PROJECT SEMINAR ON-

“EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE USE OF COCONUT

SHELL AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE IN
CONCRETE’’

PRESENTED BY-
NIKHIL
UNDER M. DOFE
THE GUIDANCE OF

GUIDE CO - GUIDE
MR. R. S. KEDAR MS. S. 0. ROKHADE
Associate Professor Assistant Professor

M.Tech Structural Engineering,

Department of Civil Engineering,
Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering,
Sewagram, Wardha.
2022 - 2023
CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. NEED OF STUDY
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
5. AIM & OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
6. METHODOLOGY
7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
8. CHAPTER SHCHEME
9. REFERENCE
10. PLAN OF WORK
1. ABSTRACT

The cost of traditional materials used in the concrete is the major factor which is
increasing cost of constructions, so it is necessary to research for alternative
construction materials. In this experimental investigation, the coconut shell used
as a light weight aggregate in concrete, the properties of coconut shell concrete
examined, Control concrete with normal aggregate and coarse aggregate concrete
with 10 – 30% coarse aggregate replacement with coarse aggregate.
The project also aims to show that Coconut shell aggregate is a potential
construction material and simultaneously reduces the disposing the wastes. Cubes
are casted, tested and their physical and mechanical properties are determined.
The main objective is to encourage the use of these seemingly waste products as
construction materials in low-cost constructions.
2. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a composite material which composed of aggregates, cement and water.
Concrete is used more than any other manmade material in the world. In addition,
concrete is the 2nd most consumed substance in the world- behind water. About 7.23
billion tons of concrete is produced every year. Annual production represents one ton
for every person on the planet. Production of concrete is increasing due to high growth
of infrastructure development and construction activities in the world , Production of
concrete demands its constituents like aggregates, cement, water and admixtures.
Sources of conventional aggregates occupy the major part of the concrete. The large-
scale production of concrete in construction activities using conventional coarse
aggregate
Concrete
Is a constructional material composed of cement, fine aggregates and coarse aggregates
mixed with water which hardens with time. In a building construction, concrete is used
for the construction of foundations, columns, beams, slabs and other load bearing
elements
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate should be hard, durable and clean and be free from organic matter etc.
Locally available river sand is used as fine aggregate in the concrete mixes in the
experiment which is passing through 4.75mm IS sieve and retained on 75 microns IS
sieve.

Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregates of maximum size 20 mm were used as coarse aggregate. We are
conducting tests on coarse aggregate are fineness, specific gravity, water absorption,
impact test.

Coconut Shell
Coconut shells which were already broken into two pieces were collected from the hotels
nearby and college canteen and air dried for five days approximately at the temperature
of 25 to 100C; removed fiber and husk on dried shells; further broken the shells into
small chips manually using hammer and sieved through 20mm sieve.
3. NEED OF THIS STUDY
The use of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete has never been a usual practice
among the average citizens, particularly in areas where light weight concrete is required
for non-load bearing walls, non-structural floors, and strip footings. Although coarse
aggregate usually takes about 30% of the overall self-weight of concrete. The cost of
construction materials is increasing day by day because of high demand. From the
standpoint of energy saving and conservation of natural resources. For this, the extensive
research and development works towards exploring new ingredients are required for
producing sustainable and environment friendly construction material. Coconut shell
represents more than 60% of the domestic waste volume. Coconut shell, which presents
serious disposal problems for local environment. This will have the double advantage of
reduction in the cost of construction material and also as a means of disposal of wastes.
 4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Author Name Year of Description
No. Publication
1. Satish shinde, 2016 They replaced M 20 grade concrete by coconut shell as a
Ramiz sayed coarse cluster. Concrete made by replacing 10%,15% of coarse
mixture by coconut shell earned by 28 days confining strength
and ductile strength.

2. Maninder Kaur 2012 It was observed that Concrete using coconut shell aggregates
resulted in acceptable strength required for structural concrete.
The coconut shell-cement composite is compatible and no pre-
treatment is required. The impact resistance of coconut shell
concrete is high. Moisture retaining and water absorbing
capacity of coconut shell are high.

3. Amarnath 2012 They concluded that increase in CS percentage decreased

Yerramala densities of the concrete and with CS percentage increased the
7 days strength gain also increased with corresponding 28 days
curing strength.
Sr. Author Name Year of Description
No. Publication
4. Akshay S. Shelke 2014 The coconut shell can be grouped under light weight aggregate.
The 28-day air dry densities of coconut shell aggregate are less
than 2000kg/m3 and these are within the range of structural
light weight concrete. Coconut shell concrete satisfies the
requirements of ASTM C 330.
5. Sanjay kumar 2019 The investigation 0f use of coconut shell as partially
substitution of coarse aggregate. In this work compressive
strength of M20 grade had been concentrated by swapping
natural coarse aggregate. This consequence indicates that
coconut shell concrete can be used as a mild weight concrete.
6. Maninder Kaur - Use of coconut shells in cement concrete can help in waste
and Manpreet Kaur reduction and pollution reduction. The need of the hour is to
encourage the use of the waste products as construction
materials in low-cost housing. It is also expected to serve the
purpose of encouraging housing developers in investing these
materials in house construction.
Sr. Author Name Year of Description
No. Publication
7. Dr. B. Rajeevan 2019 The coconut shell exhibit more resistance against crushing,
impact and abrasion compared to conventional aggregate. So
there is no need to treat the coconut shell before use as an
aggregate and Coconut shell has potential as light weight
aggregate in concrete. Also, using the coconut shell as
aggregate in concrete can reduce the material cost in
construction. Because of low cost &its availability

