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Math Fractions
Math Fractions
INSTRUCTION SHEET
CONVERSIONS
2
Mixed number – 4 (contains a whole number and a fraction)
3
14
Improper fraction - (numerator is larger than denominator)
3
1
Example #1: 3 = 3 × 8 + 1 = 25
8
25
8
4
Example #2: 4 = 4 × 9 + 4 = 40
9
40
9
47
2
Example #1: 5 = 47 ÷ 5 or 5 47 = 5
9
47
= 9
5
45
2
9 4 1
Example #2: = 2 9 = 2 9
8
= 4
2 2
1
C. Reducing Fractions
Step 1 – Find a number that will divide into both the numerator and the
denominator
Step 2 – Divide numerator and denominator by this number
10 2
Example #1: = (because both 10 and 15 are divisible by 5)
15 3
4 1
Example #2: = (because both 4 and 8 are divisible by 4)
8 2
2 2 8
Example #1: = becomes = because 12 ÷ 3 =
3 12 3 12
4
and 2 × 4 = 8
1 11 11
Example #2: 2 = becomes = becomes =
5 20 5 20 5
44
20
because 20 ÷ 5 = 4 and 11 × 4 = 44
Step 1 - Divide the numerator (the top number) by the denominator (the
bottom number) of the fraction.
Example: 5
8
.625
8 5.000 Add as many zeros as needed.
48
20
16
40
40
0
625 5
.625 = = reduces to
1000 8
(Hint: Your denominator will have the same number of zeros as there are decimal
digits in the decimal number you started with - .625 has three decimal digits so the
denominator will have three zeros before reductions.)
1 4 4 2
Example: × = which reduces to
7 6 42 21
1 1 7 3 21
Example: 2 × 1 = × = which then reduces to 3
3 2 3 2 6
1
2
*Note – When opposing numerators and denominators are divisible by a common number,
you may reduce the numerator and denominator before multiplying. In the above
example, after converting the mixed numbers to improper fractions, you will see that the 3
in the numerator and the opposing 3 in the denominator could have been reduced by
dividing both numbers by 3, resulting in the following reduced fraction:
7 31 7 1
× = = 3
13 2 2 2
I. Dividing Simple Fractions
1 2 1 3
Example: ÷ = becomes × which when solved is
8 3 8 2
3
16
3 5 15 17 15
Example: 3 ÷ 2 = becomes ÷ becomes ×
4 6 4 6 4
6
=
17
15 63 45
which when solved is × = which simplifies to 1
24 17 34
11
34
1 7
Example #1: + = Common denominator is 8 because both 2
2 8
and
8 will go into 8
1 4
=
2 8
7 7
+ =
8 8
11 3
which simplifies to 1
8 8
3 1
Example #2: 4 – = Common denominator is 20 because both 4
5 4
and 5 will go into 20
3 12
4 = 4
5 20
1 5
– =
4 20
7
4
20
1 1 1 8 9
Example #3: 2 = 2 = 12 + = 1
8 8 8 8 8
1 2 2 2
– 1 = 1 = 1 = 1
4 8 8 8
7
**
8
**Note – In this problem you must borrow from the whole number to adjust your
fraction so that you can subtract. However, you may do this problem another way.
Simply change the mixed number to improper form before finding the common
denominator to prevent having to borrow.
1 17 17
2 = =
8 8 8
1 5 10
– 1 = =
4 4 8
7
8
FRACTIONS
PRACTICE SHEET
1 1 2
1. 1 2. 4 3. 1 4. 2
8 5 3
3
16
5 1 5 4
5. 2 6. 2 7. 1 8. 3
7 16 8 5
1 2 5 1
9. 7 10. 5 11. 3 12. 6
4 3 6 2
10 19 25 9
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 2 3 8
25 35 7 21
5. 6. 7. 8.
16 4 3 8
4 12 17 48
9. 10. 11. 12.
2 7 4 9
6 21 18 12
1. 2. 3. 4.
32 35 24 15
5 9 14 8
5. 6. 7. 8.
30 27 49 32
12 16 8 10
5. 1 10. 2 11. 5 12. 3
21 20 14 25
3 ? 7 ? 5 ?
1. = 2. = 3. =
4 12 16 64 8 48
5 ?
