Alkanes and Alkenes

Alkanes alkenes
Alkanes form a homologous series with general Alkenes Form a homologous series with general
formula ________________________ formula _________________

They are saturated hydrocarbons. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons i.e they
Saturated compounds contain at least only
contain___________________________ ________________________

Hydrocarbons are compounds containing___________________________________-

Physical properties of alkanes and alkenes
Alkanes and alkenes are ______________________ molecules and therefore the molecules are held by
weak _________________________________
The weak forces depend only upon the size and structure of the molecule

No.of carbon atoms per State of matter at room

alkane molecule temperature

1-4 Gas

5-17 Liquid

>18 solid

Boiling point of alkanes and alkenes

Alkanes have generally__________________________ boiling points because these are
__________________ and the molecules are held together only by
__________________________________
With the increase in the number of carbon atoms, the molecular size increases and therefore the
magnitude of _________________________________________________-
Thus the boiling points _____________________- with increasing number of carbon atoms

Solubility of alkanes and alkenes

Alkanes and alkenes being non polar in nature, are expected to be _________________ in water( polar
solvent)
They dissolve in non-polar solvents such as _______________________________________________
 Chemical reactions of alkanes
Alkanes generally undergo three chemical reactions
1.__________________________________
2._________________________________
3._________________________________
Combustion reaction of alkanes
Combustion reaction /burning is a ____________________________.They burn with a
________________________ flame.It is very ________________________ reaction
Combustion of alkanes can be classified as
1. Complete combustion
2. Incomplete combustion
Complete combustion of alkanes
This occurs when oxygen is _________________________.The products formed are carbon dioxide and
steam.
General Equation:

__________________________________________
Incomplete combustion of alkanes
This occurs when oxygen is ________________________The products formed are carbon monoxide and
steam
General Equation:
______________________________________________________
Substitution reaction of alkanes
This reaction occurs between an alkane and a halogen where the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen
atoms.
This reaction is also called ________________________________
The halogen is ______________________________
The products formed are called ________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Chemical reactions of alkenes

Combustion reaction of alkenes

They burn with

____________________because__________________________________________________________
_______________________. Thus when they burn they release
_________________________________.

It is very _________________________________________

reaction

General Equation for the combustion reaction of an alkane:

Quiz Sketch an energy Profile diagram illustrating the combustion of ethene.

Addition reactions of alkenes can be summarised by the acronym H.H.H.O.P.

H-

H-

H-

O-

P-
Hydrogenation of alkenes

Addition of __________________________ to an alkene forming the

____________________________________

Reaction conditions

Catalyst:

Pressure:

Temperature:

General Equation of hydrogenation of an alkene

Quiz:

1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the hydrogenation of ethene. Include reaction
conditions.
2. State one use of hydrogenation reactions

Halogenation of alkene

Addition of _________________ to an alkene forming ___________________________

The halogen is rapidly ______________________

Recall the colours and state of matter at room temperature of halogens:

Halogen Colour State of matter at room

temperature

This reaction can occur in the_____________________

Example:

Quiz:

1. State one similarity between the reaction of chlorine with ethane and chlorine with ethene
2. State the differences between the reaction between chlorine and ethane and chlorine and
ethene
3. Write chemical equations for the reaction between
i. bromine and ethane
ii. iodine and propene
4. State what would be observed when fluorine is bubbled into butane.

Addition reaction of hydrogen halides

Addition of hydrogen halide to an alkene forming a

_____________________________________
Quiz :
Write an equation for the reaction between hydrogen chloride and propene

Hydration of alkene
Addition of ____________________________________ to an alkene forming the corresponding
______________________________
Reaction conditions
Catalyst:
Pressure:
Temperature:
This reaction is one of the methods used to _________________________________________
General equation for the hydration of an alkene:

Quiz :Write a chemical equation for the hydration of ethene. Include reaction conditions

Oxidation of alkene

This is an addition reaction between an alkene and

________________________________________________
This reaction is a redox reaction in which the alkene is oxidised by acidified potassium
manganate (VII) solution to form _________________________________________.
The alkene acts as the ____________________and
_____________________________________________________________________.
 Quiz:
A student mixed up the labels of two beakers containing butane and butene.How can one use
acidified potassium permanganate to distinguish between these two beakers? State all
observations.

Polymerisation of alkenes:
Polymers_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.

Polymerisation is a
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________