gm{hË` g§nmXH$ : AemoH$ ~|S>Iio

g§nmXH$ _§S>i : CÁÁdbm _oh|Xio

_wIn¥ð> : nw§S>{bH$ dPo
aoIm{MÌo/gOmdQ> : gVre ImZ{dbH$a
AZwdmX {deofm§H$ 2017
gwaoIm g~Zrg aoImQ>Zo : à_moXHw$_ma AUoamd
Am°JñQ>-Am°ŠQ>mo~a 2017 Am{U
aoIm Zmd}H$a {Z{_©Vr : _w§~B© _amR>r gm{hË` g§K
Zmoìh|~a-OmZodmar 2018 OmoS> A§H$
àH$meH$ : CÁÁdbm _oh|Xio
N>nmB© : B§{S>`m {à§qQ>J àog, dS>mim
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H$mX§~ar {deofm§H$mMo _hmamï´>mÀ`m AZoH$ ^mJm§VyZ CÎm_ ñdmJV Pmbo. `m {deofm§H$mMohr Aä`mgH$ ñdmJV H$aVrb Aer Amem.
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AZw^dgwÕm _hÎdmMo AmhoV.
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~mi ^mboamd, àm. Cfm Vm§~o d S>m°. CÁÁdbm _oh|Xio `m§Mo Zoh_rà_mUo àmoËgmhZ {_imbo. VgoM g§nmXH$ _§S>imVrb gd©
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XoIUr aoIm{MÌo d gOmdQ> A§H$m§Mr AmH$f©H$Vm dmT>dUmao Amho Am{U A§H$mÀ`m CÎm_ N>nmB©_Ü`o "J«§Wmbr'Mo gwXoe qhJbmgnyaH$a
d `mo{JVm _moao `m§Mm dmQ>m _hÎdmMm Amho, Ë`m gdmªMo Am^ma.
_mÂ`m g§nmXZmImbr {ZKUmam hm eodQ>Mm A§H$. {Zamon KoVmZm Joë`m ghm dfm©V ghH$m`© {Xboë`m gdmªMo Am^ma.
Om{hamVXma gd© dmMH$, boIH$ d AZwdmXH$ `m§Zm XrnmdbrÀ`m d Zddfm©À`m hm{X©H$ ew^oÀN>m!
- AemoH$ ~|S>Iio

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 1

 gm{hË`
ñWmnZm : OmZodmar 1947
g§nmXH$s` nÎmm : 2/309, {d_mZXe©Z gmogm`Q>r, ghma añVm, A§Yao r (ny.), _w~§ B© 400069
XÿaÜdr : 26838585
ì`dñWmnH$s` nÎmm : _w§~B© _amR>r gm{hË` g§K, gm{hË` g§K _§{Xa, S>m°. ^mboamd _mJ©, {JaJmd, _w§~B© 400004.
XÿaÜdZr : 23876158, 23856303
Email : sahityasangha@gmail.com & sahityasangh@mtnl.net.in
www.mumbaimarathisahityasangh.com
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dJ©UrXma hmoD$ BpÀN>Umè`m§gmR>r _m{hVr :
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Agbobr "^mH$ar' qH$dm "nmoir' qH$dm "MnmVr' qH$dm
"amoQ>r' qH$dm "namR>m' qH$dm "\w$bH$m' ho Ho$di EH$mM
eãXmMo n`m©` ZmhrV. `mVrb àË`oH$ eãX Ë`m Hw$Qw>§~mMo
gm_m{OH$ ñWmZ, VoWrb dmVmdaU, VoWrb AÝZ{df`H$
YmaUm gy{MV H$aUmam Amho. `mMm AZwdmX H$gm H$aUma?
"~ZJadmS>r'À`m YZJam§ M o dU© Z H$aVmZm ì`§ H $Q>o e
_mS>JyiH$a gm§JVmV, ""Myi ^ê$Z Vmo XmoZ nm`m§da ~go
Am{U Anwè`m COoS>mV ^mH$ar ImD$ bmJo. OodU qH$dm
^moOZ hm eãX {VWo _mhrV Zmhr. ^mH$ar ImUo! OodU
åhQ>bo H$s Ë`mV H$Xm{MV AmUIr EImXm nXmW© `oVmo, Vmo
YZJam§Zm R>mD$H$ Zmhr. Ë`mMr Oéarhr Zmhr. Vo \$ŠV XmoZ
doim ^mH$ar ImVmV. {haì`m ^mOrÀ`m nmë`mer, EImÚm
H$m§Úmer, {M_yQ>^a MQ>Urer qH$dm {_R>mer!'' Amgm_ -
~§Jmb - Amo{S>em `oWrb J«m_rU ^mJm§V AemM àH$mao
"OodU H$aUo' `m AWu "^mV ImUo' hm eãXà`moJ dmnabm
OmVmo. H$maU ~ZJadmS>rVrb YZJam§À`m ^mH$arà_mUoM
{VWë`m J«m_rU ^mJmVrb bmoH$m§Mo EH$_od AÝZ ^mV hoM
AgVo. {d{eï> gm§ñH¥${VH$ N>Q>m Agbobo ho J«m_OrdZmVrb
eãXà`moJ AZwdmXmV AZwdmXH$mMr H$gmoQ>r nmhVmV.
 nmümË` ^moOZmÀ`m {eï>mMmamV Proposing toast
hm EH$ àH$ma Amho. _oOdmZrnydu gm_wXm{`H$ _ÚnmZ Ho$bo
OmVo. Ë`mdoir CnpñWVm§n¡H$s H$moUmMm {deof Jm¡ad
H$amd`mMm Agob Va Ë`m ì`ŠVr{df`r Jm¡admMo Mma eãX
~mobZy hmVmVrb _ÚmMm ß`mbm C§Mmdbm OmVmo. `m àWobm
'Proposing toast' Ago åhUVmV. Aem VèhoMr àWm
Amnë`mH$S>o Zgë`m_wio d _ÚnmZmg Aem VèhoMr
gm_m{OH$ à{Vð>m Zgë`m_wio `m dmŠàMmamMo, {eï>mMmamMo
Am{U VXZwf{§ JH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ {d{eï>VM o o AZwdmXmÀ`m doir
H$m` H$amd`mMo Agm àý AZwdmXH$mg nS>Vmo.
H$mhr {d{eï> emar[aH$ {H«$`m-à{V{H«$`m§Zm {d{^ÝZ
^m{fH$ g§ñH¥$Vt_Ü`o doJdoJù`m Ñ{ï>H$moZm§VZy nm{hbo Am{U
Cëbo{Ibo OmVo. CXmhaUmW©, OodVmZm qH$dm OodUmZ§Va
T>oH$a XoUo ho nmümË` g§ñH¥$VrZwgma A{eï>nUmMo bjU
Amho; Va ^maVr` g§ñH¥$Vr_Ü`o Vo OodUmè`mÀ`m V¥ßVrMo
bjU Amho . "kmZo œ ar'_Ü`o "V¥ ß VrMo T>o H $a' Am{U
"YmbonUmMo T>Ho $a' Ago CëboI AmhoV. nmümË` gm{hË`mV
EImÚm nmÌmZo T>oH$a {Xë`mMm CëboI Agbm Va Vmo
Hw$Moï>oZo, Ë`m nmÌmMm Jmd§T>inUm AYmoao{IV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
`oVmo. Va ^maVr` gm{hË`mV Agm CëboI H$m¡VHw $mZo, OodU
~Z{dUmè`m ì`ŠVrÀ`m _Zm_Yrb H¥$VH¥$Ë`Vm ì`ŠV
H$aÊ`mgmR>r Ambobm AgÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm Amho. Ë`m
CëboIm_mJrb Vr Vr N>Q>m AZwdmXmV CVa{dUo ho AmìhmZ
Amho.
ê$ng§nÝZ à_XoMo AmigQ>bobo Xoh{d^«_ hr EH$
AmH$f©H$ AXmH$mar åhUyZ g§ñH¥$V_Yrb "AbgJ_Zm'
Am{U qhXr_Yrb "A§JS>mB`m±' `m H$m¡VwH$^aë`m eãXm§VyZ
A{^ì`ŠV hmoV.o _amR>rV `mMm ~amo~a AZwdmX hmoBb © Agm
eãXM Zmhr; H$maU _amR>r g§ñH¥$VrV Vr g§H$ënZmM Zmhr.
"VrW©' eãXmMm AZwdmX B§p½be_Ü`o hmoUma Zmhr;
H$maU Vr ^mfm ~mobUmè`m§À`m g§ñH¥$Vr_Ü`o Ë`m_mJrb
g§H$ënZmM ApñVËdmV Zmhr. _mJo EH$m qhXr {MÌnQ>mV `m
g§X^m©Vrb EH$ àg§J hmoVm. {MÌnQ>mÀ`m Zm`H$mZo EH$m
nmümË` ñÌrer {ddmh Ho$bobm AgVmo Am{U {Vbm Amnbo
Jmd XmI{dÊ`mgmR>r Vmo KoD$Z Ambobm AgVmo. JmdmÀ`m
gr_odaM _§{Xa AgVo. Zm`H$mMm ~mb{_Ì AmVm Ë`m
_§{XamV nwOmar AgVmo. Vmo `m Xm§nË`mÀ`m hmVm§da XodmMo
VrW© XoVmo. Zm`H$mMr nËZr "ho H$m` Amho' åhUyZ Zm`H$mg
{dMmaVo. Voìhm H$m` gm§Jmdo ho Ë`mbm gwMZo mgo hmoV.o eodQ>r
Vmo åhUVmo, "It is the water with which the idol is
washed.'' (""ho _yVu YwVbobo nmUr Amho.'') Voìhm nËZrbm
{H$ig dmQy>Z Vr hmVmVrb VrW© Q>mHy$Z XoVo. nwOmar {_Ì
Zm`H$mda ^S>H$Vmo . Á`m nÕVrZo Zm`H$mZo VrWm© M o
ñnï>rH$aU {Xbo Ë`m_wio nËZrbm {H$ig dmQ>Uo ñdm^m{dH$
Amho. nwOmar {_ÌmMo ^S>H$Uohr ñdm^m{dH$ Amho Am{U
VrW© åhUOo H$m` ho Zo _ Ho $ gm§ J Vm `o V Zgë`mMr
AJ{VH$Vmhr ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. Zm`H$mMm A{^Z` H$aUmao
Hw$b^yfU Ia~§Xm, nwOmar {_ÌmMr ^y{_H$m H$aUmao Z{géÔrZ
emh Am{U nËZrÀ`m ^y{_Ho$Vrb Oo{Z\$a `m§Zr Amnë`m
Aà{V_ A{^Z`mVyZ hr gmar ñdm^m{dH$Vm àojH$m§n`ªV
`eñdrnUo nmoMdbr Amho.
n{VnËZrÀ`m d¡dm{hH$ OrdZmMm àma§^ Xe©{dUmè`m
"J^m©YmZ{dYr', "gwhmJamV' Am{U "hZr_yZ' `m doJdoJù`m
g§ñH¥$Vt_Yrb g§H$ënZm AmhoV. AZwdmX H$aVmZm `m§Vrb
àË`oH$ eãXmMr AW©H$jm Am{U g§ñH¥${VH$jm doJdoJir
Amho, ho bjmV ¿`mdoM bmJob. "S>mohmio' `m eãXmMm
AZwdmX Hw$R>ë`mhr naŠ`m ^mfoV hmoD$M eH$Uma Zmhr.
H$maU Ë`m_mJo g§ñH¥$VrZo eVH$mZweVHo$ Omonmgbobr YmaUm,
lÕm d VËg§b½Z AgUmao ^md~§Y AÝ` ^m{fH$ g_mOm§V
AgUma ZmhrV. B§p½be^m{fH$ g_mOmV {ddmh hm XmoZ
ì`ŠVt_Yrb H$ama Agë`m_wio 'divorce' `m eãXmbm
Ho $ di H$m`Úmer g§ ~ § Y Agm éj AW© Amho , Va
"KQ>ñ\$moQ>' `m eãXm_Ü`oM H$mhrVar nm{dÍ`_yë` CX²ÜdñV
Pmë`mMm ÜdZr Amho. hm XmoZ g§ñH¥$Vt_Yrb \$aH$mMm
n[aUm_ Amho. B§p½be_Yrb "~m°`\«|$S>' d "Jb©\«|$S>' `m
eãXm§Zm _amR>rV à{VeãX ZmhrVM. "{à`H$a' Am{U
"ào`gr' `m eãXm§VyZ Üd{ZV hmoUmar ^mdZmoËH$Q>Vm Am{U
{Zð>m Ë`m Zì`m g§H$ënZm§_Ü`o A{^àoV Zgë`m_wio Vo eãX
`m ~m~VrV H$mb~mø Pmbobo AmhoV. _amR>r_Ü`o Am{U
AÝ` ^maVr` ^mfm§ _ Ü`o Ambo b o ZmVo d mMH$ eãX,
CXmhaUmW©, _m_m, _m_r, H$mH$m, H$mH$s, AmË`m, _mder,
_ohþUm, _ohþUr, gmSy>, ^mMm, ^mMr, nwVÊ`m, nwVUr
BË`mXtZm ^maVm~mhoarb AÝ` ^mfm§_Ü`o `mo½` à{VeãX
ZmhrV. H$maU `m gJù`m eãXm§V doJdoJù`m àH$maMo
^md~§Y AmhoV, Vo AÝ` ^mfm§Vrb ZmVodmMH$ eãXm§_Ü`o
ZmhrV. {dñVm[aV Hw$Qw>§~g§ñWm ho ^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrMo EH$
A§JM Amho.
doJdoJù`m ^maVr` ^mfm§Mr eãXH$im doJdoJir
Agë`m_wio EH$mM eãXmÀ`m dm gÑe eãXm§À`m AW©ÀN>Q>m
XmoZ ^maVr` ^mfm§_Ü`o {^ÝZ AgVmV. AZwdmX H$aVmZm
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 5
`mMo ^mZ R>odbo Zmhr Va MwH$sMo g§XoedhZ hmoÊ`mMr
eŠ`Vm AgVo. CXmhaUmW©, Hw$a©Vb w EoZ h¡Xa `m§À`m "AmJ
H$m X[a`m' `m CXy© H$mX§~arMm AZwdmX _amR>r_Ü`o "AmJrMm
X`m©' `m erf©H$mZo lrnmX Omoer `m§Zr Ho$bobm Amho. "X`m©'
hm nwp§ ëb¨Jr eãX CXy_© Ü`o "_moR>r ZXr' (g§ñH¥$VmVrb "ZX',
Oer ~«÷nwÌm hr g§ñH¥$V_Ü`o "~«÷nwÌ' hm ZX Amho) `m
AWm©Zo dmnabm OmVmo. qhXr_Ü`ogwÕm Vmo Ë`m AWm©Zo
dmnabm OmVmo. _amR>r Am{U H$m|H$Ur_Ü`o Agbobm "X`m©'
hm eãX _mÌ "g_wÐ' `m AWu dmnabm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio
"AmJrMm X`m©' hm AZwdmX Am{U Ë`mV {R>H${R>H$mUr `oUmar
"X`m©'Mr à{V_m _yi H¥$VrBVH$s ghO-ñdm^m{dH$ ~ZV
Zmhr. H$mbmVrVVm Am{U H$mbgmnojVm `m XmoÝhrbm EH$mM
doir ñne© H$aUmam EH$ {demb nQ> "AmJ H$m X[a`m' `m
{demb ZXrÀ`m à{V_oVZy Ame`gyÌmV Jw\§ $Ê`mMo bo{IHo$Mo
H$m¡eë` Ë`m_wio AZwdmXmV Ab{jV am{hbo Amho. "àdmgr'
`m eãXmMm qhXrVrb AW© "naXoemV ñWm{`H$ Pmbobm'
Agm Amho. _amR>rV _mÌ Vmo eãX "àdmg H$aUmam',
"Q´>ì° hba' `m AWm©Zo dmnabm OmVmo. "hH$sH$V' `m eãXmMm
_amR>rVrb AW© Ho$di "KQ>Zm', "KS>bb o r Jmoï>' Agm Amho.
qhXrV Am{U CXy©V _mÌ Ë`m eãXmbm "Iar KQ>Zm',
"àm_m{UH$nUo gm§{JVbobr KS>bobr Jmoï>' Ago {deof
Am{YŠ`_yë` Amho. AZwdmX H$aVmZm, gÑe {XgUmè`m
Aem eãXm§ À `m Zo _ Š`m AW© À N>Q>m gm§ ^ miUo hr
AZwdmXH$mMr _moR>rM O~m~Xmar AgVo.
Ab§H$mam§À`m ~m~VrVhr AemM AS>MUr {Z_m©U
hmoVmV. "qghH$Q>r', "H$mo{H$bñda', "h[aUmjr' `m§gmaIr
ê$nHo$ gd© ^mfm§_Ü`o n[aM`mMr AgVrbM Ago Zmhr.
ê$nH$m§À`m ~m~VrV EH$ doi ZmdrÝ`mÀ`m ZmdmImbr Am{U
C{MV eãX`moOZoÀ`m gmhmæ`mZo H$m_ YHy$Z ZoVm `oBb © . nU
`m ê$nH$m§VyZ Ooìhm H¥${Verb ì`{VaoH$m§Mr Y_mb H$dr
H$arV OmVmo Voìhm AZwdmXmgmR>r IamoIaM _moR>r AS>MU
{Z_m©U hmoVo. CXmhaUmW©,
""gdmªJm_{Y ì`§J Zgo, H${e ZImZIr ^abr bmbr
H§$~a nmhþ{Z qgh _ñVH$s `oH$m§{V ~¡gZw r Ywi Kmbr''
`m J§Jy h¡~VrÀ`m bmdUrVrb AWdm
""Z`Z VwPo nmhVm _¥Jm§Zr Vm|S> Iwngbo VZmZr''
`m AZ§V\§$XrÀ`m bmdUrVrb ì`{VaoH$m§Mm AZwdmX
H$gm H$am`Mm? Zm{`Ho$Mr H§$~a qghmÀ`m H§$~aoà_mUo
~marH$ Amho qH$dm {VMo S>mi o o h[aUmÀ`m S>mù
o `m§gmaIo gwX§ a
AmhoV ho åhUUo {Zamio, Am{U {VMr H§$~a nmhÿZ qghmZo
6 n gm{hË`
EH$m§VmV ~gyZ S>mŠo `mV Yyi KmbyZ KoVbr Am{U {VMo S>mio o
nmhÿ Z h[aUm§ Z r Amnbr Vm| S > o JdVmV bndbr Ago
{H« $ `mË_H$ ì`{Vao H $mZo dU© Z H$aUo {Zamio . _y i
gm{hË`H¥$Vrer àm_m{UH$ amhÊ`mg à{V~Õ AgUmè`m
EImÚm AZwdmXH$mZo ømMo gai gai ^mfm§Va Ho$bo Va
na^mfoVrb dmMH$ Jm|YiyZM OmB©b. Ë`mbm H$mhrM
AW©~moY hmoUma Zmhr.
