhlh:ion e3!}:d'?
This volu~ is uwa!l>f around 1.400 mt
expi"a1ory reserve volu-me
The expi'a1ory reserve volume i.s the additional vollme of air that can be exhaled form the lungs wtlich i.s usualy 1.400 ml. The
ins~a1ory reserve volume can add an additional 2,900 ml of air to the lungs. The residual volume i.s the amount of air that can't be
exhaled from the ~ngs. Vil:al capacity is the manTIU"m amount of ai" t:ha1 can Ile inhaled and exhaled Of a deep breath. Tidal volume
i.s th: normal amoont of air that moves in and oot durilg a normal breath.
Where is the re:pira:oty control c:e.i:er loca:ed?

in the btarl
T Of F: Cha-morecep:ors for Nooe! pH are loca:ed in the btUI s,em 3nd th: lungs.
False
Chemoreoep:ors for blood pH are localed in the brain stem. in the catoCid arteries, and in the aona.
Mo:t of the c.albon dioxide is carried in the pb.sma 3S

bicarbonate ioo.
"&rep throo.:~is caus:d by wfla: type of infeci:ing organism?

bacteria
Which of 1hese lower rn piratof)' d:Se-:tSes shoukl be trea:ed with 3ntibio,:ics?

ptJlrnonaly tuberwlosis
TOf F: The kidneys excri::e metabolic wastn , incltldfng u-rea. a by-produ01 of glucose meta.bofum.
False
Urea is a by·product of amino acid metabolism.
Which of !he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 a me.:3bolic was:e product?

u-ric 3cid
crea:inine
u-re-3
erythropo:-::in
E,ylhropoietri
E,ylhropoietrl is a hormone secreted by the kidneys.
HO\v many openings (111.pu,s and oo~pu-ts} are !here in the urinary bladder?
thre,s,
Which of !he following is no.: a region oi the looney?
pelvis
hypo.:h;alamus
coliecting ducts
"°'""
medulla:
hypo1halamus
The hypo1halamt.1s i.s a region of the brain.
VVhich of 1he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 pan of a M phtoo?
coliecting duct
glomerutar caps~
ureter
loop oi H:~ -:
proxim;al oonvoluted tubtJ!e
ura<er
The oolle<:ting duct empties into the ureter. bu1 !he u~er is not pan of a nephron.
?lace the pans of the nephron in order of how fitr3!ion would ocour. 1. 3se::l\O:ing limb of loop; 2. d>:Scending imb of loop; 3. proximal
convolut-:d tubule; 4. g!om:rutis: 5. colleoting duct; 6. dis1al convolu:ed t ~
4.3.2. 1.6.5
Wt'rfdo wa:er a,,d s.mal ~ -:eules mow- from the gtom:-JIJl.rs in.:o the fil!rate?
glomenl1a..r blood pressure
Wha: a.re the two VI¥ substa.ices :1re removed from !he b}oocl :1nd added ;o !he forming urine?
glomenl1a..r fitratiofl and tubular secretion
VVhal is !he norm;al pH of blood?

slightly basic
VVhich subs1:1nce is remov~ from the blood dt.nlg tubtJl:1r secri:-:ion?

H+
H + are removed from the blood during tubular se:retion. Na + is reabsorbed in.to the blood. Aldos;erone i.s excreted by the kjdneys
into the bloodstream. Water is reabsofbed imo !he blood. Cl - is reabsorbed into the blood.
VVhich of 1hese con:ains urin:e?
intestine
g;al!bl:1dder
ut: rus
urethra
......
All of the abowa
regul:11e !he pH of the blood.
regul:11e !he b}oocl vokime.
excrete Mrogenous wastes.
he!p m;ain;ain ;he correoi oon.centra:ion oi s 3"!s in !he blood.
Al of 1he answer dloioes are correct
VVh:11hormone is secret-:d by the kidneys when blood oxygc:n drops. mg:1s bone m:1rrow. and triggers produotion of red blood e:'Os?
e,ylhropoietin
Wha1p.a.r, of the kidney is !he central spae: th.a: f.eads to the ureta?
renal pe,tvis
Choose which compona-ms are found in glomerular filtrat-:.

