Design Project

RICE HUSK AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT ON CEMENT

1. Objective(s):

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Determine the optimum value of rice husk
2.2 Determine how effective is rice husk ash in concrete mix design
2.3 Determine if rice husk ash is economical to be used in concrete mix design
3. Discussion:
Concrete mix design is the process of selecting of ingredients for a mixture and deciding on their
proportions. The purpose of concrete mix design is to ensure the most optimum proportions of the
constituent materials to fulfill the requirement of the structure being built. Higher strength and durability
requires lower water-cement ratio. It is usually achieved not by increasing the cement content, but by
lowering the water at given cement content. Admixtures are natural or manufactured chemicals which
are added to the concrete before or during mixing. It may enhance the durability, workability or strength
characteristics of a given concrete mixture.

Workability, strength, and durability are three basics properties of concrete. Strength is to bear the
desired stresses within the permissible factor of safety in expected exposure condition. The factor
influencing the strength are: quality of cement, water-cement ratio, grading of aggregates, degree of
compaction, efficiency of curing, curing temperature, age at the time of testing, impact and fatigue.
Durability is mainly influenced by environmental exposure condition, freezing - thawing, contact to
aggressive chemicals, type and quality of constituent materials, water-cement ratio, workability, shape
and size of the member, degree of compaction, efficiency of curing, effectiveness of cover concrete,
porosity and permeability. Loading and weathering inter link voids and micro cracks present in transition
zone and network of same micro cracks gets connected to cracks on concrete surface which provides
primary mechanism of the fluid transport to interior of concrete.

Rice husk ash is commonly used as a partial replacement for cement in concrete mix. RHA, produced
after burning of Rice husks (RH) has high reactivity and pozzolanic property. Indian Standard code of
practice for plain and reinforced concrete, IS 456- 2000, recommends use of RHA in concrete but does
not specify quantities. Chemical compositions of RHA are affected due to burning process and
temperature. Silica content in the ash increases with higher the burning temperature. As per study by
Houston, D. F. (1972) RHA produced by burning rice husk between 600 and 700°C temperatures for 2
hours, contains 90-95% SiO2, 1-3% K2O and < 5% unburnt carbon. Under controlled burning condition
in industrial furnace, conducted by Mehta, P. K. (1992), RHA contains silica in amorphous and highly
cellular form, with 50-1000 m2/g surface area. So use of RHA with cement improves workability and
stability, reduces heat evolution, thermal cracking and plastic shrinkage. This increases strength
development, impermeability and durability by strengthening transition zone, modifying the pore-
structure, blocking the large voids in the hydrated cement paste through pozzolanic reaction. RHA
minimizes alkali-aggregate reaction, reduces expansion, refines pore structure and hinders diffusion of
alkali ions to the surface of aggregate by micro porous structure
4. Resources:
3 pieces Beam Mold (150x150x500 mm) 1 Trowel
3 pieces Cylindrical Mold (150x300 mm) 1 Bag of Type I (or Type IP) Cement
1 Set Slump Apparatus 2 Bags Fine Aggregates (F.A.) Sand
1 Weighing Scale 3 Bags Coarse Aggregates (C.A.) Gravel
2 Shovels Potable Water
5. Procedure:
Proper mixing of concrete ingredients is very much necessary as its fresh state as well as in hardened state.
A concrete is said to be well mixed if it fulfills the following requirements.
 Concrete mix should be uniform in color.
 Concrete should achieve proper consistency for which it is designed
 Complete blending of all concrete ingredients
 Cement paste should cover all the surface of the aggregate
Mixing and Curing
1. Clean and water tight platform should be used for mixing concrete.
2. Measured quantity of sand is spread evenly.
3. The required quantity of cement is dumped on the sand and spread evenly
4. The sand and cement is then mixed intimately with spade, turning the mixture over and over again
until it is of even color throughout and free from streaks.
5. The sand cement mixture is then spread out and measured quantity of coarse aggregate is spread
on its top. Alternatively, the measured quantity of coarse aggregate is spread out and the sand
cement mixture is then spread on its top.
6. The whole mass should be mixed at least three times by shoveling and turning over by twist from
center to side, then back to the center and again to the sides
7. A hollow is made in the middle of the mixed pile
8. Water is then gradually added so that water neither by itself nor with cement can escape. The mix
is turned over again usually by three times, until it happens in color and consistence.
9. Slump test is now performed by filling a slump apparatus mold of fresh concrete in three layers of
each equal volume. Each layer is compacted with 25 strokes of a tamping rod
10. Slump mold is lifted vertically upward and the change in height of the concrete is measured
11. Final fill the specimen mold in three layers of each equal volume and each layer is compacted with
25 strokes of tamping rod. Repeat and fill all other the specimen molds.
12. Place the concrete specimens in a room with constant temperature. After 24 hours of setting
remove all the early hardened concrete from the mold and submerged in bath tub full of water for
7-14 days curing period.
For design experiment