H$mhr H$mhr dmL²>_`rZ g§Ho$V EImÚm g§ñH¥$VrZo
{Z_m©U Ho$boë`m ^m{fH$ dmL²>_`mV na§naoZo ÑT>_yb Pmbobo
AgVmV. `m g§Ho$Vm§À`m {Z{_©Vr_mJo bmoH$ g_OwVr,
nyd©H$mimVrb H$dtMr àm{V^ {Z{_©Vr, Am{X~§YmË_H$
YmaUm BË`mXr H$maH$ KQ>H$ AgVmV. gd©ñdr {^ÝZ
g§ ñ H¥ $ VrVrb ^mfo _ Ü`o AZw d mX H$aVmZm ho g§ H o $ V
AS>MUtÀ`m ê$nmV gm_moao `oVmV. H$mgdr dmËgë`^aë`m
Ñï>rZoM Amnë`m {nbm§Mo nmofU H$aVo, ZmJ g§JrVmZo bwãY
hmoVmo, ZmJ Sy>I Yê$Z H$mbm§VamZo X§e H$aVmo, MmVH$ njr
Ho$di nmdgmMo Obq~Xy àmeZ H$ê$Z Amnbr VhmZ
^mJdVmo, MH$moa njr Mm§XUo àmeZ H$aVmo, MH«$dmH$
nú`mMo `wJwb H$_imÀ`m nmZm_wio nañnam§nmgyZ {dbJ
hmoD$Z nañnam§À`m ^oQ>rgmR>r {dbmn H$arV amhVo, ho AgoM
g§ñH¥$V gm{hË`mV Am{U Ë`mÀ`m dmaemZo _amR>r gm{hË`mV
pñWanX Pmbobo dmL²>_`rZ g§H$o V AmhoV. gm{hË`H¥$Vt_Ü`o
Ë`m§Mo g§X^© CXmhaUm§XmIb AWdm Ab§H$ma`moOZo_Ü`o
AWdm à{V_m§À`m ê$nmV AWdm dmŠàMmam§_Ü`o `oV
amhVmV. Á`m ^m{fH$ g§ñH¥$VrV ho g§Ho$V ê$Obobo ZmhrV
Aem ^mfm§_Ü`o AZwdmX H$aVmZm Vo AS>MUr {Z_m©U
H$aVmV.
àË`oH$ ^mfoMr ñdV:Mr EH$ ñVaì`dñWm AgVo.
H$moU H$moUmer g§^mfU H$arV Amho `mda eãXm§Mr {ZdS>
Am{U ^mfmà`moJmÀ`m bH$~r Adb§~Zy AgVmV. gJù`mV
gmYo CXmhaU ¿`m`Mo Pmbo Va, _amR>r_Ü`o "Vy', "Vwåhr'
Am{U "AmnU' hr VrZ {ÛVr` nwéfmMr gd©Zm_o AmhoV,
VerM qhXr_Ü`o "Vy', "Vw_' Am{U "Amn' hr {ÛVr`
nwéfmMr gd©Zm_o AmhoV. dada nmhVm hr gd©Zm_o AZwH$« _mZo
g_H$j AmhoV Ago dmQ>Vo. na§Vw àË`jmV Vgo Zmhr.
_amR>r_Ü`o "Vy' ho g§~moYZ gam©g Amnë`mnojm d`mZo bhmZ
Agboë`m ì`ŠVrgmR>r qH$dm CËH$Q> ào_ Agboë`m
ì`ŠVrgmR>r (åhUOo AmB©, ~hrU, ^mD$, {_Ì, _¡ÌrU,
{à`H$a-ào`gr, n{V-nËZr dJ¡a)o g§~moYZmW© dmnabo OmVo;
Va qhXr_Ü`o Vo Ho$di bKwËdàñWmnH$M AgVo. EImÚmbm
"Vy' Ago g§~moYUo åhUOo Ë`mMm An_mZ H$aUo AgoM
gd©gmYmaUnUo _mZbo OmVo. _amR>r_Ü`o "Vy'Mm dmna Ho$bm
OmUmè`m ì`ŠVtgmR> r qhXr_Ü`o gam© g "Vw _ ' Am{U
H$YrH$Yr "Amn'Mmhr dmna Ho$bm OmVmo. d`mZo Á`oð>
ì`ŠVtgmR>r Am{U Aënn[a{MV AWdm An[a{MV
ì`ŠVtgmR>r _amR>rV "Vwåhr'Mm gam©g dmna Ho$bm OmVmo, Va
qhXr_Ü`o "Vw_' ho g§~moYZ Ho$di OdiÀ`m ì`ŠVtgmR>rM
dmnabo OmVo. d An[a{MVm§gmR>r, Aënn[a{MVm§gmR>r qH$dm
AmXaUr` ì`ŠVtgmR>r "Amn' hoM gam©g dmnabo OmVo.
Aem ì`ŠVtgmR>r "Vw_'Mm dmna H$aUo An_mZmñnX _mZbo
OmVo. _amR>rV _mÌ "AmnU' ho g§~moYZ - gd©Zm_ Ho$di
Á`m ì`ŠVtgmR>rMm AmXa^md Amnë`mbm _wÔm_ AYmoa{o IV
H$am`Mm AgVmo, Ë`m§À`mgmR>rM dmnabo OmVo. AÝ`Wm
Ë`m_Ü`o naHo$nUmMr ^mdZm S>moH$mdë`mgmaIo EoH$Umè`mg
dmQ>V.o _amR>r Am{U qhXr `m ^mfm§_Ü`o nmañn[aH$ AZwdmX
H$aVmZm Ë`m Ë`m ^mfoMr hr ñVaì`dñWm gm§^miUo
Amdí`H$ AgVo. `mMohr ^mZ AZwdmXmV R>do mdo bmJVo. hr
ñVaì`dñWm Ho $ di g§ ~ mo Y Zmnw a VrM _`m© { XV AgVo
Ago Zmhr. dñVy§Mr Zmdo, emar[aH$ {H«$`m, dmŠàMma,
gyMZm `m§_Yrb ^mfoMr {ZdS> {_Ìm{_Ìm§À`m, _¡{ÌUtÀ`m,
ñÌrnwéfm§À`m, g_yh-n[admamÀ`m g§^mfUm§_Ü`o doJdoJir
AgVo. `mMohr ^mZ AZwdmX H$aVmZm R>odmdo bmJVo.
""^mfm§Vam_Ü`o XmoZ ^m{fH$ Am{U gm{hpË`H$ ì`dñWm§Mm
nañnag§~§Y Am{U g§`moJ KSy>Z `oV AgVmo. åhUyZM
^mfm§Va ì`dhmamVë`m g§~§{YV ^mfm Oa nañnam§nmgyZ
^m¡ J mo { bH$ÑîQ> ç m Am{U H$mbÑîQ> ç m A{Ve` {^ÝZ
AgVrb Va ^mfm§VamMo H$m_ A{Ve` AdKS> hmoD$Z
~gVo.'' ho adtÐ qH$~hþZo `m§Mo {dYmZ `m g§X^m©V _hÎdmMo
Amho.
Ho$edgwVm§Zr "Z¡F©$Ë`oH$S>rb dmam' `m H${dVoV
Z¡F$© Ë`oH$Sy>Z `oUmè`m dmè`mMo _moR>o ^mdnyU© dU©Z Ho$bo Amho.
""œmgm§ht {b{hbr, {dam_ {XgVr Á`m§_m{O ~mînr` Vo
àrVrMo ~ado g_W©Z Ago g§ñn¥ø Á`m§_m{O Vo;
H$m§VoMr Agbr _bm ndZ hr nÌo AVm XoVgo;
S>moio PmHw${Z dm{MVm Ëd[aV Vr g§_yT> _r hmoVgo!''
`m H$S>ì`m_Ü`o `m ^mdmoËH$Q> {dìhbVoMm H$ig
Ho $ edgw V m§ Z r JmR> b o b m Amho . VWm{n `m gJù`mMm
"Z¡F©$Ë`oH$S>rb dmè`m'er H$m` g§~§Y Amho, hm àý
AZw d mXH$mÀ`m _ZmV C^m amhUo ñdm^m{dH$ Amho .
""H${dVm {b{hbr Ë`mdoir H$dr ImZXoe_Ü`o hmoVm.
Ë`mÀ`m Z¡F©$Ë`og H$drMr OÝ_^y_r hmoVr; åhUyZ {VH$Sy>Z
`oUmè`m dmè`mg CÔoeZy {b{hbobr'' hr H${dVm hmoVr Am{U
Ho$edgwVm§Mr nËZr Ë`m§À`m JmdrM hmoVr, hr g§X^©pñWVr
bjmV KoVbr åhUOo gJim Iwbmgm hmoVmo. øm ì`pŠVJV
g§X^mªMo H$m` H$amdo `mMm {ZU©` AZwdmXH$mbm {dMmanydH© $
¿`mdm bmJVmo. ñnï>rH$aUmË_H$ Q>rnm AZwdmXmbm OmoS>mì`m
bmJVmV.
AZwdmXÀ`m H$boMr MMm© H$aVmZm S´>m`S>Z `m§Zr
"_oQ>m\«$o O²', "n°am\«$o O²' Am{U "B{_Q>e o Z' Aem VrZ _mJmªMm
D$hmnmoh Ho$bm Amho. Vo åhUVmV, ""_mÂ`m _Vo, gJio
AZwdmX `m VrZ erf©H$m§Imbr gm_mdy eH$VmV. n{hbo
åhUOo "_oQ>m\«o$O' qH$dm boIH$mbm eãXmeãXmZo Am{U
AmoirAmoirZo EH$m ^mfo_YyZ Xwgè`m ^mfo_Ü`o ~XbyZ
Q>mH$Uo. Aem VèhoZo hmoaogÀ`m "AmQ>© Am°\$ nmoEQ´>r'Mm
AZwdmX doZ Om°ZgZZo Ho$bobm Amho. Xwgam _mJ© Amho
"n°am\«o$O'Mm qH$dm AmH$bZmZo Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va, Á`m_Ü`o
AZwdmXH$mZo boIH$mbm ZOaoÀ`m Q>ßß`mV Va R>odbobo
AgVo, na§Vw Ë`mÀ`m Ame`mBVH$m Ë`mÀ`m eãXm§Mm
H$mQ> o H $mo a nUo nmR> n w a mdm Ho $ bm OmV Zmhr Am{U Vmo
Ame`XoIrb {dñVm[aV Ho$bm OmUo ho _§Oya AgVo. dm°b
`m§Mm ìh{O©bÀ`m Mm¡Ï`m "B©ZrS>'Mm AZwdmX øm àH$maMm
Amho. {Vgam _mJ© Amho "B{_Q>e o Z', OoWo AZwdmXH$ Ho$di
eãXm§nmgyZ Am{U Ame`mnmgyZ ~XbÊ`mMoM ñdmV§Í` J¥hrV
YaVmo Ago Zmhr, Va àg§Jr Ë`m§Mm Ë`mJ H$aÊ`mMoXoIrb,
Am{U _yi H¥$VrnmgyZ Ho$di H$mhr gd©gmYmaU gyMZm
KoD$Z Amnë`mbm hdm Vgm nm`m KmbÊ`mMo. qnS>aMr XmoZ
ñVdZJrVo Am{U hmoaogMo EH$ JrV B§p½be_Ü`o AZwdm{XV
H$aÊ`mMm H$m¡br `m§Mm IQ>mQ>mon `m àH$maMm Amho.''
("Q´>mÝñboeÝg \«$m°_ Amopìhhg E{nñQ>ëg'Mr àñVmdZm).
Amnë`mH$S>rb CXmhaUo ¿`md`mMr Pmbr Va naeam_VmË`m
JmoS>~mobo `m§Zr eyÐH$m§À`m "_¥ÀN>H${Q>H$_²' `m g§ñH¥$V
ZmQ>H$mMm _amR>r_Ü`o Ho$bobm AZwdmX ho "_oQ>m\«o$O²' Amho.
Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a `m§Zr eoŠg{n`a `m§À`m "h°åboQ>' `m
B§p½be ZmQ>H$mMm Ho$bobm "{dH$ma{db{gV' hm _amR>r
AZwdmX "n°am\«$o O²' Amho Am{U nw. b. Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr ~Q>më} Q>
~«o»V `m§À`m "W«r noZr Am°noam'Mm Ho$bobm "VrZ n¡em§Mm
V_mem' hm _amR>r AZwdmX "B{_Q>e o Z' `m àH$maMo CXmhaU
_mZVm `oB©b.
\«$sS>[aM íbm_}Ma `m§Zr AZwdmXmÀ`m XmoZ Vèhm
gm§{JVë`m AmhoV. n{hë`m Vèho_Ü`o _yi gm{hË`H¥$Vr
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 7
àË`oH$ eãXm~ahþHy$_ OerÀ`m Ver Amnë`m ^mfoV
AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ AZwdmXH$ H$aVmo. A{^OmV g§ñH¥$V
ZmQ>Ho$ nmR>çH«$_mV Zo_ë`mZ§Va Ë`m§Mo Oo B§p½be AZwdmX
à{gÕ Pmbo Vo `m àH$maMo hmoVo. _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrMr
^m{fH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ d¡{eîQ>ço A~m{YV R>odyZ _yi
gm{hË`H¥$Vrbm dmMH$mH$S>o AmUUmar hr Vèhm Amho.
Xw g è`m Vèho Z w g ma {^ÝZ^mfr` bo I H$ Aem Vèho Z o
Amnë`mH$S>o AmUmdm H$s Amnë`mbm Vmo AmnbmM dmQy>
bmJob. _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrVrb ^m{fH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$
d¡{eîQ>çm§Zm ñdrH$ma ^mfoMm a§J XoÊ`mMr hr Vèhm Amho.
_amR>r_Ü`o "Aao{~`Z ZmBQ²>g' `m H$Wm{ZdoXZmË_H$ J«W§ mMo,
H¥$îUemñÌr {MniyUH$a Am{U Jm¡ar Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr XmoZ
doJù`m H$mbI§S>mV§ Ho$bobo XmoZ doJio AZwdmX darb XmoÝhr
Vèhm§ M r CXmhaUo åhUy Z Ko V m `o V rb. H¥ $ îUemñÌr
{MniyUH$am§Zr Ho$boë`m AZwdmXmV VËH$mbrZ _hmamï´>mVrb
^mfoÀ`m bH$~r, A{^éMr, g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U _yë`o `m§À`m
AZwfJ§ mZoM AZwdmX H$aÊ`mMm AmQ>mHo $mQ> à`ËZ AmT>iVmo,
Va Jm¡ar Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr Ho$boë`m AZwdmXmV _yi J«§WmVrb
^mfoÀ`m bH$~r, Aa~r A{^éMr, Aa~r g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U
Aa~r _yë`o `m§Mm AjwÊU n[aM` H$ê$Z XoÊ`mgmR>r _yi
J«§WmVrb ñdmX H$m`_ amIÊ`mMm OmUrdnyd©H$ à`ËZ
Ho$bobm {XgVmo.
ìhm°ëVoAa `m§Zr Ho$bobm "h°åboQ>' Mm \«|$M AZwdmX
Am{U íboJob `m§Zr Ho$bobm Ë`m ZmQ>H$mMm O_©Z AZwdmX
`m§À`m_YyZ AZwdmXmMo XmoZ Q>moH$mMo Z_wZo CnbãY hmoVmV.
'To be or not to be' `m h°åboQ>À`m à{gÕ XrK© ñdJVmMm
AZwdmX `m XmoKm§Zr Á`m àH$mao Ho$bobm Amho, Ë`mMr VwbZm
Ho$br Va Ago bjmV `oVo H$s ìhm°ëVoAaZo Ë`m ñdJVmÀ`m
_mÜ`_mVyZ ñdV:À`m eÌy§da ~moMar Q>rH$m H$aÊ`mMr g§Yr
KoVbobr Amho Am{U Ë`m ñdJVmMm Cn`moJ Amnbo ñdV:Mo
nydJ© h« ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r AJXr Iwbno UmZo Ho$bobm Amho.
`mCbQ>, íboJob `m§Zr eoŠg{n`a `m§Mm _yi Ame`,
à{V_mg¥ï>r Am{U b` `m§À`m OmñVrV OmñV {ZH$Q>
amhÊ`mV `e {_idbobo Amho.
ìhm° ë Vo A a `m§ Z r eo Š g{n`a `m§ À `m ZmQ> H $mMm
AZwdmX H$aVmZm _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrÀ`m ~m~VrV KoVbobo
ñdmV§Í` hm Ë`m§À`m ì`pŠVJV Am¡{MË`^§JmMm à_mX
hmoVm. na§Vw H$YrH$Yr _yi gm{hË`H¥$Vrbm Ý`m` XoÊ`mÀ`m
"ewÕ' hoVyZohr AZwdmXmH$Sy>Z _yi Ame`mnmgyZ AngaU
KS>Vo . `mMr à{H« $ `m ZrQ> bjmV `o Ê `mgmR>r
8 n gm{hË`
~mbgm{hË`mVrb EH$ CXmhaU KoD$`m. am°{~Z hÿS>À`m
H$Wm _amR>rV AZwdm{XV Pmboë`m AmhoV. am°{~Z hÿS> hm
B§p½be bmoH$gm{hË`mVrb EH$ Zm`H$. AË`§V {ZîUmV
{Va§XmO. ñdV§Ì {ZgJ©{à` ñdÀN>§Xr d¥ÎmrMm. VËH$mbrZ
amOì`dñWo Z o Ë`mbm nw § S > åhUy Z Kmo { fV Ho $ bo hmo V o .
Amnë`mgma»`mM nw§S>m§Mr Q>moir ~ZdyZ am°{~Z hÿS> eoa
dwS>À`m O§JbmV amhV hmoVm. ho bmoH$ AÝ`m`r lr_§Vm§Zm
bwQy>Z JaOy J[a~m§Zm _XV H$arV. `m am°{~Z hÿS>À`m EH$m
Jmoï>rV, O§JbmVë`m dmQ>oZo Zm°qQ>Jh°_ ehamV Mmbboë`m
EH$m ImQ> H $mer am° { ~Z hÿ S > M r AMmZH$ JmR> nS> V o .
