BERHAMPUR-10, GANJAM, ODISHA

THE SEMINAR REPORT

ON
“WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION
VIA SOLAR POWER SATELLITE”
SUBMITTED TO

SUBMITTED BY
SUDHAKAR DALAI
ROLL NO :
SEC :
1ST SEMESTER
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

2018-21
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that is a bonafide

student of 1st SEMESTER, Branch- Electrical Engg., Regd. No-
of GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC ,
Berhampur during the year 2018-21 has continuing the technical
seminar on “WIRELESS POWER TRANSMISSION” as per curriculum
prescribed by Orissa.

Name :
Regd. No.
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that technical seminar on “WIRELESS POWER

TRANSMISSION” is genuine and work prepared by me and submitted to
GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, Berhampur, as partial fulfillment for
the award of diploma 1st semester.

The project work is original and conclusion drawn there in is based on

the data and information collection by me.

Guidance Signature

Signature of Student
 ACKNOW LEDGEMENT
The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any
work would be incomplete without naming the people who made it
possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement made this work a
perfect piece.

It has been my good fortune to work under the guidance of

Mr/Mrs our Seminar Guide. I take this opportunity
to express my sincere thanks, deepest sense of gratitude and heart
indebtedness of him for his support on parallel guidance and limit less
encouragement to carry out the Seminar Report. Whenever I needed that,
his strong trust on me has inspired me a lot.

NAME. –

REGD.No.-
Acknowledgement
First and foremost, I thank the Almighty God for His continual
guidance throughout my academic work to the accomplishment of this
project. The psychological and financial support and encouragement
from my family greatly aided the accomplishment of this project and to
them I am very grateful. Special thanks to my father and mother for their
sacrifices and guidance. I am very grateful to my supervisor, Dr.
Dharmadhikary Vasant and his assistant Mr. Gevira Omondi for their
useful guidance and incites throughout the project, it has been a great
pleasure for me to get an opportunity to work under the tutelage of both
of you. My appreciation goes to all my lecturers, lab technologists in the
department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at the University of
Nairobi who impacted knowledge in me and accorded me help. Lastly to
my classmates and friends in the department thank you.
Abstract
Wireless charging of gadgets is one of the new emerging technologies in
the world at the moment. The most common method used at the moment
is wireless power transfer by inductive coupling. . Wireless power
transfer is one of the simplest and inexpensive ways of charging as it
eliminate the use of conventional copper cables and current carrying
wires. In this project write up, a methodology and principle of operation
are devised for wireless power transfer through inductive coupling, and a
feasible design is modeled accordingly. The inductive coupling
technique is used since currently it’s the easiest method of wireless
power transfer because of high efficiency and large amount of the
energy transferred. In the report paper, results of experiments done to
check wireless working will be shown. Also to further show its
versatility and range of applications the power transferred will be used to
charge a battery with the aid of additional circuitry. We will also study
the effect of placing hurdles between the transmitter and receiver so as
to establish if it is an alternative in the medical industry for charging
pace makers etc. This research work focuses on the study of wireless
power transfer for the purpose of transferring energy at maximum
efficiency within a small range or in the near field region
INTRODUCTION

