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Multiplication and Division of Integers

The multiplication and division of integers are two of the basic operations
performed on integers. Multiplication of integers is the same as the repetitive addition
which means adding an integer a specific number of times. For example, 4 × 3 means
adding 4 three times, i.e., 4 + 4 + 4 = 12. Division of integers means equal grouping or
dividing an integer into a specific number of groups. For example, -6 ÷ 2 means dividing
-6 into 2 equal parts, which results in -3. Let us learn more about the multiplication and
division of integers in this article.

What is Multiplication and Division of Integers?

The four basic arithmetic operations associated with integers are:
 Addition of integers
 Subtraction of integers
 Multiplication of integers
 Division of integers

Multiplication and division of integers are the most important arithmetic

operations used often. Let us learn the multiplication and division of integers in detail.

Multiplication of Integers
Multiplication of integers is the process of repetitive addition including positive
and negative numbers or we can simply say integers. When we come to the case
multiplication of integers, the following cases must be considered:
 Multiplying 2 positive numbers
 Multiplying 2 negative numbers
 Multiplying 1 positive and 1 negative number

When you multiply integers with two positive signs, 

 Positive x Positive = Positive = 2 × 5 = 10.
When you multiply integers with two negative signs, 
 Negative x Negative = Positive = –2 × –3 = 6.
When you multiply integers with one negative sign and one positive sign, 
 Negative x Positive = Negative = –2 × 5 = –10.

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The following table will help you remember rules for multiplying integers:

Types of Integers Result Example

Both Integers Positive Positive 2 × 5 = 10

Both Integers Negative Positive –2 × –3 = 6

1 Positive and 1 Negative Negative –2 × 5 = –10

Example: Anna eats 4 cookies per day. How many cookies does she eat in 5 days? ⇒ 5 ×
4 = 20 cookies.

Multiplication of Integers Rules and Steps

Multiplication of integers is very similar to normal multiplication. However, since
integers deal with both negative and positive numbers, we have certain rules or
conditions to remember while multiplying integers as we saw in the previous section. Let
us look at the steps for multiplying integers.
 Step 1: Determine the absolute value of the numbers.
 Step 2: Find the product of the absolute values.
 Step 3: Once the product is obtained, determine the sign of the number according
to the rules or conditions.

Let us look at an example to understand the steps better. Multiply - 7 × 8.

Step 1: Determine the absolute value of - 7 and 8.
|-7| = 7 and |8| = 8.
Step 2: Find the product of the absolute value numbers 7 and 8.
7 × 8 = 56
Step 3: Determine the sign of the product according to the multiplication of
integers rules. According to the multiplication of integer rule, if a negative

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 number is multiplied with a positive number, then the product is a negative
number.
Therefore, - 7 × 8 = - 56.
Division of Integers
Division of integers involves the grouping of items. It includes both positive numbers
and negative numbers. Just like multiplication, the division of integers also involves the
same cases.
 Dividing 2 positive numbers
 Dividing 2 negative numbers
 Dividing 1 positive and 1 negative number

When you divide integers with two positive signs, 

 Positive ÷ Positive = Positive → 16 ÷ 8 = 2.
When you divide integers with two negative signs, 
 Negative ÷ Negative = Positive → –16 ÷ –8 = 2.
When you divide integers with one negative sign and one positive sign, 
 Negative ÷ Positive = Negative → –16 ÷ 8 = –2.

The following table will help you remember rules for dividing integers:

Types of Integers Result Example

Both Integers Positive Positive 16 ÷ 8 = 2

Both Integers Negative Positive –16 ÷ –8 = 2

1 Positive and 1 Negative Negative –16 ÷ 8 = –2

To sum it all up and to make everything easy, the two most important things to remember
when you are multiplying integers or dividing integers are:
 When the signs are different, the answer is always negative.
 When the signs are the same, the answer is always positive.

Multiplication and Division of Integers Examples

Few examples of multiplication and division of integers are shown in the table given
below:

Multiplication Division

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 4×2=8 15 ÷ 3 = 5
4 × -2 = -8 15 ÷ –3 = –5
-4 × 2 = -8 –15 ÷ 3 = –5
-4 × -2 = 8 –15 ÷ –3 = 5
Properties of Multiplication and Division of Integers
Multiplication and division of integers properties help us to identify the
relationship between two or more integers when they are linked by multiplication or
division operation between them. There are a few properties associated with the
multiplication and division of integers.