wa:er
large pro:: irls
blood cells
ions
small mo'.-:¢0les
wa~er
ions
small mole¢oles
An:diu-ri:1ic hormooe acts 0:iri:etly oo the colleo:ing duct ;o _____ wat: r and m3ke the u-rine concentra:ed.
reabsorb; more
VVhich funotion of the skeleta.1 sysr.em requiri:"S the f.eg bone$ 10 be extremely s1rong?
They suppon the entire body.
VVha1type of cartilage is fou-nd 31 the ends of 1he loog bOM"S?

hyaline cartilage
Sooe recycling allows ;he body to regul3t": WM.;?

the amount of calcium in the blood
Booe serves as a storage reservoir for cak:ium and recycing allows the body to regulate the amount of calcium in the blood.
VVhich of !he io!IO\Wlg sta:emems is nO'! 1rue regarding lhe reg:ioo of primary ossitication of a bone?
Osr.eobl:tSts are derived from the ne-\'dy formed pe,:rio,s:teum.
The region of pricmry ossincarion is wflere ost-:0elasr.s 3re laid dcw,n oo the oU!W>: of the bone.
Aba,id of cartm.g>: remains betVleen the prirro.ry ossi:fica:ion 0:n:er a.i d u ch seoonda.ry center.
The region of prinaryossification i.s Yllere os1eoclast:s are laid' dOWll on the outside of the bone.
HO\v long does the bony caHus in a boM repair last?

3-4 months
VVhich of 1he io!IO\Wlg is 001 a type of joint?
ttoch3nter
synovial
cartilaginous
w:ure
""'°'"
trochanter
A trochanter i.s noc a type of joint they are large bOflny proje~ions loca:ed on the fenwr.
VVhich of !he following is no.: associ3ted with a synO\li:!1joint?

• fibrou s capsule
menisci
bursar
ligamen:s
fibrocartilage
fibrocartilage
Fibrocartiage is another type of joint. It is no1 found .i a synovial joint.
VVhich joint action allows for the body pan 10 move to-w3l"ds !he midline?
adduaion
Addu~ion is the movement of a body pan 10 the midline of the body. Abductiofl is the movement of the body p.an av,ay from the
midline. Fle:cioo is the increase in the joint angle. Pronation is when the hand faces dov,nward. Eversion i.s Yllen the sole of the foot
turns ot.rtward.
VVhich of 1hese is 3 function of the skel::on?

houses tissU>:'S involved in the produti:ion o-i red bJoocl ce!;:s
All o-i the answer choices are correoi.
prot: ctioo
Al the Above
"'"'°"
VVhich of 1hese is NOT a func(ion oft~ skeleton?
prot: cts soft body parts
s,:ores minerals
W ppo,tS !he body
conducts nervous Wl'lpulses
conducts nervous impulses
The skeleton functiofls to suppon the body. protect soft body pans. and store nwlerars. What it does 001 do is conduct rave
Wl'lpU!ses.
The hardes: pOftion(s) of a long booe isfare the

compa~ bone.
The out-:r portioo of a long bone. aside f.rom ;he artiaita.rcartm.ges. is CO\~ed by a layer oi fibrous connective !issue called
perios1eum
VVh:11 type of c-.attilage is particularly ftexi~-: and is found in ear ffap.s and !he epqQb.1is?
elaS1ic canilage
The shou1d>:-r joint is an example of a _____ joinL

All o-i the answer choices are correoi.
synovial
ball-and·socJ:et
freefy mOYable
Al the above
Endoohoodral os.sifica!ion involves
a cartilaginous model
long booes.
All oi the answer choices are correoi.
an epiphyseal pb.:e.
Al of 1he answer dloioes are correct
Bone-building cells 3re - - - -"· mature bone cells are.____-

osteoblas1s: osteocyt:s
Choose !he proper sequene: describing rep3ir o1 bone fraotures.

henu1oma-fibrocattilage calt.rs-bony ca!lus-cemodeling
Oi th: thr'* types of muscle !issue. wflich has mul':inudeat-:d fibers?

skeletal muscle
Which of 1he following is no.: a. functioo of sk-:~-:131musdn ?
"'"'°"
protection of imem3I organs
rnoveinent ofbones
pumping of blood throughoot the body
iruffi:enan.ce of body ten11)eratare
pt.1111)ing of blood throughoU't the body
Wh a: muscle v,orks in a. p3ir with the biceps brachi ?

the triceps brachi
T or F: Whal a musc:l: oomra~ s. the H zone 3!most dis3ppears.