Amnë`m JmS>rV gmo b bo b o _mg ^ê$Z ImQ>rH$~w d m
ehamVë`m ~mOmamV Mmbbobo AgVmV. AmnUhr EH$
{Xdg JwnMyn ehamV Omdo Am{U ehamMr _Om MmImdr
Ago am°{~Z hÿS>À`m _ZmV `oV.o Vmo ImQ>H$m~amo~a Amnë`m
H$nS>çm§Mr AXbm~Xb H$aVmo; Ë`mbm ^anya n¡go XoD$Z
naV nmR>dVmo Am{U _mgmZo ^abo b r JmS>r Ko D $Z
ImQ>H$mÀ`m dofmV ehamV OmVmo. ImQ>rH$~mOmamV OmD$Z
_mg {dH$m`bm ~gë`mda n¡gm H$_mdUo hm CÔoeM
Zgë`m_wio Vmo _moR>_moR>çmZo AmoaSy>Z AdmOdr ñdñV XamV
{dH«$s gwê$ H$aVmo. Ë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`mnmer {JèhmBH$m§Mr JXu
CgiVo. `mZ§Va _yi H$WoV EH$ dmŠ` `oVo : "...and he
gave free pieces of meat to pretty young girls, in
exchange of sweet kisses.'' _amR>rV AZw d mX
H$aUmè`m§Zr `mMm AZwdmX Ho$bm hmoVm : ""...Am{U Ë`mZo
VéU gw§Xa _wbtZm _Ywa pñ_VmÀ`m _mo~Xë`mV _mgmMo
VwH$S>o \w$H$Q> XoD$Z Q>mH$bo.'' `m AZwdmXmV sweet kisses
Mr "_Ywa Mw§~Zo' Z hmoVm "_Ywa pñ_Vo' H$er Pmbr, Va
AZwdmXH$m§g Ago dmQ>bo H$s B§p½be dmMH$-g_mOmà_mUo
_amR>r dmMH$-g_mOmV VéU-VéUtZr nañnam§Mo Mw§~Z
KoUo hr EH$ j{UH$ J_VrMr H«$sS>m åhUyZ _mÝ` hmoD$
eH$V Zmhr. Ë`m_wio Mw§~Zm§À`m CëboImZo am°{~Z hÿS>À`m
AmMaUm{df`r Am{U ì`pŠV_Îdm{df`r Mw H $sMo
g§ X o e dhZ hmo Ê `mMr eŠ`Vm Amho . Ë`m_w i o C{MV
g§ X o e dhZ hmo Ê `mgmR>r Ë`m§ Z r ñdV: {ZU© ` Ko D $Z
g§{hVo_Ü`o ~Xb Ho$bm. eaÀM§Ð MÅ>monmÜ`m` `m§À`m
H$mX§~è`m Ooìhm _amR>r-JwOamVr_Ü`o AZwdm{XV hmoÊ`mg
àma§^ Pmbm, Voìhm H$mhr CËgmhr AZwdmXH$m§Zr Ë`m§À`m
H$m§X~è`m§Vrb Zm{`H$m§À`m _Ëñ`mhmamMo CëboI JmiyZ
Q>mH$bo . ""EdT>r gX² J w U r Am{U gÀM[aÌ Zm{`H$m
AmdS>rZo _mgo ImVo åhUOo H$m`? Vo {VÀ`m
ì`pŠV_Îdmbm emo^yZ {XgV Zmhr'' Agm Ë`m§Mm Xmdm
hmoVm.
H$moUË`mhr AZwdmXV ÌwQ>r amhUo An[ahm`©M Amho,
ho gË` {dîUwemñÌr {MniyUH$am§Zr 1874 _Ü`oM ñnï>
eãXm§V gm§{JVbobo hmoVo. hoM gË` J{UVr gyÌê$nmZo
_m§S>md`mMo Agob Va Ago åhUVm `oBb © H$s, "A' hr Oa
_yi gm{hË`H¥$Vr Agob Am{U "~' hm {VMm AZwdm{XV
AdVma Agob, Va A = ~ ho g_rH$aU H$Yrhr {gÕ
hmoUma Zmhr. "A'nojm "~'_Ü`o H$mhrVar H$_r qH$dm OmñV
ho AgUmaM. åhUyZ åhUmdo bmJVo, A = ~ + j.
`mVrb "j'Mr àË`jmVbr qH$_V ~hþYm "CUo' åhUOo
negative M AgVo; nU AndmXmË_H$ n[apñWVrV Vr
"A{YH$' qH$dm positivehr hmoD$ eH$Vo. Mm§Jë`m Hw$eb
AZwdmXH$mÀ`m ~m~VrV "j'Mo ApñVËd eyÝ`mH$S>o OmV
Agë`m_wio Aem AZwdmXH$mZo Ho$bobm AZwdmX åhUOo OoWo
"j' eyÝ`mH$S>o OmÊ`mg àd¥Îm hmoVmo, Ago (A+j)Mo
S>o[aìho{Q>ìh Agob.
~ = dd x (A + j)
j >0
Aem J{UVr gyÌmZo hr Jmoï> _m§S>Vm `oB©b.
`m gd© {ddo M ZmV AZw d mXH$mZo AZw d mXmg
{^S>Ê`mnydu "A' hr EH$ {gÕ gm{hË`H¥$Vr Amho Ago
J¥hrV Yabobo Amho. Ooìhm _yi boIH$ ñdV:M AZwdmXH$
AgVmo Voìhm H$Yr H$Yr (AndmXmË_H$ àg§Jr) ho J¥hrV
ñdrH$maVm `oV Zmhr. CXmhaUmW©, Aæ`ßnm n{UŠH$a ho
_ë`mi_² H$dr EH$m _wbmIVrV åhUmbo hmoVo, H$s Ë`m§Zm
EImXr AZw^dmH¥$Vr _ë`mi_² Am{U B§p½be `m XmoÝhr
^mfm§ V EH$X_M (qH$dm Xw b © { jÊ`mOmo ½ `m AË`ën
H$mbm§VamZo) àVrV hmoV.o Ë`m_wio Ë`m§À`m _ë`mi_² Am{U
B§p½be H${dVmH¥$Vr (qH$dm _ë`mi_² H${dVm Am{U Ë`m§Mo
B§p½be AZwdmX) OdiOdi < EH$g_`mdÀN>oXoH$ê$Z V`ma
hmoVmV. `oWo A = ~ Ago Yamdo bmJVo qH$dm AmUIr nwT>o
OmD$Z Ago åhUmdo bmJVo H$s Ë`m H${dVm§V _ë`mi_²
Am{U B§p½be ^mfmH¥$VtMo nañnam§da n[aUm_ Pmbobo AgUo
eŠ` Amho. åhUOo hm A >< ~ Agm g§~Y§ Pmbm. AéU
H$mobQ>H$am§À`m H$mhr _amR>r H${dVm Am{U Ë`m§Mr B§p½be
à{Vê$no `m§À`mVhr H$moUVr _yi g§{hVm Amho Am{U H$moUVr
AZw d m{XV H${dVm Amho ho gm§ J Vm `o V Zmhr Am{U
XmoÝhtZmhr AZwH«$_o B§p½be Am{U _amR>r H${dVm§À`m
g§H$bZm§V ñdV§Ì {Z{_©Vr åhUyZ ñWmZ {_imbo Amho,
`m_mJrb ahñ` hoM Agmdo.
{WAmoS>moa g°ìhar `m§Zr "{X AmQ>© Am°n Q´>mÝgboeZ'
`m Amnë`m J«§WmV åhQ>bo Amho H$s àË`oH$ AZwdmXH$mZo
AZwdmX H$aVmZm ñdV:bm VrZ àý {dMmabo nm{hOoV.
boIH$ H$moUË`m eãXm§V ~mobVmo? Vmo H$m` gm§JVmo? Am{U
Vmo H$gm ~mobVmo? ho VrZ àý hmoV. åhUOoM boIH$mMo
eãX H$moUVo AmhoV, Ë`mMm EHy$U A{^àm` H$m` Amho
Am{U Ë`mMr e¡br H$er Amho, `m {VÝhrMm {dMma H$ê$Z
AZwdmXH$mZo AZwdmX H$aUo JaOoMo Amho.
""_yi g§{hVoer nyU©nUo àm_m{UH$ amhÿZM Ho$bobo
^mfm§Va Amnbo gm§ñH¥${VH$, gm{hpË`H$ Am{U kmZmË_H$
H$m`© CÎm_ arVrZo nma nmSy> eH$Vo'' Ago adtÐ qH$~hþZo `m§Zr
åhQ>bo Amho ; VWm{n àË`jmV Ago KS>V Zmhr.
AZwdmXH$mÀ`m ZH$iV AZwdmX EH$Va dmMH$H|${ÐV hmoD$
bmJVmo qH$dm AZwdmXH$-H|${ÐV hmoD$ bmJVmo. dmMH$H|${ÐV
AZwdmXmV Amnbm g§^mì` dmMH$dJ© gVV AZwdmXH$mÀ`m
_ZmV AgVmo. _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrVrb eãX, Ame`, à{V_m,
àVrHo$ `m§n¡H$s Amnë`m g§^mì` dmMH$m§Zm H$m` nMob
Am{U éMob ho Ë`mMo _Z gVV VmobyZ nhmV AgVo. Ë`m
AZwgmao Vmo _yi gm{hË`H¥$Vr_Ü`o ZH$iV ~Xb H$aÊ`mghr
àd¥ Î m hmo V mo . `mCbQ> AZw d mXH$-H| $ {ÐV AZw d mXmV
AZwdmXH$mMo ñdV:Mo nyd©J«h, AmdS>r{ZdS>r Am{U _w»`
åhUOo e¡ b r AZw d mXmÀ`m _y i H¥ $ Vrer àm_m{UH$
amhÊ`mÀ`m Anojoda _mV H$arV AgVmV. dmMH$H|${ÐV
AZwdmXmMr H$m`©H$maU_r_m§gm H$aVmZm é~oZ ~«m°da `m§Zr
åhQ>bo Amho, ""gd©gmYmaU dmMH$mbm Ë`mÀ`m ñdV:À`m
gm{hË`dmMZmV H$mì`mer g§~§{YV Aem Á`m AZw^yVtMr
AmoiI AgVo, VrM AZwdmXmVhr àmßV ìhmdr Aer Ë`mMr
Anojm AgVo. Am{U Amnbm AZwdmX dmMbm Omdm Aer
BÀN>m AgUmè`m AZwdmXH$mbm H$mhr à_mUmV Var hr
Anojm nwar H$amdr bmJVo.'' ("Am°Z Q´>ÝgboeZ' : g§. Ama
~«m°da).
AZw d mXmH$S>o nmhÊ`mMr dmMH$m§ M r Am{U
g_rjH$m§Mr Ñï>r AmVm ~è`mM à_mUmV ~Xbbobr Amho.
EHo$ H$mir ""AZwdmXH$ ho {dídmgKmVH$s AgVmV''
(eobr), ""_yi gm{hË`H¥$Vr AZwdmXmV nma {~KSy>Z OmVo'',
""AZwdmX hr EH$ Xwæ`_ XOm©Mr gm{hË`{Z{_©Vr Amho''
Aem gmaIr {dYmZo Ho$br OmV; H$maU AZwdmXà{H«$`oH$S>o
nmhÊ`mMm Ñ{ï>H$moZM Vgm hmoVm. EH$m g_rjH$mZo Va
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 9
åhQ>bo, ""^mfm§Vao hr ~m`H$m§gmaIr AgVmV. Oa Vo
EH${Zð> Agob Va Vo gwX§ a ZgVo Am{U Oa Vo gwX§ a Agob
Va Vo EH${Zð> Zgy eH$Vo.''
EImXm AZwdmX AJXr _wim~ahþHy$_ Amho qH$dm
Zmhr, `mMm H$sg H$mT>bm OmV Ago Am{U Ë`m AZwf§JmZo
AZwdmXmMr {Ma\$mS> Ho$br OmV Ago. `mCbQ>, AmVm
AZwdmX hrgwÕm EH$m {d{eï> _`m©Xon`ªV Zd{Z{_©VrM
AgVo, ho _V à{V{ð>V Pmbobo Amho. \y$H$moZo gm§{JVbobm
"g§Xoe~§Y {dMma' (Discourse theory) Am{U Xo[aXm
`m§ M m "{daMZmdmX' (Deconstruction) `m Xmo Ý hr
{dMmaàUmbt_Ü`o _yi gm{hË`H¥$Vr hr gmd©^m¡_ AgVo
ho J¥hrV ZmH$mabobo Amho. {VMo doJdoJù`m àH$mam§Zr
dmMZ H$ê$Z Ë`m AZwgmao {VMm AW© bmdÊ`mMm A{YH$ma
dmMH$mMm AgVmo, Ago CÎma AmYw{ZH$ g_rjm _mZVo.
AZw d mXH$ hmhr EH$ dmMH$ `m ZmË`mZo _y i
gm{hË`H¥$VrMm AW© bmdÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$arV AgVmo.
Ë`mbm ^mdboë`m AWm©Zwgma Oa Ë`mZo AZwdmX Ho$bobm
Agob Am{U Oa Ë`m_Ü`o Am§V[aH$ {dg§JVr Zgob Va
Vmo AZwdmX _mÝ`M H$amd`mg hdm, Aer YmaUm AmVm
~Zbr Amho. BVam§Zm Ë`m gm{hË`H¥$VrV OmUdboë`m
AWm©nojm Vo doJio Amho åhUyZ Vo MwH$sMo Amho Ago
åhUUo ~amo~a Zmhr. AZwdmX hmXoIrb EH$ Zdm g§Xoe~§Y
(Discourse) Amho, Aer hr ^y{_H$m Amho. AZwdmXH$
Ooìhm EImÚm gm{hË`H¥$VrMm AZwdmX H$aVmo Voìhm Vmo Vr
nw Ý hm {bhrV AgVmo . Ë`m_w i o AZw d mX åhUOo Xmo Z
{dMmag_yh AWdm XmoZ gm{hË`emñÌo `m§Mm g_Ýd`
Amho, Ago Am§Ðo {b\$aìhr `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. ("{~`m±S>
B§Q>a{àQ>oeZ'). Ë`m_Ü`o Ë`m§Zm hoM gwMdm`Mo Amho H$s
_yi gm{hË`H¥$VrMm AZwdmX hmoVmZm {VÀ`m_Ü`o H$mhr Zm
H$mhr ~Xb hm Ano { jVM Amho . {daMZmdmXr
{gÕm§VmZwgma gd© g§Ho$Vì`dñWm (code) Am{U J¥hrVohr
{ddmÚ AgVmV. `mMmM AW© Agm H$s _y i
gm{hË`H¥ $ VrVrb "AW© ' hm Ho $ di bo I H$mMm qH$dm
{d{eï> dmMH$mMm ZgVmo. àË`oH$ dmMH$mÀ`m dmMZmZwgma
gm{hË`H¥$Vrbm "AW©' àmßV hmoVmo. Vmo EH$gmaImM Agy
eHo $ b qH$dm do J imdo J imhr Agy eHo $ b. EH$m
gm{hË`H¥$VrMr AZoH$ à{Vq~~o AZwdmXmÀ`m ê$nmZo {Z_m©U
hmoÊ`mMr eŠ`Vm {daMZmdmXr {gÕm§VmZwgma _mÝ`M Amho.
""g§ X o e ~§ Y {dMma, {daMZmdmX, ñÌrdmXr g_rjm,
dmMH$-à{VgmX-{dMma `m ZdrZ g_rjmàdmhm§ Z r
10 n gm{hË`
^mfm§VamMr _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrÀ`m Jwbm_{JarVyZ EH$àH$mao
gwQ>H$m Ho$br Amho'' ho `ed§V e§H$a H$i_H$a `m§Mo
{dYmZ ("^mfm§Va_r_m§gm' : g§nm. H$ë`mU H$mio, A§Obr
gmo_U) åhUOo _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrÀ`m Ame`mer Am{U
ñdénmer AZwdmXH$mZo "EH${Zð>' amhÊ`mÀ`m àma§{^H$
AmJ«hmnmgyZ AZwdmX{df`H$ YmaUm {H$Vr Xya Jobr Amho,
`mMm nwamdmM Amho.
AZwdmXH$mMo Ho$di òmoV ^mfm Am{U ñdrH$ma
^mfm `m XmoZ ^mfm§daM à^wËd AgyZ ^mJV Zmhr, Va
Ë`m XmoÝhr ^mfm§À`m g§ñH¥$VtMmhr Ë`mbm XmQ> n[aM`
Agmdm bmJVmo. _yi gm{hË`H¥$Vrbm Xwgè`m ^mfoV KoD$Z
OmVmZm AZwdmXH$mbm nmdbmonmdbr Oo {ZU©` ¿`mdo
bmJVmV, Vo Ho$di `m§{ÌH$nUo R>ard {Z`_m§À`m AmYmao
Ko V m `o V ZmhrV. Vo W o Ë`mÀ`m {Z{_© { Vj_Vo M m H$g
bmJVmo. Ë`m àË`oH$ {ZU©`mV XmoZ gm{hË`m§Mr ^m{fH$,
gm{hpË`H$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ nmVirdarb VwbZm JwV§ bobr
AgVo.
a{e`Z g_rjH$ nmonmo{dH$ `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho, H$s
H$moUË`mhr gm{hË`H¥$VrMo XmoZ Am`m_ AgVmV. EH$ åhUOo
g§ X o e Z Am{U Xw g am H$bmË_H$ A{^éMr. `m§ n ¡ H $s
g§XoeZmÀ`m ~m~VrV AZwdmX hm XmoZ gm{hË`m§_Yrb nyb
~Zy eH$Vmo. gmd©{ÌH$sH$aU (universalisation) Am{U
^oX{ZX}eZ (differentiation) `m XmoÝht_Ü`o Ë`mMo H$m`©
AgVo . ñdrH$ma^mfo V Vmo ^o X {ZX} e Z H$aVmo , åhUOo
ñdrH$ma^mfoVrb ê$T> d àM{bV gm{hË`mnojm AZwdm{XV
gm{hË`H¥$Vr {H$Vr {^ÝZ Amho, `mMm àË`` XoVmo Am{U
òmo V ^mfo V gmd© { ÌH$sH$aUmMo H$m`© H$aVmo , åhUOo
Amnë`mVrb EH$ gm{hË`H¥$Vr ^mfm d àXoe `m§À`m
gr_mëb§KyZ H$er gmd©{ÌH$ ~ZV Amho, `mMo ^mZ OmJ¥V
H$aVmo.
AZwdmX ho AË`§V O~m~XmarZo Am{U H$miOrnyd©H$
H$aÊ`mMo gm{hpË`H$ H$m`© Amho. EH$m ^y_rV CJdbobr dob
{VWyZ H$mTy>Z Xwgè`m ^y_rV bmdm`Mr Agob Va {VMr
gd©Vmonar H$miOr ¿`mdr bmJVo. AZwdmXà{H«$`oMho r AgoM
Amho. Vr EH$ AË`§V AdKS>à{H«$`m Amho. nU Ë`mM~amo~a
H¥$VmW©VoMm, g¥OZerbVoMm AmZ§X XoUmar, YÝ` YÝ`
dmQ>m`bm bmdUmarhr à{H«$`m Amho.
lll
 AZwdmX H$m d H$emgmR>r?
