Section 14 Grade Control FINAL

BARRICK
BARRICK GOLD CORPORATION
BARRICK REPORTING GUIDELINES REFERENCE FOR

MINERAL RESERVES AND RESOURCES
SECTION 14
GRADE CONTROL
GRADE CONTROL
BARRICK
CONTENTS
14.0 | GRADE CONTROL..................................................................... 14-1

14.1 GENERAL ..........................................................................................................................................14-1
14.1.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 14-1
14.1.2 SAFETY ............................................................................................................................ 14-2
14.1.3 ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................................ 14-2
14.1.4 CUTOFF GRADES .............................................................................................................. 14-4
14.1.5 ORE CATEGORIES............................................................................................................. 14-4
14.1.6 SELECTING A GRADE CONTROL TECHNIQUE ....................................................................... 14-4
14.1.7 PLANNING GRADE CONTROL PROGRAMS ........................................................................... 14-5
14.1.8 APPROVAL PROCESS ........................................................................................................ 14-5
14.1.9 REPORT MINING INFORMATION .......................................................................................... 14-6
14.1.10 SAMPLING AND ASSAYING ................................................................................................. 14-7
14.1.11 DENSITIES ........................................................................................................................ 14-7
14.1.12 QUALITY ASSURANCE........................................................................................................ 14-8
14.2 OPEN PIT GRADE CONTROL ...............................................................................................................14-8
14.2.1 BLAST HOLES ................................................................................................................... 14-8
14.2.2 REVERSE CIRCULATION DRILLING .................................................................................... 14-17
14.2.3 DITCH WITCH TRENCHING ............................................................................................... 14-17
14.2.4 PIT MAPPING AND UNDERGROUND MAPPING .................................................................... 14-17
14.2.5 DATABASE ...................................................................................................................... 14-18
14.2.6 INTERPRETATION ............................................................................................................ 14-18
14.2.7 BLASTING ....................................................................................................................... 14-20
14.2.8 MARK UP ....................................................................................................................... 14-21
14.2.9 MINING ORE ................................................................................................................... 14-21
14.2.10 ORE SPOTTING ............................................................................................................... 14-25
14.2.11 TRUCK DISPATCH ........................................................................................................... 14-26
14.2.12 REPORTING .................................................................................................................... 14-26
14.3 UNDERGROUND GRADE CONTROL ....................................................................................................14-27
14.3.1 FACE MAPPING AND SAMPLING ........................................................................................ 14-27
14.4 SIDEWALL AND/OR BACK MAPPING....................................................................................................14-32
14.5 CONTROL OF DRIVES .......................................................................................................................14-34
14.5.1 SURVEY CONTROL .......................................................................................................... 14-34
14.5.2 GEOLOGICAL CONTROL ................................................................................................... 14-34
14.6 MARK UP OF ORE DRIVES FOR LONGHOLE STOPING ..........................................................................14-34
14.6.1 MINING ACCESS RESTRICTIONS ....................................................................................... 14-35
14.6.2 DRIVE DIMENSIONS ......................................................................................................... 14-36
14.6.3 POSITIONING THE DRIVE.................................................................................................. 14-36
14.6.4 THE MARK UP ................................................................................................................ 14-43
14.6.5 RAISE MAPPING AND SAMPLING ....................................................................................... 14-45
14.6.6 MECHANIZED STOPE SAMPLING ....................................................................................... 14-48
14.6.7 AIR LEG (JACK-LEG) STOPE SAMPLING ............................................................................ 14-49
14.6.8 DATABASE ...................................................................................................................... 14-49
14.6.9 REPORTING .................................................................................................................... 14-50
14.6.10 STOCKPILE SAMPLING ..................................................................................................... 14-50
Barrick Reporting Guidelines Reference for TOC i 14.0 | Grade Control

Mineral Reserves and Resources
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FIGURES
Figure 14-1 Information Flow ...................................................................................................................................... 14-1

Figure 14-2 Vertical Mineralization in the Pit ............................................................................................................ 14-10
Figure 14-3 Pie Sampling Setup ............................................................................................................................... 14-13
Figure 14-4 Pie Sampling Setup ............................................................................................................................... 14-13
TABLES
Table 14-1 Typical Cutoff Grade Categories in Open Pits......................................................................................... 14-4

Table 14-2 QA for Grade Control Samples................................................................................................................ 14-8
Table 14-3 Blast Hole Samples ............................................................................................................................... 14-16
Table 14-4 Face Samples........................................................................................................................................ 14-45
APPENDICES
Appendix 14-1 Example of Calculation of Underground Marginal Cutoff Grade

Appendix 14-2 Example of Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet
Appendix 14-3 Example of Completed Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet
Appendix 14-4 Ditch Witch Trenching
Appendix 14-5 Example of a Raise Mapping and Sampling Sheet
Barrick Reporting Guidelines Reference for TOC ii 14.0 | Grade Control

GRADE CONTROL
BARRICK
14.0 | GRADE CONTROL
14.1 GENERAL
14.1.1 Introduction
Grade Control is the process of quantifying the extraction of a resource in a mine with the aim of
maximizing the production of ore from the orebody. This must be accomplished in a cost
effective and timely fashion. At the same time, a sufficient record of the mine geology must be
kept to assist with future exploration and development.
This Grade Control Section collectively addresses all the areas where the Grade Control team has
a direct involvement in the mining operation (see Figure 14-1 below).
Figure 14-1 Information Flow

MINE
GEOLOGIST
PLANNING PLANNING
APPROVAL APPROVAL CONTRACTORS

CONTRACTORS
OPEN PIT UNDERGROUND

MINE
Blast holes Face mapping and sampling
GEOLOGIST
RC drilling Diamond core
Ditch witching Sludge drilling
LOGS LOGS
GEOTECHNICIAN GEOTECHNICIAN
MAPS MAPS
DATABASE
ASSAYS DATABASE ASSAYS
QC QC
REPORTS
INTERPRETATION
MINE INTERPRETATION PLANS
GEOLOGIST
SCHEDULES
ORE BLOCKS
BLASTING
BLASTING
MARK UP
MINE
GEOLOGIST REPORTS
MINING
MINING
DENSITIES
GEOTECHNICIAN
ORE TO ROM STOCKPILE REPORT
MILLING
MILLING RECONCILIATION
Barrick Reporting Guidelines Reference for Page 14-1 14.0 | Grade Control
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14.1.2 Safety
The duties of Grade Control personnel will bring them into direct contact with the mining process.
There are hazards associated with working with heavy equipment, blasting and ground conditions
in all mining operations.
Grade Control personnel have a duty of care towards themselves and their fellow workers to work
safely and create a safe work environment
It is not the intent of this Grade Control Procedure to cover the safety procedures for each task
performed in grade control. The safety procedures are covered separately at each Site by the
following:
• Workplace Induction
• Geology Standard Work Procedures
• Mining Standard Work Procedures
No Grade Control person can start work without having been formally inducted.
It is worth remembering when writing Site safety procedures that these must conform to Barrick’s
general policies and procedures. These are covered in the following documents:
• Section 3 – Barrick’s Policy on Environmental Health and Safety Management System Manual
and Procedures
• Local Safe Operating Procedures and Guidelines that are posted at various operations and
are specific to their own operations
These are available at each Site from the Occupational Safety &Health Coordinator.
14.1.3 Economic Considerations
The Grade Control production team is responsible for gathering the fundamental information which
helps run a mining operation. This includes:
• Mapping
• Sampling
• Assaying
• Logging
This information is used by the Grade Control Geologist and Short Range Planning Engineer to
make the following decisions:
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• Interpretation of geology
• Marking up of ore (and other material)
• Stope or ore block delineation and economic analysis
• Directing mining equipment
• Establishing controls of mineralization and other information that may assist exploration
personnel to improve modelling, establish exploration targets and provide a better
understanding of the geological controls
The quality of the information gathered and the quality of the decisions made by the Mine
Geologist can have a profound economic effect on the Site’s operations. The areas directly
affected are:
• Recovery of ore
• Dilution
• Safety
These are individually discussed below.
14.1.3.1 Cost of Ore Loss
Ore loss causes the following impacts on the Site’s operations:
• An opportunity cost of lost revenue

• An increased stripping ratio in open pits and higher development costs per tonne underground
• A lower tonnage of available mill feed
The cost of losing a tonne of ore is calculated as follows:
Net Revenue = (Revenue Lost) – (Cost Savings)
= (Gold Price x Recovery x Grade) – (Milling + Transport)
Transport costs are defined as the incremental cost of moving ore from the mine to the crusher
pad vs. the cost of moving the material as waste. Mining costs are not considered here because
the waste must be mined anyway.
14.1.3.2 Cost of Dilution
Dilution causes the following impacts on the Site’s operations:
• The cost of milling waste is greater than the revenue generated from the waste
• There is an opportunity cost of lost revenue by milling waste instead of ore
The cost of milling a tonne of dilution is calculated as follows:
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Net Revenue = (Costs of handling dilution) – (Revenue from dilution)
= (Milling + Transport) - (Price x Recovery x Grade)
Mining costs are not considered here because the waste must be mined anyway. In other cases
mining costs should be considered as the waste could be left in situ rather than incur a cost to
haul it away.
14.1.4 Cutoff Grades
Cut-off grades have been the subject of extensive debate over many years. This has led to the
use of non universal cut-off grade definitions and determination. Detailed discussion on the topic is
found in section 12 and one should refer to this section.
14.1.5 Ore Categories
Mineralized material is categorized according to its economic significance to the operations. An

example of the categories and cut-off grades which are generally used for an open pit are outlined
below:
Table 14-1 Typical Cutoff Grade Categories in Open Pits

