MS 144-2006

MALAYSIAN MS 144:2006
STANDARD
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COLD REDUCED MILD STEEL WIRE FOR THE

REINFORCEMENT OF CONCRETE –
SPECIFICATION (THIRD REVISION)
ICS: 77.140.15
Descriptors: reinforcement of concrete, cold reduced mild steel wire, manufacturing process, chemical,
testing, packaging
© Copyright 2006
DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA
© DSM 2006 - All rights reserved

DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS
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MS 144:2006
CONTENTS
Page
Committee representation ………………………………………………………………. iii
Foreword ..…………………………………………………………………………………. iv
1 Scope ……………………………………………………………….……………………… 1
2 Normative references …………………………………………………………………….. 1
3 Definitions …………………………………………………………………………………. 1
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser ………………………………………….. 2
5 Preferred sizes .…………………………………………………………………………… 2
6 Cross-sectional area and mass ………………………………………………………… 2
7 Process of steel manufacture ..…………………………………………………………. 3
8 Chemical composition …………………………………………………………………… 4
9 Quality ..……………………………………………………………………………………. 4
10 Tolerances on cut length, mass and cross-sectional dimensions ..…………………. 5
11 Nominal sizes ………………..……………………………………………………………. 5
12 Bond classification of deformed wires ……….…………………………………………. 5
13 Routine inspection and testing ..…..……………………………………………………. 6
14 Mechanical properties ……………………………………………………………………. 6
15 Manufacturer’s, supplier’s and purchaser’s retests ..…………………………………. 7
16 Packing and identification ..………..……………………………………………………. 7
17 Verification of characteristic strength ..…………………………………………………. 8
Tables
1 Cross-sectional area and mass..…..……………………………………………………. 3
2 Chemical composition of steel..…………………………………………………………. 4
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MS 144:2006
CONTENTS (continued)
Page
3 Minimum requirements for tensile properties of test pieces.…………………………. 6
B1 Batch for frequency of tensile and rebend test...………………………………………. 12
B2 Acceptability index (k) as a function of the number (n) of the test results (for a
reliable failure rate of 5 % (pass = 0.95) at a probability of 90 %

(1 – ∞ = 0.90) ………………………………………………..…………………………. 16
B3 Test stress ranges for nominal bar sizes ……………………………………………… 18
Figure A1 Typical mould to be used for bond test………………….…………………………. 11
Annexes
A Bond performance test for deformed wires………………….…………………………. 9
B Inspection, testing and certification…………………………..…………………………. 12
ii
MS 144:2006
Committee representation
The Iron and Steel Industry Standards Committee (ISC P) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was
developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations:
Association of Marine Industries of Malaysia

Department of Standards Malaysia
Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers
IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd
Institute Materials Malaysia
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malaysian Automotive Association

Malaysian Industrial Development Authority
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Ministry of International Trade and Industry
Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia
SIRIM Berhad (Foundry Center)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
The Technical Committee on Steel Bars, Wire Rods and Wire Products which developed this Malaysian Standard
consists of representatives from the following organisations:
Amsteel Mills Sdn Bhd
Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia
Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd
Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia
Malayawata Steel Bhd
Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Master Builders Association Malaysia
Perwaja Steel Sdn Bhd
SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)
SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Southern PC Steel Sdn Bhd
Sounthern Steel Mesh Sdn Bhd
The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Universiti Malaya
Universiti Teknologi MARA
Co-opted member:
Asia Wire Steel Mesh Manufacturers Sdn Bhd
iii
MS 144:2006
FOREWORD
This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Steel Bars, Wire
Rods and Wire Products, under the authority of the Iron and Steel Industry Standards
Committee.
This Malaysian Standard is the third revision of MS 144:2001, Specification for cold reduced
mild steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete.
Major modifications in this revision are as follows:

a) the inclusion of the definition on cast analysis in 3.3;
b) the inclusion of the definition on characteristic strength in 3.4;
c) the definition on yield stress has been rephrased in 3.10;
d) the nitrogen content in Clause 7 has been changed to 0.012 %;
e) the title of Clause 13 has been replaced with “Routine inspection and testing;
f) in Table 3, the minimum tensile strength for Grade 500 steel has been changed to 525
2
N/mm ;
g) the number of years for the record keeping has been changed from “five years” to “ten
years”; and
h) Annex B has been revised.
This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 144:2001 (Second revision).
Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal
obligations.
iv
MS 144:2006
COLD REDUCED MILD STEEL WIRE FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF

CONCRETE – SPECIFICATION
(THIRD REVISION)
1. Scope
This Malaysian Standard specifies the requirements for plain and deformed cold reduced mild
steel wires used for the reinforcement of concrete, and for the manufacture of steel fabric in
accordance with MS 145.
Wire that may be used for the prestressing of concrete and wire used for ties, lifting and other
general engineering or industrial purposes is not included in this standard.
2. Normative references
The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the normative references (including amendments) applies.
BS 6200, Sampling and analysis of iron, steel and other ferrous metals
MS 145, Welded steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete – Specification
MS 146, Hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete – Specification
MS ISO 6892, Metallic material – Tensile testing at ambient temperature
3. Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply.
3.1 Batch
Any quantity of finished wire of one material type and size, produced by one manufacturer or
supplier, presented for examination at one time.
3.2 Bundle
A number of lengths of wire wound into spiral rings.
3.3 Cast analysis
Chemical analysis of a sample during the process of casting.
3.4 Characteristic strength
That value of the yield stress below which fall not more than 5 % of the test results.
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MS 144:2006
3.5 Coil
One continuous length of wire wound into spiral rings.
3.6 Deformed wire
A wire with surface characteristics designed to increase its bond with concrete.
3.7 Nominal density

2
The value of 0.007 85 kg/mm per metre run taken for the purpose of converting a length and
cross-sectional area of wire to its mass.
3.8 Nominal wire size
The diameter of a wire with an area equal to the effective cross-sectional area of the wire.
3.9 Rib
A protrusion on the outside of the wire designed to increase its bond with concrete.
3.10 Yield stress
The stress measured during the tensile test when the total extension of the gauge length is that
specified in the grade.
4. Information to be supplied by the purchaser

To assist the manufacturer in supplying the required wire, the following information shall be
given in the inquiry and order:
a) the number of this standard, i.e. MS 144;
b) the nominal size of the wire (see Clause 5);
c) the bond classification;
d) the length of wire, if cut lengths are required (see 10.2); and
e) any other additional requirements.
5. Preferred sizes
The preferred millimetre nominal sizes of wire are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
6. Cross-sectional areas and mass

6.1 The cross-sectional areas and mass of individual wires shall be derived from their
nominal sizes.
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MS 144:2006
6.2 The cross-sectional areas and mass of the preferred millimetre nominal sizes shall be
as given in Table 1.
Table 1. Cross-sectional area and mass
a a
Nominal size Cross-sectional area Mass per metre run
2
(mm) (mm ) (kg)
4 12.6 0.099
5 19.6 0.154
6 28.3 0.222
7 38.5 0.302
8 50.3 0.395
9 63.6 0.499
10 78.5 0.616
11 95.0 0.746
12 113.1 0.888
13 132.7 1.042
a
Cross-sectional area and mass are subjected to the tolerances specified in Clause 10.
6.3 The effective cross-sectional area and mass shall be determined as follows and be
subjected to the tolerances specified in Clause 10.
For a wire where the configuration is such that, by visual inspection, the cross-sectional area
is substantially uniform along the length of the wire, determine its effective cross-sectional are
by weighing and measuring to an accuracy of ± 0.5 % of a sample of the wire not less than
300 mm long.
2
Calculate the effective cross-sectional area, A (in mm ), using the equation:
M
A=
0.007 85L
where,
M is the mass of the wire (in kg); and
L is the length of the wire (in m).
7. Process of steel manufacture

