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Mariano PSS 222 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Political Data

AB Political Science 2-1 February 3. 2020

The Political Ideology: Undefeated Corruption

Introduction
Corruption comes from the latin word "rumpere", meaning "to break", and for a long time the
Philippines was devastated. Corruption breaks our dreams, and even the respect of others, we're
living now in the place were corruption is merely normal activity of a politician. The reason why
weren't taking the challenge of tomorrow, and the reason why we are behind.

According to studuco corruption can affect a good governance and transform it to become weak
and prone. The Philippines fall, because of this political activity and we can recover if find the
cause and root of this political activity, and if we find out the history of corruption, then we can
totally remove it and take away from the political norms.

Currently, the Philippines as of 2019 in global ranking in terms of corruption, out of 180 countries
the native land placed 113 according to 2019 Corruption Perception Index reported by
Transparency International. The country is facing one of its weaknesses that can ruin the entire
system of it, ignoring the fact that it serves like dagger to every Filipinos heart, stabbing the
Philippines nationally.

Description of the study

This study will have three main focus, first is the reason, why there is corruption. Second, what is
the effects of corruption. And last, what are the preventions of corruption.

Background of the study

Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It can be classified as grand, petty and
political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs (Transparency
International, n.d). Corruption destroys the beauty and ruling power of a government, it limits the
capacity of one country to develop itself. Regarding with this activity it involves the presence of a
politicians, because we're specifically centered into Political World nor Political Ideology. In the
Philippines corruption is every where, we experience this kind of political ideology for a decade,
up until now. A personal experience was the main reason of researcher in conducting this study.

Statement of the problem

This study determines The History of Corruption In The Philippines. The problems focuses on the
root of Corruption in the Philippines, which created the fruit. The specific question that the
researcher aims to answer are the following:

1. What are the reasons behind political corruption?

2. What are the main effects of corruption in a government?
3. What are the preventions to limit corruption in the government?
Expected output
Determine the three main focus of this study, which is the reason, effects and how to prevent it to
limit the damage.

Methodology
This chapter will discuss the method that will in the collection and analysis of data to answer the
objectives of the study.

Research Design
In this study, the researcher used qualitative research method and respondents is chosen based on
their willingness.

Research Instruments
Academic journals, essays, thesis studies and reports are the instruments used by the researcher to
give necessary information that will support this study

Respondents of the Study

This study will only include 10 students of Isabela State University Cauayan Campus

Data Gathering Procedure

A. Make an interview guideline
B. Validate the guideline
C. Gather consent from the respondents before the interview
D. Start a formal interview to the selected respondents
E. Analyze and evaluate the collected qualitative data
Related literature

The reason behind corruption is poor education (the absence of moral values, as well as level of
self-conscience, as well as at lower levels – group, family, religious, media etc.) The reason
behind corruption is the desire for better way of life (the desire for better material and spiritual
satisfaction of the needs of the individual should. The reason behind corruption is political
demagogy (the absence of effective public and media control on politicians when it comes to
monitoring the process of “promised-done”. The reason behind corruption is uncontrollable
power (Postulate that is not challenged by anybody. The foundations of the democratic legal
state are about balance and mutual control of the individual authorities) (Terviez, 2017).

According to Gould and Reyes (1983), Government monopoly of economic activities, combined
with conditions of political" softness," widespread poverty and socioeconomic Inequalities,
ambivalence toward the legitimacy of governmental organizations, and systematic
maladministration may be particularly conducive to corruption as well.
According to Banerjee, Mullainathan, Hanna (2012), we define corruption as the breaking of
a rule by a bureaucrat (or an elected official) for private gain. This definition includes the most
obvious type of corruption—a bureaucrat taking an overt monetary bribe to bend a rule, thereby
providing a service to someone that he was not supposed to.

Since Africa became corrupt, part of the solution is to understand what caused that change so
that the causal factors can be reversed. For example, both widespread economic regulation and
weak checks on the performance of public sector employees encouraged corruption. However,
once corruption becomes normal, reversing the policies that caused it is not enough. The society
needs a ‘big push’ to shock it out of a high‐corruption equilibrium (Collier, 2002).