4. =
9 72
2 ? 4 ? 1 ?
5. 5 = 6. 1 = 7. 1 =
3 12 5 10 4 12
3 ?
8. 2 =
5 10
2 1 4 5 7
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
3 8 5 6 16
9
6.
16
G. Multiply.
1 1 7 2 3 2 1
1. × = 2. × = 3. × = 4.
9 2 10 5 8 7 2
3
× =
16
3 2 7 4 15 1
5. × = 6. × = 7. × = 8.
4 3 16 3 64 12
2 5
× =
9 9
3 1 5 3 5
9. × 10 = 10. 1 × = 11. × = 12. 14 ×
4 2 6 16 12
3
=
8
1 1 1 1 1
13. × 1 = 14. 3 × = 15. 18 × 1 = 16. 16 ×
2 3 16 5 2
1
2 =
8
3 3 2 3 4 2 1
17. 6 × 1 = 18. 2 × 4 = 19. 4 × 4 = 20. 3 ×
8 5 3 8 9 4 8
2
2 =
5
H. Divide as shown.
1 1 2 1 8 2
1. ÷ = 2. ÷ = 3. ÷ =
2 4 5 2 3 3
2 1
4. ÷ =
9 3
1 4 3 6 4
5. 4 ÷ = 6. 8 ÷ = 7. 9 ÷ = 8. ÷ =
8 5 4 5 5
4 1 2 5 2 7
9. ÷ = 10. ÷ = 11. ÷ 4= 12. 14 ÷
11 11 7 9 3 8
=
5 3 1 1
13. 15 ÷ = 14. 8 ÷ = 15. 1 ÷1 = 16. 3
6 4 4 2
1
÷ 5 =
2
1 1 1 2 3 1 1
17. 6 ÷ 2 18. 5 ÷ 2 = 19. 2 ÷ 1 = 20. 3 ÷
4 2 3 3 4 8 5
5
1 =
7
I. Add or subtract as shown.
3 7 2 3 3 1
1. + = 2. + = 3. + =
8 8 3 4 32 8
3 5
4. + =
5 6
5 1 3 1 1 1 1
5. + = 6. + 1 = 7. + = 8. 2
8 10 8 4 4 5 8
1
+ 1 =
4
5 13 2 4 9 3 7
9. 1 + = 10. 2 + = 11. – = 12. –
8 16 3 9 10 16 8
1
=
2
11 1 5 1 7 3
13. – = 14. – = 15. – = 16. 1
16 4 6 5 8 10
1 3
– =
2 32
5 3 2 7 1 5 5 1
17. 5 – 2 = 18. 3 – 1 = 19. 2 – = 20. 4 – 1
6 9 3 8 4 6 6 2
=
3. Last Friday Tony worked for 7½ hours. Express this time as a fraction of the
day.
7
4. When an oil tank is 12 full, it contains 5¼ gallons. How many gallons does it
hold when full?
5. How many pieces of 10 516 inch bar can be cut from a stock 20 foot bar?
6. Byron purchased a box of candy at the store. On his way home he ate ¼ of the
candy in the box. At dinner with friends later that night he served ½ of what
was left. If there are 6 chocolates now left in the box, how many did the box
contain to start with?
7. Seth earns $560 per week. He has 1 5 of his income withheld for federal taxes,
1
15of his income withheld for state taxes, and 1 25 of his income withheld for
medical coverage. How much income is left each week after those deductions?
8. A bolt extends through ¾” thick plywood, a washer that is ⅛” thick, and a nut
that is 316 ” thick. The bolt should be ⅝” longer than the sum of the thickness
of the plywood, washer and nut. What is the minimum length of the bolt?
9. A recipe for French toast that serves 6 calls for ¾ cup granulated sugar, 1 cup of
evaporated milk, ⅓ teaspoon of vanilla, and 12 thick slices of French bread.
How much of each ingredient is needed to serve only three?
10. Boll’s Electrical has a washing machine on sale for ⅓ off the regular price of
$429. What is the sale price of the washing machine?
11. For a family party, Tanisha made 2 5 of the desserts. If a total of 40 desserts
were brought to the party, how many did Tanisha supply?
12. The price of computers has fallen by 2 5 . If the price of a computer was
originally $10,275, by how much has the price fallen?