The steel shall be made by any process except the air or mixed air/oxygen, bottom-blown
basic converter processes. In the case of the oxygen process, the free nitrogen content as
determined in the cast analysis shall not exceed 0.012 %.
NOTE. This term includes both top and bottom-blown oxygen processes.
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MS 144:2006
8. Chemical composition
8.1 The chemical composition of the steel based on cast analysis shall be in accordance
with Table 2. In the case of precast concrete products, the carbon content shall be subjected
to the agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser.
In cases of dispute, the methods of test given in BS 6200 shall be used.
Table 2. Chemical composition of steel
Element (%), max

Carbon 0.25
Sulphur 0.060
Phosphorus 0.060
8.2 The carbon equivalent value of the steel derived from the following formula shall not
be greater than 0.42 %:
Mn Cr + Mo + V Ni + Cu
C + + +
6 5 15
where,
C is the percentage carbon content;
Mn is the percentage manganese content;
Cr is the percentage chromium content;
V is the percentage vanadium content;
Mo is the percentage molybdenum content;
Cu is the percentage copper content; and
Ni is the percentage nickel content.
9. Quality
9.1 The wire shall be free from any defect that can be shown to affect adversely the
mechanical properties of the wire specified in this standard.
9.2 Wire including butt welds shall be permitted.
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MS 144:2006
10. Tolerances on cut length, mass and cross-sectional dimensions

10.1 Nominal density
For the purpose of checking a wire for compliance with the tolerances specified in this
standard, the nominal density of steel as defined in 3.7 shall be used.
10.2 Specified lengths
If specified cut lengths are requested in the order, each wire shall be cut to within a tolerance
of ± 25 mm on the specified length.
10.3 Mass and cross-sectional dimensions
The tolerance on mass and cross-sectional dimensions shall be ± 3 % for all sizes.
11. Nominal sizes

In arriving at or checking the nominal sizes of a wire in accordance with 3.8 and Clause 6, the
tolerances specified in Clause 10 shall be taken into account.
12. Bond classification of deformed wires

12.1 General
Deformed wires shall be classified as Type 1 or Type 2. The type shall be determined from
the results of the bond performance tests given in Annex A or, if the shapes are applicable,
from the geometry of the wire as described in 12.3.
12.2 Performance test classification
The performance test shall be conducted by an accredited testing laboratory. The

classification shall be established as final, and thereafter the classification of the type of wire
which passes the tests shall be by reference to the geometrical description stated on the
certificate issued by the testing laboratory.
12.3 Classification according to the geometry of the wire
The geometrical classifications as specified below shall be those determining the

performance test reference levels for deformed bars in accordance with MS 146.
a) Type 1: A plain square twisted wire or a plain chamfered square twisted wire, each with
a pitch of twist not greater than 14 times the nominal size of the wire.
b) Type 2: A wire with transverse ribs with a substantially uniform spacing not greater than
0.8ø (and continuous helical ribs where present), having a mean area of ribs (per unit
length) above the core of the wire projected on a plane normal to the axis of the wire
2
not less than 0.15ø mm /mm where ø is the nominal wire size.
Wire described as indented shall comply with geometrical requirements of 12.4 and shall be
classified as Type 1.
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MS 144:2006
12.4 Indented wire
Where a wire is described as indented, the indentations shall be spaced along the wire at a
substantially uniform distance and shall be symmetrically disposed around the perimeter of
the section. A minimum of 25 % of the total surface area shall be indented by measurable
indentations and in each line of indentations along the wire, there shall be not less than 3.5
and not more than 5.5 indentations per 25 mm length. The angle between the direction of
indentation and the axis of the wire shall be not less than 40°.
13. Routine inspection and testing

All materials shall be subjected to routine inspection and testing as described in Annex B and
shall include the manufacturer’s inspection (see Clause B1); and either:
a) for material covered by a third party certification scheme, the requirements of Clause
B2; or
b) for material not covered by a certification scheme, the requirements of Clause B3.
The records shall be made available for inspection by the purchaser or his representative for
a period of ten years from the date of delivery.
14. Mechanical properties

