Professional Documents
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Introduction To PV Systems PDF
Introduction To PV Systems PDF
Introduction to
Photovoltaic Systems
Solar-Thermal Systems
Heat fluids for domestic hot water, pools, space conditioning or
concentrating designs for power generation.
Stand-Alone Systems
Operate off-grid
Sizing based on electrical loads
Interactive Systems
power
conditioning power
distribution load
energy
source
PV Array Load
Inverter Center
energy
conversion
electric
energy
utility
storage
Battery
(optional)
Disadvantages include:
High initial costs compared with competing power options.
Low power densities require large array surface areas.
Energy production is dependent on location, time of day/year, array
orientation and other factors.
Specialty applications
Rural development
Remote monitoring, railway signals,
Health care facilities, schools and
security systems and water
community centers
treatment
Off-grid power
Telecommunications facilities
Lighting and appliances for remote
homes and facilities
Grid-connected systems
Agricultural uses Residential, commercial and utility-
scale
Water pumping and irrigation
Fence charging
NASA
Radios
Utility Lights Security Cameras
SolarWorld
SolarWorld
SolarWorld
2012 Jim Dunlop Solar Introduction to PV Systems: 1 - 14
Rural Development
Rural Health Clinic Vaccine Refrigeration
SolarWorld
NREL/Steve McCarney Rural Home Lighting
Water Pumping
United Solar
Systems
FSEC/Jim Dunlop
JEA/Larry Wagner
NREL/Warren Gretz
National Electric
NREL/EPA
NREL/John Thorton
NREL/Byron Stafford
2012 Jim Dunlop Solar Virgin Island Energy Office Introduction to PV Systems: 1 - 26
Remote Residential
Railway Signals
FSEC
FSEC/Lakeland Electric
FSEC/Lakeland Electric
FSEC/Lakeland Electric
Sharp Solar
NREL/Steve Wilcox
2012 Jim Dunlop Solar Introduction to PV Systems: 1 - 33
Flat-Plate PV Arrays
Flat-plate collectors utilize non-concentrated solar radiation.
Most PV modules and arrays are flat-plate collectors.
Power Tower
Utility Interconnection Few utilities permitted PV All states and utilities permit
interconnections interconnections from 2 to 20 MW
Licensing and Personal Certification Nonexistent State licensing and national
certification programs emerging
Contractors and Installers Small specialized companies, Larger companies, electrical
diversified in solar thermal and PV contractors and project developers
Global PV Industry Revenue Tens of millions Tens of billions
Component Manufacturing
engineers, designers, fabricators, System Installation, Operations and
assemblers Maintenance
contractors, electricians and related
trades
Sales and Marketing
business and marketing professionals Inspection and Code Compliance
regulators, utilities, electrical and
Systems Engineering and Design building inspectors
professional engineers, architects and
contractors Training and Education
teachers and instructors
Procurement and Operations
Product Research, Testing and
business and accounting professionals
Certification
engineers, scientists, technicians
Financing and Insurance
lending institutions, legal professionals
and underwriters
Financial incentives
2% 7%
7%
China
7% USA
ROW
Japan
EU
77%
Total 7.2 GW
500
Capacity (MW)
400
300
200
100
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Rebates
Production incentives
Financial incentives
Net metering and interconnection rules
Licensing, permitting and building codes
Legislative actions
See: www.nabcep.org
See: www.uluniversity.us
SunPower/Bombard Electric
Dennis Whalen
Photovoltaic Systems Engineering, 3rd Edition, by Roger Messenger and Jerry Ventre. ISBN
0-8493-1793-2, CRC Press LLC: www.crcpress.com