The H zone is the are1 in 1he center of 1he sarcomere thai almost disappelJ'S when the muscle ooruracts.
VVh al doe-s 1roponin bind 10 a.nd wfla: happens Mlen it birds?

Ca 2+. tropomyosin shifts
T or F: One motor uni! obe-ys a princip~-: ~ the 311-or-none law.

True
Al the muscle fibers in a motor unit are s1imuta~ed at once. They all either oontracc or do not oontracc.
Which of 1he fo!IO\Wlg doe-s noc occtJr m en a. 100sct.e farigU'>:'S?
Its energy rnerw-s are dep,S::ed.

Ace¥choin:e is crossing !he syna.p,:ic cleft.
Te,:3nus is achieved.
Stimulation contmues.
The muscle ri:bxes.
Tetanus is acflieYed.
Tetanus is maximal sus1ained contraction and does not occur during muscle fatigue.
Which of !he following is no.: a. source oi ATP for muso'I: coo:racdon?

ATP s;ored in the cell
aerobic respiration
fermentarion
ATP in !he Nooe!
the etea.:ine phos~ a.:e pa.:l'to',ay
ATP in the blood
Muscies do not get ATP from the blood.
Oi th: th..r'* p3thvn1ys fot sup~ing ATP to the muso'.- :, which p3thv.G.y(s} do slow,·witch fibers prefet?
aerobic resptation
Slow4wilch fillers prefer to use aerobic respiratiofl for their ATP source since il produces a large suppfy of ATP.
Wey a.re skw,-twitch mu-soln dal'k?

They contain myogloOO.
T or F: Fibtomya!g!a is a t~mpor3ry condition of 3chy mu-so'.n , uwa!ly due 10 overuse.

False
Fibromyalgia is a chronic conditiofl whose syl'l1)toms .-dude adly p.aS'I. tenderness. and stiffness of mJscles.
Which O:isease is 3n autoirnl'!'llne diseas.: cha.ract: rized by v.~aAAes.s tha; n pecia:ly a.ffe01s the musdes of the eyelids. fae:. Mek.
a,,d e,xi:ri:milies?
myas1henia gravis
Wha1is ;he reservoir for C3 2+ in !he body?

bones
T or F: If you lock your knees ffllir.e sr.al\O:ing you may pass OU1 because of !he lack of venous retam to the h:a.rt
Troe
The sl:eletal muscles aid in the process of venous retum by pushing blood bac:k toward the heart. If yoo loct your knees, the,e is a
shortage of blood returning to the heart and you may pass out.
Av.hole muscle is drM>:d into bundles of muscle fibersca!led - - - -~ each of ffllich is surrounded by a lay,::r of coone01iw-
tis.s1r..
fascicles
A muscle puling just opposte to ano.:her can be best descnoed as 3(n)

ant~onist
The oomraotile unil of a myofibril is the

sarcomere·
According ;o the s!idi!"Q f:hment theory,

actsl moves past myosin as myosin cross-bridges pt.JI on the act:in.
provide explosions of energy

light in cobt. little myog!obin
fewer blood vessels than slow-,whcfl fiilers
All of the answer choices are correct:.
Al of 1he answer dloioes are correct.
_ _ _ _ __ rei ers 10 a group of inherit-:d disorders cha.ract~:rized by a progrns.ive degeneration 3nd v,u l:ening o1 muscles.
Muscota.r dystrophy
The e:niral nervous syst~m is ~ ecr.-:d by

bone
The brain is pro<ect:ed by the skull and the spinal cord i.s protected by the vertebral ~mn.
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 a type of neuron?

neurogli3
int: meuron
~ or
aF.eri:n:
se;nsory
neuroglia
Neurogia. are cells !hat suppon and ncuish net.l"OflS.
VVhich of 1he fo!IO\Wlg is associated \'flth the PNS but 001 1he CNS?
mye!in s~a1h
node oi Ra.rwier
Schwann 0:~s
dendrite
axoo
Schwann cells
Sctw,ann cells are a type of neuroglia bund only in the PNS.
Oepohr"atio,n of the M'lrtofl occurs wflen

socliu-m gales open and sodium moves inside the cell.
VVhich conduas 3 n action po;enl!al fas;er and Mly?