14.1 Mechanical properties
14.1.1 The minimum tensile properties of the steel obtained from test pieces selected,
prepared and tests in accordance with Annex B shall comply with Table 3.
14.1.2 The specified characteristic strength and elongation shall be as given in Table 3.
Table 3. Minimum requirements for tensile properties of test pieces
a
Min. characteristic strength Min. tensile strength Min. elongation
Grade 2 2
(N/mm ) (N/mm ) (%)
b
485 485 510 12
b
500 500 525 10
a
Gauge length = 5.65√So
b
and at least 5 % greater than yield strength for d > 5 mm or 3 % greater than yield strength for d < 5 mm
recorded in tensile test.
So Denotes original cross-sectional area of the test piece
14.1.3 The tensile strength shall be either:
a) at least 5 % greater than the actual yield stress measured in the tensile test in
accordance with B1.2, B1.3 and B1.4; or
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MS 144:2006
b) between 5 % and 10 % greater than the actual yield stress measured in the tensile test in
accordance with Annex B. In this case the actual yield stress shall not be less than the
2
value determined from the following formula, in N/mm .
A = (2.1 – B)
where,
A is either 485 or 500 according to the grade concerned; and
B is the ratio of measured tensile strength to actual yield strength.

14.2 Rebend test
When the test pieces selected and prepared in accordance with Annex B are subjected to the
tests described in that annex, the test pieces shall withstand the test without fracture.
15. Manufacturer’s, supplier’s and purchaser’s retests

If any test sample fails to meet the tensile, elongation or rebend test requirements, two
additional test samples shall be taken from different wires of the same batch and subjected to
the test(s) in which the original sample failed. If both additional test samples pass the retests,
the batch from which they were taken shall be deemed to comply with this standard. If either
of them fails, the batch shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.
16. Packing and identification

The wire manufacturer shall ensure that each coil and bundle is securely tied with not less
than four binders, and shall attach to every coil or bundle a durable label(s) with the following
information:
a) the number of this standard, i.e. MS 144;
b) the name of the wire manufacturer;
c) the size of the wire;
d) any other markings as may be agreed upon between the wire manufacturer and the
purchaser;
e) the date of production;
f) hazard warnings (if applicable); and
g) handling instructions (if applicable).
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MS 144:2006
17. Verification of characteristic strength

17.1 Where the characteristic strength of the material is in dispute, it shall be verified by
selecting and testing three test specimens from different wires in the batch. If any one test
result is less than the characteristic strength specified, the requirements of 17.2 shall apply. If
the three valid tests results have an actual yield stress equal or greater than the characteristic
strength specified, the batch shall be deemed to comply with this standard.
17.2 When one or more of the test results in 17.1 fall below the characteristic strength
specified, ten specimens shall be selected from different wires in the batch.
If any one test results is less than 93 % of the characteristic strength specified in Table 3,
both the test specimen and the test method shall be carefully examined. If there is a local fault
in the specimen or reason to believe that an error has occurred in the test, the wires from
which the test specimens were taken shall be disregarded and the test result shall be ignored.
If the valid test results have an actual yield stress equal or greater than 93 % of the
characteristic strength specified, the batch shall be deemed to comply with this standard.
If one or more valid test result is less than 93 % of the characteristic strength specified, the
batch shall be deemed not to comply with this standard.
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MS 144:2006
Annex A
(normative)
Bond performance test for deformed wires
A1. Principle
The principle of the test is to show that deformed wires claimed to be equal to those satisfying
the classifications, will hold for a given time the specified characteristic strength in a pull-out
test with a free end slip not greater than 0.2 mm.
A2. Selection of test samples

The surface condition of the wire shall be no more than lightly rusted. For a range of sizes of
wires which are geometrically similar in shape, carry out the test on six straight specimens of
each of two sizes, one of which being the largest available size. The surface shape of the
wires to be tested shall comply with the manufacturer’s published specification, and shall be
as near to the minimum amount of deformation as is possible.
A3. Test prisms