According to Transparency International, effective law enforcement is essential to ensure the

corrupt are punished and break the cycle of impunity, or freedom from punishment or
loss. Countries successful at curbing corruption have a long tradition of government openness,
freedom of the press, transparency and access to information. Access to information increases
the responsiveness of government bodies, while simultaneously having a positive effect on the
levels of public participation in a country. Strengthening citizens demand for anti-corruption and
empowering them to hold government accountable is a sustainable approach that helps to build
mutual trust between citizens and government. For example, community monitoring initiatives
have in some cases contributed to the detection of corruption, reduced leakages of funds, and
improved the quantity and quality of public services. Without access to the international financial
system, corrupt public officials throughout the world would not be able to launder and hide the
proceeds of looted state assets. Major financial centers urgently need to put in place ways to stop
their banks and cooperating offshore financial centers from absorbing illicit flows of money.
According to OECD (n.d), ensuring that corruption is systematically and appropriately sanctioned.
Strong frameworks to encourage firms and individuals to play by the rules are of only limited use
if corrupt behaviour by firms and individuals is not adequately sanctioned. OECD analysis shows
that in jurisdictions with weak sanctions, foreign bribery can be seen as an attractive 'investment'
(OECD, 2014a). For anti-corruption legislation to be effective, sanctions must be proportionate
and dissuasive, and bribes and the proceeds of bribes must be subject to confiscation. In addition,
investigations and prosecutions of bribery cases should be independent from considerations of
national economic interest, the potential effect upon relations with another state, and the identity
of the individuals or companies involved.

Annotated Bibliography
__________________

Terviez, V. (2018, April 18). Essence and Reasons for the Manifestation and Basic Areas of Corruption and
Government Structures for Corruption Counteraction in Bulgaria . Retrieved from
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3154315

Terviez, writes that, the reason behind corruption is poor education, uncontrolled power, the desire
for way better life and etc. This idea is supported by better research here than in others article
that I found. This study have the credibility to boost or nurture my research paper.
__________________

OECD (n.d.) Putting an end to corruption. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/

OECD, writes that, to reduce corruption we must inflict sanctions to draw a line and indicates
that there has a limit. This idea is supported by better research here than in others article that I
found. This article is very important to me as I determine the following prevention to political
corruption.
__________________

Gould, D., & Reyes, J. (1983). The effects of corruption on administrative performance : illustrations from
developing countries . Retrieved from https://www.worldcat.org/title/effects-of-corruption-on-
administrative-performance-illustrations-from-developing-countries/oclc/9919080

Gould et. al, writes that, the reason why political corruption exist, because of the softness of the
government. This idea is supported by better research here than in others article that I found.
This article is very important to me as I study the effect of corruption in the government.
__________________

Banrejee, A., Mullainathan, S., & Hanna, R. (2012). Corruption. 6. Cambridge: NBER Working Papers Series.

Banrejee et. al, writes that, the definition of corruption was breaking the rules for private gain.
This idea is supported by better research here than in others article that I found. This article is
very important to me as I study the meaning of corruption.
__________________
Collier, M. (2002, July). Explaining Corruption: An Institutional Choice Approach . Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/226384812_Explaining_Corruption_An_Institutional_Choice
_Approach

Collier, writes that, understanding the cause of corruption can be the weapon for destruction.
This idea is supported by better research here than in others article that I found. This article is
very important to me as I determine the prevention and solution for corruption.
__________________

Transparency international (2016, March 10). HOW TO STOP CORRUPTION: 5 KEY INGREDIENTS .
Retrieved from
https://www.transparency.org/news/feature/how_to_stop_corruption_5_key_ingredients

Transparency International, writes that, we must enforce law and take it seriously and exercise
transparency. This idea is supported by better research here than in others article that I found.
This article is very important to me as I determine the prevention and solution to corruption.