Sewage treatment plant

By
Badrivishal.A
Jerome
Mathan
Introduction
Sewage treatment is the process of
removing contaminants from municipal
wastewater, containing mainly
household sewage plus some industrial
wastewater. Physical, chemical, and
biological processes are used to remove
contaminants and produce treated
wastewater that is safe enough for
release into the environment.
Sewage treatment Process
Sewage treatment generally involves three
stages, called primary, secondary and
tertiarytreatment. Primary treatment
consists of temporarily holding the sewage
in a quiescent basin where heavy solids
can settle to the bottom while oil, grease
and lighter solids float to the surface.
Secondary treatment removes
dissolved and suspended
biological matter. Secondary
treatment is typically performed by
indigenous, water-borne
micro-organisms in a managed
habitat. Secondary treatment may
require a separation process to
remove the micro-organisms from
the treated water prior to
discharge or tertiary treatment.
Tertiary treatment is sometimes
defined as anything more than primary
and secondary treatment in order to
allow ejection into a highly sensitive or
fragile ecosystem

it can be used for the irrigation of a

golf course, greenway or park. If it
is sufficiently clean, it can also be
used for groundwater recharge or
agricultural purposes.
Types of Sewage Treatment Plants

Activated sludge plant (ASP)

Rotating disc system
Submerged aerated filter (SAF)
Suspended Media Filters (SMF)
Sequencing batch reactor(SBR)
Non-electric filter
Trickling filter.
Case study - I
SAN CLAUDIO WATER TREATMENT

Place: SAN CLAUDIO, SPAIN

Architects: Padilla Nicás Arquitectos

Year:2016Photographs:Mariela Apollonio

Manufacturers: Indelac, Cupano,

MaterialesGrupo Resaca, Cupanor
The project consists of the volumetric and
material definition for the new buildings to
be realized in the Extension of the
Sewage Treatment Plant of San Claudio,
near Oviedo; New buildings whose
position and function to perform within the
Station are established by the
Engineering and Hydraulics Project for
water treatment.
Being therefore fixed the positions of each element
and being known the needs of free heights in the
different parts of each building (according to hoists,
crane bridges, vertical pumps opening or accesses of
machinery and spare parts)

The objective is to provide the new Buildings of

volumes that respect the rural environment in which
they are located that meet the needs of use and
heights demanded, using materials of low cost and
simple maintenance.
We can distinguish two types of new
constructions: Small sized chests that serve as
an access point to underground pipelines.

They are three and are made in colored

concrete to facilitate their identification inside the
station.Buildings made in metal structure
supported on the large concrete vats in situ
through which circulates and is treated the
water. There are two, Pretreatment and
Reagents.
Case study - II
sewage treatment plant (STP) at
Okhla

● It is located in Okhla
in Delhi

● country’s largest
Sewage Treatment Plant
(STP) in Ok
The plant will treat the
wastewater that goes
into the Yamuna
directly.
The STP will remove
41,200 kg organic
pollutant load per day
and 61,600 kg solid
load per day on the
Yamuna.
It will cater to around 40 lakh residents
of Chandni Chowk, Kashmere Gate,
Daryaganj, NDMC areas, Lodhi
Colony, Nizamuddin, Okhla, Badarpur,
Kalkaji, Malviya Nagar, Katwaria
Sarai, Lajpat Nagar, Greater Kailash
and South Delhi – from Munirka to
Badarpur etc.
Screening
Bio reactor process
Clarifier Process
Clarifiers are settling
tanks built with
mechanical means for
continuous removal of
solids being deposited b
sedimentation
Disinfection Process
Water disinfection means
the removal, deactivation
or killing of pathogenic
microorganisms.
Microorganisms are
destroyed or deactivated,
resulting in termination of
growth and reproduction.
When microorganisms are
not removed from drinking
water, drinking water
usage will cause people to
fall ill.
Case study - III
DEER ISLAND SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
The Deer Island Waste Water Treatment
Plant (also known as Deer Island Sewage
Treatment Plant) is located on Deer Island,
one of the Boston Harbor Islands in Boston
Harbor. The plant is operated by the
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority
(MWRA) and began partial operations in
1995. The facility was fully operational in
2000 with the completion of the outfall
tunnel.
Wastewater from the 43 communities in the
Boston area served by the MWRA reaches the
plant through four tunnels. Three pump
stations with a combined capacity of 1270
million gallons per day (mgd) lift the
wastewater about 150 feet to primary
treatment clarifiers that use gravity to remove
about half of the pollutants. The next stage,
secondary treatment, uses pure oxygen to
activate microorganisms that consume organic
matter. Deer Island cryogenically generates
130 to 220 tons of oxygen per day for this
purpose.
 Sludge and scum from the primary and
secondary treatment stages are thickened and
fed to twelve 130 foot high egg-shaped
digesters. Methane gas produced by the
digestion process is burned to make steam
which is fed to a turbine that generates about 3
megawatts of electricity and provides heat for
the treatment processes and keeping buildings
warm. (Additional on-site power is generated
by two wind turbines.) Digested sludge is then
sent across the harbor via a tunnel to a
pelletizing plant at the Fore River Shipyard in
Quincy. The output is sold as fertilizer and
shipped to customers by rail and truck.
INFERENCE