Category Cut-off Grade Comments
Waste <0.5g/t Below the foreseeable marginal milling cost
Sub Grade 0.5 – 1.0 Below the current marginal milling cost
Low Grade 1.0 – 1.5 Above the current marginal cut-off grade
ROM 1.5 – 5.0 Above the breakeven cut-off grade
High Grade >5.0 High profit ore to be milled first
The cut-off grade will vary from operation to operation and is determined by operating costs and
the gold price at the time.
These categories are influenced by the breakeven, incremental and marginal cutoffs described in
the section 12, but are not necessarily bound by them.
14.1.6 Selecting a Grade Control Technique
Alternate grade control techniques are discussed in detail under the “Open Pit Grade Control” and
“Underground Grade Control” sections of this procedure. When choosing a suitable technique, it is
important to consider the following:
• The geological controls of the orebody must be clearly understood

• Determine the sampling density using the dimensions of the ore lodes as a guide
• Examine the most favourable cost alternative, but do not compromise the quality of the
samples
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• Assess the suitability of the technique by regularly reconciling with the mill
Be prepared to modify the grade control technique if any of the above parameters are found to be
unsuitable
14.1.7 Planning Grade Control Programs
A formal process for planning grade control work should be set up.
Formalising the process has the following advantages:
• The Geologist is given sufficient time to design the sampling program

• The safety aspects of the job can be considered
• The most cost effective options can be considered
• All previous geological information can be considered
• The plan becomes an information document which can be circulated to supervisors,
surveyors, mining engineers and contractors
• The plan can be incorporated into daily, weekly and monthly schedules
• There is sufficient time to do QA/QC on the method to determine if it is accurate and
consistent
14.1.8 Approval Process
14.1.8.1 Budget
All grade control is funded from the Site’s operating budget. The following guidelines should be
used for approving grade control work:
• The grade control budget is determined by the Chief Geologist, Geology Superintendent/Mine
Superintendent
• The Senior Mine Geologist must ensure that grade control work is carried out within budget
• The expenditure must be reconciled monthly against budget
14.1.8.2 Cost Increases
Grade control cost increases can result from unexpected changes in the geology. The cost
increase will likely be approved if it can be justified.
A simple cost benefit analysis can be performed by the Mine Geologist using the following
guidelines:
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a. Determine the cost to the operations of not changing the grade control method. Estimate the
cost of:
- Ore loss
- Dilution
If these costs are difficult to determine, estimate the range which may be reasonably expected
(minimum cost and maximum cost).
b. Determine the cost of the additional work associated with the new grade control method.
Estimate the cost of:
- Equipment
- Labor
- Consumables
- Assaying
- Extra mine development
- Any QA/QC work required
c. Calculation:
- Subtract (b) from (a)
- Examine the risks
- If the result is positive and the risks are acceptable, then it is worthwhile proceeding with
the change
d. In making your analysis remember that, as a general rule, you cannot alter the Site’s
operational goals. These include:
- Scheduled ore to be milled must remain the same
- Budgeted ounces must be met
- Mining equipment must remain fully utilized unless cost benefit exercise shows otherwise
If any of the above parameters will change, then senior management approval is required. A more
detailed cost benefit analysis will need to be conducted.
14.1.9 Report Mining Information
Each Site will have a formal reporting system in place to disseminate mine production information
on a daily basis. The Grade Control Geologist contributes to this.
Daily reports fall into the following categories:
• Status of mine headings

• Handover for next shift
• Formal instructions
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The safety of the mining workforce and the economic efficiency of the operation depend on the Mine
Geologist providing accurate and timely information for these reports
The daily reporting is discussed in more detail under the “Open Pit Grade Control” and
“Underground Grade Control” sections of this procedure.
In addition, the Mine Geology Section will contribute towards the Site Weekly Report and Site
Monthly Report. The Monthly Report discusses the reconciliation of Mined Ore with Milled Ore,
Ore Reserve and Grade Control estimates. This is outlined in more detail in Section 16,
Reconciliation Reports, in this Procedures Manual.
14.1.10 Sampling and Assaying
The various methods used for collecting samples in grade control are discussed under “Open Pit
Grade Control” and “Underground Grade Control” of this procedure.
When these samples are dispatched to the Lab for assaying, the procedures outlined in Section 6,
Sample Preparation and Assaying, should be followed. The procedures cover the following:
• Sample management
- Sample numbering
- Sample sheets
- Dispatch sheets
• Sample preparation
• Assaying
• Conducting Lab audits
• Sample storage and disposal
• Documentation
14.1.11 Densities
Section 8, Density Determinations describes many ways in measuring densities. However, it is

recommended to take hand specimens routinely from mining areas to provide a database of
Apparent Relative Densities for each ore type.
These densities can be used to calculate the ore reserve and mined tonnes for the orebody, as
well as data already present in the database from measurements taken from core samples if
available.
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14.1.12 Quality Assurance
The following table outlines the rate at which standards and blanks should be inserted and check
assaying and check sampling performed.
Table 14-2 QA for Grade Control Samples

Grind Check Check Data
Section Standards Blanks
Checks Sampling Assaying Analysis
Drilling RC 5%
5% 2% 1% 5% yes
(RC & DIA) Dia 2%
Sludge
5% 2% 1% - 5% yes
Drilling
UG Face
5% 2% 1% - 5% yes
Grade Sampling
Control Blast
5% 2% 1% 5% 5% yes
Holes
Ditch
5% 2% 1% 5% 5% yes
Witching
Stockpile
5% 2% 1% - 5% yes
Sampling
_% indicates the number of checks to be performed per 100 primary samples
The procedures outlined in Section 7, Quality Assurance, should be followed.
14.2 OPEN PIT GRADE CONTROL
14.2.1 Blast Holes
Each operation will have a standard method for grade control. It is not the intent in this reference
manual to go through all of them but blast hole sampling will be included since it is the most
common method applied in Barrick’s operations.
Blast holes can be used for grade control purposes for some, but not all, types of orebodies.
Orebodies that have high nugget effect or where grade cannot be accurately predicted through
geostatistics are not suitable. Porphyritic or disseminated deposits are ideal for this type of
sampling since the mineralization is usually distributed throughout the deposit in a more
predictable manner. Whenever using blastholes, a correction factor should be considered since
there often is sampling bias. A correction factor can be determined from the block model if there is
sufficient drill density to provide confidence in the block where the samples are being collected,
and if the sample bias is systematic and consistent. Alternatively, blast hole samples can be
compared with a core sample if drilled right next to it.
14.2.1.1 Method
• The blast-hole rig must be adapted to collect the drill cuttings through a sampling system
where a portion of the drill cuttings goes through a cyclone and deposited into a bag.
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Alternatively, a pie shaped sample collector can be positioned next to the hole collar, and the
cuttings fills the collector plate as it is the hole is drilled.
• The blast rig drills a hole as follows:
- A hammer is situated at the top of the rods or behind the bit (In-The-Hole-Hammer)
- A button bit cuts through the rock
- The cuttings and rock chips created by the bit is flushed out the hole with compressed air
and is forced up between the rods and the open hole
- Hole depth is limited to one bench, plus a short subdrill (i.e.. A 15 meter bench is usually
drilled off with 17 meter holes, where the bottom 2 meters is subdrill)
• Note that the blast hole spacing is often designed to suit blasting requirements and not the
geology, but can be adapted to follow geological contacts
A d v a n ta g e s
• It is a cheap method as holes are drilled for Drill and Blast

• Density of drilling usually provides a good coverage of the orebody
• The following ore types are suitable for sampling with blast holes:
Mineralization is wide, disseminated, or Narrow lode-type mineralization is flat lying

contacts are diffuse
D i s a d va n ta ge s
• Blast holes may not be available in oxide since blasting would not be required (free digging)
• Contamination of samples occurs in friable ground and where water is present
• Only 1 bench can be sampled at a time, but can be adapted to drill several if necessary
• Not suitable where narrow lode-type mineralization is sub vertical
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Figure 14-2 Vertical Mineralization in the Pit
BLAST HOLES
BLAST HOLES HAVE OVERSTATED
HAVE MISSED LODE WIDTH
LODE
14.2.1.2 Planning Blast Holes
The personnel in the Drill and Blast Section design the blast holes. The pattern and depth of the
holes is usually designed for optimum blasting and fragmentation and can be adapted for grade
control. The Mine Geologist should work with the Drill and Blast Engineer to optimise the blast for
geology, e.g.
• Ideally the blast order across a bench should progress from the hanging wall towards the
footwall as this is the optimum direction to mine the ore
• Design the hole firing sequence so that the maximum blast movement occurs in the same
direction as the strike of the mineralization
An example on how a blast hole pattern is laid out as follows:
• Each blast has a plan showing the hole pattern and hole numbering
• The lines of blast holes are surveyed in with end pegs or has a GPS based system (i.e..
Aquila) on the rig and directs the rig to the blast-hole
• The Shot Crew or Samplers mark the hole collars using a tape measure and the end pegs as
reference
• A marker, such as a cup filled with dirt, is placed at the collar
• The cups are numbered from the blast plan
• The blast rig advances along the lines and positions the drill mast over a cup
• The Sampler moves the cup to one side and writes the cup number on the sample bag
14.2.1.3 Adding Fill Holes
Infill holes are sometimes added by the Mine Geologist where the blast hole coverage is too wide
to adequately define the ore blocks.
The following guidelines should be followed:
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• Infill holes should be added as regular lines to maintain an unbiased sampling pattern
• The lines should be oriented across the line of greatest geological variability, i.e. this is usually
at right angles to the strike of the mineralization
• It is usually not necessary to infill along the strike, if mineralization is reasonably continuous
• The cost of the infill drilling should be paid for by Mine Geology
14.2.1.4 Sample Sheet
Sample Sheets are used to keep track of sample numbers allocated to:
a. Blast holes
b. Standards
c. Blanks
d. Check samples
• A separate Sample Sheet should be completed for each blast
• The Sample Sheet should contain the following information:
- Blast Number
- Pit Name, Bench, Sampler, Date
- All blast hole numbers
- All sample depths, if appropriate
- Sample numbers of standards and blanks
- Sample numbers of check samples
• Generally, the sample numbers are the blast hole numbers
• Before picking up the bags, the sample number on each bag should be checked against the
Sample Sheet and blast hole number
• The Sample Sheet is used to complete a Dispatch Sheet for the Lab
• The Geologist or Data Entry Clerk will then enter sample numbers into database
• Sample Sheets must be filed (final disposal must be approved by the Geology Superintendent)
14.2.1.5 Sampling Systems
The main sampling methods employed in open pits are;
• Pipe or Rocket Sampler