For each of the specimens, prepare a concrete test prism as described below, having a
square cross-section of 150 mm side and length (in mm) of:
fyø
for deformed Type 1 wires; or
21
fyø
for deformed Type 2 wires
28
where,
2
fy is the specified characteristic strength of the steel (in N/mm ); and
ø is the nominal wire size (in mm).
Prepare the prisms using a mortar mix that gives concrete having cube strength of between
2 2
40 N/mm and 45 N/mm at the time of the pullout test.
Support the test wire so that it is rigidly embedded and passes completely through the prism
of concrete along its longitudinal axis. Reinforce the prism along the embedded length with a
helix of 6 mm diameter plain mild steel having a pitch of 25 mm, the outer diameter of the
helix being 5 mm less than the side of the square cross-section. A suitable mould is shown in
Figure A1.
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MS 144:2006
A4. Apparatus
Mount the test piece in a suitable testing device that allows the concrete prism to be held
rigidly while the wire is being pulled axially from the prism. Arrange the test piece such that
the end of the wire at which the pull is applied is that which projects from the top end of the
prism as cast. Place plaster bedding, or rubber or plywood packing, between the top end of
the prism and the surface of the testing device bearing on it.
Mount a suitable dial gauge in such a manner that the gauge records the relative slip between
the unloaded end of the wire and the bottom end of the prism as cast.
A5. Procedure
During a period of approximately 2 min, steadily increase the axial load in the wire protruding
from the top end of the prism until the tensile stress in the wire attains the specified
characteristic strength fy for the grade of steel from which the wires are made. Maintain this
stress for a further 2 min after which record the free end slip of the wire.
A6. Free end slip

If the average free end slip of the six wires tested exceeds 0.2 mm, they shall not qualify for
that classification.
A7. Test report

The test report shall include requirements which define the deformation of the wires tested.
10
11
Figure A1. Typical mould to be used for bond test
MS 144:2006
MS 144:2006
Annex B
(normative)
Inspection, testing and certification
B1. Manufacturer’s inspection

B1.1 When a test certificate is requested, it shall state:
a) that the material supplied complies with and has been tested at the frequency specified
in this standard; and
b) the address at which the record of test results is available for inspection.
In the case of material delivered to a supplier, the manufacturer shall issue a certificate
of routine testing stating:
a) the cast analysis;
b) the carbon equivalent value; and
c) the results of the tensile and rebend tests on samples taken from the material. The
tensile test results shall include cross-sectional area.
B1.2 Selection of test samples

The samples shall be at least 300 mm long.
Samples shall be selected from batches at a frequency of not less than one test sample as
stated in Table B1. If a batch comprises wires from more than one cast, at least one test
sample shall be selected to represent each cast.
Table B1. Batch for frequency of tensile and rebend test
Nominal wire size Tensile test Rebend test

(mm) (tonne/batch) (tonne/batch)
< 10 25 25
10 ≥ 35 35
B1.3 Conditioning of test pieces

Carry out the tensile and rebend tests described in B1.4 and B1.6 on straight wires in cold
worked condition without machining.
NOTE. At the option of the manufacturer or supplier and in order to simulate natural ageing, test samples may be
subjected to a temperature of up to 100 °C for a period between 30 min to 2 h, provided that rebend test samples are
so treated and the fact is recorded on the test sheets and certificates.
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MS 144:2006
B1.4. Tensile test
B1.4.1 Determine the tensile strength, yield stress and elongation of the steel by the
methods described in MS ISO 6892, except where otherwise stated below, but using a
recognised extensometer for the tests.
For elongation values, regard the test results as valid, irrespective of the position of the
fracture, provided that the minimum elongation specified has been obtained. Where the
minimum elongation specified is not obtained, discard the results of the test and consider the
test invalid if the distance between the fracture and the nearer gauge mark is less than one-
third of the gauge length, and if the relevant end of the gauge length used for assessing the
elongation is 2d or closer to the face of the testing machine grips, where d is the size of the
test piece.
NOTE. Elongation values for small size wires are sensitive to testing errors. Where a valid elongation value of 10
% or more is obtained, a retest is recommended. It is recommended that test pieces be slightly scribed at one-
diameter or 5 mm centres, whichever is more convenient, throughout their length, and that a gauge length be
selected that is as nearly symmetrical about the fracture as possible and is clear of the machine grips.
B1.4.2 Calculate the stresses using the effective cross-sectional area of the wire
determined by weighing as described in 6.3.
B1.5 Evaluation of tensile test results

B1.5.1 The following requirements on the individual values (x) and on the average value
(m) of the cast shall be met in assessing the characteristic strength.
a) x ≥ 0.93 x cv, where cv is the characteristic strength specified in Table 3.