S>m°. gy`©Zmam`U aUgw^o
19 do eVH$ ho ^maVr` ^mfm-gm{hË`mV AZwdmXmMo
eVH$ åhUyZ à{gÕ Amho H$maU 1857 _Ü`o ^maVmVrb
VrZ _moR>çm ehamV {dÚmnrR>m§Mr d Ë`mnydu H$mhr
_hm{dÚmb`m§Mr ñWmnZm H$aÊ`mV Ambr. VËH$mbrZ gdU©
^maVr` VéU hm Am§½b gm{hË`mÀ`m g§nH$m©V Ambm.
B§J«OrVrb {d{dY kmZemIoVrb gm{hË` dmMVmZm Ë`mbm
ho Vrd«nUo OmUdy bmJbo H$s Amnbr _mV¥^mfm hr `m kmZ
d gm{hË`mÀ`m VwbZoZo IynM VmoH$S>r Amho. B§J«OrVrb `m
g§nÝZ kmZ d gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX Amnë`m ^mfoV H$ê$Z
Vmo XmoZ Jmoï>r gmYy BpÀN>V hmoVm. EH$ : Á`m§Zm B§J«Or `oV
Zmhr Ë`m§Zm Ë`m gm{hË`mMm, kmZmMm n[aM` ìhmdm.
XmoZ : AZwdmXmÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZ Amnë`m ^mfm gm{hË`mg
g_¥Õ d g§nÝZ H$amdo. CËH¥$îQ> gm{hË`mMm AmXe© dmMH$
d boIH$m§g_moa R>odmdm. AmnU AZwdmX H$m H$arV AmhmoV,
H$emgmR>r H$arV AmhmoV Ë`m~m~VrV Vmo IynM ñnï> hmoVm.
`m AZwdmXmÀ`m _wimV Ë`mÀ`mg_moa H$moUVoM Am{W©H$
AmH$f©U ZìhVo H$s BVa H$moUVrM àbmo^Zo ZìhVr. ñdV:
nXa_moS> H$ê$Z Vmo ho AZwdmX àH$m{eV XoIrb H$arV hmoVm.
{dgmì`m eVH$mÀ`m Ama§^r _hm_hmonmÜ`m` XÎmmo dm_Z
nmoVXmam§Zr EH$ boI {b{hbm hmoVm- "AmoT>m gmè`m§Zm
_amR>rÀ`m nmem' Á`m-Á`m ^mfoV Oo-Oo CËH¥$ï> {b{hbo
Jobo Amho, Vo _amR>rV AmUUo Û¡-^m{fH$m§Mo H$V©ì` Amho,
Ago nmoVXmam§Mo åhUUo hmoVo. gmYmaUnUo EH$mo{Ugmì`m
eVH$mÀ`m ghmì`m-gmVì`m XeH$mnmgy Z _amR>rV
AZwdmXmMr na§nam {XgyZ `oVo.
Á`m {Zð>oZo, Á`m Ü`o`mZo Ë`m H$mimV AZwdmX hmoV
hmoVo, Ë`mM {Zð>oZo AmO AZwdmX hmoV AmhoV H$m`?- hm
n{hbm àý. AmnU AZwdmX H$m H$arV AmhmoV, H$emgmR>r
H$arV AmhmoV `mMr ñnï>Vm AmO AZwdmXH$mg_oa Amho
H$m`?- hm Xþgam àý. AZwdmXH$ hm _yi boIH$mBVH$mM
ñdV§Ì AgVmo H$m`?- hm {Vgam àlZ. `m VrZ àým§gmo~V
AmUIrZ EH$ àý C^m Ho$bm OmD$ eH$Vmo Vmo Agm H$s
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 11
AZwdmXH$ AZwdmXmgmR>r åhUyZ Á`mdoir nwñVH$mMr {ZdS>
H$arV AgVmo Ë`mdoir Ë`m {ZdS>rMo {ZH$f H$moUVo AgVmV.
`m Mm¡Ï`m àýmÀ`m CÎmamV AmYrÀ`m {VÝhr àým§Mr CÎmao
gmnSy> eH$VV. AZwdmXmgmR>r BVa ^mfoVrb nwñVH$
{ZdS>VmZm- (1) Ë`m ^mfoV Vo nwñVH$ dmMH$m§V Iyn
bmo H ${à` Amho qH$dm hmo V o åhUy Z Ë`mMr {ZdS>.
(2) AZwdmXmgmR>r àH$meH$ qH$dm _yi boIH$ ^anya _mZYZ
XoUma Amho åhUyZ {ZdS. (3) _yi boIH$ Iyn OdiMm
{_Ì Amho åhUyZ {ZdS>. (4) _yi nwñVH$mV ~aoMgo H$mhr
ñ\$moQ>H$ Amho- Iwë`m l¥§Jma {MÌUmMo qH$dm Y_mªYVoMo
qH$dm {dH¥$VrMo {MÌU Amho, åhUyZ {ZdS>. (5) _yi
nwñVH$ dmMyZ AZwdmXH$mV {dbjU Aer AñdñWVm {Z_m©U
Pmbr d `m AdñWVoVyZ gwQ>H$m H$ê$Z KoÊ`mgmR>r åhUyZ
{ZdS>. (6) Amnë`m _mV¥^mfoV BVHo$ Añgb AZw^d
AmboboM ZmhrV Ë`m_wio Amnë`m ^mfoVrb a{gH$mg_moa
AZw^yVrMo ho ZdrZ {dœ gmXa H$amdo `m CÔoemZo {ZdS>.
CnamoŠV Xhm àým§À`m (4+6) CÎmamV AZwdmX H$m d
H$emgmR>r `m _w»` àým§Mo CÎma {_iy eHo$b `m AnojoZo
AmVm `m àým§À`m CÎmamH$S>o diy.
&&1&&
n{hbm _w»` àý hm AZwdmXm_mJrb {Zð>oMm Amho.
hr {Zð>m Amnë`m _mV¥^mfoVrb kmZmg d gm{hË`mg
g_¥Õ H$aÊ`mg§~Y§ rMr AgVo. Aer {Zð>m EH$m ~m§{YbH$sVyZ
{Z_m©U hmoV AgVo. ~m§{YbH$s Amnë`m _mV¥^mfog§~§Yr,
Amnë`m ^m{fH$ g_mOmg§~§Yr. {Zð>oMm hm àý Iyn
d¡`pŠVH$ Agm AgVmo. `m {Zð>oMo gm_mÝ`rH$aU H$aUo
Am¡{MË`mMo hmoUma Zmhr. Ë`m_wio {Zð>og§~§Yr nmoH$i
AmXe© d mXr MMm© H$aÊ`mV H$mhrM AW© Zmhr. hm
AZwdmXH$mÀ`m {ddoH$mMm àý Amho. Xþgè`m àýmMm g§~§Y
XoIrb IynM d¡`pŠVH$ ñdê$nmMm Amho. Ë`m_wio Ë`mMrhr
MMm© H$aUo Q>mibo Amho.
AZwdmXH$ hm _yi boIH$mBVH$m ñdV§Ì AgVmo H$m`
`m àýmMr MMm© AmOÀ`m g§X^m©V Iyn _hÎdmMr Aer
Amho. AZwdmXH$ hm _yi boIH$mBVH$m ñdV§Ì ZgVmo. _yi
boIH$ hm EImÚm KQ>Zo_wio, ì`ŠVr_wio, AnKmVm_wio
AñdñW hmoD$ bmJVmo. `m AdñWoV _mJrb VemM KQ>Zm,
ì`ŠVr `m§Mr ga{_gi hmoD$ bmJVo. hr AñdñWVm hiyhiy
dmT>V OmVo. Ë`mMm N>i H$ê$ bmJVo. Ë`m AñdñWVoMo
{dbjU Ago AmoPo Ë`mÀ`m _Zmda AgVo. AZw^yVrÀ`m
`m AmoÂ`mVyZ _moH$io hmoUo ho Ë`mÀ`m earañdmñÏ`mgmR>r
12 n gm{hË`
XoIrb JaOoMo AgVo. Vmo Oa g§doXZerb Agob, eãXà^y
Agob Va _J Vmo Amnë`m `m AñdñWVog eãXm§À`m
_mÜ`_mZo ì`ŠV H$ê$ bmJVmo. åhUOo ñdV:À`m _Zmda
Amboë`m VmUmVyZ _moH$io hmoÊ`mgmRr Vmo {b{hV AgVmo.
dmMH$, g_mO, amï´> `mÀ`mer Ë`mMo `mdoir H$mhrM XoUo-
KoUo ZgVo. (AmVm hm ^mJ doJim H$s `m VmU-VUmdmgmR>r
AmoÂ`mgmR>r hoM KQ>H$ n«Ë`j-AàË`jnUo O~m~Xma
AgVmV.) Ë`mÀ`m `m A{^ì`ŠVr_wio Ë`mMm dmMH$, Vmo
^m{fH$ g_mO qH$dm amï´> A{YH$ g_¥Õ hmoV AgVo. nU
Ë`m boIH$mMm Vgm H$mhr CÔoí` ZgVmo. Ë`mZo H$m` {bhmdo
H$m` {bhÿ Z`o hm Ë`mÀ`m A{^ì`ŠVr ñdmV§Í`mMm àý
AgVmo.
nU hm Ý`m` AZwdmXH$mg bmdVm `oUma Zmhr. Oo
nwñVH$ AZwdmXH$ AZwdmXmgmR>r {ZdS>Vmo Ë`mÀ`m `m
AZwdmXmMm à^md qH$dm n[aUm_ Ë`m ^m{fH$ g_mOm§da
H$gm hmoD$ eHo$b `mMr OmUrd R>odUo AZwdmXH$mMo n{hbo
H$V©ì` Amho Ago _bm dmQ>Vo. _mPr _mV¥^mfm `m Zì`m
AZw^yVrÀ`m {dœmZo g_¥Õ ìhmdr, _mPm dmMH$ hm g_¥Õ
ìhmdm hm CÔoe Va AZwdmXmMm AgmdmM bmJVmo. nU Ë`m
gmo~V `m ZdrZ AZw^d {dœm_wio _mÂ`m ^m{fH$ g_mOmVrb
gm¡hmX©Vgo , VoWrb gm§ñH¥${VH$, Ym{_©H$, amOH$s` dmVmdaUmV
H$gë`mhr àH$maMr Aem§VVm, ~o{Xbr {Z_m©U hmoVm H$m_m
Z`o ho nmhmUo Ë`m§Mo H$V©ì` R>aVo. ho EH$m CXmhaUmZo g_OyZ
KoVm `oBb © . `wamonmVrb AZoH$ amï´>mV {ddoH$mMo, d¡Mm[aH$VoM,o
g_§OgnUmMo dmVmdaU Amho. VoWo A{^ì`pŠVñdmV§Í`mMm
AmXa Ho$bm OmVmo. Ë`m_wio VoWo EImÚm gm{hË`H¥$VrV
H$moUm EH$m Y_m©da, n§Wmda, g§àXm`mda, amOH$s` qH$dm
Eo{Vhm{gH$ ZoË`mda {H$Vrhr Ohar Q>rH$m Ho$br Jobr, Var
VoWo \$maer IiIi hmoV Zmhr. Aem EImÚm ñ\$moQ>H$
gm{hË` H¥$VrMm AZwdmX ^maVr` AZwdmXH$mZo H$aUo
Am¡{MË`mMo R>aob H$m` Agm hm àý Amho. Y_©, n§W,
g§àXm`, Eo{Vhm{gH$ nwéf qH$dm ñÌr, H$mhr à{V{ð>V amOH$s`
ZoVo - `m ~Ôb hm Xoe IynM g§doXZerb Amho. hidm
Amho. Ë`m_wio Aem {dñ\$moQ>H$ gm{hË`H¥$VtMo AZwdmX Oa
Ambo Va `oWrb g_mOmV H$em à{V{H«$`m C_Q>Vrb,
{dÜd§gXoIrb hmoD$ eHo$b `mMr OmUrd AZwdmXH$mg R>do Uo
JaOoMo AgVo. AbrH$S>o Va `oWo boIH$m§À`m, A{^ì`ŠVr
ñdmV§Í`mda XoIrb JXm `oV Mmbbr Amho. XmoZ EH$
eãXm§À`m_wio qH$dm EH$m dmXJ«ñV Aem n[aÀN>oXm_wio `oWo
H$m`Xm Am{U gwa{jVVoMm àý {Z_m©U hmoV AgVmo. Ë`m_wio
`m Aem gm{hË`H¥$VrMm AZwdmX Z PmbobmM ~am. Ë`mM_wio
_mPo åhUUo Amho H$s AZwdmXH$ hm boIH$mBVH$m ñdV§Ì
ZgVmo. Á`m AZwdmXm_wio gm_m{OH$ ñdmñW YmoŠ`mV `oD$
eH$Vo, Ë`mMm AZwdmX Ho$bm OmD$ Z`o. Ë`mZo Agm ÑT>
{Zü` Ho$bm nm{hOo H$s H$moUË`mhr n[apñWVrV _mÂ`m ^m{fH$
n`m©daUmV OJUmè`m§Mr _Zo hr g§H$w {MV, Y_mªY, gm§àXm{`H$
qH$dm OmVrdmXr hmoUma ZmhrV `mMr I~aXmar AZwdmX
H$aVmZm _r KoB©Z. nU Ë`mgmo~V _mÂ`m AZwdmXm_wio _mPm
^m{fH$ g_mO hm _mZ{gH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ d g§dXo ZmÀ`m nmVirda
g_¥Õ H$gm hmoB©b `mMrM XjVm _r KoV amhrZ. hr Aer
AQ> Q>mHy$ZM Ë`mZo AZwdmXmgmR>r nwñVHo$ {ZdS>br nm{hOoV.
EImÚm nwñVH$mV Iyn ñ\$moQ>Ho$ ^abobr AmhoV. Ë`mÀ`m
AZwdmXm_wio _yi boIH$mMr d _mPr Iyn MMm© hmoB©b,
`m_wio _bm Iyn à{gÕr {_iob, Iyn n¡gm {_iob `m
Aem H$maUm_wio Oa Vmo Aem gm_m{OH$ ñdmñÏ`
{~KS>dUmè`m gm{hË`H¥$VrMr {ZdS> H$aUma Agob Va ho
g_mO{dKmVH$M H$m`© hmoB©b ho Ë`mZo bjmV ¿`mdo. nU
åhUyZ AZwdm{XV nwñVHo$ àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mda emgH$s` qH$dm
H$m`ÚmMr ~§YZo AgVrb `mhr _VmMm _r Zmhr. {Z`§ÌUmMm
Va _r {damoYM H$aoZ. eodQ>r hm àý AZwdmXH$mÀ`m
{ddoH$mMm d ~m§{YbH$sMm Amho. {Z`§ÌU Agmdo Vo {ddoH$s
_ZmMo.
AZwdmXH$ hm EH$m ^mfoVrb ^md^mdZm§Zm, {dMmam§Zm
Xþgè`m ^mfoV ZoUmam EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ XÿV AgVmo. `m
gm§ñH¥${VH$ XÿVmMr O~m~Xmar XmoÝhr ^mfm§À`m Ñï>rZo _hÎdmMr
AgVo. gm§ñH¥${VH$ XÿV hmoÊ`mgmR>r n{hbr O~m~Xmar AgVo
Vr hr H$s Ë`mg XmoÝhr ^mfm§À`m ^m{fH$ n`m©daUmMr,
Ë`mV OJUmè`m§À`m g§ñH¥$VrMr nyU© _m{hVr Agmdr bmJVo.
H$maU gm{hË`mMr ^mfm hr Ë`m ^m{fH$ g§ñH¥$Vrer KÅ>nUo
{MH$Q>bobr AgVo. kmZ^mfoMm g§~§Y Šd{MVM g§ñH¥$Vrer
AgVmo. H$maU kmZ^mfm hr A{Ib _mZdOmVrer {ZJ{S>V
AgVo. Ë`m{edm` Vr ^mfm g§H$ënZmË_H$ (conceptual)
AgVo. nU gm{hË`mMr ^mfm hr VoWrb _Zmer {MH$Q>bobr
AgVo. Ho$di Ë`m ^mfoV OJUmè`m§À`m g§ñH¥$Vrer AmoiI
AgyZ MmbV Zmhr Va Ë`m ^mfoVrb ImMIiJo d Ë`m
^mfoVrb gm{hË`mMr Imobda Aer OmU Ë`mbm Agmdr
bmJVo. H$moUË`m g§doXZm qH$dm AZw^yVr VoWo Cno{jV
am{hboë`m AmhoV, `mMr _m{hVr Oa AZwdmXH$mg Agob
Va AZwdmXmgmR>r H$m` {ZdS>bo OmD$ eH$Vo `mMm {ZU©`
Ë`mbm ghOJË`m KoVm `oVmo.
CXm. : qhXrV d àË`oH$ ^maVr` ^mfmV amo_m§{Q>H$
ào_H$Wm-H$mX§~è`m ^anya {b{hë`m Joë`m AmhoV, AmOhr
{b{hë`m OmV AmhoV. ho Agbo gm{hË` Iyn bmoH${à`
XoIrb AgVo. AmVm EImÚm AZwdmXH$mZo _amR>rVrb Zm.gr.
\$S>Š`m§À`m H$mX§~è`m qhXrV AZwdmX H$am`Mo R>adë`mg
Vo qhXrÀ`m Ñï>rZo \$mago CnH$maH$ hmoUma Zmhr. H$maU VoWo
JwbeZ Z§XmgmaIm bmoH${à` boIH$ AmhoM qH$dm JwbeZ
Z§XmÀ`m qhXr H$mX§~è`m§Mm _amR>r AZwdmX H$aÊ`mV XoIrb
\$magm AW© Zmhr. åhUOo AZwdmX H$emgmR>r Va Ë`mVyZ
Ë`m ^mfoV H$mhrVar ZdrZ Om`bm hdo. VoWo Oo Zmhr Ë`mMr
nyVV© m AZwdmXmÀ`m _mÜ`_mZo Pmbr nm{hOo. VaM gm§ñH¥${VH$
XÿVmMr O~m~Xmar J§^ranUo nmibr Jobr Amho, Ago {gÕ
hmoVo.
&&3&&
Am{W©H$ CXmarH$aUmZ§Va AZwdmXmg Mm§Jbo {Xdg
Ambobo AmhoV, Ago åhUmdo bmJob. nU Ë`mMdoir
AZwdmX H$emgmR>r d H$m `m àýmÀ`m CÎmamMo ñdê$n
XoIrb ~Xbbo. Amnë`m ^mfoVrb dmMH$m§Zm AZw^Vy rg§nÝZ
H$amdo, Amnë`m ^mfoV Oo Zmhr Ë`mg Ë`m§À`mn`ªV Ý`mdo
Aer ^y{_H$m AmYrÀ`m H$mimV hmoVr, AmOhr Amho.