1. Clean and water tight platform should be used for mixing concrete.
2. Measured quantity of sand is spread evenly.
3. Get the 15% and 10% of the measured weight of the cement.
4. Based on the measured weight of the cement. Substitute the 15% and 10% of cement by the
chosen admixture.
5. The required quantity of cement is dumped on the sand and spread evenly
6. The sand and cement is then mixed intimately with spade, turning the mixture over and over again
until it is of even color throughout and free from streaks.
 7. The sand cement mixture is then spread out and measured quantity of coarse aggregate is spread
on its top. Alternatively, the measured quantity of coarse aggregate is spread out and the sand
cement mixture is then spread on its top.
8. The measured admixture Is then mix on the mixture.
9. The whole mass should be mixed at least three times by shoveling and turning over by twist from
center to side, then back to the center and again to the sides
10. A hollow is made in the middle of the mixed pile
11. Water is then gradually added so that water neither by itself nor with cement can escape. The mix
is turned over again usually by three times, until it happens in color and consistence.
12. Slump test is now performed by filling a slump apparatus mold of fresh concrete in three layers of
each equal volume. Each layer is compacted with 25 strokes of a tamping rod
13. Slump mold is lifted vertically upward and the change in height of the concrete is measured
14. Final fill the specimen mold in three layers of each equal volume and each layer is compacted with
25 strokes of tamping rod. Repeat and fill all other the specimen molds.
15. Place the concrete specimens in a room with constant temperature. After 24 hours of setting
remove all the early hardened concrete from the mold and submerged in bath tub full of water for
7-14 days curing period.

Course: CE405 Experiment No.: 7

Group No.: 1 Section: CE41FB2
Group Members: Batingan, Dezyl Angel A. Date Performed:
Leop, Keannel Date Submitted:
Panis, Ma Klarriz Instructor: Engr.Alpanorwen D. Aseo
Romano, Al
Valdez,Lovely Angelu S.
6. Data and Results:
6.1 Computed Weight per unit of Volume Proportion from ACI Concrete Mix Design
Materials Computed Weight per unit of Volume Proportion (kg/m3) Ratio
Water 1:2:4
Cement 1:2:4
Coarse Aggregate, (C.A.) :1:2:4
Fine Aggregates, (F.A.)

6.2 Tabulation of Total Weight of Materials

Number of Computed Weight Weight Total
Mold Volume of
Materials Specimen per unit of Volume Allowance Weights
Type mold (m3)
Molds Proportion (kg/m3 (%) (kg)
Cylinders Water
Cement 5 19.38
C.A. 5 129.21
F.A. 5 64.605
Beam Water 5 9
 Cement 5 19.38
C.A. 5 129.21
F.A. 5 64.605

6.3 Computation
VOLUME OF CYLINDERS
𝜋
𝑉 = 4 𝑑2ℎ

𝜋
𝑉= (6)2 (12)
4

(2.543 )(𝑐𝑚3 ) (103 )(𝑚𝑚3 )

𝑉 = 𝟑𝟑𝟗. 𝟐𝟗𝟐𝒊𝒏𝟑 x x = 𝑉 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟏𝟗 𝒎𝒎𝟑
1𝑖𝑛3 1𝑐𝑚3

𝑉 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟕𝟏𝟗
VOLUME OF BEAM
𝑉 = 𝑙𝑤ℎ
𝑉 = 15(15)(30)
1𝑚3 )
𝑉 = 𝟔𝟕𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒎𝟑 x 𝑽 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝟑
10003 𝑚𝑚3

Concrete Mix:

 Volume and Mass of Mixing water

Assumed slump height = 3-4in

Assumed Nominal Max Aggregates Size = ¾ in
CYLINDER
205
MW = (1000)(0.005559999719) = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟑𝟗𝟕𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟒𝟐𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟑 𝒎𝟑
BEAM
205
MW = (1000)(0.00000675 ) = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟖𝟑𝟕𝟓𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝒎𝟑

 Volume and Mass of Cement

Mixing water = 205

Water-Cement Ratio = 0.41
SG of Cement = 3.15

CYLINDER
205
( )
Cement = (1000)(3.15) (0.005559999719) = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟕𝟗𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
0.41

10% PARTIAL REPLACEMENT

205
( )
Cement = (1000)(3.15) (0.005559999719) = 𝟖. 𝟖𝟐𝟓𝟑𝟗𝟔𝟑𝟕𝟗𝒙𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝒎𝟑
0.41
7. Conclusion:
8. Assessment:
BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT
CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members
Members do not Members always
Manipulative occasionally
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills demonstrate needed
skills. skills.
skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials up the material with
Set-up
materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members
Members do not Members always
occasionally
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills.
process skills.
Members do not Members follow
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety safety precautions
Precautions precautions at all times.
precautions. most of the time.
II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management /
finish on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of
incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members have
Members do not
defined Members are on tasks
know their tasks and
responsibilities most and have defined
have no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require Members do not need to
occasional
independent supervision by the be supervised by the
supervision by the
work teacher. teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
24
× 100
9. Reference(s):
(ACI) Standard Practice 211.1 “Recommended practice for selecting proportions for Normal and
Heavyweight Concrete”.