AIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING

UNIT I- INTRODUCTION

Structure and composition of Atmosphere – Definition, Scope and Scales of Air

Pollution – Sources and classification of air pollutants and their effect on human
health, vegetation, animals, property, aesthetic value and visibility- Ambient Air
Quality and Emission standards.

2 MARKS

1. Define Air pollution (nov2015)

Air pollution is the excessive concentration of foreign matters in the air which
adversely affects the human beings

2. What are natural contaminants?(may2007)

Natural fog, pollen grains, bacteria and product of volcanic eruption

3. How inhalation of carbon monoxide affects human health?(may2007)

It reduces the ability of the haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body tissues.
Neurological disasters take place

4.Briefly explain the formation of Ozone(may2017)

Photochemical (summer smog) forms when pollutants such as nitrogen oxides
and organic compounds react together in the presence of sunlight.

5.List out any four sources of Air Pollution.(may2017)

Combustion process
Chemical processes
Petroleum operations.
Metallurgical processes

6.What is Smog? Give the types.

Smog is a synchronism of two wards- smoke and fog.

7. Effect of Pollution on Plants(may2015)

Reduces photosynthesis
Reduces the yield of a crop

8.Classification of sampling Methods(may2019)

Ambient air sampling and stack sampling
9.Define Acid rain(nov2007)
Acid rain is formed when emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
react in the atmosphere with water. These compounds then fall to the ground in
either wet or dry form

10.Briefly explain greenhouse effect(may2015)

The greenhouse effect is the heating of the surface of earth due to the presence
of an atmosphere containing gases that absorb and emit infrared radiation.

11. Define aerosols.(nov2007)

An aerosol can be defined as a dispersion of solid and liquid particles suspended
in gas.

PART B

1.Write the effects of air pollution on human beings(may2016)-8

Explain any one method for analysis of air pollutant at source-8

2.explain the various classification of air pollution(nov2015)-16

3.state the various classification of particulates and explain their effets on plants
,animals and materials(may2015)-16

4. what is ambient air sampling ?what are the principles of analysis of air
pollutants(nov2012)

5.what is global warming ?discuss its occurrence pollutants responsible and

impacts?(may2013)
 UNIT II - METEOROLOGY

Effects of meteorology on Air Pollution - Fundamentals, Atmospheric stability,

Inversion, Wind profiles and stack plume patterns- Atmospheric Diffusion
Theories – Dispersion models, Plume rise.

2 MARKS

1. What is adiabatic lapse rate? (may2007)

The decrease of atmosphere temperature with height

2. List out any four sampling methods.(may2019)

Sedimentation, filtration, Impingement, ESP

3.National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone (NAAQS)(may2017)

Primary standard to protect public health. One-hour average ozone > 0.12 ppm
for federal standard. One-hour average
ozone > 0.09 ppm for state standard.

4.Define wind rose (may2017)

Wind rose at a location is defined as the pictorial representation of distribution
of wind direction at the given location over the observation period.

5.What is the word MINAS stands for?

Minimum National Air Quality Standards

6.What is Mixing Height(may2019)

Height above the earth’s surface to which related pollutants will extend,
primarily through the action of atmospheric turbulence

7.Briefly explain Box model dispersion(may2012)

It also assumes that the air pollutants inside the box are homogeneously
distributed and uses that assumption to estimate the average pollutant
concentrations anywhere within the airshed.

8. Briefly explain Gaussian model(nov2012)

It assumes that the air pollutant dispersion has a Gaussian distribution, meaning
that the pollutant distribution has a normal probability distribution.
9. What is Lofting?(may2017)
A type of plume which occurs when an inversion exits only below the plume
and the plume is inhibited from mixing downward.

10. What is Looping(may2017)

A type of plume which has a wavy character. It occurs in a highly unstable
atmosphere because of rapid mixing.

11. What Is Plume (nov2012)

The path and extent in the atmosphere of the gaseous effluent released from the
source, usually a stack

PART B

1.Explain the factors affecting dispersion of air pollutants(nov2015)-10

With neat sketch explain the types of plume-6

2.explain Gaussian dispersion models with assumptions ,merits and

demerits(nov2015)-16

3.explain the meteorological factors that affect the dispersion of air pollution
and draw wind rose diagram(dec2015)-16

4.Discuss in detail about the effect of metrological parameters on transport and

diffusion of air pollution(may2014)-16

5.discuss the various plume patterns for the different prevailing lapse
rates(nov2012)
 UNIT III- CONTROL OF PARTICULATE CONTAMINANTS

Factors affecting Selection of Control Equipment – Gas Particle Interaction –

Working principle - Gravity Separators, Centrifugal separators Fabric filters,
Particulate Scrubbers, Electrostatic Precipitators.

2 MARKS

1.Explain the principle behind settling chambers.(MAY2014)

Particles in the air or gas stream settle due to gravity

2. What are the Advantages of ESP(may2013)

High collection efficiency
Particle as small as 0.1 mm can be removed
Low maintained and operating cost
Low-pressure drop (0.25 – 1.25 cm of water
Treatment time is negligible (0.1 – 10. s)

3. What are the Dis advantages of Esp(may2013)

High initial cost
Space requirement is more
explosion hazards during collection of combustible gases or particles

4. Briefly explain Bag filter

The most common type of collector is tubular type, consisting of tubular bags.
A bag house or bag filter consists of
numerous vertical bags. They are suspended with open ends attached to a
manifold

5.List out the type of Scrubbers(MAY2017)

Spray towers
Venturi scrubbers
Cyclone scrubbers
Packed scrubbers
Mechanical scrubbers

6.Define Cyclone filter

A type of particulate collector which depends upon centrifugal force for its
action

7.What is meant by Inertial separators

Air pollution control equipment that utilizes the principles of inertial to remove
particulate matter from a stream of air or gas.
8.What Is the Chemical Composition of Air?
Atmosphere is made up of only five gases: nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor,
argon, and carbon dioxide.