• Cyclone and splitter arrangement on the rig or as unit employed with a blast-hole rig
• Sectorial sample tray placed near the hole collar
• Simple cross sectional sample by cutting a trench across the blast-hole sample with a shovel
The method used to sample blast-hole cuttings should be selected based on the analysis of the
gold distribution in the cuttings using a method described by Pierre Gy or Jacques Picard,
sampling gurus who have written numerous manuals and books on sampling methods.
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Dr y H o les
• A cyclone and splitter arrangement similar to RC drilling can be used on dry holes
• An assay subsample is collected in a bag and the reject is dropped on the ground
• The splitter is cleaned after each sample
• The cyclone is cleaned as often as required
• Disadvantages of cyclone and splitter type sampling systems:
- Substantial dust may be lost to the fines cyclone (which cannot be sampled)
- Contamination may occur in damp conditions
• This type of sampling system must not be used if the grade of dust loss is >5% of the assay
subsample and the amount of dust loss is >10%
The amount and grade of the dust loss must be regularly monitored
• If the cyclone and splitter arrangement is unsatisfactory, then the pie tray method described
below should be used
W e t H o le s
Wet samples will result in severe contamination of the cyclone and splitter since there is a
tendency for the dust and chips to stick along a surface and then drop off into the sample stream
at an inopportune time and contaminate the sample. The air capacity of the rig is usually not
sufficient to clear the sample through the bullhose. The alternative is to collect the sample at the
hole collar which is described below (note that this method can also be used for underground
blast-hole rigs):
• A flexible shroud is fitted to the base of the drillmast to contain the wet sample
• A pie-shaped sample tray is inserted under the shroud
• The tray size is built to collect the sample weight determined by the sampling protocol
• Check samples are collected by inserting a second pie tray under the shroud
• The correct positioning of the sample tray under the shroud is critical for collecting a
representative sample
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Figure 14-3 Pie Sampling Setup
Figure 14-4 Pie Sampling Setup
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14.2.1.6 PVC Pipe Sampler for Blast Hole Sampling
Alternatively, the blast hole cuttings can be sampled in a pile by using a sampling tube, driven into
the pile at several locations so that a representative cross section of the pile is collected. This can
be fashioned out of a PVC pipe of 3 inch diameter with one end serrated to help auger into a pile,
and a triangular block of PVC screwed into the side so one’s foot can rest on and drive the pipe
through the pile. After the pipe is driven through the pile, the sample is collected within the hollow
end and it is tilted upwards to prevent the sample from spilling out and then inverted to empty into
a sample bag. The pipe is driven into several areas of the pile to collect a sample of sufficient size.
Both wet and dry blast hole sample piles can be sampled in this way. Any pile with fine material or
size fraction that will fit into the 3 inch PVC pipe can be sampled.
14.2.1.7 Sampling Interval
• The sampling interval should coincide with the bench height

• Ideally the subdrill should not be sampled, and is not recommended
14.2.1.8 Sampling Protocol
• Normally, one subsample of 3-4 kg is collected in a calico bag for assay and is called the
assay sample
• The calico bags are numbered with blast hole numbers (and depths, if appropriate)
• The waste sample is not retained
• The dust from the fines collector is not sampled because it is contaminated
• Logging of the blast hole cuttings is conducted by examining the assay sample bags or
logging the chips at the sample site or blast hole location
• Where no sample occurs in broken ground or stopes, leave an empty numbered bag
The assay subsample weight may need to be greater than 3-4 kg for problematic ore types. This
would become apparent from routine Check Sampling. Further testwork on the ore type is usually
required at this stage (e.g. construction of a Sampling Nomograph).
14.2.1.9 Bag Number Checking
• Sample bags should not be picked up until the Geologist has logged the sample if they are
required to be logged
• Sample bags should not be picked up until the number on each bag has been checked off
against the Sample Sheet and blast hole number.
• If an error occurs, it must be resolved before the bags are picked up
14.2.1.10 Prevention of Contamination
• Ideally, drilling should stop after each sample interval and before the subdrill
• Clean splitter out thoroughly after each sample
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• Check inside cyclone and collection box and clean out thoroughly once a shift when drilling in
fresh rock or after every blast hole in oxide rock
• If a pie tray is used, purchase bags which fit inside the tray
• Sample bags must be tied off immediately to prevent external contamination
• Under wet conditions, it is common that the drill cuttings will stick under the deck and then fall
into a sample, contaminating that sample. One should check and clean the underside of the
deck when this situation arises.
14.2.1.11 Standards and Blanks
• Insert a Standard and Blank at a rate of 5% and 2% respectively
The Standard or Blank must ALWAYS be given a number in the numbered sequence
• Standards and Blanks must NOT be attached to a blast hole number as add-ons (i.e. using a
sample number followed by …A, …B, etc)
• Record the position of Standards and Blanks on the Sample Sheet
• Check the values when assays are returned and follow up on any problems
• Delete all Standards and Blanks from the database so they are not mistakenly used
• Maintain a separate spreadsheet for Standards and Blanks to plot trends over time. An
analysis should be issued once every 3 months as a minimum, but more frequent checks will
be needed to look for developing issues
Instructions for preparing Standards and Blanks are given in Section 5, Quality Assurance, of this
Procedures Manual.
14.2.1.12 Sample Dispatch
• Samples are not to be moved until checked against the Sample Sheet
• Use the Sample Sheet to prepare a Dispatch Sheet for each blast
• Dispatch assay sub samples to Lab
• Fax the Dispatch Sheet to the Lab before end of shift
The Dispatch Sheet must have clear instructions for SAMPLE PREPARATION and analysis
• Collect Check Samples separately and store at core yard

• Accumulate Check Samples for up to 1 month and send off to Lab in 1 batch
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14.2.1.13 Check Assays and Check Samples
5% of the blast hole samples are checked as part of the Barrick Operations quality control
program:
a. Check Assaying
This is required to monitor for assay bias at the Principal Laboratory. The original pulp sub
samples from the Principal Lab are sent to an Umpire Lab for reassaying
b. Check Sampling (Duplicates)

This is required to verify that the assay subsample that is collected from the original sample is
representative of that sample. Check samples are collected by inserting a second pie tray
under the shroud.
Instructions for performing Check Assaying and Check Sampling are outlined in Section 5,
Quality Assurance, of this Procedures Manual.
14.2.1.14 Storing Reference Samples
The Barrick storage and disposal instructions to Laboratories are:
Table 14-3 Blast Hole Samples

Sample Type Store at Lab Disposal
Crush Residues 3 months Discard
Pulp Residues 3 months Discard
Pulp Subsample (300g) 3 months Discard
Check Assaying and Check Sampling must be completed PROMPTLY so that follow-up work is
completed before residues are discarded by Lab
14.2.1.15 Logging
Each Site has a standard log sheet that can be obtained from the Senior Geologist.
• The Mine Geologist or a trained Geotechnician will log blast hole samples
• The degree of detail will depend on the local geology
• The features which are critical to Grade Control should be selected for logging, e.g.
mineralization, quartz percentage, sulphide percentage, etc
• Record the sample size as this gives an indication of the sample quality
14.2.1.16 Pickup of Blast Hole Collars
All sampled blast holes must be accurately picked up by Survey.
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14.2.2 Reverse Circulation Drilling
Reverse circulation (RC) drilling is a very effective grade control method in all types of ground, but
it has considerable additional cost for routine grade control.
14.2.2.1 Method
All RC grade control drilling should be conducted using the procedures outlined in Section 4,
Drilling Methods and Procedures.
The following comparisons are made with blast hole sampling.
A d v a n ta g e s
• Independent of Drill and Blast