OmJ{VH$sH$aUm_wio AZoH$ Xoe ì`mnmè`mÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo
Odi `oD$ bmJVo. Ë`m_wio EH$_oH$m§Zm OmUyZ KoÊ`mMm
à`ËZ AbrH$S>o dmTy> bmJbobm Amho. doe^yfm, Ho$e^yfm,
ImÚg§ñH¥$VrnmgyZ Vo WoQ> gm{hË`mn`ªV hr {Okmgm dmTy>
bmJbobr Amho. 1980-85 n`ªV _amR>rV \$ŠV B§J«Or
d a{e`Z dmL²>_`mMm AZwdmX ìhm`Mm. nU 1992 Z§Va
AWm©V Am{W©H$ CXmarH$aUmZ§Va OnmZr, {MZr, Aa~r d
Am{\«$Ho$Vrb AZoH$ _mJmgboë`m XoemVrb gm{hË` B§J«OrV
`oV Jobo d VoWyZ _amR>r d BVa ^maVr` ^mfm§V. qhXrV
Va OJ^aÀ`m N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm XoemVrb _hÎdmÀ`m
gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX _yi ^mfoVyZM hmoD$ bmJbobm Amho.
`mMm _y i mV ZmH$maë`m Jo b o ë `m ({Vgao {dœ)
g_mOOrdZmMo dmñVd OmUyZ KoÊ`mMr {Okmgm H$m_ H$aVo
Amho. 1980 n`ªV g_¥Õ d {dH${gV XoemÀ`m gm{hË`mMoM
AZwdmX OJ^a {deofV: B§J«OrV hmoV AgV (B§½b§S>,
a{e`m d \«|$M). nU OmJ{VH$sH$aUmZ§Va hr AdñWm
~XbV OmVo. {deofV: CÎma-AmYw{ZH$VoÀ`m {dMmagaUr_wio
X{jU A_o[aHo$Vrb N>moQ>çm-N>moQ>çm Xoem§À`m gm{hË`mH$S>o
g_rjH$m§Mo bj Jobo. Ë`m_wio VoWrb gm{hË`mÀ`m
AZwdmXmbm ~ha Ambr. AZwdmX H$em_wio Va OJ Odi
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 13
`oD$ bmJbo åhUyZ qH$dm Cno{jV OrdZmH$S>o g§doXZerb
_ZmZo nmhÊ`mMr d¥Îmr {dH${gV Pmë`m_wio.
`m àýmMm {dMma ^maVmÀ`m g§X^m©V Ho$ë`mg ho
{XgyZ `oB©b H$s, gm{hË` AH$mX_tÀ`m ñWmnZoZ§Va ^maVr`
^mfm§Vrb gm{hË`mÀ`m AZwdmXmg doJ `oV Jobm. gm{hË`
AH$mX_rÀ`m KQ>ZoVM Ago Z_yX H$aÊ`mV Ambobo Amho
H$s ^maV gaH$maZo Á`m 22 àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§Zm _mÝ`Vm
{Xbobr Amho. Ë`m ^mfm§Vrb CËH¥$ï> Aem gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX
BVa ^maVr` ^mfm§V H$adyZ ¿`mdo d Ë`mg àH$m{eV H$amdo.
Ë`m_wio dmMH$m§À`m bjmV `oBb
© H$s ^maVr` _ZmMr d¡{eîQ>ço
H$m` AmhoV. gmZoJwéOtÀ`m Am§Va^maVrMr H$ënZmM
gm{hË`-AH$mX_r am~{dV Amho Ago åhUmdo bmJob.
Ë`m{edm` gm{hË` AH$mX_r Xadfu àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§Vrb
Á`m gm{hË`H¥$VtZm gm{hË` AH$mX_r nwañH$ma XoVo, Ë`m§Mo
AZwdmX BVa ^maVr` ^mfm§V H$adyZ KoD$Z Ë`m§À`m
àH$meZmMr O~m~Xmar XoIrb Vr KoVo. Ë`m_wio AmO
gm{hË`mZwdmX àH$m{eV H$aUmar OJmVrb gdm©V _moR>r g§ñWm
Agm {VMm Zmdbm¡{H$H$ Amho. AZwdmX H$m Va Ë`mg
AH$mX_rMm nwañH$ma {_imbobm Amho åhUyZ. Va AZwdmX
H$emMm Ë`mMm hm EH$ {ZH$f Pmbm. Ë`m{edm` AH$mX_rMr
Or {d^mJr` H$m`m©b`o AmhoV VoWo g§~§{YV ^mfm§Mo Oo
{Z`m_H$ _§S>i AgVo, Ë`m§Zm XoIrb BVa ^maVr` ^mfm§Vrb
CÎm_ Aem nwñVH$m§Mm AZwdmX H$adyZ KoÊ`mMm d Ë`mg
àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mMm A{YH$ma AgVmo. VoWo AZwdmXmgmR>rÀ`m
nwñVH$m§À`m AZwdmXmMr {ZdS> VoWrb {d^mJr` g{_Vr H$arV
AgVo.
bmoH$emhr ì`dñWm ñdrH$maë`mZ§Va bmoH$mJ«hmg
_hÎd `oUo ñdm^m{dH$M AgVo. `m bmoH$mJ«hmÀ`m _yimV
doJdoJir H$maUo Agy eH$VmV. Amnë`m ^mfoV Oo CÎm_,
CËH¥$ï> Amho Vo BVa ^mfm§V Omd`mg hdo Ago dmQ>Uo
ñdm^m{dH$ Amho. Ë`m{edm` Amnë`m amÁ`mVrb H$mhr
_hm_mZdm~Ôb, H$mhr nwñVH$m§~Ôb, A{V[aŠV Agm
A{^_mZ VoWrb bmoH$à{V{ZYrV, nÌH$mamV, {dMmad§VmV
AgVmo. _J Ë`mMo H$V¥©Ëd qH$dm Ë`mZo {b{hbobo gm{hË`
gdmªn`ªV Omdo Ago dmQy> bmJVo. Ë`mVyZ _J gaH$mar
nmVirda AZwdmX Ho$bo OmD$ bmJVmV.
CXm. : H$Zm©Q>H$mVrb EH$m _§Í`mg Ago dmQ>bo
H$s _. ~gdoœam§Mr H$ÝZS>_Yrb dMZo hr H«$m§{VH$mar
AmhoV, nwamoJm_r {dMmam§Mr AmhoV. `m _hmZ Y_© d
g_mOgwYmaH$mÀ`m dMZm§Mm n[aM` CÎmaoVrb qhXr ^m{fH$m§Zm
14 n gm{hË`
ìhmdm. AmVm `mgmR>r Ë`mZo arVga _§{Ì_§S>imMr _mÝ`Vm
KoVbr. Ë`mgmR>r bmJUmè`m bjmdYr én`m§Mr gmo` Ho$br
d Ho$di EH$m _{hÝ`mV `m g§nyU© dMZm§Mm qhXr AZwdmX
H$adyZ KoVbm. qhXrVyZ àH$m{eV Ho$bm. EdT>oM Zìho Va
qhXrÀ`m amï´>r` d¥ÎmnÌmVyZ Om{hamV {Xbr H$s hm AZwdmX
Aä`mgH$m§Zm {Z:ewëH$ CnbãY H$adyZ XoÊ`mV `oB©b.
Ë`mgmR>r \$ŠV EH$ AO© nmR>dyZ Úmdo hr AgVo ~m§{YbH$s
d H$m_ H$adyZ KoÊ`mMr VËnaVm d {eñV. `mCbQ> _hmamï´>mV
_hmË_m \w$b|À`m J«§WmÀ`m qhXr AZwdmXmgmR>r VrZ dfm©nojm
A{YH$ H$mi bmJbm. Am{U EdT>o H$ê$Z AZwdm{XV nwñVHo$
dmMH$mn`ªV nmohmoMbrM ZmhrV. g§V VwH$mam_mÀ`m A^§Jm§Zm
gd© ^maVr` ^mfoV nmohMÊ`mMm g§H$ën Zm emgZmZo Ho$bm
Zm dmaH$è`m§À`m g§JR>Zm§Zr. Amnë`mH$S>o AZwdmXmMo H$m_
ho d¡`pŠVH$ nmVirdaM hmoV.o g§ñWmË_H$ nmVirdê$Z Zìho.
Amnë`mH$S>rb H$moUË`mhr {dÚmnrR>mVrb _amR>r, qhXr qH$dm
B§JO« r {d^mJmV AZwdmXmgmR>rMo àH$ën am~{dbo OmV ZmhrV.
_hmamï´> amÁ` qhXr AH$mX_rMm gXñ` AgVmZm _r
AH$mX_rÀ`m VËH$mbrZ AÜ`jm§Zm EH$ àñVmd Agm {Xbm
hmoVm H$s amÁ` qhXr AH$mX_rZo Xadfu _amR>rVrb EH$m
CËH¥$ï> gm{hË`H¥$VrMm d EH$m d¡MmarH$ J«W§ m§Mm qhXr AZwdmX
H$adyZ ¿`mdm d Vmo àH$meZmgmR>r qhXrVrb _moR>çm
àH$meH$mg AZwdmXmg{hV Úmdm. AH$mX_rH$S>o ~OoQ> AgVo
nU _mPm hm àñVmd \o$Q>mibm Jobm. H$maU Ë`mdoiÀ`m
AH$mX_r AÜ`jm§Zm `mVyZ ñdV:Mm H$mhr bm^ hmoV
Zgë`mMo OmUdbo Agmdo. _hmamï´>mV JwOamVr, qgYr, qhXr
d CXÿ© AH$mXå`m AmhoV. Vo `m Ñï>rZo H$mhrhr H$arV ZmhrV
hr _mPr VH«$ma Amho. V{_iZmSy>Vrb gaH$ma Vm_ri ^mfoVrb
CËH¥$ï> gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX H$aUmè`mg nwañH$ma XoD$Z gå_mZ
H$aVo.
&&4&&
Amnë`m {dMmam§Mm, g§àXm`mMm, VÎdkmZmMm àMma
H$aÊ`mgmR>r, Ë`mÀ`mer g§~{§ YV gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX H$adyZ
KoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m àH$meZmgmR>r H$mhr àH$meZ g§ñWm
ñdmV§Í`nydunmgyZM ^maVmV g{H«$` AmhoV. gmå`dmXmer
g§~§{YV gm{hË` d `m {df`mdarb OmJ{VH$ nmVirda
XO}Xma R>aboë`m J«W§ mMo AZwdmX H$adyZ Vo àH$m{eV H$aUmè`m
àH$meZ g§ñWm _amR>r (bmoH$dmL²>_` àH$meZ), VobwJw,
~§Jmbr, qhXr d _ë`mi_ ^mfoV AmOhr g{H«$` AmhoV.
(AZwdmX H$m, Va Am_À`m {dMmamÀ`m àMma-àgmamgmR>r)
d¡{XH$ gm{hË`mMm àMma-àgma H$aUmè`m- doX d Cn{ZfXo
d Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§{YV g§ñH¥$V J«§WmMm AZwdmX àH$m{eV
H$aUmè`m {H$_mZ AYm© S>PZ àH$meZ g§ñWm qhXrV AmhoV.
Am`© g_mOmer g§~§{YV `m g§ñWm H$_rV H$_r {H$_VrV
dmMH$mn`ªV ho gm{hË` nmohMdVmV. Am`© g_mO hr g§ñWm
_y{V©nOy m, H$_©H$m§S>,o nwamUo `mÀ`m {damoYmV AgUmar. Ë`m_wio
_y{V©nyOm d Ë`mÀ`mer g§~§YV H$_©H$m§S>mMm gVV {damoY ho
Ë`m§À`m àMmamMo gyÌ AgVo. `mbm CÎma åhUyZ gZmVZ
g^oZo ñdmV§Í`nyd© H$mimVM JrVm àog JmoaInyaMr ñWmnZm
Ho$br d `m JrVm àog_YyZ gd© nwamUm§Mm, JrVoMm d Xodr-
XodVm§er g§~{§ YV g§ñH¥$V J«W§ mMm AZwdmX àH$m{eV H$aÊ`mV
`oD$ bmJbm. lr_X²^JdVJrVog JrVm àogZo AZoH$ ê$nmV
àH$m{eV Ho$bobo Amho. _yi d AZwdmXmg{hV. dmMH$m§Zr
`mg àM§S> Agm à{VgmX {Xbm. AmVm Va JrVm àog JmoaInya,
kmZoœar d VwH$mam_JmWm XoIrb _yi _amR>rVyZ AWm©g{hV
àH$m{eV H$arV Amho . ñdmV§ Í `mny d u h¡ Ð m~mX `o W o
àH$meZg§ñWm hmoVr. Ho$di ào_M§Xm§À`m qhXr gm{hË`mMm
VobJw w AZwdmX Vo àH$m{eV H$am`Mo. CnamoŠV gd© AZwdmXm§Mm
_yi CÔoe Amnë`m {dMmam§Mm àdmh-àgma Oar Agbm
Var Ë`mVyZ g§~§{YV ^mfoVrb gm{hË` g_¥Õ Pmbobo Amho
Am{U hrM O_oMr ~mOy Amho. qhXþÎddmXrXoIrb `m joÌmV
_mJo ZmhrV. gZmVZ qhXþÎdmer g§~§{YV J«§WmMm AZwdmX
Amnë`m ^mfoV àH$m{eV H$aUmè`m àH$meZ g§ñWm AZoH$
àm§VmV AmhoV.
`m àým§À`m CÎmamg CnamoŠV H$maUm{edm` BVa AZoH$
H$maUo Agy eH$VmV. øm doJdoJù`m H$maUm§Mm emoY
KoÊ`mgmR>r åhUyZ _hmamï´>mVë`m AZwdmXH$m§Mm, `m àým§À`m
AZwf§JmZo gìh} KoVbm OmD$ eH$Vmo. Ë`m§Zm àý_m{bH$m
nmR>dyZ CnamoŠV XmoZ àým§-(AZwdmX H$m d H$emgmR>r)
gmo~V AZwdmX à{H«$`og§~§Yr XoIrb àý {dMmabo OmD$
eH$VmV. Agm gìh} KoVë`mZ§Va Oo {ZîH$f© hmVr bmJVrb,
Vo Iyn _hÎdmMo d dmñVdXeu AgVrb. ho VoìhmM eŠ`
hmoB©b, Ooìhm `m gd© àým§Mr CÎmao AZwdmXH$ Iyn
àm_m{UH$nUo XoVrb.
dñVwpñWVr hr Amho H$s AmO AZwdmXm_mJrb _w»`
àoaUm AW© Amho. àË`oH$ H$mimVrb AZwdmXH$mg_moa Ë`m
H$mimVbo àý AgVmV, AmìhmZo AgVmV, AmXe© AgVmV.
Ë`m{edm` àË`oH$ H$mimVrb dmMH$m§À`m AmdS>r{ZdS>rhr
AgVmV. ho gd© KQ>H$ AZwdmX H$aÊ`m_mJo àË`j-
AàË`jnUo H$m`© H$arV AgVmV. ñdmV§Í`mnydu Á`m
H$maUm_wio AZwdmX Ho$bo OmV hmoVo, VoM H$maU AmOhr
Agmdo Agm AmJ«h YaUo MwH$sMo Amho. Ë`mdoiMo OJÊ`mMo
g§X^©M doJio hmoVo. AmO gd© OrdZM AW©_` Pmbobo
Amho. H$mhr AndmXmË_H$ ì`ŠVr AmOhr AmhoV Á`m {d{eï>
Aem Ü`o`mZo àoarV hmoD$Z AZwdmX H$arV AmhoV. qH$dm
EImXr gm{hË`H¥$Vr dmMyZ {dbjU Aer AñdñWVm {Z_m©U
Pmë`m_wio Ë`m AdñWVoVyZ qH$dm VUmdmVyZ ~mhoa
nS>Ê`mgmR>r åhUyZ AZwdmX H$arV AgVrbhr. nU
Ë`mZ§VaMm-àH$meZmMm àý-Iyn AdKS> Agm AgVmo.
AmOÀ`m H$mimV Ü`o`dmXr àH$meH$ gmnS>Uo Xþ{_©iM.
g§~§{YV AZwdmXmMo AW© _yë` H$m` Amho, ho àH$meH$
AmYr VnmgUma. AW©_yë` Agob VaM Vo àH$m{eV
H$aUma. AZwdmX VoìhmM gmW©H$ R>aVo, Ooìhm Vo dmMH$m§À`m
hmVr nS>Vo. Ë`m_wio ho XmoÝhr àý Ho$di AZwdmXH$mer
g§ ~ § { YV Zgy Z àH$meH$mer Xo I rb g§ ~ § { YV Amho .
Ë`m§À`m Am{W©H$ ì`dhmamerhr g§~§{YV Amho. AZwdmX H$m
àH$m{eV H$aVm, H$emgmR>r àH$m{eV H$aVm ho Vo XmoZ àý
AmhoV.
&&5&&
AbrH$S>o {dÚmnrR> nmVirda AZw d mX hm
Aä`mgH«$_mMm {df` Pmbobm Amho. dYm© `oWrb _. Jm§Yr
Am§Vaamï´>r` qhXr {dÚmnrR>mV AZwdmX `m {df`mV nXì`wÎma
Aä`mgH«$_mMr gmo` H$aÊ`mV Ambobr Amho. ñdm_r am_mZ§X
VrW© _amR>dmS>m {dÚmnrR>, Zm§XoS> `oWrb E_.E. B§J«OrÀ`m
nmR>çH«$_mV AZwdmX hm {df` Amho. `m gd© {R>H$mUr
AZwdmXmMr g¡Õm§{VH$s {eH$dÊ`mV `oVo. S>m°. _m`m n§{S>Vm§Zr
Amnë`m EH$m àXrK© Aem boImV AZwdmXmMo {gÕm§V
_m§S>Ê`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bobm Amho. `oWrb {dÚmÏ`mªZm Amnë`m
^mfoVrb N>moQ>çm nwpñVHo$Mm, boImMm AZwdmX B§J«OrVyZ
qH$dm qhXrVyZ qH$dm `mÀ`m CbQ> gmXa H$amdm bmJVmo.
åhUOo `oWrb AZwdmX H$emgmR>r Va Aä`mgH«$_mMm EH$
^mJ Amho åhUyZ.
AZwdmX EH$m nmVirda Ë`m ^m{fH$ g_mOmVrb
dmMH$m§Zm ì`mnH$ Aem g_mOOrdZmer OmoS>V AgVo.