9.Write the fundamental approaches of air pollution control(may2014)

a) by changing the raw materials in industries
b)by installing suitable air pollution control equipment

10.state the particulate size which can be removed in ESP(june2013)

Particle size of greater than 0.1 to 10µ can be removed

PART B

1.with neat sketch explain the working principle of electrostatic

precipitator((may2016)-10
b) write the criteria for selection of air pollution control equipment-6

2.explain the general principle of particulate pollutant control(nov2015)

3.what is a cyclone separator ?explain its working principle(nov2012)-8

4.what is bag house filter ?how it works(may2012)-8

5.explain the principle of operation and working of a settling

chamber(may2013)-8

6.how does bag house filter work?(nov2012)-8

 UNIT IV- CONTROL OF GASEOUS CONTAMINANTS

Factors affecting Selection of Control Equipment – Working principle -

absorption, Adsorption, condensation, Incineration, Bio filters – Process control
and Monitoring.

2 MARKS

1. What is condensation? (nov2012)

Condensation is the formation of liquid drops of water from water vapour. It is
the process which creates clouds,

2. Combustion Definition: (MAY2012)

Combustion is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and an oxidizing
agent that produces energy usually in the form of heat and light.

3. What is Incineration (may2012)

Combustion of solid, liquid, or gases wastes under controlled condition.

4. What is adsorption?(NOV2015)
Removal of impurities from a gas stream by concentration on the surface of
solid or liquid

5. what is absorption?(may2012)
Air pollutants are collected either by mist or rain and settle down with mist or
rain
6. How combustion brings pollution control(june2012)
Combustion or incineration oxidise the substances rapidly through the
combination of oxygen with o combustible material in the presence of heat

7.List the gaseous pollution control methods(dec2011)

Adsorption
Absorption
Incineration
Condensation

8. what is the principle behind combustion in air pollution

control?(dec2012)
The sequence of exothermal chemical reaction between the fuel and oxidant
9. How do condensations brings up pollution control?(NOV2012)
Vapour pressure is used in the condensation technique of separation between
components in the gas mixture

PART B

1.explain how gaseous pollutants are controlled using principle of

adsorption(may2016)-8
Which method will you suggest for control of air pollutants in cement industry
–justify -8

2.explain the general principles of gaseous pollutant control(nov2015)

3.what are the approaches for controlling oxides of nitrogen discuss the control
mrthods(may2015)

4.control of air pollution in coal base thermal industries with a neat

sketch(may2014)

5.how gaseous pollutants can be controlled by absorption(may2012)

6.What is condensation techniques in the control of gaseous

contaminants?(nov2011)
 UNIT V- INDOOR AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Sources, types and control of indoor air pollutants, sick building syndrome and
Building related illness- Sources and Effects of Noise Pollution – Measurement
– Standards –Control and Preventive measures

2 MARKS

1.What is noise?(may2012)
In simple terms, noise is unwanted sound. Sound is a form of energy which is
emitted by a vibrating body and on reaching the ear causes the sensation of
hearing through nerves

2.What is the purpose of frequency analysis?(may2017)

The frequency analysis allow to separate the main components of the signals by
dividing the frequency range of interest into smaller frequency bands using a set
of filters

3What is "white noise"?(may2017)

White noise is a sound similar to radio static, or the sound a fan makes, that is
often used to mask unpleasant
sounds. Some people find it helpful for sleeping, and it can be a soothing sound
for babies.

4.What are the laws regarding noise pollution?(may2014)

Factories act, motor vehicle act, noise pollution control rule

5. What is the necessity for air quality?

The levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety, to protect
the public health, vegetation and property.

.
6.What are indoor air contaminants?
Carbon dioxide (CO2), tobacco smoke, occupants Dust, fibreglass,
asbestos, gases.

7.How can noise affect us?

Temporary Deafness: This Persists for about 24 hours after exposure to loud
noise. Permanent Deafness:
Repeated or continuous exposure to noise of around 100 dB results in
permanent hearing loss.
8.How can we control the Noise source?
Reducing the noise levels from domestic sectors, Maintenance of automobiles,
Control over vibrations, Low voice speaking, Prohibition on usage of loud
speakers and Selection of machinery

9.What are the most common sources of noise pollution?

cars, trucks, and other motor vehicles. Planes and trains also contribute to noise
pollution. Other sources include factory machinery, power tools, and
construction equipment.

10.What problems does noise pollution cause for people?

hearing impairment
Sleep disturbances
Cardiovascular and physiological effects
Mental health effects

11.What problems does noise pollution cause for animals?

damage their hearing,If noise in an area becomes too intrusive, animals may
shift to a new territory, which can create new complications for their mating and
survival.

PART B

1.explain in detail about the sources of noise and its control

measures.(may2012)-16

2.a)explain the different noise control methods(nov2012/may2013)-8

b)what are the difficulties in noise pollution-8

3.a)what are the varios ill effects of noise on human beings(nov2011)—8

b)what is noise rating system ?what is its importance?-8

4.a)discuss the effects of noise pollution(may2013)-9

b)what is noise rating system

5.a)how could noise control be achieved at source by design(may2012)-8

b)explain the principle of achieving noise control in transmission path-8

6.define noise pollution and explain in detail about the sources of noise
pollution and their effects(june2014)-16