• Drill pattern can be varied to suit geology
• Angled holes can be drilled to better intersect sub-vertical geological structures
• Sampling interval can be varied to allow better discrimination of geological contacts
• Less contamination problems – more accurate assays
• Dry samples can be collected in water-affected ground
• Information can be obtained for more than one bench by drilling deeper holes
• Higher cost (about $8 - $15/m). Because of this, RC drilling is usually incorporated in infill
drilling to provide information to the planning process prior to mining. It must be planned in a
timely manner.
• Short Term Mine Planning must incorporate RC programs into their schedules
14.2.3 Ditch Witch Trenching
In soft ground, a Ditch Witch can be used to carry out an effective grade control technique in soft
ground such as oxidized material. See Appendix 14-4 for details.
14.2.4 Pit Mapping and Underground Mapping
Geological mapping can be a low cost and valuable supplement to other grade control methods
such as drilling and trenching. See Section 5, Geological and Geotechnical data collection for
details. Geological mapping is also invaluable to understand geotechnical stability issues and is
essential in all operating mines.
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14.2.5 Database
Each Mine Geology Section at each Site will maintain their own Geological Databases. The
database is used for recording:
• All sample assays and calculated blast block grades

• Grade Control tonnes and grade
• Blast hole drilling details
• RC drilling details
• Ditch witch sampling details
• Digitized blast plans
• Digitised geological base plans
A separate database will be maintained for recording and interpreting:
• Check assays
• Check samples
• Standards
• Blanks
The information will be stored methodically and updated each shift so that accurate instructions
can be issued for mining production as, and when, required. The form of data output will be
determined by each site. Blast hole samples should be stored in a separate data file with surveyed
collar coordinates. This is due to the possibility that they can be incorporated into the geological
block model and be used to refine the grade estimate for the bench below. The grades should be
adjusted as described earlier since blast hole samples typically have a bias upwards and the
grades are usually higher than the block model.
Management of the database must conform to the procedures outlined in “Database

Management” in Section 3, Assaying, of this Procedures Manual.
14.2.6 Interpretation
Interpretation of the geology and blocking of the material categories can commence once all grade
control sample logging/assays have been entered into the database and pit mapping completed.
There is more potential for large magnitude errors at the interpretation stage than at any other
stage of grade control
The Mine Geologist must allocate sufficient time to adequately complete each of the steps
described in this procedure.
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14.2.6.1 Format
• Choose a suitable scale which is compatible with pit maps, Development sections and plans
• The final blocking is interpreted in plan view, but cross-sections will be required if grade
control drilling is performed
• Blocking is performed to the cut-off grade of material categories determined by senior
management
• The assay data must be colour coded to match the material categories as an example below:
Material Category Cutoff Grade Colour

Waste <0.5g/t
Sub Grade 0.5 – 1.0
Low Grade 1.0 – 1.5
ROM 1.5 – 5.0
High Grade >5.0
• A high assay cut is applied to the grade control assay data
14.2.6.2 Method
The following procedure outlines how the interpretation is conducted.
• Print out a plan and sections, showing surveyed grade control sample locations and assays,
include other relevant data (such as Development drilling, etc)
• Sketch in the geological boundaries and mineralization boundaries, using the following
information (in order of importance):
- Pit mapping
- Logging
- Assays
- Development drill holes
- Exploration drill holes
(Note, you are not creating ore blocks at this stage)
• Overlay the previous bench plan and adjust the boundaries
• Sketch in grade contour lines for at least 2 low level grades (e.g. 0.5g/t and 1.0g/t)
• Commence blocking out the various material categories, being careful not to cross geological
boundaries
• Use the grade contour lines as a guide to confine blocks
• Adjust the block size to fit the mining criteria, using in particular:
- The minimum mining width
- The maximum internal dilution
- The mining direction
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- Digitize the blocks when interpretation is completed

- Calculate the block grades by taking the arithmetic average of the sample assays in each
block
- A modeling technique such as Indicator Kriging or Conditional Simulation can be used,
under the following conditions:
- A block size compatible with the minimum mining width must be selected
- The model must be constrained by the geology, as detailed above
• The final interpretation must be checked and signed off by the Senior Mine Geologist
14.2.7 Blasting
Blast movement can have a significant effect on shifting ore boundaries and increasing the
difficulty of locating these during mining. The Mine Geologist should work closely with the Drill and
Blast Engineer to minimise the impact of blast movement on grade control.
The following guidelines should be followed:
• Blast design
- Avoid allowing ore/waste contacts to occur at blast boundaries
- Consider buffering a blast to prevent collapse of face, and minimize damage to the face
• Blast direction
- When possible, design for maximum blast movement to occur in the same direction as the
strike of the mineralization where possible
• Blast monitors
- Drill separate holes for blast monitors
- Holes must be full bench depth
- Insert black poly pipe into the holes
- Stem these as for normal blast holes
- Place sufficient monitors around ore blocks
- Survey must pick these up before and after the blast
• Split bench mining
- Consider blasting full depth and mining off in 2 or more (flitches) benches
- This has considerable cost implications
• Cleanup after the blast
- Push up face in the opposite direction to blast movement
- Minimise dozing on top of blast
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14.2.8 Mark Up
The techniques for marking up a block will vary from site to site. Each site should write their own
procedures, which will include the following:
• The blast plan with interpreted blocks is given to Survey

• The Surveyors place pegs on the blast to outline the blocks
• The Geology team proceed to mark up the block
• The corners of each block must be adjusted for blast movement, which is determined from
blast monitors (see below)
• Lines are placed on the ground joining the corners of the blocks, using crushed limestone,
spray paint, flagging tape, etc
• These lines must be re-established each time they are disturbed by the excavator during
mining
14.2.8.1 Survey
• All corner pegs outlining the blocks must be surveyed in

• Pegs which are accidentally destroyed must be resurveyed, they cannot be guessed
• The Geologist supervising the mark up should visit each peg with the blast plan and be
satisfied that no gross errors have occurred (Surveyors sometimes make mistakes too!)
14.2.8.2 Adjustment for Blast Movement
After the blocks have been interpreted, they must be adjusted for blast movement:
• Survey will pick up the position of the blast monitors before and after the blast
• The before and after positions are plotted on the blast plan
• The block corners are adjusted by the same distance and direction that the blast monitors
have moved, distances should be proportioned if movement is variable
• The adjusted positions of the block corners are noted on the blast plan
• Taking the blast plan into the pit, adjust the block pegs laid out by Survey to their new
positions, using a tape measure and compass
14.2.9 Mining Ore
The mining method used will determine the amount of ore loss and dilution. The Mine Geology
team can minimise the amount of ore loss and dilution by ensuring that the digging compliments
the geology as far as practical. The basic principals that should always be followed are:
1. Ideally, ore mining should be restricted to day shift to minimise errors caused by limited
visibility at night. However, this is not practical and at times, it may be desirable to have
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rotating grade control shifts that follow the operations shifts. In some operations, having grade
control going 24/7 is a necessity and is becoming more common.
2. Mine off the blast heave separately as this will have the greatest displacement
3. Take care when dozing access on top of blast:

- Minimise the disturbance
- Doze parallel to the strike of the ore/waste contacts
4. Always dig from the hanging wall towards the footwall
MINING DIRECTION
RILL ANGLE
ORE WASTE
DILUTION IS MINIMISED
5. Consider using split bench mining to reduce dilution and ore loss
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DILUTION
MINING DIRECTION
ORE 5m
DILUTION
REDUCTION
IN DILUTION
MINING DIRECTION
ORE 2.5m
2.5m
REDUCTION
IN DILUTION
EXAMPLE 1. ORE CONTACTS ARE STEEPER THAN RILL ANGLE – THE IMPACT OF THE FLITCHES ON EQUIPMENT PRODUCTIVITY NEEDS TO BE CLOSELY
MONITORED
DILUTION ORE LOSS

MINING DIRECTION
ORE
5m
ORE LOSS DILUTION
REDUCTION GAIN IN
IN DILUTION OUNCES
MINING DIRECTION
ORE 2.5m
2.5m
GAIN IN REDUCTION
OUNCES IN DILUTION
EXAMPLE 2. ORE CONTACTS ARE FLAT
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ORE LOSS ORE LOSS