Properties related to multiplication and division of integers are listed below:

 Closure Property
 Commutative Property
 Associative Property
 Distributive Property
 Identity Property

Let's understand each property in relation to the division and multiplication of integers in
detail.

Closure Property of Multiplication of Integers

The closure property states that the set is closed for any mathematical operation. Integers
are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication. However, they are not closed
under division.

Operation Example
a × b is an integer 2 × –6= –12
a ÷ b not always an integer –3/4 is a fraction

Multiplication of Integers Commutative Property

According to the commutative property, interchanging the positions of operands in an

operation does not affect the result. The addition and multiplication of integers follow the
commutative property, while the division of integers does not hold this property.

Operation Example

a×b=b×a 5 × (–6) and (–6) × 5 = –30

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 a÷b≠b÷a 15 ÷ 3 = 5 but 3 ÷ 15 = 1/5

Associative Property of Multiplication of Integers

According to the associative property, changing the grouping of integers does not alter
the result of the operation. The associative property applies to the addition and
multiplication of two integers but not in the case of the division of integers.

Operation Example
(5 × –3) × 2 = –30
(a × b) × c = a × (b × c)
5 × (–3 × 2) = –30
(a ÷ b) ÷ c ≠ a ÷ (b ÷ c) (20 ÷ 5) ÷ 2 = 2 but 20 ÷ (5 ÷ 2) = 8

Distributive Property of Multiplication of Integers

Distributive property states that for any expression of the form a (b + c), which means a ×
(b + c), operand a can be distributed among operands b and c as (a × b + a × c) i.e., a × (b
+ c) = a × b + a × c. Multiplication of integers is distributive over addition and
subtraction. The distributive property does not hold true for the division of integers.

Operation Example
4 × (–3 + 6) =12
a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c)
(4 × –3) + (4 × 6) = 12
2 × (5 – 3) = 4
a × (b – c) = (a × b) – (a × c)
(2 × 5) – (2 × 3) = 4

Identity Property of Multiplication of Integers

In the case of the multiplication of integers, 1 is the multiplicative identity. There is no

identity element in the case of the division of integers.

Identity Under Addition is 0 Identity Under Multiplication is 1

For any integer a, a + 0 = 0 + a = a For any integer a, 1 × a = a × 1 = a

For example, 8 + 0 = 0 + 8 = 8 For example, (– 4) × 1 = 1 × (– 4) = – 4

Multiplication and Division of Integers Tips and Tricks:

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  There is neither the smallest integer nor the biggest integer.
 The smallest positive integer is 1 and the greatest negative integer is -1.
 PEMDAS rule applies for operations on integers. “Operations” are any of the
following: Brackets, Squares, Powers, Square Roots, Division, Multiplication,
Addition, and Subtraction.

Multiplication and Division of Integers

Examples of Division and Multiplication of Integers

 Example 1: Solve the given expression by using the division of integers rules:
(–20) ÷ (–5) ÷ (–2).
Solution:
Here, we must divide three integers, so we will follow the BODMAS rule here as there is
more than one operation in this expression. The first step is (–20 ÷ –5). Now, by dividing
-20 by -5, we get 4 as the answer. 4 is a positive integer, as negative ÷ negative =
positive. So, the new expression is (4) ÷ (–2). Now, if we divide 4 by -2, we get -2, as
positive ÷ negative = negative. Therefore, (–20) ÷ (–5) ÷ (–2) = –2.
 Example 2: A test has 20 questions. Correct answers get +3 and incorrect
answers -1. A student answered 5 questions incorrectly. How many points did
the student score?
Solution:
To solve this question, we will be using the concept of rules for the multiplication of
integers. If 1 answer is correct, 3 points are awarded. Thus, for 15 correct answers, points
acquired will be 15 × 3 = 45. If 1 answer is incorrect, -1 point is given. Thus, for 5
incorrect answers, points will be (5 × -1) = -5. Subsequently, the points scored by the
student will be 45 - 5 = 40. Therefore, the final score is 40 points.
 Example 3: Help Jane solve the equation by using one of the properties of
multiplication of integers. (35) × (101).
Solution:
Given, (35) × (101), which can rewrite as (35) × (100 + 1). By using the distributive
property,
(35 × 100) + (35 × 1)
= 3500 + 35
= 3535
Therefore, the value of (35) × (101) = 3535.