2
b) m ≥ cv + a, where a = 10 N/mm .
NOTE. It is not necessary to assess the mean value m of the cast if all individual values of x are equal to or greater
than the characteristic strength cv.
B1.5.2 Each individual value for the tensile strength shall comply with the requirements of
14.1.3 and each individual value of the elongation shall comply with the requirements of
14.1.2.
B1.6 Rebend test

B1.6.1 The test shall be carried out on test pieces at ambient temperature in such a way
as to produce a continuous and uniform bending deformation (curvature) at every section of
the bend. The method of bending shall be one of the following:
a) on a bending machine in which the test piece is adequately supported by plain smooth
surfaces or rolls which do not offer resistance to the longitudinal movement of the test
piece; or
b) on a 3-point hydraulic bending machine.
Any machine shall be serviceable and capable of imparting constant loading to the specimen
and be without impact effect.
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MS 144:2006
The rate of application of the load shall not exceed three revolutions per minute or equivalent
if method b) is used.
B1.6.2 Subject the test pieces to the following sequence of operations:
a) Bend the test piece through 45° using one of the methods of bending specified in
B1.6.1 around a former of diameter equal to five times the nominal size of the wire.
b) Condition the test piece at 100 °C between 30 min to 2 h.
c) Allow the test pieces to cool to ambient temperature and bend it back, through at least
23°, towards its original shape (partially restraighten) by a steadily applied force using
the same machine as in a).
B1.6.3 In the event of failure, if there is any damage to the ribs caused by carrying out the
initial bending, the test shall be invalid.
B1.6.4 Damage to ribs can be avoided by the use of an aluminium insert placed between
the test piece and the former. The maximum thickness of the aluminium insert is to be 6 mm.
B2. Material covered by a third party product certification scheme

B2.1 Consistency of production
For the purpose of determining the consistency of the manufacturer’s production the long
term quality level shall be assessed at regular intervals. No conclusion regarding compliance
with this standard shall be made on the basis of this assessment.
B2.2 Determination of the long term quality level
B2.2.1 Extent of testing
The yield stress results obtained on all casts for each size shall be collated at intervals of 3
months or after at least 200 results have been obtained. These shall be used to determine the
long term quality level.
B2.2.2 Evaluation
The average value m, shall satisfy the following requirements:
m ≥ cv + kσ
where,
σ is the standard deviation of the population;

2
cv is the characteristic strength (in N/mm ); and
k is the acceptability index for which values are given in Table B2.
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MS 144:2006
B2.2.3 Test certificates
B2.2.3.1 Certificate of compliance
A certificate of compliance shall be issued by a supplier when requested. This shall state:
a) that the material supplied complies with and has been tested at the frequency specified
in this standard; and
b) the address at which the record of test results is available for inspection.
The certificate shall include the approval number issued by the recognised certification body.
B2.2.3.2 Manufacturer’s certificate
In the case of material delivered to a supplier, the manufacturer shall issue a certificate of
routine testing stating the following:
a) the cast number and cast analysis. The cast analysis shall include all specified
elements and those used for the calculation of the carbon equivalent value;
b) the carbon equivalent value; and
c) the individual results of the tensile and rebend test on specimens taken from the
material. The tensile test results shall include the effective cross-sectional area.
The certificate shall include the approval number issued by the recognised certification body.
15
MS 144:2006
Table B2. Acceptability index (k) as a function of the number (n) of the test results (for
a reliable failure rate of 5 % (pass = 0.95) at a probability of 90 % (1 – ∞ = 0.90)
n k
5 3.40
6 3.09
7 2.89
8 2.75
9 2.65
10 2.57
11 2.50
12 2.45
13 2.40
14 2.36
15 2.33
16 2.30
17 2.27
18 2.25
19 2.23
20 2.21
30 2.08
40 2.01
50 1.97
60 1.93
70 1.90
80 1.89
90 1.87
100 1.86
150 1.82
200 1.79
250 1.78
300 1.77
400 1.75
500 1.74
1 000 1.71
∞ 1.64
B3. Material not covered by a third party product certification scheme