MINING DIRECTION
ORE
5m
SUBSTANTIAL DILUTION
GAIN IN
OUNCES
MINING DIRECTION
ORE 2.5m
2.5m
REDUCTION
IN DILUTION
EXAMPLE 3. ORE TERMINATES WITHIN THE BENCH
ORE LOSS DILUTION
MINING DIRECTION
ORE ORE
5m
DILUTION ORE LOSS
GAIN IN REDUCTION
OUNCES IN DILUTION
MINING DIRECTION
ORE ORE 2.5m
2.5m
REDUCTION GAIN IN
IN DILUTION OUNCES
EXAMPLE 4. ORE STRUCTURE FREQUENTLY REVERSES DIP DIRECTION
6. Bench floor cleanup at an active face should be performed frequently so that a minimum of
ground is traversed when pushing-up across strike
7. Bench floor maintenance should always be performed parallel to the geological strike, never
across the strike
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14.2.10 Ore Spotting
Supervision of ore mining in the pit is an important follow up function for the Mine Geologist after
having completed ore block interpretation.
A d v a n ta g e s
• Final adjustments can be made when the ore contact becomes visible during mining
• Internal waste can be redirected
• All ore that would otherwise have been left in the face is taken
14.2.10.1 Ore Spotting Procedure
• Ore mining should be supervised and controlled by the person responsible for grade control
• The spotter’s first task is to ensure that the ore is dispatched to the correct destination:
- A means of communication with the digger operator and the truck drivers must be set up
- A record on paper must be kept of truck counts and destination for each ore block
- This record should be cross-checked against the truck driver’s records at the end of each
shift
• The spotter’s second task is to ensure that digging follows the ore contacts as closely as
possible:
- The spotter must have the experience to be able to recognise mineralization types,
faulting, etc to be able to perform this task
- Ore boundaries can be moved up to a distance of 2m during mining (or as determined by
the Senior Geologist)
- A rill angle as close as practical to the dip of the ore contact should be established during
mining
- Using the individual sample assays as a guide, internal dilution inside an ore block may be
removed, but only if clearly visible
- As a general rule, dilution should be accepted in preference to losing ore
• The destinations assigned to the blocks on the blast plan must always be followed
• Be prepared for blast movement which was not predicted during mark up
• All adjustments to block boundaries made during mining must be sketched onto the blast plan
• These changes must be recorded back at the office:
- The block boundaries must be redigitised
- The block grades recalculated
- A new set of production figures are issued, based on grade control
- These new figures must be used in the monthly report
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14.2.11 Truck Dispatch
A rigid system for controlling and checking the dispatch of trucks to the correct destination must be
set up prior to mining any ore from the open pit. Most operataions have now computerized
Dispatch systems that send instructions directly to the operator on the screen whether it is a
shovel loading a truck, a truck hauling material or a front end loader in a pit or underground. Grade
Control personnel would be wise to check to see if the instructions have been carried out by the
operators by doing spot-checks on trucks and loaders after delivering their loads to the
destinations given by the Dispatch system. A days production can be summarized by Dispatch
systems and the quantifying and the ore and waste produced can also be done after bucket and
truck factors are applied. The grade block model can be entered into these systems and the
dispatch system monitor the quantities produced based upon the grades provided by the Dispatch
system.
• Stockpiles must be adequately signposted so that truck drivers clearly understand the
destinations
• The Mine Geologist should check the stockpiles each shift to ensure that material from the pit
has been dumped on the correct stockpiles
• The Mine Geologist needs to quality check the Dispatch reports by performing spot checks on
the mucking and haulage activities.
14.2.12 Reporting
The Mine Geology team produces, or contributes to the following daily reports:
• Production report – grade control volume, tonnes and grade

• Blast plans showing ore blocks and assays
A monthly report is produced, which includes reconciliation of Declared Ore Mined against Grade
Control Ore Mined, Ore Reserve and Ore Milled.
Blast hole grades should be maintained in a database. If there is good reliability in the blast hole
samples as determined from ongoing QA/QC programs, and if the geology is a disseminated or
porphyritic deposit where there is a high level of continuity to the bench below, then blast-hole
grades after being factored, can be used in block models to predict the grade of material below.
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14.3 UNDERGROUND GRADE CONTROL
14.3.1 Face Mapping and Sampling
14.3.1.1 Method
Face mapping and face sampling are normally performed together by the same person(s). This
procedure applies to faces in ore drives, cross cuts and development drives. The mapping of the
roof or back in a cut and fill stope, or development drift, can also be conducted and is very similar
to face mapping.
Face and back mapping and sampling is performed for the following reasons:
• The information is used to make daily decisions for mining the ore body
• The mapping and assaying is used to classify material into High Grade, Low Grade and Waste
• The results are used to compile daily and monthly production records
• A permanent record of the geology is provided
A d v a n ta g e s
• A cheap and fast grade control method

• Provides a true presentation of the geology
• Mineralization can be accurately mapped
• Sampling is conducted at the same time as mapping, allowing accurate definition of ore and
waste
• Structural information for geotechnical planning can be readily obtained
• Material designation relies on accuracy of Geologist’s call, as mining must take place before
assays are returned from Lab
• The face information is projected for the entire cut, thus introducing errors if geology not
continuous
• Assay samples may not be representative because of difficulties associated with a manual-
type sampling method
14.3.1.2 Planning
The following preparation needs to take place before mapping and sampling the drift, stope or
face:
• Consult the mine plan for the area you will be working on
• Contact the Shift Boss for a report on mining activity and tell him your movements
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• Park vehicle out of the way of mining equipment

• Upon arrival, tell the miner of your intentions and where his help is required (e.g. use of a
cage, rattling down a sample)
• The jumbo operator will normally want to finish drilling his round before giving you access to
the face
• You should plan your activities to minimise mining equipment downtime.
• Inspect the face and backs for loose rocks. Backs must be bolted. Do not approach if not
scaled down and bolted. Arrange with operator or Shift Boss to scale down and/or bolt.
NEVER WORK UNDER UNSUPPORTED GROUND.
• Wash down the face or back to assist visibility and minimise sampling contamination
• Keep your tools close to the working face
14.3.1.3 Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet
An example of a Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet is shown in Appendix 14-2.
14.3.1.4 Survey Stations
It is usually not possible for the Surveyors to accurately locate each face that must be mapped.
The position of a face is measured from the closest survey station. Survey stations are located at
regular intervals on the backs or walls of drives. The coordinates may be obtained from a register
kept by Survey, or are plotted onto a drift or stope survey map and can be scaled with a scale
ruler to get distances.
14.3.1.5 Mapping and Sampling
a. Record the location of the face on Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet:
- Find the closest survey station and measure distance to centre of face, using a 50m tape
or a laser measuring device
- If a survey station is not within sight, create a temporary station on the wall
- Sketch the position of the face at “Location” on Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet,
recording survey station number, distance to face and outline of drives, drill stations, etc
b. Inspect the face and work out the geology and sampling areas
c. Map the face:
- Face mapping is to be performed by a Geologist
- Use the 1:50 scale grid provided on the Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet for sketching
the map
- Measure and record the basic dimensions of the face
- Horizontal and vertical metre marks should be painted on face for reference
- Sketch in all the major structural features
- Sketch in any rock type contacts
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- Sketch in mineralization boundaries

- Sketch in major quartz veins
- Note position of any sulphides, alteration and visible gold
- Annotate dip/dip direction on all significant structures and bedding
- Label geology using standard codes
d. Mark up sampling areas on the face:
- Marking up is to be performed by a Geologist or trained Geotechnician.
- Use designated colour paint
- Mark boundaries between mineralization and waste
- Mark boundaries between mineralization types
e. Photograph the face:
- If not already done, paint one metre marks on the face for scale
- Photograph the face before the painted lines are destroyed by sampling
- Alternatively, Sirovision can be used in underground applications and can be used to even
map drift walls. Sirovision is very useful where there is not enough time to perform proper
mapping due to production performance constraints (i.e. shotcrete, blasting, etc.)
f. Sample the face:
- Sampling is to be performed by a Geotechnician or a Geologist
- Sampling should not commence before marking up is completed
- Use a separate sample bag for each sample
- Collect about 3 to 5kg in each bag
- Collect sample from at least 10 points in the sample area
- Chip size should not exceed 50mm
- Inside a sample area, select mineralised chips and waste chips in proportion to their
distribution
- Make sure some chips are included from along vein boundaries and from sample
boundaries
- Do not bias the sampling towards soft rock in preference to hard rock
- Do not bias the sampling if visible gold is present
- If a sample is contaminated for any reason, discard it and start again
- Tie off each bag before leaving the face, to prevent contamination
- Keep a close track of sample bag numbers to prevent mix-ups
g. Rattling down a sample with the jumbo:
- This is an acceptable alternative only if a hand held hammer cannot be used
- Lay a sheet of plastic on the ground
- Alternatively, use a “jumbo sample catcher” if available
- Give clear instructions to operator on the area to be sampled
- Stand well clear while sample is rattled down
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- Do not approach face until operator has given permission

- Do not approach face until all loose rock has been scaled down
- Collect a representative sample from plastic sheet
- Remember, if sample is contaminated, then discard it and start again
- Remove sheet, place under next area, and continue sampling
- An air powered or electric jack hammer can also be used to cut a channel in the face or
any surface across that needs to be sampled as long as the depth of the channel cut is
consistent.
h. Describe each sample on the Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet, using the following
headings as a minimum:
- “Sample Number”
- “Bag Size” (comment on poor quality samples)
- “Rock Type” (include major and minor components)
- “Mineral Code”
- “Description” (describe other prominent features such as % quartz, sulphides and
alteration)
i. Alternatively, a small electric or air-powered jackhammer can be used to chip slots across
surfaces to be sampled.
j. Estimate a grade for the face and record in “EFG”
k. Determine the destination of the cut and record in “Sent To”
This is an important decision
- Base your decision on the geology of the face

- Take into consideration the grades of previous cuts in the drive and nearby drill holes
- If you have doubts, discuss with more experienced Geologists or as a last resort send to
Resample
l. Print out photograph and attach to Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet
m. Adjust the sampling boundaries on the sketch map by comparing with the photograph
n. Colour in the sketch map using standard colours
Highlight the important geological features
o. Measure the areas of the sampling domains with a planimeter and record on Face Mapping
and Sampling Sheet
p. When assays are returned from the Lab, record the uncut and cut assays on the Face
Mapping and Sampling Sheet
q. Calculate the face grade using the cut sample assays and the domain areas for weighting
r. Compare the calculated face grade with the “Sent To” instruction
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If misdirection is occurring, seek assistance from experienced Geologists. Do not adjust the face map,
descriptions or mineralization codes based on assays
s. Complete “Other Comments” on Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet, e.g.