myelinated fbers, !he action potential jumps from one node of Ranlrier toa.nother
VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 a neurotrans.miter?
ATP
glut.am ate
acecytchoti.n:e
~ onin
GABA
ATP
T Of F: Whal 3 neurotransmitter is rel:ased into the synaptic cleft. !he respons.: of !he receiving neuron wil be 1oward excitation.
False
Oepencfing on the nature of the neurotransmitter. the response can Ile toward excitation Of toward inhibitioo.
T Of F: The Mlt~e m :l!t~ of the spinal cord surrounds the gray matter.
TrueThe gray ma1ter is centraly located and shaped like !he letter H. The white matter surrounds the gray matter.
VVhich drug is in the same catego,y as nioo:ine?

cocaine
they a.re both S(inwlants
loog ;erm use of heroin resuts in which set of symp~oms?

addiaion, hepatitis. HMAIDS. various bacterial infections
Hu vy us.: of wflich drug can &:ad to ha.1ocinarions. 3ruciety. depression, paranoi3, 3rd psyci\o.:ic symptoms?
marijuana
R3p)j oooduction of 3 nerve il'l1)tlf:s.e in vert~bta:es is becaus.: of

openings in the myekl sheath.
Which of !he following compone.,:s of 3 neuron tr3nsmits ~.na.ls aw3Y from the ceDbocty?
dendrite
syn3ptic o'.~ ft
axoo
synovial join:
axon
Which of !he fo!IO\Wlg drugs is cl3s.sified as a h3Hucinogen?
irurijuana
caffeine
nicotine
alcohol
marijuana.
The drug in tobacco products caus:-s neurons to reluse dopamine. Mlich reinforces dependence oo this drug.
OccasioM.! uS:rs experience e-trphoria. a~era1ions in vis.ioo and judgmem. 3nd dis:ortions oi sp:tee a..nd tme. Heavy use
oi oft: n lea1s ;o Wer dam~>:.
nicotine: marijuana; aloohol
T Of F: Nocicep~ors are a iype of chemoreceptor.

True
Nocioep1ors (pain recep1ors) are a iype of ch.emorecepcot that respond to chemicals released by damaged tissues.
tf the na,.rves between the eyi:"S and the ears were S\~ched. stil'l'llta:ion oi the ~ 3noreceptors in the e-3r v.ould resul: in
seeilg lights.
51:inlJlation of the mechanote¢eptors .,,out:1 evefltually arrive in Ille visual oonex if the nerves were switched. Therefore. the resut
wol.dd be seeing i ghts. The indMdual could still hear ii the receptors in the eyes were stimulaied and they couJd' hear if the reoep1ors
in the ears were stimulated.
.._
The type of u sr.e call£ol uim..mi allows us 10 en.PY v,h311ype of flavor?
Which byer oi the ey,: oom.;iins 3 r, extensive bbod w pt)ly?

choroid'
The middle layer. the choroid. cootainsa.n extensive blood supply, and its dart pigment absorbs st.ray light rays.
Which of 1he following is a genetic mutation th.a: a.ffe01s mas more than f~m.;iles?
red green oolor blindness
Red green color bkldness is caused by a genetic mutation that affeas 5-8% of the ll'WE' populatiofl.
Which structure in th: eye reftacts and focuses light r3YS?

lens
The lens refracts and focuses light rays. Humors transmit light rays and support the eye. Cone cells make oolot vision possible. The
re(ina oon1ains sensory rec:eptors for sight The pupil admits light to the eye.
Which d"'isorder of the eye is due to the ootnea or I.ens l!eing u.na-ven resulting in a fuzzy image?
astigmatism
Ari as~atism is wflen the oornea or lens is ooe-.,en and images are fuzzy. Glaucoma is the aOaJmUlation of aqueoos humor due to
the blockage of the drainage ducts in the eye. Color blindness is due to a g:ne,tic l'l'lltatioo ii which the cones are defective or
deficient. Ne3rsightedness is due to the shape of the eye being elongated. Farsightedness is due to Ille eye being shoftened.
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12/9/2017 StudyBlue printing of Final

A com¢-:-x individtu l tha.1 consis!S of organ systems is known as 3/an

In a swamp, all of the alligators would repres.::ru: alan

VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg sta:emems mos1 correcdy defin es hom:os:tasis?