1.1Background If you are using an electronic device perhaps a mobile

phone and you need to recharge the battery then you will probably have
to get a charger and connect the phone to the wire. But what if you could
charge it without having to connect it to wire? Meaning power will be
transferred wirelessly. This is possible through a concept called Wireless
Power Transmission. Research and studies have been done ever since
the 19th century but it is only recently that this concept has begun to be
implemented. Currently engineers are trying to discover how to increase
the efficiency of power transmitted wirelessly and also methods that that
are safe to human beings and the environment and notwithstanding,
methods that are cheaper and hence can be commercially viable. Though
still in the early stages, several electronic companies are beginning to
roll out devices that can wirelessly transmit power. Wireless power
transmission (WPT) is based on the principle of electromagnetic
induction. Electromagnetic induction works on the concept of a primary
coil generating a predominantly magnetic field and a secondary coil
being within that field so a current is induced within its coils. This
causes the relatively short range due to the amount of power required to
produce an electromagnetic field.
1.2 Problem Statement The project seeks to eliminate the use of wires in
the transmission of power from the source to the device to be powered.
Although WPT is based on electromagnetic induction, there are various
methods that are used. Some are less efficient than others and costly
while others don’t allow for a longer range of transmission. In this
project, it is required to design and construct an electronic device that
shall transmit power within a small range. The device can then be used
to charge batteries for devices like pace makers. In the project a suitable
method will be used to ensure that enough power is transmitted
wirelessly so that it can then charge batteries. The major challenge will
be in the coupling circuit which comprises of the coils where
electromagnetic induction occurs. The number of turns of the coil,
inductance
Objectives
The project has a main objective whose achievement is aided by
breaking it further down into other smaller specific objectives. This
helps in showing comprehensively how the final objective of the project
is achieved in a clear and concise manner.
1.3.1 Overall objective The main objective of the project is to develop a
device for wireless power transfer
1.3.2 Specific objectives The project will be divided into the following
specific objectives that will aid in achieving the Design the receiver
module and rectify the ac voltage received on the receiver

 Develop transmitter and receiver coils.

 Design and assemble an appropriate oscillator.

 Step up the dc supply.

 Design and assemble a power supply unit.

main objective Designing a battery charging circuit

.coil.

Justification for the Study

The need for devices that can wirelessly transmit power has over the
years increased. Currently a lot of research is being conducted in order
to obtain suitable methods that can be used in the development of such
devices. The following are reasons why it is important
a) Flexibility: WPT will eliminate the use of conductors and wires.
Rather than have many wires running from a power source to power
devices, the power can be transmitted wirelessly hence the mess caused
by cables can be avoided and also more devices can be powered without
having them all placed next to the power source
b) Safety: With the increase in electrification in areas, cases of electrical
shocks have been rampant as people and even animals end up touching
the conductors. WPT will eliminate these conductors hence preventing
the electrical shocks.
c) Convenience: The application of WPT will enable the convenient use
of devices. For example, in the medical field pacemakers which use
batteries can be recharged rather
For any electromagnetic source both electric (E-fields) and magnetic (H-
fields) fields are generated around it. These fields are characterized by
the radiative and non-radiative components. Depending on the distance
from the source they can either be near field, transition zone or far field.
The transition zone possesses characteristics of both the near and far
field transfers. The near field region can be said to be the found within
the radius of a wavelength while far field region is the area outside a
radius of two wavelengths.
This however is for transmitters and receivers that have diameters
shorter than the wavelength being used. The near field transfers have all
the polarization types i.e. vertical, horizontal, elliptical and circular
while the far field transfer only has one type. This far in research the
near field transfer has been found to have a higher efficiency during
transfer of power. This can be attributed to the decrease in both electric
and magnetic fields proportionally to the distance from the source. In
addition, the near-field region allows higher diffraction of the wave,
resulting in stronger penetrability and weak directivity on a short range.
In light of all these, more research is being focused on development of
the near field transfers as compared to far field transfer. Both near field
transfer and far field are further categorized based on the method of
operation of the transfer. Some of the methods are as follows:

Far Field Transfer

 a) Microwave Power transfer In this method, dc is fed to the
microwave generator which converts it to microwaves. This
radiation is passed through the coaxial-waveguide adaptor,
and then through the waveguide circulator, which reduces
the radiation to exposure from outside power. Finally the
radiation passes through the tuner and directional coupler
device, which separates the signal according to signal
propagation direction. The radiation is then transmitted
over the air through antennae, where it is received by the
antenna at the rectenna, at which the microwave radiation
passes through a low pass filter, then a matching network,
and then a rectifier as it is converted to DC power
The other methods in far field transfer are:
b) Photo electricity
c) Propagating electromagnetic waves

General Principle of Design From the theory in chapter 4 the general

principle of operation was designed using inductive coupling and
ensuring that the power transfer was as efficient as possible and the
transfer within the near field. The design also ensured for purposes of
versatility and optimization the battery charging circuit was energy
efficient and prevented losses. The circuit was divided into two sections:
1. Transmitter Circuit 2. Receiver Circuit The transmitter circuit
comprised of the power supply, boost converter, royer oscillator and the
copper laminated coils. The receiver side had the receiver coil, rectifier,
LCD, Atmega 328 microcontroller and the switching circuit that used
the CD4066. The figure below shows the block diagram of the design.
Application of Microcontrollers
Microcontrollers have many applications across the technological fields’
nowadays. Some of the most common applications are; Light sensing