- Explain why a normally mineralised rock unit in an ore drive is being sent to waste
- Why the calculated face grade did not match the “Sent To” instruction
- An old Development drill hole may have been detected near the face
An example of a completed Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet is shown in Appendix 14-3.
14.3.1.6 Face Sampling Methods
The choice of face sampling methods will depend on the nature of the geology. Two methods are
used by Barrick – “Domain Sampling” and “Channel Sampling”.
Domain Sampling
Domain sampling is performed by selecting areas of “like” geology to sample. With some ore
bodies only the mineralization is sampled, the waste is assigned a grade of zero.
The advantage of domain sampling is that more samples can be collected from mineralised
zones, where the greatest grade variability will occur. The grade of waste is not likely to vary a lot!
Domain sampling is performed as follows:
• Mark boundaries between mineralization and waste

• Mark boundaries between mineralization types
• Sample domains inside a mineralization type can be partitioned either arbitrarily or by using
boundaries between major rock types, structures, etc
• The sample domain area inside a mineralization type should be selected according to the
known distribution of mineralization - e.g. as small as 1m2 in highly variable nugget gold.
• There is no maximum domain size in waste
• Collect sample from at least 10 points inside the domain:
- The more points the better
- With ore containing coarse gold, the more points that are sampled the more representative
the sample will be
• Great care should be taken when marking up and planimetering each domain as the final face
grade calculation will be significantly affected by the weighting assigned to each domain
C h an n e l S amp l i n g
Channel sampling is performed by sampling along a defined line on the face, similar to the path of
a drill hole.
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The channel sampling technique is better suited to ore types where the gold is finely and evenly
disseminated through the ore.
Channel sampling is performed as follows:
• Mark boundaries between mineralization and waste

• Mark boundaries between mineralization types
• Two sampling lines across the face are better than one
• Mark up the sampling lines with paint
• Orient the sampling lines at right angles to the mineralization
• Sampling intervals will vary according to geology:
- Not more than 1.0m in ore
- Not more than 1.5m in waste
- Not less than 0.2m
• Collect at least 10 chips from each channel
14.4 SIDEWALL AND/OR BACK MAPPING
Sidewall and back mapping is conducted for the following reasons:
• To supplement the information produced by Face Mapping

• To record major cross-cutting structures
• To provide a permanent record of the geology of the sidewall
Sidewalls and / or backs should be mapped in the following workings:
• All main declines

• All major crosscuts
• All stockpiles
• All ore drives
The procedure for mapping sidewalls and backs is outlined below:
1. Check that you have all equipment with you before going underground.
2. Before setting out, contact Shift Boss for report on mining activity and tell him your
movements. Do not map when trucks are running
3. Park vehicle out of the way of equipment
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4. Place flashing beacons at least 100m above and below the area being mapped
5. Inspect the walls and backs for loose rocks. Backs must be bolted. Do not approach if not
scaled down and bolted. Arrange with operator or Shift Boss to scale down and/or bolt
6. Wash down the sidewall to assist visibility
7. Keep your tools close to sidewall
8. Mark up the sidewall with 1metre paint marks

- Tie these in by measuring to the nearest survey station(s)
- Record the distance to the survey station on your map
9. Inspect the sidewall and work out the geology
10. Map the sidewall

- Sidewall mapping is to be performed by a Geologist
- Use 1mm graph paper as a base
- Use a scale of 1:250
- Measure and record the height of the sidewall
- A stadia rod can assist with height measurements
- Sketch in major structural features, such as faults, shears and joints
- Sketch in any rock type contacts and bedding
- Sketch in major mineralised shear envelopes rather than individual quartz veins
- Measure dip/dip direction of all significant structures and bedding
11. Measurements should always be taken at hip level
12. When sidewall mapping in a decline measurements are taken as slope distance. To plot a
plan view of the decline will require all distances e.g. a measured dipping fault, to be adjusted
to the plan
13. Photographs should be taken of good examples of structures for reports and presentations
14. File the photographs
15. Transfer the sketch map onto a 1:250 base cross-section
16. Colour in the cross-section using standard colours
17. Highlight any important geological features
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14.5 CONTROL OF DRIVES
The direction of an underground drive must be controlled by issuing clear instructions to the jumbo
operator.
There are 2 main types of control that are used - survey control and geological control.
Combinations of both are also used.
14.5.1 Survey Control
• Drives on survey control have been precisely pre-planned and a Mine Instruction issued
• The Geologist has no control over the direction of the drive but should still check these
headings as per the procedure for production headings
• Drives under survey control are normally in waste
• These drives can include:
- Declines
- Major level crosscut drives
- Crosscuts to ore lodes
- Drives designed to intersect drill hole intersections
14.5.2 Geological Control
• The Geologist has full control over the direction of the drive
• Instructions are issued mine instruction or by way of paint marks on the face, sidewalls or
backs
• Drives under geological control include:
- Ore drives for stoping
- Crosscuts in ore
14.6 MARK UP OF ORE DRIVES FOR LONGHOLE STOPING
This section describes the marking up procedure for the control of ore drives designed for
longhole stoping.
The Geologist must control each cut in the ore drive to ensure that the following objectives are
met:
• The cut is safe and fully authorized

• The cut is practical for mining equipment access
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• The drive is positioned in the optimum location for stoping

• The drive follows the main geological structure
• Face grades are optimised and dilution is minimised
14.6.1 Mining Access Restrictions
The following limitations and restrictions must be considered when marking up ore drives:
• Minimum Jumbo dimensions

- Single boom jumbo 3.0m (wide) x 3.5m (high)
- Twin boom jumbo 4.0m (wide) x 4.0m (high)
• The arm on the longhole rig is at least 3m long and requires

- 3.2m of hangingwall exposed
- 3.2m of footwall exposed
• Allow 0.5m of waste to be exposed in the hangingwall and footwall to make sure all the ore is
exposed and give the jumbo arm room to manoeuvre
• Maximum drive height should be 5m, this will minimise the following risks for the longhole
drillers:
- Poor visibility
- Difficulty of check-scaling
- Rod handling
- Fatigue
• Minimum drive height should be 3m, so that the backs can be bolted
• Maximum drive width will be specified in a Mine Instruction
• The maximum amount of turn possible in one drive cut is 1m, i.e. the face can move 1m left or
right in the next 3m advance
• Stripping with the drive cut is restricted to a maximum of 1.5m
• A deeper strip of up to 2m can be performed as a separate exercise
• Rapid or frequent gradient changes in the floor should be avoided as this makes equipment
access difficult. Maximum gradient for any short term travel way is 1 in 7
• The condition of the backs must be taken into account:
- Avoid widening the drive in weak ground
- Liaise with Geotechnical Engineering for guidance
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14.6.2 Drive Dimensions
The drive dimensions should be kept to a minimum, as the bulk of the ore will be extracted by way
of a longhole stope. The primary purpose of the drive is to provide access for the longhole rig, not
to stope the ore.
14.6.3 Positioning the Drive
The Geologist’s task is to direct the positioning of the drive so that optimum extraction of the ore is
achieved in the stope.
Examples are given below of various lode positions in the drive face. All diagrams are of cross-
section views.
a. The ideal face position:
• The entire width of the lode is exposed in the face

• The longhole rig’s jumbo arm should have no difficulty accessing the ore zone and boring from
one drive to another
• The longhole rig needs a minimum distance of 3.0m along the rig’s jumbo arm to line up
parallel to the lode and drill
• The longhole rig’s optimum drilling depth is 20m
HANGINGWALL
mi
nim
um
min 0.5
imu m
m
3. 2
m
maximum 5m
minimum 3m
ORE
min
imu
m
3.2
m
FOOTWALL
Ideal position of lode in face.
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25m
20m
15m
The lode is impossible to Difficult to stope as the This is the situation the
stope, as the longhole rig longhole rig cannot bore to Geologist should aim for.
cannot access the ore. ideal specifications. Some The longhole rig can
Expensive stripping and stripping is required. The access the full lode and
benching is required. The drives are too close for has sufficient space to bore
distance between drives is maximum efficiency. at the correct angle. The
too long for the rig to bore. ideal distance between
drives is 20m.
b. Stripping a thick lode

• The lode is too thick to expose in the initial drive
• The drive should follow the footwall as it is easier to strip the backs than bench the floor
An example of a poor drive position and an ideal drive position are shown below:
GRADE CONTROL
BARRICK
WASTE
LONGHOLE
FAN
HANGINGWALL
ORE
BENCHING CUTS
FOOTWALL
WASTE
The drive has been positioned too high and a The drive has been positioned correctly to
series of expensive benching cuts will be expose the footwall. A single fan of longholes
needed to expose the full lode thickness. bored upwards will expose the full lode
thickness.
c. Instructions for turning a drive
The following examples demonstrate how a drive should be turned to keep the lode in an optimal
position in the face. In these examples, the lode is dipping at >600, which is an optimal angle for
longhole stoping.
Example 1
FLAT
ORE
FLAT
Take this cut straight ahead:
• The lode is well positioned in the face

• It is not climbing or diving
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• No adjustment is required
Example 2
ORE
FLAT
Take this cut 0.5m right:
• The lode is slightly too high in the face

• A correction slightly down dip is required
Example 3
FLAT
ORE
Take this cut 0.5m left:
• The lode is slightly too low in the face

• A correction slightly up dip is required
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Example 4
-150
ORE
-150
• The lode is correctly positioned in the face

• It is diving and will be too low in the next cut
• A correction slightly up dip is required
Example 5
ORE
-150
Take this cut straight ahead:
• The lodes is too high in this face

• It is diving
• The problem will correct itself in the next cut
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Example 6
-150
ORE
• The lode is too low in the face