H$mhr AZwdmXm_wio Ë`m ^mfoV ZdrZ gm{hË`àdmh gwê$
hmoVmV. Va ~hþVoH$ AZwdmX Ë`m ^mfoVrb boIH$m§Zm
AmË_narjUmgmR>r {gÕ H$arV AgVmV.
eoŠg{n`aÀ`m B§J«Or ZmQ>çmZwdmXm_wio _amR>r
ZmQ>H$m§À`m Am§Va~mø ñdê$nmV ~Xb Pmë`mMo Amnë`mbm
_mhrV AmhoM. Ho$di _amR>rM Zìho Va gd©M ^maVr`
ZmQ>H$m§À`m Ame` d àñVwVrH$aUmV ~Xb Pmë`mMo AmT>iZy
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 15
`oB©b. Va eaX²ü§ÐmÀ`m ~§Jmbr H$mX§~è`m§À`m _amR>r
AZwdmXm_wio (AZwdmXH$ : _m_m daoaH$a) _amR>r H$mX§~arMm
Moham_mohamM ~Xbbm Ago Zaha Hw$é§XH$am§Zr "Yma Am{U
H$mR>' `m Aä`mgnyU© J«§WmV Z_yX Ho$bobo Amho. _amR>r
X{bV gm{hË`mÀ`m AZwdmXm_wio qhXrV d BVa ^maVr`
^mfm§V X{bV dmL²>_`mMm àdmh gwê$ Pmbm. hr dñVwpñWVr
H$moUrhr ZmH$maV Zmhr. adtÐZmW R>mHy$am§À`m JrVm§ObrÀ`m
AZwdmXm_wio gd©Ì ^maVr` ^mfm§Vrb H$dtZm doJù`m àoaUm
{_imë`m. Va AZwdmX H$emgmR>r `mMo hoM CÎma H$s
AZwdmXm_wio gm{hË`mÀ`m H$jm AmUIrZM é§XmdVmV.
Ë`mgmo~VM Amnë`m gm{hË`mÀ`m _`m©Xm XoIrb bjmV
`oVmV. dmMH$m§Zm OrdZmH$S>o nmhmÊ`mMr EH$ ZdrZ Ñï>r
àmßV hmoV.o Amnë`m n[agamVrb, OrdZmVrb àým§Zm gm_moao
OmÊ`mMo ~i {_iVo. _mŠg© Am{U boZrZMo gm{hË`-{dMma
Á`mdoir AZwdmXmVyZ doJdoJù`m ^mfm§V Jobo, Ë`mdoir `m
16 n gm{hË`
gd© ^mfm§À`m gm{hpË`H$m§Zm EH$ ZdrZ gm{hË`{df`H$
Ñï>r {_imbr. dmñVddmXr OrdZmMo {MÌU `oWyZM Va
gwê$ hmoVo.
gm{hË`mMm g§~§Y _mZdr OrdZmer Amho. _mUyg hm
`m gm{hË`mÀ`m H|$ÐñWmZr Amho. OJmVë`m doJdoJù`m
^mJmV hm _mUyg H$gm OJV Amho, {dnarV pñWVrer H$gm
g§Kf© H$arV Amho, ñÌr-nwéf g§~§YmV H$gm ~Xb hmoV
Mmbbobm Amho. boIH$ d _mUyg åhUyZ ho gd© OmUyZ
KoÊ`mMr {Okmgm AZoH$m§V H$_r-A{YH$ à_mUmV AgVo.
AZwdmXm{edm` hr {Okmgm nyU© hmoD$ eH$V Zmhr. AmVm
JaO Amho Vr _mUyg åhUyZ gd©OU EH$Ì `oÊ`mMr,
EH$_oH$m§Zm g_OyZ KoÊ`mMr Va AZwdmX H$m d H$emgmR>r
`mMo AmUIrZ EH$ N>moQ>ogo CÎma EdT>oM H$s AZwdmX _mUyg
g_OyZ KoÊ`mgmR>r. AZwdmX H$emgmR>r Va _mUyg åhUyZ
_mUgmOdi `oÊ`mgmR>r.
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 ^mfm§Va-^mfm Am{U H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va :
EH$ {M{H$Ëgm
S>m°. XrnH$ ~moaJmdo
^mfm§Va hm ^mfm g_¥ÕrMm Am{U ^mfm CÝZVrMm
_hm_mJ© AgVmo Ago gm_mÝ`nUo ^mfmemñÌk d
^mfm§Vamä`mgH$ _mZVmV. AZoH$ ^mfm§Mo B{Vhmg VnmgVmZm
AmnUm§g hr à{MVr `oVo. _mZdr g§ñH¥$VrMm ^mfm§Va hm
EH$ AË`§V _hËdmMm KQ>H$ åhUyZ ^mfoH$So> nm{hbo OmVo.
åhUyZ Q>ßß`mQ>ßß`mV Pmboë`m ^mfrH$ g§ñH¥$Vr {dH$mgmMm
emoY KoVmZm ^mfm§VamZo ~Omdboë`m ^y{_H$m§Mm AÝd` bjmV
`oV OmVmo. ^mfoMm g§H$a hr EH$ Z Q>miVm `oÊ`mgmaIo
^mfrH$ KQ>rV (language phenomenon) AgVo. B{Vhmg
àdmhmV Vr AI§S>nUo dhmV AgVo. B{VhmgmÀ`m AZoH$
Q>ßß`mV g§ñH¥$Vr-g§H$a hmhr AQ>i AgVmo. `wÕoµ, bT>m`m,
OoVo d Ë`m§Mr gÎmm, Ë`m§Mr dM©ñddmXr g§ñH¥$Vr, ì`mnma,
{ddmh åhUOo OoË`m§Mo pñÌ`m§er Ambobo earag§~§Yµ
H$bmì`dhmµa g§JrV AmXr XodmUKodmUrVyZ g§ñH¥$Vr g§H$a
KS>V AgVmo. Aem JwV§ mJwV§ rÀ`m g§ñH¥$Vr-g§H$a ì`dhmam§VZy
^mfoMm {dH$mg KS>V AgVmo. ^mfm§Vamä`mgH$m§Zr `m Ñï>rZo
AZoH$ ^mfm§Mm Aä`mg Ho$bm Amho.
B§J«Or ^mfm H$er AmH$maV Jobr; Vr g_¥Õ H$er
hmoV Jobr Am{U Vr OJmMr ^mfm H$er Pmbr ho nmhUo
CX²~moYH$ Va AmhoM {edm` Ë`m_Ü`o AZwñ`yV Agbobo
amOH$s` Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ Jw§Vo VnmgUo hohr {dñ_`OÝ`
Amho. àmMrZ J«rH$ d b°Q>rZ ^mfm§nmgyZ Vo \«o$ÝM, ñn°{Ze,
BQ>m{b`Z, O_©Z, ñH°${S>Zo{d`Z, a{e`Z, Mm`ZrO,
A°{\«$H$Z, Aao{~H$ d ^maVr` ^mfm§_YyZhr `m ^mfoV AZoH$
eãX Jobo AmhoV. ho gd© ^mfmg§H$amVyZM KS>bobo Amho. hr
à{H«$`m AmnUm§g CbQ>rhr Pmbobr {XgVo.
Joë`m XmoZAS>rMeo dfm©V ^maVr` ^mfm§V B§J«OrVrb
{dnwb eãX^m§S>ma XmIb Pmbo Amho. _amR>rV AmnU Vo
{b{hÊ`m-~mobÊ`mV _wŠVnUo dmnaVmo. _amR>rVrb H$mhr
CXmhaUo nmhÿ`m. _amR>rV AmnU ho eãX gam©g dmnaVmo
(`mMm EH$ H$m°anghr hmoD$ eH$Vmo). ho eãX B§J«OrVyZ
Ambobo AmhoV ho AmnUm§g _wÔm_ bjmV AmUyZ ¿`mdo
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 17
bmJVo. CXm. \${Z©Ma, Q>o~b, H$n, nmoï, _ZrAm°S©>a, aoëdo,
gm`H$bµ, Q>rìhr, ao{S>Amo, _mo~mB©b, ~m`moSo>Q>m, H§$åß`wQ>a,
H°$ång, ~mB©H$, ßb°Q>\$m°_,© S|>Oa, bmB©Q>, Am°naoeZ, S>mŠ° Q>a,
ñH$m°ba{enµ, [agoneZ, H°$goQµ, pìh{S>Amo, _°Jo{PZ; nrE_,
grE_, AmoHo$gmaIo em°Q>© \$m°_©; _°ZoOa, {nÂPm, ~J©a,
Am°åboQ>, JmS>çm§Mr Zmdo; g§JUrH$aUm_wio Ambobo eãX :
nrgr, S>mD$ZbmoS>, do~gmB©Q, \$m°ÊQ>g; _mo~mB©bÀ`m g§X^m©V
dmnabo OmUmao eãX : EgE_Eg H$a, ìhm°Q>gn H$a, arMmO©
H$a, _ogoO, H$m°nr, B_oO, Poam°Šg, \$moQ>mo : An^«§emVyZ
Ambobo eãX : {H$Q>br (Kettle), BpñnVi (Hospital),
X»IU (Deccan) hrhr `mXr »myn _moR>r Amho. `mVrb
~aoM eãX g§ñH¥$V ~ZdyZ Vo H$mTy>Z Q>mH$Ê`mMo A{YH¥$V
à`ËZhr Pmbo. nU Vo `eñdr Pmbo ZmhrV. CXm. Qy> pìhba
{H§$dm gm`H$b `m eìXmg XþMmH$s hm eãX {H$dm JoñQ>
nm{Hª$Jbm Aä`mJV dmhZVi, H$m°boObm _hm{dÚmb`,
Am°{\$gbm H$m`m©b`, _°Jo{PZbm _m{gH$, H$åß`wQ>abm
g§JUH$, _mo~mB©bbm ^«_UÜdZr, Ago AZoH$ eãX _amR>r
_ZmZo \$mago ñdrH$mabobo {XgV Zmhr. ñQ>e o Zbm (~mob^mfoV
R>ogZ) aoëdoñWmZH$, ~g ñQ>±S>bm ~g ñWmZH$ dJ¡ao eãXhr
_amR>r ^mfH$m§Zr ñdrH$mabobo {XgV ZmhrV. \$ma Va ho
eãX Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{hVoV (formal language situations)
dmnabo OmVmV Ago åhUVm `oB©b. aoëdo d ~g ho eãX Va
_amR>r åhUyZM pñWamdbobo AmhoV. EHy$U H$m` H$s AmnU
ho eãX ghOVoZo dmnaVmo; H$maU Vo AmnboM eãX AmhoV
qH$dm _amR>r AmhoV Ago åhUyZ. Ë`m§À`m Aem øm _moR>çm
à_mUmdarb dmnam§ _ w i o M `m eãXm§ M o à_mUrH$aU
(standardization) hmoVo; Ë`m§Mr gm_m{OH$ d gm§ñH¥${VH$
(social and cultural sanction) _mÝ`Vm {H§$dm ñdrH$ma
hm dmT>V OmVmo.
Aao{~H$ ^mfoVyZhr Oo AZoH$ eãX B§J«OrV Ambo
AmhoV Vo nm{hbo Va AmnU W¸$M hmoVmo. Bñbm_ Y_m©Vrb
eãX nhm … califa, fatawa, jihad, mosque, Ramdan,
sharia; gm{hË` d {eënH$bm … gazal lute, naker,
tabla, abode, alcove; {dkmZ : alchemy, soda, algebra,
alkali, algorithm, almagest, alkalist; àmUr-njr …
albatross, bulbul, saker, giraffe, jerboa, gazlle; H$nSo>
d gm¢X`© àgmYZo … cotton, muslin, kameez, attar,
mascara; AÝZ d no` … bard, candy, sugar, halwa,
alcholol, coffee, mocha, sherbet, syrup; g§~moYZo d
gm§ñH¥${VH$ : amir, maulana, mullah, sahib, vizier,
hakim, nikah, sharif dJ¡ao. Á`wS>r n{g©`b `m§Zr Ago
18 n gm{hË`
hOmamo Aao{~H$ eãX Ý`y Am°Šg\$S©> B§p½be {S>ŠeZar
(2002) `m eãXH$moemV Zm|Xdbo AmhoV. `mVrb H$mhr
eãX Va (CXm … mosque, albatross, alcholol, coffee,
mocha, candy, sugar, syrup, alchemy, soda, algebra,
alkali, algorithm, giraffe) ho Aao{~H$ AgmdoV `mda
{dídmgM R>odVm `oV Zmhr, EdT>o Vo ~o_mby_nUo B§J«OrV
EH$ê$n Pmbo AmhoV.
^mfo M m Am{U g§ ñ H¥ $ Vr-dmMZmMm (Cultural
Reading qH$dm Culture Studies) OdiMm g§~§Y Amho.
B{Vhmg dmMZmgmR>r ^mfm ho EH$ _hËdmMo gmYZ Amho
Ago B{VhmgVÁk amo_rbm Wmna (1931-) `m§Zr åhQ>bo
Amho (2002… 12-26). `mMo H$maU B{Vhmg àdmhmV
AZoH$ g_whg§ñH¥$Vr EH$_oH$m§V {_giV AgVmV Ë`mVyZ
^mfm AmH$mambm `oVmV; Zì`m OÝ_VmV {H$dm AñV§JVhr
nmdVmV. ^mfm g§H$a hm à_wI KQ>H$ BWo gVV H$m`©aV
AgVmo. ^mfm g§H$a hm Eo{Vhm{gH$ d g§ñH¥$Vr àdmhmV
_mÝ` nmdVmo Voìhm Vo eãX ho Ë`m ^mfoMoM hmoVmV.
CÎma ^maVmVrb ^mfm§à_mUoM _amR>rda {H$Ë`oH$ H$mi
\$maer_m\©$V Aao~rH$ ^mfoMm à^md nS>bm. \$maer ^mfoVZy hr
_amR>rV ~aoM eãX Ambobo AmhoV; `mMr g§»`m hr BVH$s
Amho H$s `mgmR>r Vm¡b{ZH$ ^mfmVÁkm§Zm `m g§H$amMm
^mfmH$moeM H$amdm bmJbm. S>m.° `w. _. nR>mU `m§Zr \$maer-
_amR>r ì`wËn{ÎmH$moe (2008) Agm EH$ ^mfmg§H$a
eãXH$moeM g§nm{XV Ho$bm Amho; Vmo Aä`mgH$m§Zr Oê$a
nhmdm. Oa Z_wÝ`mgmR>r ho H$mhr \$maer eãX nm{hbo Oo
~o_mby_nUo (hmhr \$maerM eãX Amho) _amR>r ^mfm d
g§ñH¥$VrV {_gibobo AmhoV Va AmnUhr H$mhr H$mi øm
gm§ñH¥${VH$ d ^m{fH$ YŠŠ`mVyZ bdH$a ~mhoa `oV Zmhr
Agm AZw^d Amho. CXmhaUmW© ho H$mhr eãX nhm … AIoa
(2008… 1)µ Amdmam (12), {H$Zmam (29), {H$aH$moi
aOm (29), ImOJr (39), {OÝZg (63), Xáa (79),
X_ (73), Vmo\$ (78), ~wÐHþ $ åhUOo OwZo Jmd (\$maer_Ü`o
~wOwJ©; åhUOo ~wÐþH$ ho \$maerVrb ~wOwJ©Mo An^«§d{eV
ê$n Amho) ^adgm {H$dm {dê$ÕAWu ~o^adgm (125),
_wbyI (149), _wbmIV (149), EodOr (19), ~a~mX
(118), emã~mg (175), eha (174), bmMma (167),
b§JS>m (166), gaH$ma (184), h`mV (191), ham_Imoa
(200), hbJOu (201), hbH$Q> (200), {OÝZg (63)
dJ¡a.o `m eãXm§Vrb AIoa, {H$Zmam, {H$aH$moi aOm, ImOJr,
~wÐþH$, ^adgm, _wbyI, _wbmIV, EodOr, emã~mg, eha,
bmMma, b§JS>m, gaH$ma, h`mV, {OÝZg ho eãX Va Añgb
_amR>_moio dmQ>VmV. ho \$maer_YyZ _amR>rV Ambo AgmdoV
`mda {dídmg ~gUo H$R>rU R>aVo. {edm` ham_Imoa {H$dm
hbH$Q> `m {eì`m Va Img _amR>rM dmQ>VmV. ~wÐþH$
gmaIm eãX hm XoIrb A_amR>r Agmdm `mdahr {dídmg
R>odUo H$R>rUM. V²-h`mV hm eãX h`mV `m eãXnmgyZ
g§H$¥ Vg§H$amVyZ {Z_m©U Pmbm Amho; nU Vmo _wimVyZ g§ñH¥$VM
Agmdm Ago dmQ>Uo gmh{OH$ hmoD$Z ~gVo. EodOr, emã~mg,
eha, bmMma, b§JS>m, gaH$ma gmaIo eãX Va Img _amR>r
diUmMo dmQ>VmV. ~è`mM OUm§Zm ho _mhrV Zgmdo H$s ~\©$
(119) hm eãX \$maer Amho Am{U Ë`mMo origins ho
Aao{~H$_Ü`o gmnS>VmV Aer {Z[ajUo AmhoV; Vmo ~\©$
AmVm _amR>rV pñWamdbm Amho. hm eãX _amR>r ^mfoMm d
g§ñH¥$VrMm EH$ A{d^mÁ` ^mJ Pmbobm Amho. {dkmZ
Am{U V§ÌemñÌm_wio nmÊ`mnmgyZ H¥${Ì_ ~\©$ ~ZdÊ`mMo
emñÌ _amR>r ^y_rV AdVabo Voìhm `m nXmWm©bm H$m`
åhUmdo Agm EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ noM {Z_m©U Pmbm Agmdm.
`mVyZ \$maer ^mfoVyZ hr eãX-CMb (borrowing) Pmbr
Agmdr. _amR>r àXoe hm XJS>m§Mm àXoe Ago JmoqdXmJ«Om§Zr
åhQ>bo Amho. Voìhm BWo ~\©$ H$gm Agob? Or Jmoï> Amnë`m
^dVmbr ZgVo qH$dm {OÀ`m~Ôb Amnë`m _ZmV H$mhr
{dMma qH$dm ^mdZm {Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$V ZmhrV Ë`mMo
Zm_H$aU H$go hmoUma? hm EH$ gd©gmYmaU ^mfmemñÌmVrb
{gÕm§V Amho. ñdXoerdmXr d ^mfm ewÕrH$aUdmÚm§Zr
(purist, conservatives) ho ^mfmg§H$amMo gm§ñH¥${VH$ KQ>rV
g_OmdyZ KoVbo nm{hOo.
g§ñH¥$V ^mfoVrbhr ~aoM eãX OJmVrb BVa AZoH$
^mfm§V Jobobo AmT>iVmV. ^maVmV OÝ_bobm ~wÕ Y_©
^maVmV ê$Obm Zmhr. nU `m VËdkmZmMm åhUOo ~wÕrP_Mm
àgma _mÌ MrZ d OnmZ_Ü`o Pmbm. `m ñWbm§VamVyZ ^maVr`
AÜ`mË_dmXr VÎdkmZmVrb Ü`mZ hm eãX {MZr d OmnZrO
^mfoV Jobm. hm eãX AZoH$ pñWË`§VamVyZ d An^«§emVyZ
Jobm AgUma. AmO emoZ (MrZ) d PoZ (OnmZ) Aer
Ü`mZ øm eãXmMr ê$no `m ^mfm§VyZ AmnUm§g {XgVmV.