Movement in respoose to sunight i.s an example of response to an external stimulus.

Which organisms are mos: closely rerated to huma,, s?

The t-:mative explan!l!ion ;o be test: d is ca!led

Which of !he following sta:emen:s would be oonsidered anecdo13I da:a?

1 los: 21 lbs on the AU:ins diet.·

..I lost 21 l)s on the Atkins diet.~

Which of 1he fo!IO\Wlg sta:emems is a hypothesis?

I like my biology class bett-:r than rrry o::her ob.ss-n.

tf a Sludent buys a meal plan hefshe Y"II eat more vegetables.

T Of F: An important part of scienli:fic ri:'Search is repu ;.;ibility.

In a graph. !he experimental variable is ploited on the

Aiter studying biology, it is hoped th.a: you

The dev~lopment of ri:'Sis;.;ine: of M.~SA bao.eria to antibi otics is an exampS: of

Which of !he following sta:emen:s is .;in objeotive observation?

This pack.age is larger than that: ooe.

Which of 1he following is no.: a. b3sic th:oty of t<otogy?

The cause of stomach u1cers appe-ars 10 be

The ba~erium Helicobader p'jlori is a ma.jot cootributor 10 stomacll ulcers.

In an a:om. !he numb:r of protons a!W3)'S equals the number

In an a1om. the number of protons always equals the number of electrofls.

l~opes of a., element dif,er due ;o ;he nt1mber oi

A combination oi i:woor more atoms of !he same type is ~ -:d

T Of F: A hydrolysis reaction invol\res ;he bss of wa:er.

Starch. e:lufose. and glyc:ogen are alike in tha;

The monomer unit of a pro;ein is

The sec:ondary structu-re of a p,«ein can be an alpha heix or a beta sheet

List !he propaties of wat~r.

The gel-lik-: &lid wbs;ane: \\t~hin a mitochondrion is ca".'.-:d the

T Of F: Fermenta:ion produe:s more ATP than does aerobic re:pi,arion.

The size of a me.:3bofizing cell is irnited by i!s

T Of F: The cytoplasm is no1 considered a e:Mar orgaM".'i:.

Wha1is ;he funo:ion oi cho5":'Staol in th: plasma membtane?

tf a e:nlacked ril!osomes. i! would n0,1 be ab&: to

VVhich structure int~ hurru..n bocly will ttSe flagella to move?

Wt'rf ;ype of juno:ions mus1!here l!e berw* n oetr:s to form a barrier?

Tight junotions are necessary 10 contain ~ids within a specific area.

VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is 001 considered a b3sic tis.sue type?

VVhal pro;ein provides fleXl"bity and s1tength to connecti"w- tiss\P:S?

VVha1are the two forms of fibrou s con~tive !is.sue?

The bes; d>?Scripdon iot the tv,o components of blood are

VVhich ;ype of tiswes rrai:e up !he epiO:-.rmis?

VVhich of !he fo!IO\Wlg is rn ponsible for !he waterproofing of stin?

Carla is havilg problems with .-iiec(ions. Which body sys:em is failing?

Which of !he following is 001 involved in body t-:mperature homeosi:3s.is?

When comparing the cardiovascular sys,em to a city, WM: is i.~similar ;o?

The innermoo:t l;iyer of an art-=')' is known a.s what?

Wha1is ;he funo:ion oi valves in the veins?

Wha1are the upper chambers of the heart called?

The "IJb" sound of 1he - iub-dtrp- heart bu t is due to wha.1?

VVhich p.a.i, of the brain contu.s the car<fuc control oen:~f?

tf your ptme is 70 bu 1s per minute. how fa.st is your hu rt beating?

T Of F: A bJood pressure of 9Qf.t!O is conW>:-r ed normal

tf a person is dehydrat-:d, hoY, will this affect nutrient exchange a: t~ ~ s?

T Of F: Generally. !here are no symp:oms of hyper;ension.

The two major components of blood are

VVhich of !he following subs1anoes is not ooosidered pan of blood plasma?

T Of F: The most abundant componem of plasma is water.

How many globin cha1ns a.re found in hemog:lotm?

Which of !he following is no.: a charact: ristic of infectious mononucleosis?