• It is diving
• The problem will get worse if not corrected
• Turn hard up dip to correct the problem
Example 7
ORE
FLAT
Take this cut 1.0m right:
• The lode is far too high in the face

• Turn hard down dip to correct the problem
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Example 8
+50
ORE
• The lode is far too low in the face

• It is climbing slightly
• The climb is not sufficient to correct the problem
• Turn hard up dip
Example 9
-100 ORE
Stripping the left wall is necessary:
• The lode is far too low in the face

• It is diving into the floor
• The problem will get worse even if turning hard up dip
d. Lodes dipping at 30 - 600

• It is sometimes impractical to expose the full width of ore
• Some stripping may be required
• Follow the footwall
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• Geologists will control direction

• Survey will control gradient in most cases
e. Lodes dipping at 10 - 30°

• It is often impractical to expose the full width of the ore
• There are many other technical problems with mining lodes at these angles and ongoing
liaison with senior staff and engineering will be necessary
• The requirements for control will change from case to case and will largely depend on
available drilling information and medium term planning requirements
• Often in these cases Geology will control both direction and gradient
• Either follow the footwall or hanging wall, as has been previously established for that area
f. Lodes dipping <10°

• This angle is ideal for room and pillar mining
• Usually the drives are under survey control
• Sometimes geology control will be used to drive parallel to faults (this prevents the lode’s
height from changing abruptly)
• Close liaison with senior staff and engineering is necessary
• If a decision is made to follow the footwall, try to keep the lode > 0.5m from the floor
g. Two final cuts in waste must be taken before stopping an ore drive that is setting up a
longhole stope. This will:
• Ensure that the true end of the orebody has been reached
• Allow sufficient room for the longhole rig driller to work
h. A drive can be placed on hold for the following reasons:

• If the cut does not look economic and there is no other reason for continuing (e.g. to advance
to a drill hole)
• If you are on nightshift and feel that you must liaise with Senior Geologists or Engineers before
you make a decision
• If your decision must be authorised by a Mine Instruction
• If placing a drive on hold will cause severe disruption to the mining cycle (e.g. there is a
critical shortage of headings), then the relevant staff should be called on their after-hours
number
14.6.4 The Mark Up
Once a decision has been made as to the width and direction of the next cut, the face can be
marked up. Geologists always mark-up using yellow paint, as follows:
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• Measure off the width of the required cut and mark its left and right sides with vertical lines and
horizontal arrows pointing inwards
• Measure out the centre of the new cut and mark it with a centre-line symbol (C.L.)
• Write any turn or gradient instructions on the face, e.g. “0.5m left, same gradient”, or “survey
line, down 1 in 10”
• If the required direction still seems ambiguous you can either paint the direction on the floor or
backs, or paint a backsite at some appropriate spot
• If you put the drive on hold write “HOLD” on the face in large clear letters
14.6.4.1 Sample Size Checking
• A consistent sample weight must be obtained
14.6.4.2 Standards and Blanks
• Insert a Standard and Blank at a rate of 5% and 2% respectively
The Standard and Blank must ALWAYS be given a number in the sample sequence
Standards and Blanks must not be attached to existing sample numbers as add-ons (i.e. using a
sample number followed by …A, …B, etc)
• Record the position of Standards and Blanks on the Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet
• Check the values when assays are returned and follow up on any problems
• Delete all Standards and Blanks from the database so they are not mistakenly used
• Maintain a separate spreadsheet for Standards and Blanks to plot trends over time. An
analysis should be issued once every 3 months
Instructions for preparing Standards and Blanks are given in Section 5, Quality Assurance, of this
Procedures Manual.
14.6.4.3 Sample Dispatch
• Sample numbers should be checked off against the Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet
• Use the Face Mapping and Sampling Sheet to prepare a Dispatch Sheet
• Dispatch assay samples to Lab
• Fax the Dispatch Sheet to the Lab before end of shift
The Dispatch Sheet must have clear instructions for SAMPLE PREPARATION and analysis
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14.6.4.4 Check Assays
Five percent of the face samples are checked as part of Barrick Operations quality control
requirements.
Check Assaying is required to monitor for assay bias at the Principal Laboratory. The original pulp
sub samples from the Principal Lab are sent to an Umpire Lab for reassaying.
Instructions for performing Check Assaying are outlined in Section 5, Quality Assurance, of this
Procedures Manual.
14.6.4.5 Storing Reference Samples
The Barrick Operations storage and disposal instructions to Laboratories are:
Table 14-4 Face Samples

Sample Type Store at Lab Dispoal
Crush Residues - Discard
Pulp Residues - Discard
Pulp Sub samples (300g) 3 months Discard
Check Assaying must be completed PROMPTLY so that if a problem is discovered it can be

followed-up before pulp sub samples are discarded by the Lab
14.6.5 Raise Mapping and Sampling
14.6.5.1 Method
A raise is any mine opening that is driven at an angle upwards. Commonly the angle ranges from
37 deg. where the muck would barely move down wards to vertical. They may be driven
conventionally or by Alimak with drill and blast techniques, or bored with a raiseboring machine.
Raises are mapped and sampled to confirm the location and grade of the ore lode, prior to
commencement of stoping.
• All raises are mapped and sampled

• Mapping and sampling are performed after each cut if following ore is critical, otherwise less
frequently
• Mapping and sampling are usually performed by 2 people working together
• The work must be completed before removal of ladders and services
14.6.5.2 Planning
The following preparation needs to take place before mapping and sampling the raise:
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• Obtain approval from the Shift Boss that it is safe to enter the raise
• Never enter a raise with inadequate ventilation
• Park vehicle out of the way of mining equipment
• Liaise with the air leg operator for access to a raise
• Never stand directly under raise when an air leg operator or sampler are working above
• Put your harness on, fasten the fall arrester and levitator strap to the carabiner
• Inspect the brow for loose rocks and, if necessary, scale down
• Inspect the raise for loose material and, if necessary, arrange with Shift Boss to scale down
• Wash down both sides of the raise to assist visibility
• Check the integrity of the ladders and ensure they are secure
14.6.5.3 Survey Stations
The position of a raise is measured from the closest survey station. Survey stations are located at
regular intervals on the backs or walls of drives. The coordinates may be obtained from a register
kept by Survey.
In vertical raises, there are usually no survey stations and the distance is measured either by the
rails installed in an Alimak raise, or has to be measured in a bored raise with a tape measure as
one is being hoisted up or down. It is important to make sure there is a reference line in the raise
to ensure a direction can be referenced to when mapping it. It is easy to become disorientated in a
bored raise, especially if they are long.
14.6.5.4 Mapping and Sampling
a. Record the location of the raise on Raise Mapping and Sampling Sheet by finding the closest
survey station and measuring the distance to base of raise, using a 50m tape
b. Measure up the raise, using the back of the bottom drive as the zero point, marking off 2m
intervals with paint, through to the top of the raise
c. Map the side of the raise facing the crosscut from which you entered the drive or the side of
the raise which faces in the normal cross section direction
d. Proceed to map the side of the raise:

- Mapping is to be performed by a Geologist
- Measure the upper and lower contacts of the lode at each 2m mark
- Measure the thickness of waste in the hanging wall and footwall at each 2m mark
- Sketch the lode between the 2m marks
- Sketch all major structures
- Note position of any sulphides, alteration and visible gold
- Annotate dip/dip direction of the lode at each 2m mark
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- Provide a representative description of the lode

e. Sample the side of the raise:

- Sampling is to be performed by a Geotechnician or a Geologist
- Sampling can commence once mapping and marking up has started
- Always start sampling at the 0m mark and then at each 2m mark working upwards
- As each sample is taken, communicate the metre mark and the sample bag number to the
person with the map who will record this information
- At each 2m mark, take a horizontal channel across the entire width of the side of the raise,
using the same side that is mapped
- Collect a minimum of 3kg in each bag
- Collect sample from at least 10 points in the channel
- Chip size should not exceed 50mm
- Select mineralised chips and waste chips in proportion to their distribution
- Do not bias the sampling towards soft rock in preference to hard rock
- Do not bias the sampling if visible gold is present (don’t steal it either)
- Tie off each sample bag to prevent contamination
- Drop the sample bags carefully to the spoil pile under the raise
- If a sample is contaminated for any reason, discard it and start again
- Keep a close track of sample bag numbers to prevent mix-ups
f. Record the raise angle by making a sighting with the compass from the base of the raise to
the top, using the pilot hole at the top as reference
g. Return to the office, perform the necessary maintenance on the safety equipment and store it
away
h. Make sure that all details have been completed on the Raise Mapping and Sampling Sheet
(See Appendix 14-5)
i. Calculate the raise grade by averaging the cut sample assays
j. Check that the average grade is above the ore cut-off grade, if not, determine the reason why
k. Complete “Other Comments” on Raise Mapping and Sampling Sheet, e.g.