B3.1 General
Material not covered by a third party product certification scheme shall be assessed by
acceptance tests on each batch. Sampling and testing shall be carried out by an organisation
independent of the producer at the producer’s works or in the stockholder’s yard.
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MS 144:2006
B3.2 Extent of sampling and testing
For the purpose of testing, the delivery is to be subdivided into test units with a maximum
mass of 100 t each. Each test unit shall consist of products of the same steel grade and the
same nominal diameter from the same cast. The manufacturer or supplier shall confirm in the
certification that all products in the test unit originate from one cast.
Test specimens shall be taken from each test unit as follows:
a) 15 test specimens (if appropriate 60 test specimens) from different bars for testing in
accordance with B3.3 a) and B3.3 b);
b) two test specimens from different bars for testing the chemical composition in the
product [see B3.3 c)].
The preparation of test specimens shall be carried out as described in Clause B1.
B3.3 Properties to be tested
The following properties are to be determined in testing the test specimens which have been
taken according to B3.2.
a) Inspection by variables:
i) tensile strength (Rm)
ii) yield point (Re)
iii) elongation after fracture (As)
b) Inspection by attributes:
i) behaviour in the rebend test
ii) deviations from the nominal cross-section
iii) bond test
c) Chemical composition according to the product analysis.
All elements listed in Clause 8 and the carbon equivalent are to be determined.
The test procedures shall be as described in Clause B1.
B3.4 Evaluation of the results
B3.4.1 Inspection by variables
Inspection by variables shall be carried out as follows.
a) The following indices are to be determined when testing for the properties listed in B3.3
a).
17
MS 144:2006
i) all individual values x of the 15 test specimens (n = 15);
ii) the mean value m15 (for n = 15); and
iii) the standard deviations S15 (for n = 15).
The test unit shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this standard if the condition
m15 – 2.33 x S15 ≥ cv is fulfilled by the characteristic strength
where,
x is as defined in B1.5.1;
m is as defined in B1.5.1;
n is the number of test specimens as given in Table B2;
2.33 is the value for the acceptability index k; and
cv is the characteristic strength specified in Table 3.
b) If the condition stated in B3.4.1 a) is not fulfilled, the secondary calculation of the
acceptability index
m15 - cv
k' =
S15
is to be determined from the test results available. Where k’ ≥ 2, testing can be continued. In
this case 45 further test specimens shall be taken and tested from different bars in the test
unit, so that a total of 60 test results are available (n = 60).
The test unit shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of this standard if the condition
m60 – 1.93 x S60 ≥ cv
is fulfilled for all properties (1.93 is the value for the acceptability index k for n = 60 in
accordance with Table B2).
Table B3. Test stress ranges for nominal bar sizes
Bar size Stress range

2
(mm) (N/mm )
Up to and including 16 200
Over 16 up to and including 20 185
18
MS 144:2006
B3.4.2 Inspection by attributes
Inspection by attributes shall be carried out as follows:
a) When testing the properties listed in B3.3 b) either all results determined on the 15 test
specimens shall comply with the requirements of this standard; or
b) If a maximum of 2 of the 15 results do not comply with the requirements of this

standard, 45 further test specimens shall be taken and tested from different bars in the
test unit, so that a total of 60 test results are available. The test unit shall be deemed to
comply with this standard if no more than 2 of the 60 test results do not comply with the
requirements of this standard.
B3.5 Test report
A test report shall contain the following data:
a) works producing the reinforcing steel;
b) nominal diameter;
c) grade of reinforcing steel;
d) marking on the reinforcing steel;
e) cast number;
f) date of testing;
g) mass of the test unit; and
h) the individual test results for all the properties specified in B3.3.
19
Acknowledgements
Ir Dr Abdul Majid Dato’ Abu Kassim Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

