Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina

Bachelor of Science in Nursing

Guce, Andrea Shane O. BSN 202 – Grp 6

Disease: Bacterial Meningitis

A. Description: Bacterial Meningitis is a condition that results in the inflammation of the
protective membranes that envelop the brain and spinal cord due to a bacterial cause.
B. High Risk and Risk factors

C. Focus Assessment (Signs and Symptoms)

Early symptoms of bacterial meningitis include:
 Cardinal Signs of meningitis include infection. (Fever, chills, malaise) and increased
intracranial pressure. (Headache, nausea and vomiting)
 Positive for Brudzinski’s and Kernig’s signs and opisthotonos. (spasms)
 Other features of meningitis are irritability, photophobia, diplopia and other visual
problems.
D. Diagnostic and Laboratory Test
Laboratory Purpose/Indication Nursing Significance Interpretation
Test Responsibilities
Computed May identify The nurse will CT Scan can be used to show
Tomography cranial help the bone, organs, tissues, and
(CT Scan) osteomyelitis or patient to blood abnormalities. When
paranasal sinusitis prepare for the done with a contrast dye that
as the underlying procedure. is injected during the test, CT
infectious process, Also, the nurse scans can highlight brain
or skull fracture as will monitor all tissues to determine whether
the mechanism for the signs and the meninges are inflammed.
entrance of symptoms of
microorganism. increasing level
White Blood Reveals of WBC. A high WBC count in the CSF
Cell Count leukocytosis (especially neutrophils).
Blood Culture Test that checks for Should suggest a diagnosis of a
Test foreign invaders bacterial meningitis.
like bacteria, yeast
and other
microorganism in
your blood.

E. Risk Factors
Modifiable Non-Modifiable
Travels Age
Working with meningitis-causing pathogens Certain medical conditions
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Guce, Andrea Shane O. BSN 202 – Grp 6

F. Anatomy and physiology

Dura Mater - The tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.
Arachnoid Mater - is one of the three meninges, the protective membranes that cover
the brain and spinal cord.
Pia Mater - the delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal
cord

G. Pathophysiology
H. Nursing Diagnosis
Assessment Cues/Signs and symptoms Nursing Diagnosis
usually present.

I. Nursing Management: Patient with Bacterial Meningitis should be placed on private

room.
-They should be placed on droplet precautions (private room, mask for all entering the
room) until they have completed 24 hours of appropriate antibiotic therapy.
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Guce, Andrea Shane O. BSN 202 – Grp 6

Medical intervention: Antibiotic Treatments – Bacterial Meningitis must be treated

immediately with intravenous antibiotics and sometimes corticosteroids. This helps to
ensure recovery and reduce the risk of complications, such as brain swelling and
seizures. The antibiotic or combination of antibiotics depends on the type of bacteria
causing the infection.

Surgical intervention: Ventriculostomy – A device that drains excess cerebrospinal fluid

from the head. A ventricular drainage-irrigation system to permit the adequate
perfusion of the CSF pathways with antibiotic.

J. Discharge Planning (Method)

M
E
T
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 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Guce, Andrea Shane O. BSN 202 – Grp 6

Disease: Cerebral Palsy

A. Description: Cerebral Palsy is a disorder that impairs the control of movement due to
brain damage. It is non progressive but the symptoms can change over time for better
or for worse.
B. High Risk and Risk Factors

C. Focus Assessment (Signs and Symptoms)

- Lack of coordination
- Exaggerated reflexes
- Stiff muscles
- Variations in muscle tone
- Intellectual disabilities
- Difficulty walking/scissors-like gait
D. Diagnostic and Laboratory Test
Laboratory Purpose/Indication Nursing Significance Interpretation
Test Responsibilities

E. Anatomy and Physiology

F. Pathophysiology
G. Nursing Diagnosis
Assessment Cues/Signs and symptoms Nursing Diagnosis
usually present.

H. Nursing Management:

Medical intervention:

Surgical intervention:
 Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Marikina
Bachelor of Science in Nursing
Guce, Andrea Shane O. BSN 202 – Grp 6

I. Discharge Planning (Method)