In Day to day activities; & controlling devices Temperature sensing

and controlling devices

 Fire detection & safety devices Industrial instrumentation devices

 Process control devices

 Process control devices

 Industrial instrumentation devices

In Industries; In Metering and measurement devices Measuring

revolving objects

 Volt Meter

 Hand-held metering systems

Oscillator
The royer oscillator was chosen because of its simplicity yet powerful
design. It is capable of generating very high oscillating current which is
necessary to increase the strength of the magnetic field. This is
achieved by the semi-conductor used. In this case, the IR 540 power
mosfets. However due to the large current, heating occurred in the
MOSFETs thus heat sinks were attached to them. When the voltage was
stepped up to 30V dc, upon doing the initial test the transmitter circuit
didn’t oscillate yet the first MOSFET was rapidly heating up. It was
discovered that due to voltage being fed rising too slowly on power up
a short circuit occurred. To solve this issue, a reset switch was
introduced between the power supply and the oscillator circuit. The
switch also enabled the circuit to be reset once the MOSFETs heated
up. It was also observed that as much as the voltage to the oscillator
had been stepped up, the power being received on the load coil wasn’t
enough to power the battery charging circuit. This was attributed to the
receiver coil being slightly out of resonance thus it wasn’t able to
receive the power well. To solve this we ensured that the coils had the
same number of turns and the capacitors used were identical so that
both the transmitter and receiver circuits had the same resonant
frequency
Conclusions
The objectives of the project were met. An electronic device that
wirelessly transmits power and then charges batteries was developed.
We were able to design discrete components such as the royer
oscillator, coils and a full bridge voltage rectifier for the system design
process. Conclusions that were drawn from the project study are as
follows:

1. Based on the theory of wireless charging via inductive coupling,

which was the method used in the project, it was seen that various
aspects i.e. distance, resonant frequency, quality factor; coil turns ratio
determine the efficiency of WPT. In addition there is an exponential
decay for power versus the distance of separation.

2. From the analysis it was seen that at 0cm separation distance, the
power transfer was most efficient as seen by the brightness of the test
lamps.

3. From the project WPT for short range or near field occurred up to a
distance of 5cm after which the power transferred began to
significantly drop.

4. It can also be concluded that WPT can be used in other applications.

In the project we were able to charge a 9V battery from power that was
transmitted wirelessly.

5. Lastly, we can conclude that WPT is not affected by non-magnetic

materials shielding the two coils. This therefore means that it can be
effectively used in the medical field to charge pacemakers and other
devices
REFERENCES

[1] D. Chattopadhyay, Electronics (fundamentals And Applications) 7th

Ed. New Dehli, India: New Age Pub., 2006.

[2] Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, The Art of Electronics, 2nd Ed.
Cambridge, England: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1989.

[3] U.A. Bakshi and A.P.Godse, Electronic Devices And Circuits I, 3rd Ed.
Pune, India: Technical Pub., 2008.

[4] A. F. J. Levi, Applied Quantum Mechanics, 2nd Ed. Cambridge,

England: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006. [5] Luciano Mescia et al,
Innovative Materials and Systems for Energy Harvesting Applications,
Hershey PA: IGI Global, 2015.

[6] W. C. Brown (1996, January). The History of Wireless Power

Transmission: Solar energy [Online] Available:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0038092X9500080B

[7] Mandip Jung Sibakoti and Joey Hambleton (2011, December)

Wireless Power Transmission Using Magnetic Resonance [Online]
Available: http://www.cornellcollege.edu/physics-and-
engineering/pdfs/phy-312/mandip-sibakoti.pdf

[8] Dr. Morris Kesler (2013) Highly Resonant Wireless Power Transfer:
Safe, Efficient, and over Distance [Online] Available:
http://www.witricity.com/assets/highly-resonant-power-transfer-
kesler-witricity-2013.pdf