(Chairman)
Puan Lee Hooi Lan (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad
Encik Donny Lee Chee Hui Asia Wire Steel Manufacturers Sdn Bhd
Encik Yee Sen Tat/ Amsteel Mills Sdn Bhd
Encik Yap Kin Siong
Ir M. Ramuseren Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia
Encik Azman Idris IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd
Ir Dr Ismail Mohamed Taib Jabatan Kerja Raya

Encik Ng See Men Malayawata Steel Bhd
Encik Cheah Poh Kuen Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation
Encik Sai Swee Seong Master Builders Association Malaysia
Tuan Haji Jamaludin Mustafa Perwaja Steel Sdn Bhd
Puan Seri Banun Sujangi SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd
Puan Tan Bee Ee Southern PC Steel Sdn Bhd
Encik Yap Kong Lim Southern Steel Mesh Sdn Bhd
Ir Li Thang Fai The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia
Dr Iswadi Jauhari Universiti Malaya
Dr Azmi Ibrahim Universiti Teknologi MARA

MS 144-2006

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MALAYSIAN MS 144:2006

COLD REDUCED MILD STEEL WIRE FOR THE

DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA

© DSM 2006 - All rights reserved

The Department of Standards Malaysia (DSM) is the national standardisation and

The main function of the Department is to foster and promote standards,

Malaysian Standards are developed through consensus by committees which

The Department of Standards appoints SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop

For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact:

Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad

Tel: 60 3 88858000 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000

© DSM 2006 - All rights reserved

Committee representation ………………………………………………………………. iii

2 Normative references …………………………………………………………………….. 1

4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser ………………………………………….. 2

5 Preferred sizes .…………………………………………………………………………… 2

6 Cross-sectional area and mass ………………………………………………………… 2

7 Process of steel manufacture ..…………………………………………………………. 3

8 Chemical composition …………………………………………………………………… 4

10 Tolerances on cut length, mass and cross-sectional dimensions ..…………………. 5

11 Nominal sizes ………………..……………………………………………………………. 5

12 Bond classification of deformed wires ……….…………………………………………. 5

13 Routine inspection and testing ..…..……………………………………………………. 6

14 Mechanical properties ……………………………………………………………………. 6

15 Manufacturer’s, supplier’s and purchaser’s retests ..…………………………………. 7

16 Packing and identification ..………..……………………………………………………. 7

17 Verification of characteristic strength ..…………………………………………………. 8

1 Cross-sectional area and mass..…..……………………………………………………. 3

2 Chemical composition of steel..…………………………………………………………. 4

3 Minimum requirements for tensile properties of test pieces.…………………………. 6

B1 Batch for frequency of tensile and rebend test...………………………………………. 12

reliable failure rate of 5 % (pass = 0.95) at a probability of 90 %

B3 Test stress ranges for nominal bar sizes ……………………………………………… 18

Figure A1 Typical mould to be used for bond test………………….…………………………. 11

A Bond performance test for deformed wires………………….…………………………. 9

B Inspection, testing and certification…………………………..…………………………. 12

Association of Marine Industries of Malaysia

Malaysian Automotive Association

Amsteel Mills Sdn Bhd

Association of Consulting Engineers Malaysia

Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia

IKRAM QA Services Sdn Bhd

Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

Malayawata Steel Bhd

Malaysian Iron and Steel Industry Federation

Master Builders Association Malaysia

Perwaja Steel Sdn Bhd

SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat)

SIRIM QAS International Sdn Bhd

Southern PC Steel Sdn Bhd

Sounthern Steel Mesh Sdn Bhd

The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia

Universiti Teknologi MARA

Asia Wire Steel Mesh Manufacturers Sdn Bhd

Major modifications in this revision are as follows:

a) the inclusion of the definition on cast analysis in 3.3;

b) the inclusion of the definition on characteristic strength in 3.4;

c) the definition on yield stress has been rephrased in 3.10;

d) the nitrogen content in Clause 7 has been changed to 0.012 %;

h) Annex B has been revised.

This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 144:2001 (Second revision).

COLD REDUCED MILD STEEL WIRE FOR THE REINFORCEMENT OF

MS 145, Welded steel fabric for the reinforcement of concrete – Specification

MS ISO 6892, Metallic material – Tensile testing at ambient temperature