^mfm§Vam_wio ^mfm§Mr {j{VO§ {dñVmaVmV Ago E{S>W
J«m°g_Z {hZo åhQ>bo Amho (1910…23). dmMH$, ^mfm
~mobUmao d dmnaUmao, boIH$ `m§À`mda ^mfm§VamVyZ ^mfoMo
g§ñH$ma hmoV AgVmV. `mhrnojm _hÎdmMo åhUOo ho g§ñH$ma
IwX Ë`m {d{eð> ^mfodahr hmoVmV. ^mfm§Vam_YyZ `oUmao
A{YH$m{YH$ Zdo KQ>H$, An[a{MV eãXg_wh d Ë`m~amo~a
`oUmao Ë`m ^mfoVë`m gm§ñH¥${VH$ d¡{eîQ>çnyU© {JaŠ`m øm
Amnë`m ^mfobm A{YH$ VOobXma, A{YH$ bd{MH$ Am{U
A{YH$ àmgm{XH$ ~ZdV AgVmV1. ^mfoÀ`m ì`mH$aUmMmhr
^mfmg§H$amVyZ à^md nS>V AgVmo. ^mbM§Ð Zo_mSo> `m§Zr
_amR>rda B§J«Or ^mfoMm à^md H$gm nS>bm `m~Ôb Ë`m§À`m
The Influence of English on Marathi : A
Sociolinguistic and Stylistic Study `m nwñVH$mV MMm©
Ho$br Amho. B§JO
« r syntax Mm à^md XmIdÊ`mgmR>r _hmË_m
Á`mo{V~m \w$bo `m§À`m _amR>rVrb H$mhr CXmhaUm§Mr Ë`m§Zr
MMm© Ho$bobr Amho. WmoS>Š`mV, ^mfmg§H$a hm ^mfm g_¥ÕrMm
_hm_mJ© AgVmo ho gd©_mÝ` Pmbobo ^mfrH$ KQ>rV Amho.
Xoem§VJ©V Hw$admibr OmUmar ^mfrH$ ewÕVm (purity
of language) ho {_WH$ Vr ^mfm {Q>H$dÊ`mgmR>r Zìho Va
{Vbm J§O MT>mdm `mgmR>rM Ago à`ËZ hmoVmZm {XgVmV.
Aem ^mfm øm Xþgè`m ^mfm§À`m g§nH$m©V Z `oD$ {Xë`mZo
qH$dm ^mfmg§H$a Q>miyZ ^mfobm AewÕ hmoÊ`mnmgyZ
dmMdÊ`mMr namH$mð>m Ho$ë`m_wio H$mbm§VamZo Aem ^mfm
bdH$a g§nwï>mV `oVmV. åhUyZ ^mfm§Va ho Am§Vagm§ñH¥${VH$
(intercultural) Am{U ~hþ ^ mfrH$ àdmhm_w i o
(multilingual currents) ^mfobm g_¥Õ H$aUmao à_wI
hË`ma Amho ho AmnU {dgaVm H$m_m Z`o. ^mfm Am{U
^mfm§VamH$So> nmhÊ`mMm hm emñÌewÕ Ñ{ï>H$moZ AmnU
{dH${gV Ho$bm nm{hOo d Vmo H$moUVmhr nyd©J¥h Z R>odVm
AmnUm§g {Q>H$dVm Ambm nm{hOo. ho H$aUo åhUOoM AZoH$
^mfm§Mm g§nH©$ dmT>dUo {H$dm AZoH$ ^mfm g§nH$m©V `oÊ`mg
_‚mmd Z H$aUo;o {H§$dm Vgm gÑT> ^mfrH$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ g_mOmV
{Z_m©U H$gm hmoBb
© `mMr H$miOr KoUo hmo`. AWm©V, ^mfoÀ`m
g§X^mVrb `m gm_m{OH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$$ ì`ŠVr{Zð> Am{U
g_ï>ràYmZ O~m~Xmè`m _hÎdmÀ`m R>aVmV.
^mfm§Va Am{U B{Vhmg ho EH$_oH$m§er ~m§Ybobo
AgVmV. B{VhmgmÀ`m ^ì` àdmhmV ^mfm§Va ho ^mfrH$
KQ>rV AWm©VM {VVHo$go _hÎdmMo _mZbo OmV Zmhr. åhUyZ
^mfm§Va KQ>rVmMr \$maem Jm§^r`m©Zo XIb KoVbr OmV Zmhr.
^mfmemñÌk S>m°. JUoe Xodr `m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho H$s gm{hË`
na§nam øm ^mfm§VamVyZM OÝ_ KoV AgVmV Am{U Ë`m naV
naV ^mfm§Va H¥$VrÀ`m _mÜ`_mVyZM {dH${gV hmoV AgVmV
(1999 … 183). ^maVr` gm{hË` na§naoV ho ^mfrH$
KQ>rV A{YH$ àË``dmXr Amho. ^mfm§VamMm B{Vhmg
boIZmer hm Agm g§~Y§ `oVmo. {Vgè`m OJmVrb gm{hË`mMm
^mfrH$ B{Vhmg hm gdm©V àmMrZ åhUOo nmM hOma dfm©Mm
Amho. åhUyZM dgmhVoVa ^maVmV (post-colonial India)
amOH$s` Am{U gm§ñH¥$VrH$ ~hþ^mfrH$ËdmMo Oo ^mfrH$
amOH$maU Ho$bo OmVo Vo AmH$bZmÀ`m n{bH$S>Mo Amho.
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 19
 B§JO
« rMo _amR>rda AmH«$_U hmoV Amho Am{U ho doirM
Wmondbo Zmhr Va _amR>rMm A§V ìhm`bm doi bmJUma
Zmhr; qH$~hþZm _amR>r ^mfm hr Amnbo eodQ>Mo ídmg _moOVo
Amho dJ¡ao {Z[ajUo ñdXoer Am{U ^mfmewÕrdmbo gVV
H$aV AgVmV. `mV VÏ` {H$Vr? hm àíZ AWm©VM _hÎdmMm
R>aVmo. `m_Ü`o A{YH$Va àMmamMm ^mJ Amho. {edm` Aem
Jmoï>rV amOH$s` {hVg§~§Yhr XS>bobo AgVmV. Aer AmoaS>
H$aUmè`m§Zm ^mfo~ÔbMr AmñWm dJ¡ao H$mhr ZgVo. Ë`m§Zm
Ho$di ñdmWm©Mr nmoir ^mOyZ KoUo `m n{bH$So> H$mhr {XgV
ZgVo. So>pìhS> {H«$ñQ>b (1941-) `m OJ{d»`mV
^mfmVÁkm§Mo ^mfoMm A§V (2007) `m _hÎdmÀ`m
nwñVH$m_Ü`o `m~ÔbMo Ë`m§Mo {dYmZ »myn _hËdmMo Amho
{edm` Vo OJ_mÝ` Amho. Vo åhUVmV H$s ^mfm dmnaUmar
eodQ>Mr ì`ŠVr (the last user of language) Ooìhm _aU
nmdVo VoìhmM Vr {d{eð> ^mfm _aU nmdV AgVo.
^mfm A§VmMo g§^m{fV ho AmnU ZrQ> g_OmdyZ KoVbo
nm{hOo. AmO à_mU _amR>rbm (Standard dialect) YmoH$m
Zmhr; nU Á`m AZoH$ ~mob^mfm AmhoV Ë`m§Mm bmon
{ZpíMVnUo hmoV Amho. JUoe Xodr d {Vgè`m OJmVrb
VoOpñdZr {Za§OZm gmaIo ^mfm§Va Aä`mgH$ `m~Ôb qMVm
ì`ŠV H$aV AmhoV. ^maVmVë`m hOmamo ~momb^mfm AñV§JV
hmoV AmhoV. `mMo à_wI H$maU åhUOo Vr dmnaUmè`m§Mr
g§»`m H$ënZoÀ`m n{bH$So> H$_r hmoV Amho. Ë`m§Zm gm_m{OH$
d gm§ñH¥${VH$ _mÝ`Vm {_iV Zmhr {H§$dm Vem àH$maMo
^m{fH$ amOH$maU Ho$bo OmV Amho. X{bV d J«m_rU gm{hË`
Am{U _amR>r J«m_^mfm dmnaUmè`m {gZo_mZo `m g§X^m©V
»myn _hÎdmÀ`m ^y{_H$m ~Omdë`m AmhoV. B§J«Or hr Oar
kmZ^mfm Amho ho dmXmgmR>r _mÝ` Ho$bo Var Amnë`m
JmdmH$S>À`m ^mfm dmnaÊ`mV gw{e{jV bmoH$ H$m H$MaVmV
hm àíZ {dMmabm Jobm nm{hOo. ^mfoÀ`m g§X^m©V ewÕ-
Aew Õ Vo À `m H$ënZm Amnë`mV embo ` d`mnmgy Z
nÕVeranUo ê$Odë`m AmhoV. dM©ñddmÚm§Mr Ver EH$
gm§ñH¥${VH$ ì`dñWm gVV H$m`©aV AgVo. {Xbrn MìhmU
`m§Zr Language Politics under Colonialism (2013)
`m J«§WmV ^mfoMo à_mUrH$aU H$go hmoVo qH$dm Vo H$go Ho$bo
OmVo Am{U Ë`m_mJo gm§ñH¥${VH$ amOH$maUmMr ^y{_H$m H$m`
AgVo `mMo {ddoMZ Ho$bo Amho.
Vgo nm{hë`mg ^mfm hr ewÕ {H$dm AewÕ ZgVo.
ewÕ-AewÕ øm g§H$ënZm Y_©emñÌmVyZ {H§$dm _oQ>{° \${OŠg-
_YyZ {dkmZmV A{^garV Pmë`m. åhUOo nmUr ho ewÕ
{H§$dm AewÕ Agy eH$Vo Ago AmnUm§g {dkmZ gm§JVo.
20 n gm{hË`
^mfm hr à_mU {H$dm Aà_mU AgVo; Vr ewÕ {H§$dm
AewÕ ZgVo. Vgo AgÊ`mMo H$mhr H$maU Zmhr. àË`oH$
^mfoVrb ^mfoMm EH$ àH$ma (Variety / dialect) hr à_mU
~ZVo. ^mfoMm Vmo {d{eð> àH$ma à_mU hmoÊ`mV B{Vhmg
Am{U dM©ñddmXr d ~è`mM doim gÎmmYmar dJm©Mo amOH$maU
O~m~Xma AgVo. nwÊ`mMr {d{eð> n[agamVbr _amR>r
~mobÊ`mMm {H$dm {bhÊ`mMm àH$ma (dialect) hm à_mU
_amR>rMm àH$ma åhUyZ pñWa Pmbm. hrM _amR>r AmnU
J«W§ ,µ ^mfU, boI, g§emoYZ `m_YyZ dmnaVmo. Eadr ~mobVmZm
AmnU Amnbr ~mob^mfm dmnaVmo. ^mfoÀ`m Aem à_mU
àH$mamMo (standard dialect) EH$ {d{eð> Ago gm_m{OH$
d gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñWmZhr AgVo.
Amnë`m XoemV ^mfm§Mm d ^mfm§VamMm B{Vhmg hm
g_¥Õ Amhoo; {edm` Vmo àmMrZhr Amho. XmoZ-AS>rM hOma
dfmªnj o m A{YH$ Aer àXrK© ^mfm§Va na§nam Amnë`m Xoembm
bm^yZhr BWë`m ^mfm g_¥Õ H$m Pmë`m ZmhrV? hm EH$
_hÎdmMm àíZ Zoh_r {dMmabm OmVmo. `m_mJo àmMrZ
H$mimnmgyZMo `m XoemVrb gm§ñH¥${VH$ d gm_m{OH$ amOH$maU
O~m~Xma Amho Ago `oWrb àmÀ`{dÚmn§{S>V _mZVmV. g§ñH¥$V
^mfoZo CÎma-~wÕ H$mbI§S>mVrb ^m{fH$$d gm§ñH¥${VH$
amOH$maUm_wio `m na§nam {Z_m©U Pmë`m {H§$dm {Z_m©U Ho$ë`m
Joë`m Agohr åhQ>bobo Amho. nwT>o hOma-XrS>hOma dfmªn`ªV
øm Mmby am{hë`m; AJXr {~«{Q>em§À`m AmJ_Zmn`ªV Ago
XmIbo B{VhmgmV gmnS>VmV. {~«Q>re Amë`mZ§Va _mÌ Ë`m§Mm
ZmB©bmOM Pmbm. Ë`m_wio øm AkmZ {Z{_©VrÀ`m (creation
of ignorance) à{H«$`obm \$mQ>m {_imbm. `mMo EH$ à_wI
H$maU hmoVo ñdV… {~«{Q>e amÁ`H$V}M! Ë`m§Zr ^mfm§VamÀ`m
CÚmoJmbm àmYmÝ` {Xë`m_wio ho Ago KS>bo. {~«{Q>em§Mm
AWm©VM CÔoí` hm amOH$s` hmoVm. Ë`m§Zm BWo amOH$s`Ñï>`m
pñWa ìhm`Mo hmoVoµ {edm` amÁ`{dñVmahr H$am`Mm hmoVm.
{deofV… EH$mo{Ugmì`m eVH$mnmgyZ ^maVr` g§{hVm øm
àm_w»`mZo _moR>çm à_mUmda B§JO« rV ^mfm§VarV hmoD$ bmJë`m.
{edm` B§J«Or {ejUmMr gwédmV d àgma `m_wio `oWrb
Cƒ{e{jV dJm©ZM o (Omo gmh{OH$M ~hþAe § r ~«m÷U hmoVm)
B§J«Or {df`mMo kmZ àW_V… àmá Ho$bo Am{U gwadmVrg
^mfm§Vaohr Ë`m§ZrM Ho$br. B§J«Om§Zrhr Aem AZoH$ n§{S>Vm§Mo
gmhmæ` KoD$Z g§ñH¥$V gm{hË`mMr ^mfm§Vao B§JO « rV AmUbr.
`m_Ü`o {dë`_ OmoÝg (1746-1794) `m§Mo H$mbrXmgm§Mo
(376-454) (A{^OZemHw$§ Vb_²) Abhijnashakuntalam
(1789) ho EH$ _hÎdmMo ^mfm§Va _mZbo Jobo Amho. OmoÝg
ho BñQ> B§{S>`m H§$nZrMo EH$ _hÎdmMo àemgH$s` A{YH$mar
Am{U E{e`mQ>rH$ gmogm`Q>rMo AÜ`j hmoVo. Institutes of
Hindu Laws (1799) ho nwñVH$ Ë`m§Zr B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV
H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr B§J«Om§Mr dmgmhVrH$ eŠVr dmT>dbr.
^maVmVrb qhXÿ g_mOmbm Ë`m§À`m Xoer g§ñH¥$VrMo AWmªVaU
H$aVm `oV Zmhr Agm {ZîH$f© H$mTy>Z Ë`m§Zr ^maVr` g_mO
hm dm§{eH$VoZo nN>mS>bobm g_mO Amho Aer ZH$mamË_H$
à{V_m B§J«Om§_Ü`o {Z_m©U H$aÊ`mV Vo `eñdr Pmbo
(Niranjana, 1992).
^maVr` ^mfm§_Ü`o ^mfm§Va Am{U AZwdmX øm XmoÝhr
g§km g_mZAWu åhUyZM dmnaë`m OmVmV. dmñV{dH$ Ë`m§Mm
Imobda {dMma Ho$ë`mg Ë`mVrb ^oX Am{U AWmªÀ`m H$jm
øm {ZgaS>çm AmhoV ho bjmV `oVo. nmíMmÎ` OJVmVgwÕm
Translation øm g§kmÀ`m B{Vhmgmbmhr e§^aXrS>eo
dfm©MmM B{Vhmg Amho. Om°Z S´>m`S>Z `m§Zr gd©àW_
Parapharase, Metapharase, Imitation Aem g§km
dmnaboë`m AmhoV (1975… 19). àmMrZ ^maVr` dmL²>_`mV
^mfm§Va hr g§km Zmhr; Vr g§ñH¥$V_Ü`ohr Zmhr. _mÌ AZwdmX
hr g§km AmnUm§g g§ñH¥$V gm{hË`mV gmnS>Vo; {edm` Vr
kmZoídam§Zrhr dmnabobr Amho.
n{T>`§Vo gXm VoMr & n[a ^moJr ZdrZdr ê$Mr &
åhUm¡{Z hm C{MVw{M & AZwdmX {gÕ &&783&&
A_¥VmZw^d (1952)
_wimV Oo {gÕ Amho Ë`mMm AZwdmX åhUOo
nwZê$ƒmaU Agm kmZoídam§Zr AZwdmX øm eãXmMm AW©
Ë`m§À`m H$mimV hmoVm; hm {Zdm©im darb AmoirVyZ `mVyZ
ì`ŠV hmoVmo. Zo_mSo> `m§Zr AZwdmX `m eãXmV Hw$R>ho r ^mfoVrb
~Xb hm AW© gy{MV hmoV Zmhr Ago åhQ>bo Amho. Ë`m§Zr
lr. _. _mQ>o `m§Mm hdmbm XoV nwT>o åhQ>bo Amho H$s ^mfm§Va
hm AZwdmXmMm àH$ma Amho (Zd^maV, 1982… 22). H$mhr
VÁkm§À`m _Vo ^mfm§Va hr g§km {hÝXrVyZ _amR>rV Ambr
Amho Ago åhQ>bo Amho; nU `m~Ôb \$ma H$mhr _m{hVr
Zmhr qH$dm Vgo g§emoYZhr Pmbobo Zmhr Ago {XgVo.
WmoS>Š`mV `mMm AW© Agm hmoVmo H$s ^mfm§Va hr g§km
^maVr` ^mfm§Vrb A{bH$S>rb H$mimVrbM Amho Am{U
Ago åhUm`bm H$mhr AdH$me {ZpíMV Amho Ago dmQ>Vo.