FAQS ON MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF INTEGERS

What is Multiplication of Integers?
Multiplication of integers is the repetitive addition of numbers which means that a
number is added to itself a specific number of times. For example, 4 × 2, which means 4
is added two times. This implies, 4 + 4 = 4 × 2 = 8.

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What are the Properties of Multiplication of Integers with Examples?
The properties of multiplication of integers are given below:
 Closure property → -2 × 3 = -6, where -2, 3, and -6 are integers.
 Associative property → (2 × 3) × (-9) = 2 × (3 × -9) = -54.
 Commutative property → -4 × -7 = -7 × -4 = 28.
 Distributive property → 3 × (-4 + 2) = (3 × -4) + (3 × 2) = -6.
 Identity element → 3 × 1 = 1 × 3 = 3. 1 is the identity element.

What are the Rules for Multiplication and Division of Integers?

The basic rules for division and multiplication of integers are given below:
 Multiplication or division of two numbers with the same sign results in a positive
number.
 Multiplication or division of two numbers with opposite signs results in a negative
number.

What are the Properties of Division of Integers?

The properties of the division of integers are given below:
 If we divide 0 by any non-zero integer, the answer will always be 0. It can be
mathematically expressed as 0 ÷ a = 0.
 Any integer divided by itself results in 1. This implies, a ÷ a = 1.
 When an integer is divided by another integer, then it satisfies the division
algorithm which says 'dividend = divisor × quotient + remainder'.
 When an integer is divided by 1, the result is always the integer itself. For
example, -5 ÷ 1 = -5.

What is the Rule of Division of Integers?

The rules for the division of integers are given below:
 Positive ÷ positive = positive
 Negative ÷ negative = positive
 Negative ÷ positive = negative

How do you Multiply Integers?

While multiplying integers, follow this trick to easily get the answer:
 Multiply without the negative sign.
 If both the integers are negative or both are positive, the product will be positive.
 If one integer is positive and the other is negative, the product will be negative.

How do you Multiply Multiple Integers?

If there are more than two integers, then follow these simple steps to multiply them:
 Multiply without the negative sign.
 The sign of the final answer can be determined by the number of negative signs.
 If the total number of negative signs is even, the final answer will be positive.
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  If the total number of negative signs is odd, the final answer will be negative.

What are the Four Rules for Multiplying Integers?

Four rules of multiplying integers are stated below:
 Rule 1: Positive × Positive = Positive
 Rule 2: Positive × Negative = Negative
 Rule 3: Negative × Positive = Negative
 Rule 4: Negative × Negative = Positive

How do you Multiply a Positive and Negative Integer?

When we have two integers, one positive and one negative, follow these simple steps to
get their product:
 Multiply without the negative sign.
 Add the negative sign to the answer to get the final answer.

Reference/s:
https://www.cuemath.com/parent/signup/?custom=top-card-learn-for-free&intent=learn-
for-free&referrer=%2Fnumbers%2Fmultiplication-and-division-of-integers%2F

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Name: Score:
Level: Date:
LS 3 – Mathematical and Problem-Solving Skills

Multiplication and Division of Integers

 Apply knowledge of multiplication and division of integers to solve daily problems

 LS3MP-NN-PSB-JHS-148
PRETEST
Multiplying Integers
1) 9 x 3 = __________ 2) (–7) x (–5) = __________

3) (–2) x 4 = __________ 4) 1 x (–11) = __________

5) (–6) x (–10) = __________ 6) (–4) x 5 = __________

7) 13 x 2 = __________ 8) 15 x (–1) = __________

9) (–9) x 8 = __________ 10) (–12) x (–3) = __________

11) 15 x 4 = __________ 12) 7 x (–8) = __________

13) 6 x (–3) = __________ 14) (–11) x 10 = __________

15) 0 x (–14) = __________ 16) (–5) x (–9) = __________

Dividing Integers:
1) (–30) ÷ 2 = __________ 2) 100 ÷ 10 = __________

3) 52 ÷ (–4) = __________ 4) (–63) ÷ (–9) = __________

5) (–84) ÷ (–7) __________ 6) (–99) ÷ 3 = __________

7) 56 ÷ 8 = __________ 8) 77 ÷ (–11) = __________

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9) (–90) ÷ (–5) = __________ 10) (–39) ÷ 13 = __________

11) 72 ÷ (–12) = __________ 12) (–45) ÷ 15 = __________

13) 28 ÷ 14 = __________ 14) (–6) ÷ 6 = __________

15) 3 ÷ (–1) = __________ 16) (–24) ÷ (–8) = __________

Name: Score:
Level: Date:
LS 3 – Mathematical and Problem-Solving Skills

Multiplication and Division of Integers

 Apply knowledge of multiplication and division of integers to solve daily problems

 LS3MP-NN-PSB-JHS-148

Activity 1

Multiply the following. Follow the steps indicated earlier.