- Any major variation in lode position, thickness or mineralization
- Any excessive dilution
- Why the raise grade as calculated from the sampling was below cut-off
GRADE CONTROL
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14.6.6 Mechanized Stope Sampling
Stoped ore is sampled to supplement normal grade control sampling and for reconciliation.
Stopes which are being mined by mechanical equipment cannot be safely sampled by the
Geology team. The sampling can be performed by the LHD operator and this section describes
the method to be used.
A d v a n ta g e s
• Provides a better grade determination for the stoped ore because a greater sampling density
is used than may be available from grade control and reserve drilling
• The grade estimate includes actual mining dilution
• The Geology team stays clear of the mucking equipment and trucks
• Taking samples by hand from the blasted ore is regarded as a very poor sampling method and
is likely to introduce many sampling errors
14.6.6.2 Method
• The Geotechnician/Geologist will supply the mucking operator with a bundle of pre-numbered
sample bags
• A separate bundle will be supplied for each stope
• The mucking operator shall sample every 5th bucket
The Geologist must issue clear instructions to each mucking operator on the correct sampling
technique
• A sample will be collected by taking small rock fragments (<50mm) across the entire width of
the bucket
• A good sample should consist of a mixture of small and large fragments
• The bag should be filled to ¾ full
• On completion of mucking for the shift, the sample bags should be left at the side of the drive
entrance to the mucking area, for collection by the Geotechnician/Geologist
• A set time for collection of samples should be established with the mucking operators
• The Geotechnician/Geologist will record the sample numbers on a Stope Sampling Sheet
Grade determination of long-hole stopes is best done by sampling the blast holes before they are
blasted. This is done by taking a sample of the blast hole cuttings of each hole as described
earlier in this section. Drill operators can be trained to take the samples using the PVC pipe
method of sampling blast-hole cutting piles. They are numbered as per the drill layout indicates.
Once the results are obtained, they can be averaged over the entire ring. The rings are usually
GRADE CONTROL
BARRICK
blasted in groups or singly and from the survey, a tonnage is allocated per ring. After a group of
rings are blasted, a tonnage and grade can be allocated to the blasted material. Production is then
measured from this calculation and drawn down from the broken reserve calculated. Often,
another group of blast holes are blasted covering the remaining muck in the stope. Resulting
production is then drawn out of the new inventory covering the remaining material until it is fully
drawn down and then the following inventory is drawn down that was previously covered by the
fresher material until the stope is completed.
14.6.7 Air Leg (Jack-leg) Stope Sampling
The active face of all air leg stopes should be regularly sampled.
Air leg Stope Sampling should follow the procedures described for Face Mapping and Sampling in
section 14.3.1.3 of this Grade Control Procedure.
In addition to the Face Mapping and Sampling procedures which must be followed, air leg stope
sampling will include the following:
• Both the Shift Boss and the air leg miner should be consulted to ensure that the stope has
been scaled down, has adequate ventilation and is safe to access
• If the backs are too high to sample safely, then only the fired ore should be sampled
• The stope face is located accurately as follows:
- Find the nearest survey station and measure along the drive to the base of the stope
- Turn a right angle and measure from the backs of the drive to the face of the stope
Air legs can also be used to locate sulphide bodies behind rock. When sulphide is intersected, the
cuttings usually turn black and the intervals where these changes occur can be noted. Drilling
enough holes can delineate sulphide bodies hidden behind rock surfaces and the cuttings can be
sampled in intervals to get an idea of the grade. This could also help the geologist form better
interpretations of the mineralization through a quick and easy method.
14.6.8 Database
Each Mine Geology Section at each site will maintain their own Geological Database for recording:
• All sample assays and calculated face grades, block grades, etc
• Grade Control tonnes and grade
• Diamond core drilling details
• Sludge drilling details
• Face mapping details
• Raise sampling details
• Stope sampling details
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• Digitised base plans
A separate database will be maintained for recording and interpreting:
• Check assays
• Standards
• Blanks
The information will be stored methodically and updated each shift so that accurate instructions
can be issued for mining production as required. The form of output will be determined by each
site.
Management of the database must conform to the procedures outlined in “Database

Management” in Section 3, Assaying, of this Procedures Manual.
14.6.9 Reporting
The Mine Geology team produces, or contributes to the following daily reports:
• Production report – trucked tonnes and grade

• Status of mine headings
• Handover for next shift
• Stripping instructions
• Direction of ore drives
• Update level plans
• Assay submission sheets
A monthly report is produced, which includes a reconciliation of Declared Ore Mined against
Grade Control Ore Mined, Ore Reserve and Ore Milled.
14.6.10 Stockpile Sampling
Stockpiles are sometimes sampled to determine their grade and destination.
Stockpile sampling is an inaccurate method of grade determination and should be avoided where
possible
Suspected ore should only be sent to “resample” in the following circumstances:
• If no other method of grade control is temporarily available, e.g.

- Holes not completed
- Wet conditions preventing sampling
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BARRICK
- Poor sample return around stopes
• Ore is suspected but not proved by grade control

The existing grade control data should take precedence where there is a conflict with other
available data such as:
• Development drilling
• Exploration drilling
• Face sampling
• Results on previous bench
If stockpiles are being regularly sampled in a mining operation, then this is an indication of
problems with the grade control method. The grade control method should be reviewed and
corrected.
The correct procedure for sampling a truck-size stockpile is outlined below:
• Lay flagging tape across the stockpile, commencing at the floor on one side, climbing over the
highest point to the floor on the other side
• Using a geology pick and a scoop, follow the flagging tape and chip or collect every rock under
the flagging
• The maximum sample fragment must be 50mm
• Do not bias the sampling towards softer rocks
• Do not bias sampling towards mineralization
• Do not bias sampling towards visible gold
• The minimum sample size should be 5kg
An alternative method for sampling a truck-size stockpile:
• Divide the perimeter of the stockpile at the base into 3 equal segments
• Take 3 samples, 1 from each segment
• Collect representative rock chips
• When assays are returned, determine the stockpile destination by following the results of two
out of the three assays
• The assays should not be used in any production calculations of grade
GRADE CONTROL
BARRICK
APPENDIX 14-1
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION OF UNDERGROUND MARGINAL CUTOFF GRADE
Barrick Reporting Guidelines Reference for Appendices 14.0 | Grade Control

GRADE CONTROL
BARRICK
APPENDIX 14-2
EXAMPLE OF FACE MAPPING AND SAMPLING SHEET

GRADE CONTROL
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APPENDIX 14-3
EXAMPLE OF A COMPLETED FACE MAPPING AND SAMPLING SHEET

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APPENDIX 14-4
DITCH WITCH TRENCHING

GRADE CONTROL
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APPENDIX 14-5
EXAMPLE OF A RAISE MAPPING AND SAMPLING SHEET


Section 14 Grade Control FINAL

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Section 14 Grade Control FINAL

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BARRICK

BARRICK GOLD CORPORATION

BARRICK REPORTING GUIDELINES REFERENCE FOR

14.0 | GRADE CONTROL..................................................................... 14-1

Barrick Reporting Guidelines Reference for TOC i 14.0 | Grade Control

Figure 14-1 Information Flow ...................................................................................................................................... 14-1

Table 14-1 Typical Cutoff Grade Categories in Open Pits......................................................................................... 14-4

Appendix 14-1 Example of Calculation of Underground Marginal Cutoff Grade

Barrick Reporting Guidelines Reference for TOC ii 14.0 | Grade Control

14.0 | GRADE CONTROL

Figure 14-1 Information Flow

APPROVAL APPROVAL CONTRACTORS

OPEN PIT UNDERGROUND

ORE TO ROM STOCKPILE REPORT

14.1.3 Economic Considerations

These are individually discussed below.

14.1.3.1 Cost of Ore Loss

Ore loss causes the following impacts on the Site’s operations:

• An opportunity cost of lost revenue

The cost of losing a tonne of ore is calculated as follows:

Net Revenue = (Revenue Lost) – (Cost Savings)

= (Gold Price x Recovery x Grade) – (Milling + Transport)

14.1.3.2 Cost of Dilution

Dilution causes the following impacts on the Site’s operations:

The cost of milling a tonne of dilution is calculated as follows:

Net Revenue = (Costs of handling dilution) – (Revenue from dilution)

= (Milling + Transport) - (Price x Recovery x Grade)

14.1.4 Cutoff Grades

14.1.5 Ore Categories

Mineralized material is categorized according to its economic significance to the operations. An

Table 14-1 Typical Cutoff Grade Categories in Open Pits

14.1.6 Selecting a Grade Control Technique

• The geological controls of the orebody must be clearly understood

14.1.7 Planning Grade Control Programs

Formalising the process has the following advantages:

• The Geologist is given sufficient time to design the sampling program

14.1.8 Approval Process

14.1.8.2 Cost Increases

14.1.9 Report Mining Information

Daily reports fall into the following categories:

• Status of mine headings

14.1.10 Sampling and Assaying

Section 8, Density Determinations describes many ways in measuring densities. However, it is

14.1.12 Quality Assurance

Table 14-2 QA for Grade Control Samples

The procedures outlined in Section 7, Quality Assurance, should be followed.

14.2 OPEN PIT GRADE CONTROL

14.2.1 Blast Holes

• It is a cheap method as holes are drilled for Drill and Blast

Mineralization is wide, disseminated, or Narrow lode-type mineralization is flat lying

Figure 14-2 Vertical Mineralization in the Pit

14.2.1.2 Planning Blast Holes

An example on how a blast hole pattern is laid out as follows:

14.2.1.3 Adding Fill Holes

The following guidelines should be followed:

14.2.1.4 Sample Sheet

14.2.1.5 Sampling Systems

The main sampling methods employed in open pits are;

• Pipe or Rocket Sampler

Figure 14-3 Pie Sampling Setup

Figure 14-4 Pie Sampling Setup

14.2.1.6 PVC Pipe Sampler for Blast Hole Sampling

14.2.1.7 Sampling Interval