INVERTERS

PV S YST E M
Table Of Content
• About
• Output classification
• Board type classification
• Examples

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Inverters
A power inverter, or inverter, is a power electronic device or circuitry
that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power
handling depend on the design of the specific device or circuitry.
The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the
DC source
It limit the dragging energy from the batteries according to his type.

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Output classification
Hence classify inverters into three primary types ,which are as follows:
• Modified Sine wave inverter
• Pure Sine wave inverter

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Modified Sine
wave inverter
• The construction of this type of
inverter is bit complex
• Modified sine wave show some
pauses before the phase shifting
of the wave
• doesn't make smooth transition
from positive to negative

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Pure Sine wave
inverter
• The electrical circuit of pure sine
wave inverter is much more
complex
• More efficiency, hence
consumes less power
• They can be adjusted according
to your personal power
requirements

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Board type classification
Solar inverters may be classified into three broad types depend on the
PV System:
• Stand-Alone Inverters
• Grid-Tie Inverters
• Battery Backup Inverters

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Stand-Alone Inverters:
• used in isolated systems (OFF GRID)
• the inverter draws its DC energy from batteries charged by
photovoltaic arrays.
• incorporate integral battery chargers to replenish the battery from
an AC source.
• not required to have anti-islanding protection.

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PV System
related to Stand-
Alone Inverters:
Shneider’s solutions :
• Conext XW+ is an hybrid inverter
in this application it work as a
stand-alone inverter
• Conext family is dedicated to
solar energy
• Conext XW+ is a smart inverters

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’ XW + ‘ from schneider electric

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XW+

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Standard DC input for inverters
Depending on the consumption energy in our system (OFF-GRID OR
HYBRID)
• The power consumption is less then 3KW
the DC input should be 12 V
• The power consumption is between 3KW and 5KW
the DC input should be 24 V
• The power consumption is more then 5KW
the DC input should be 48 V

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Grid tie inverters
• match phase with a utility-supplied sine wave. (ON GRID)
• designed to shut down automatically upon loss of utility supply.
• They do not provide backup power during utility outages.
• Grid tie inverter converts DC power produced by PV array to AC
power.

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Islanding
Phenomena:
• Connections of renewable power
generators to the utility are
changing the structure of the
electric power system (EPS).
• The system is evolving from a
tree structure with the
generation produced by big
power plants to a net structure
plenty of small distributed points
of generation. These distributed
generators (DG).
• if the EPS fails and the DG keeps
on working in normal operation
• This problem, known as
islanding operation.
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Islanding
Phenomena:
• This is hazardous for line
operators who could suppose it
is disconnected.
• . An island could get
desynchronized during the stand
alone period of operation,
forcing the protections to fail
again.
• being potentially dangerous for
the electronic equipment due to
the apparition of short-circuits at
the moment of reconnection.

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PV System related to Grid tie inverters

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OMRON (KP100L)

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OMRON (KP100L)

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Micro inverters:
• Micro inverters are dedicated for
only one panel
• Is installed in back of each panels
• In example ENPHASE IQ7 is a
micro inverter for each panel
output can be regulated to our
need
• Even those micro inverters are
smart inverters

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Micro inverters vs inverters
B Y SAFE T Y B Y EF F IC I ENC Y

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Battery Backup Inverters
• are special inverters which are designed to draw energy from a
battery.
• manage the battery charge via onboard charger.
• export excess energy to the utility grid.
• These inverters are capable of supplying AC energy to selected loads
during a utility outage.
• required to have anti islanding protection.

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PV System related to Battery Backup
Inverters

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XW+

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FlinSlim Lite Solar Hybrid Inverter

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Q&A
Joseph Tohme
Khoder Batikh
Ibrahim Youssef

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