1. (–5) × (+6) = _______

2. (+8) × (–4) = _______

3. (+6) × (–6) = _______

4. (–7) × (+3) = _______

5. (+4) × (–9) = _______

Multiply the following. Follow the steps. Write your answers on the blanks.

1. (–8) × (+5) = __________

2. (+17) × (+3) = __________

3. (–20) × (–5) = __________

4. (+25) × (–5) = __________

5. (–10) × (+6) = __________

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6. 64 7. - 18 8. -15
× (–4) x (+9) x (-4)

9. - 56 10. - 96
x (-3) x (-2)

Name: Score:
Level: Date:
LS 3 – Mathematical and Problem-Solving Skills

Multiplication and Division of Integers

 Apply knowledge of multiplication and division of integers to solve daily problems

 LS3MP-NN-PSB-JHS-148

Activity 2

Divide the following. Follow the steps.

1. (–18) ÷ (+9) = __________
2. (+25) ÷ (–5) = __________
3. (–36) ÷ (+4) = __________
4. (–63) ÷ (+7) = __________
5. (+54) ÷ (–9) = __________

Divide the following. Follow the steps. Write your answers on the blanks.
1. (–14) ÷ (–7) = _______
2. (+15) ÷ (–3) = _______
3. (+25) ÷ (+5) = _______
4. (+35) ÷ (–7) = _______
5. (+42) ÷ (–6) = _______
6. (– 18) ÷ (– 9) = _______
7. 56 ÷ 8 = __________
8. (+45) ÷ (– 5) = __________
9. (+64) ÷ (– 8) = __________

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 10. 48 ÷ 6 = __________

Name: Score:
Level: Date:
LS 3 – Mathematical and Problem-Solving Skills
Multiplication and Division of Integers
 Apply knowledge of multiplication and division of integers to solve daily problems
 LS3MP-NN-PSB-JHS-148

POST TEST
Solve the following using the indicated operations: Write your answer on the space provided:

1) 33 x -46 = ______ 1) 3328 ÷ 64 = ________

2) 60 x -84 = ______ 2) 1508 ÷ 29 = ________

3) 45 x 11 = ______ 3) -3431 ÷ 73 = ________

4) 29 x 60 = ______ 4) -6966 ÷ -86 =________

5) -51 x 39 = ______ 5) 18 ÷ 2 = __________

6) -4 x -74 = ______ 6) 624 ÷ 48 = _________

7) -74 x 48 = ______ 7) 8118 ÷ -99 = ________

8) 26 x 45 = ______ 8) 228 ÷ 19 = _________

9) 76 x 65 = ______ 9) -8091 ÷ 93 = ________

10) -21 x 25 = ______ 10) -280 ÷ -40 = ________

11) 28 x 61 = ______ 11) -4698 ÷ 58 = ________

12) -11 x 37 = ______ 12) -693 ÷ 77 = ________

13) 3306 ÷ 38 = _________

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14) 924 ÷ 21 = ________

15) -2880 ÷ 40 = ________

13) 17 x 26 = ______

14) -18 x 24 = ______

15) 82 x 84 = ______

16) 48 x 85 = ______

Answer Key

Activity 1 Activity 2
Let’s Try This (page 25) Divide the following.
1. -30 1. – 2
2. -32 2. –5
3. -36 3. –9
4. -21 4. –9
5. -36 5. –6
.

Activity 1 Activity 2
Let’s Review (pages 25- Divide the following
26) 1. (–14) ÷ (–7) = + 2
1. – 40 2. (+15) ÷ (–3) = – 5
2. +51 3. (+25) ÷ (+5) = + 5
3. +100 4. (+35) ÷ (–7) = – 5
4. – 125 5. (+42) ÷ (–6) = – 7
5. – 60 6. (– 18) ÷ (– 9) = + 2
6. – 256 7. 56 ÷ 8 = + 7
7. – 162 8. (+45) ÷ (– 5) = – 9
8. +60 9. (+64) ÷ (– 8) = – 8
9. +168 10. 48 ÷ 6 = +8
10. +192

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