8. Lopa M..Shinde 2015 They recommended to promote sustainable development of the

structure in order to lower the impact of the environment .It
highly issues the concern about recycling the material in order
to lower the burden on natural resources.
9. K Gunasegaram 2011 The impact resistance of coconut shell aggregate concrete is
high when compared with conventional concrete. So, it can be
used as flexural members. The experimental bond strength of
coconut shell aggregate concrete is much higher compared to
the theoretical bond strength as stipulated by IS456:2000.
Sr. Author Name Year of Description
No. Publication
10. Kabiru Usman 2010 Coconut shell as full replacement of coarse aggregate in
Rogo concrete for nominal mix of M20 (1:1.5:3) achieve 55%
compressive strength of control concrete and which can be
used for plain cement concrete. The flakiness index is six times
greater for coconut shell when compared with gravel.
11. S. A. Kakade 2015 The presence of sugar content in the coconut shell, does not
affect the setting and strength of concrete as long as it is not in
a sugar free form and the conventional increase in strength
indicates that the coconut shell aggregate does not deteriorate
once coconut shell aggregates are capsulated into the concrete
matrix. Also the coconut shell aggregate have higher water
absorption because of higher porosity in its shell structure. The
aggregate impact value of coconut shell aggregates are much
lower compared to crushed stone aggregate which indicates
that aggregates have good absorbance to shock. The study
concluded that cost of producing concrete can be reduced up to
48%.
5. AIM & OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
Aim:-

The aim of study is to evaluate the performance and suitability of coconut shell in
M25 concrete as alternative for coarse aggregate.

OBJECTIVE:-

1. To perform the test on coconut shell.

2. To find the proper design mix using coconut shell.
3. To find the Compressive strength, tensile strength , and flexural strength.
4. To prepare light-weight concrete by using coconut shell as coarse aggregate.
5. To find cost-effective solution regarding construction material.
6. To suggest the optimum percentage replacement of coconut shell.
6. METHODOLOGY
1. Materials used:-
a) Cement
b) Fine aggregate
c) Coarse aggregate
d) Coconut shell

2. Material and grade of mix: -

a) Selection of type of grade of mix, mix design by an appropriate method, trial mixes final
mix proportions

b) Easting total quantity of concrete required for the whole project work.

c) Easting quantity of cement, fine aggregate, Coarse aggregate, coconut shells required for
the Experimental work.
d) Testing of properties of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and coconut shells.
3. Production of concrete mixes: -

Production of mix (normal concrete of grade M- 25) in the laboratory is carried out by IS
method of concrete mix design (IS 10262-1982). Coconut shell concrete is produced by adding
coconut shells in different percentage (i.e., 0% to 30%) replacement in concrete.

4. Test on Ingredients: -

Materials the ingredients of concrete i.e., cement, fine aggregate, and fine aggregate, coconut
shells are tested before producing concrete. The respective Indian standard codes are followed
for conducting various
7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
STUDY ON LITERATURE REVIEW

COLLECTION OF MATERIAL

CUBE CASTING

CURING

TESTING

RESULT

CONCLUSION
8. CHAPTER SCHEME
Chapter 1 :- Introduction
The cost of traditional materials used in the concrete is the major factor which is increasing cost of
constructions, so it is necessary to research for alternative construction materials.
Chapter 2 :- Literature Review
They conclude that coconut shells in cement concrete can help in waste reduction and pollution
reduction, increasing the compressive strength in concrete.
Chapter 3 :- Aim & Objective
a) Aim:- to find cost-effective solution regarding high construction material.
b) Objective:- to make sustainable concrete with more economical for constructions.
Chapter 5 :- Testing and Instigations
Chapter 6 :- Result and Observation
Chapter 7 :- Discussion and Conclusion
Chapter 8 :- Publication
Chapter 9 :- References
9. REFERENCES
[1] BIS 383: 1970 Coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete 9th Revision, BIS, New
Delhi, 1970. 10.

[2] IS 456:2000, “Indian Standard for Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice, Bureau of
Indian Standard”, NewDelh

[3] IS: 8112-1989, 43 Grade Ordinary Portland cement Specification, Bureau of Indian Standards, New
Delhi. 9.

[4] IS: 10262-1982, Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi. 11.

[5] M.S.Shetty (1982) “Concrete Technology-Theory and Practice”, First Multicolour Illustrative
Revised Edition 2005, ISBN : 81-219-0003-4
[6] Abdulfatah Abubakar and Muhammed Saleh Abubakar, Exploratory Study of Coconut Shell as
Coarse Aggregate in Concrete, Journal of Engineering & Applied sciences, vol.3, December 2011.
[7] Adeyemi AY.,(1998) ,“ An investigation into the suitability of coconut shells as aggregates in
concrete production”, Journal of Environment, Design and Management.

[8] C. B. Gopal, and K. B. Ranjan, Effect of Coconut Shell Aggregate on Normal Strength Concrete,
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, Vol. 2 Issue 6, June 2013, pp: 2405 -
2415.

[9] O. Kabiru, and A. Saleh, Exploratory study of coconut shell as coarse aggregate in concrete, Journal
of engineering and applied sciences, Vol. 2, December 2010.

[10] K. Gunasekaran, and P. S. Kumar, Lightweight Concrete using Coconut Shells as Aggregate,
Proceedings, International Conference on "Innovations in Building Materials, Structural Designs and
Construction Practices (IBMSDCP-2008), 15-17 May 2008, pp.375-382.

[11] K. Gunasekaran, Utilization of Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate in the Development of

Lightweight Concrete, PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur,
2011.

[12] Maninder Kaur & Manpreet Kaur, Review on Utilization Of Coconut Shell As Coarse Aggregates
in Mass Concrete, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol.7, Issue 11, 2012.
10.PLAN OF WORK