AmOH$mb ^mfm§Va Am{U AZwdmX øm g§km Oa
g_mZAWu åhUyZ dmnaë`m OmV AgVrb Va ho `mo½`
Amho H$m? ^mfm§Va emñÌmÀ`m {dÚmÏ`m©bm `mVbm _J
gyú_Xeu \$aH$ H$am`Mm Pmë`mg `mMr \$moS> H$er H$amdr
bmJob? AZwdmX hm _yi g§ñH¥$V eãX Amho. AZw åhUOo
_mJyZ (AZwgaU H$aUo) +> dX² åhUOo ~mobUo Aer Ë`mMr
\$moS> hmoDµ$ eH$Vo. AZwdmX `m g§koMo _J _mJyZ ~mobUo,
EImÚmMo ~mobyZ Pmë`mda naV VoM ~mobUo {H$dm Ë`mbm
CÎma XoÊ`mgmR>r ~mobUo, nwZê$ƒmaU H$aUo, Xþgè`m eãXmV
gm§{JVbobM o gm§JUo; ho Pmbo dmÀ` ê$nmVë`m g§{hVo~Ôb;
{bpIV _OHy$am~Ôbhr AgoM åhUVm `oB©b åhUOo à{gÕ
Pmboë`m _OHy$am~Ôb ñn{ï>H$aU XoU,o {deX H$ê$Z gm§JUo,µ
{ddaU H$aUo {H$dm Ë`mMm {dñVma H$aUo qH$dm nwÝhm gm§JUo,
ñnï> H$aUo dJ¡ao. AZwdmXm~ÔbÀ`m øm gd© AWmªMm {dMma
H$aVm S´>m`S>Zo dmnaboë`m Parapharase, Metapharase,
Imitation Aem g§km BWo g§`wpŠVH$ dmQ>VmV Ago {XgVo.
åhUOo BWo AZwdmX `mMm AW© ñd¡a ^mfm§Va (Loose or
Free Translation) `mM AWm©Zo dmnabobm {XgVmo.
^mmfm§VamMm Aä`mg hm AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVbm Amho. `mMm
AW© AZwdmX åhUyZ `mMm {dMma Am{U gamd hm àmMrZ
H$mimnmgyZ Oar Agbm Var Ë`m~Ôb J§m^r`m©Zo {dMma
H$aÊ`mMo {H$dm Ë`m~Ôb H$mhrEH$ g¡Ym§{VH$ ñdê$nmMr
g_rjm hr AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV Pmbr Amho.
H$ë`mU H$mio `m§Zrhr AemM àH$maMr {Z[ajUo
Zm|Xdbobr AmhoV (àñVmdZmµ 1997… 8-9). Ë`m§ì`m _Vo
AZwdmX hr EH$ ì`mnH$ g§km Amho Am{U ^mfm§Va hm EH$
Ë`mV g_mdUmam ^mJ Amho. Vmo EH$ AZwdmXmMmM àH$ma
Amho. åhUyZ ^mfm§VamV gmam§e, ñnï>rH$aU, JÚê$nm§V,
nÚê$nm§Va BË`mXr Jmoï>rhr g_mdVmV. H$mio `m§Zr EH$^mfrH$
Am{U {^ÝZ^mfrH$ AZwdmX Ago AZwdmXmMo dJuH$aU Ho$bo
Amho. EH$^mfrH$ hm AZwdmX AgVmo Am{U {^ÝZ^mfrH$ ho
^mfm§Va AgVo; åhUOo {^ÝZ^mfrH$ CXm. {hÝXr_YyZ _amR>rV
ñWmZm§VaU hmoUm©`m gd©M g§{hVm øm ^mfm§VamÀ`mM AgVmV
H$m Ë`m§Zm AZwdmX åhUm`Mm hm EH$ àíZ BWo AZwÎmarVM
Amho. AWm©V ho ñWmZm§VaU H$go Ho$bo Amho `mdaM Vo
Adb§~yZ AgUma Am{U Ë`mdaM Vo ñd¡a ^mfm§Va Amho H$s
ê$nm§VaU Amho ho g_Oy eHo$b. kmZoídarMr _amR>rVM
ñWmZm§VarV Ho$bobr g§{hVm ho AZwdmXmMoM CXmhaUo Amho.
CXm. qdXm§Zr kmZoídarMm AmYw{ZH$ _amR>rV AZwdmX Ho$bm
Amho; hm AWm©VM EH$^mfrH$ Amho. nU `mbm ê$nm§VaUhr
åhUVm `oB©b. _J g§ñH¥$V_YyZ am_m`U Am{U _hm^maV
`m _hmH$mì`mÀ`m _XVrZo aKwd§e, OmZH$shaU, amdUdY
dJ¡ao g§{hVm {Z_m©U Pmë`m `mbm H$m` åhUm`Mo? `mbm
ê$nm§VaU {H§$dm ñd¡a ^mfm§VaU AgoM åhUVm `oD$ eHo$b.
H$maU `m_Ü`o ñÌmoV g§{hVobm eãXe… {MH$Qy>Z Z amhVm
{VÀ`m ñWyb Ame`mda bj H|$ÐrV Ho$bo Amho Oar Vo
{^ÝZ^mfrH$ Agbo Var `mVbm _w»` Ame` nH$S>Ê`mMm
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 21
à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho. `mbmM AmnU AZwdmX Ago åhUVmo.
`mCbQ> ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o ñÌmoV g§{hVoMm gm¢Xm`m©Zw^d,
dmÀ`mZw^d, e¡brOÝ` KQ>H$m§gh nmoM{dÊ`mMm ^mfm§VaH$mamMm
à`ËZ AgVmo. ^mfm§VaH$ma hm ñÌmoV g§{hVoMm ñWyb Ame`
{H§$dm ñnï>rH$aUdOm Ho$bobo {Zê$nU XoV Zmhr; `mCbQ>
^mfm§VaH$ma eãX-Z²-eãX, dmŠ`m§e, dmŠ`, eãXg_whmMm
KmQ>, ~è`mMdoim e¡brOÝ` KmQ, gm§ñH¥${VH$ gO©H$
{MÝhm§VaU dJ¡ao Ago AZoH$ KQ>H$ Xþgè`m ^mfoV A{YH$
gyú_ [aVrZo ñWmZm§VarV H$aV AgVmo.
ho gd© gmYmaUnUo Am§ V X© o { e` ^mfm§ V am_Ü`o
(International Translation) eŠ` Amho. CXm. VwH$mam_
{hÝXrV {H$dm H$~ra _amR>rV ^mfm§VarV H$aVmZm BWo e¡brOÝ`
KmQ> H$mhr à_mUmV CVadUo eŠ` Amho. `mCbQ>, {MÍ`m§Mm
B§JO« rVbm goO VwH$m (1991) `m_Ü`o A^§JmMm KmQ> naŠ`m
B§J«OrV H$gm CVaUma?$ _§Joe nmS>Jm§dH$am§Zr H$~ramMo Xmoho
(1997) `m ^mfm§VamVyZ H$~ra _amR>rV AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ
Ho$bm Amho; nU nmS>Jm§dH$am§À`m _Ü`_dJu` eãXH$iobm
H$~ram§Mr {VIQ> ^mfm H$er gmogob AgmM H$mì`mZw^d
H$~ra _mhrV Agboë`m _amR>r dmMH$m§Zm {ZpíMVM `oVmo.
{edm` Xmoho hm H$mì`àH$ma ImgH$ê$Z H$~ram§À`m
H$mbI§S>mVbm Amho Ogm A^§J hm H$mì`àH$ma ImgH$ê$Z
_amR>r gm{hË`mVrb _Ü``wJrZ H$mbI§S>mVbm Amho. _J
Xmoho hm H$mì`àH$ma _amR>r dmMH$m§À`m Jir H$gm
CVad`mMm? àmMrZ g§ñH¥$V gm{hË`mV {deofV… F$½doX
Am{U doXm§_Ü`o F$Mm AmhoV Z§VaÀ`m gm{hË`mV íbmoH$
AmhoV hm EH$ {d{eð> H$mbI§S>mVbm H$mì` KmQ> Amho Vmo
AmOÀ`m AmYw{ZH$ _amR>rV H$gm `oD$ eHo$b? gmYmaUV…
gm{hË`mÀ`m {H$dm H${dVoÀ`m KmQ>mMm àíZ hm gm§ñH¥$Vr-
gmnoj (Culture specific) Am{U H$mb-gmnoj AgVmo.
_Ü``wJrZ H$mbI§S>mVyZ BQ>mbr`Z gm{hË`mÀ`m à^mdmImbr
gw{ZV (Sonnet) hm H$mì`àH$ma B§J«Or H$mì`mV pñWamdbm
dmT>bm, g_¥Õ Pmbm Am{U Z§Va Vmo OJ^a bmoH${à`hr
Pmbm. _amR>rVgwÕm Ho$edgwV, qdXm Am{U BVa H$dtZr Vmo
_amR>rVr ê$T> H$aÊ`mMm EH$ à`ËZ Ho$bm; nU Vmo ê$T>
Pmbm H$m? qdXm Am{U AOyZ H$mhr _hÎdmÀ`m _amR>r
H$dtZr ~è`mM gw{ZV aMZm {b{hë`m nU dmMH$m§Zr hm
H$mì`àH$ma Hw$R>o Amnbmgm Ho$bm? Ogo JOb hm H$mì`
àH$ma _amR>rV gwaoe ^Q>m§_wio bmoH${à` Pmbm. hm H$mì`
àH$ma _amR>r g§ñH¥$VrV BVŠ`m ~o_mby_nUo {_gibm H$s
Vmo `m _mVrMmM dmQy> bmJbm. `mMo EH$ _hÎdmMo H$maU
åhUOo JOb hm H$mì` KmQ> CXÿ©VyZ {hÝXrV Ambm Am{U
22 n gm{hË`
_J Vmo {hÝXr-CXÿ©VyZ _amR>rV Ambm. JPb hm H$mì`KmQ>
ga§Om_r H$mbI§S>mV {dH${gV Pmbm Agbm VargwÕm Vmo
Am¡Úmo{JH$sH$aUmZ§VaÀ`m H$mbI§S>mVgwÕm CXÿ© {hÝXrV {Q>H$y Z
amhrbm. _Ú, l¥§Jma, {à`mamYZ øm {di»`mVyZ gwQ>H$m
H$ê$Z VÎdkmZ, Am¡namoY, amOH$s` {df`mdarb ^mî` Ago
{df` Vmo Am¡Úmo{JHo$Va H$mimV {df` hmVmiy bmJbm.
^mfoMm ~mOhr H$mimZwê$n ~Xbbm. ^Q>m§Zr `m JObm§_Ü`o
MH«$Yañdm_r, kmZoída, VwH$mam_nmgyZ AmOÀ`m gm_mÝ`
_mUgm§À`m gmÜ`m gai àmgm{XH$ ^mfon`ªV Ë`m§À`m
JObm§_Ü`o _amR>r ^mfoMo {d^«_ AmT>iVmV. _amR>r ^mfoMo
Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m JObm§_YyZ Iyn à`moJ Ho$bo; Ë`m_wio
~mob^mfm, ^mfoVrb àmgm{XH$Vm, gwb^Vm hr AZoH$
epŠVñWio Ë`m§À`m JObm§VyZ {XgVmV. ^Q>m§gma»`m EH$m
{X½JO à{V^md§VmMm `m H$mì`KmQ>bm ñne© Pmbm hohr EH$
_hÎdmMo H$maU Amho H$s Á`m_wio _amR>r dmMH$m§Zr hm
H$mì`àH$ma AmngyH$ ñdrH$mabm. nU BWo hohr bjmV R>do bo
nm{hOo H$s hm H$mì`àH$ma eoVH$è`m§_Ü`o n[a{MV Zmhr;
gd©gm_mÝ` ~hþOZm§Vhr Vmo A^§JmEdT>m {ZpíMVM n[aM`mMm
Zmhr; Vmo ImgH$ê$Z dJ©{Zð> Amho. hr Ë`mMr EH$ _moR>r
_`m©Xmhr Amho. åhUOo Vmo _Ü`_dJu` {e{jV g_mOm_Ü`o
A{YH$Va n[aM`mMm Amho Am{U Vmohr AJXr _`m©{XV
ñdê$nmV. åhUOo Ho$di ^mfoÀ`m a{gH$m§Zm Am{U A{^OZ
dJm©VyZ JPb hr _amR>rVyZ {b{hbr OmVo` `mMo kmZ AgVo
Am{U Ë`mMo WmoSo>\$ma dmMZhr AgVo Ago {XgVo. `m_wio
JOb hm H$mì`àH$ma _amR>r g_mOmZo g§nyU©V… ñdrH$mabm
Amho Ago gaigmoQ> {dYmZ H$aUo ~amo~a hmoUma Zmhr.
gm{hË`mMm KmQ> Am{U Ë`mMo ^mfm§VamVrb ñWmZm§VaU hm
^mfm§Vamä`mgmVrb hm MM}Mm EH$ ñdV§Ì {df`M Amho.
^mfm§Vamä`mg hm Am§Va{dÚmemIr` Aä`mg Amho.
`m_Ü`o AZoH$ gm_m{OH$ emñÌm§Mm Aä`mghr A{^àoV
AgVmo. ^mfmemñÌ Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr Aä`mgm~amo~aM
^mfm§ V amä`mgmV g_mOemñÌ, B{Vhmg, Y_© e mñÌ,
amOH$maU, AW©emñÌ, _mZgemñÌ, _mZì`emñÌ Aem
AZoH$ emñÌm§Mm Aä`mg `mV AZwñ`yV AgVmo. gmam§emZo
`m {R>H$mUr EdT>oM åhUVm `oB©b H$s AZwdmX hm àmMrZ
H$mimnmgyZ gwê$ Agbobm EH$ ñd¡a ^mfm§VamMmM àH$ma
Amho Am{U `mCbQ> ^mfm§Va hr {deofV… AmYw{ZH$
H$mimVbr ^mfrH$ Am{U g§ñH¥$Vr Aä`mgmÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ
{dH${gV Pmbobr {eñV~Õ nÕVrZo EH$m ^mfoVyZ Xþgè`m
^mfoV ñWmZm§VarV {H$dm A{^g[aV H$aÊ`mMo emñÌ Amho.
B§JO
« rVyZ _amR>r Am{U _amR>rVyZ B§JO
« r Aer ^mfm§Vao
^maVmV hmoVM hmoVr. nU Ë`mMo à_mU ho AË`ën hmoVo. ho
à_mU H«$_e… d {deofV… 1960 Z§Va dmT>V Jobo. H$Wm,
H$mX§~ar, ZmQ>H$, H${dVm, bmoH${à` gm{hË`mMr ^mfm§Vao,
{dkmZ, V§ÌkmZ, gm_m{OH$ emñÌo, _mZì`{dÚm emIm§Vrb
AZoH$ {df`m§darb ^mfm§Vao, VÎdkmZ d Y_©emñÌ, g_rjm,
AmXr ^mfm§Vao _amR>rV d Aënem à_mUmV B§J«OrVhr
CnbãY hmoD$ bmJbr. ho à_mU {dbjUM åhUmdo bmJob.
1970-80À`m Xaå`mZ àmoJ«og npãbeg© _m°ñH$mo `m§Mr
^a_gmR> nwñVHo$ _m\$H$ Am{U ñdñV XamV ^maVmV CnbãY
hmoV hmoVr. hr gd© nwñVHo$ a{e`Z gm{hË`mMr B§J«OrV
Pmboë`m ^mfm§VamVyZ _amR>rV ^mfm§VarV hmoV hmoVr. åhUOo
ho S>~b ^mfm§VaU hmoVo. Zohê$ H$mbI§S>mZ§VaMm hm àdmg
hmoVm. ^maVmMo gmopìhEQ> a{e`mer {_ÌËdmMo g§~§Y hmoVo.
Zohê$§Mo g_mOdmXr ZoVË¥ d `mbm H$maUr^yV hmoV.o noamoñÌmB©H$m
(Perestroika åhUOo nwZ©aMZm) Am{U ½bmgZmoñQ> åhUOo
CXmarH$aU {H$dm _moH$ionUm (glasnost) hr Midi
gmopìhEQ> a{e`mV Ver 1980 Z§Va gwê$ Pmbr Agbr Var
Ë`mMm OJmda à^md hm 1990-91 _Ü`o àË`jmV nSy>
bmJbm. `mMm EH$ Vm~S>Vmo~rMm n[aUm_ åhUOo a{e`Z
gm{hË`mMm hm AmoK H$_r Pmbm d Z§Va Vmo ~§XM Pmbm.
1970-80 H$mimVbr {nT>r hr `m gm{hË`mMa nmogbr
Jobr. `m gm{hË`mV àm_w»`mZo _mŠg© d boZrZ `m§Mo gm{hË`
Am{U _°ŠPr_ Jm°H$r©À`m H$mX§~è`m `mMm g_mdoe hmoVm.
g¡Õm§{VH$ d BVahr Iyn doJdoJù`m àH$mamMr nwñVHo$
(àm_w»`mZo ^mfm§VarV) hr _m°ñH$mohÿZ `oV. `mMm EH$ \$ma
_moR>m à^md _amR>r gm{hË`mda {XgyZ `oVmo. `m~ÔbMr
{Z[ajUo AZoH$ Aä`mgH$m§Zr Zm|Xdbobr AmhoV.
Aj`Hw$_ma H$mio Am{U A§Obr gmo_U `m§Zr g§nmXZ
Ho $ bo b o ^mfm§ V a_r_m§ g m (1997) ho _amR>rVrb
^mfm§Vamä`mgmdaMo EH$ _hÎdmMo nwñVH$ åhUyZ _mZbo Jobo
Amho. nU `m J«§WmV g¡Õm§{VH$ MM}g àmYmÝ` {Xbobo Amho;
Vr AWm©VM _amR>r Aä`mgH$m§À`m Ñï>rZo AË`§V _hÎdmMrM
Amho. AemoH$ Ho$iH$a Am{U A{ZHo$V Omdao `m§Mo boI
_hÎdmMo AmhoV. {_qbX _mbeo `m§Mm amo_Z `mH$mo~gZ;
Á`m§Zm AmYw{ZH$ ^mfm§Vamä`mgmMo OZH$ åhQ>bo OmVo, Ë`m§Mm
On Linguistic Aspects of Translation `m boImMo Ë`m§Zr
_amR>rV Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va `m nwñVH$mV g_m{dð> Ho$bo Amho.
^mfm§Va_r_m§goÀ`m Ñ{ï>H$moZmVyZ `m boImMo _hÎd ho
AZÝ`gmYmaU Ago M Amho . _m`m n§ { S>V `m§ À `m
ZmQ>çmZwdmXmdarb boImV H$mhr CXmhaUo hr _amR>rVyZ
^mfm§VarV Pmboë`m ZmQ>H$mda AmhoV. nU ~mH$sÀ`m boIm§VZy
Am§VaXo{e` ^mfm§Vam§Mr (International Translation) MMm©
Amho; åhUOo H$ÝZS>_YyZ _amR>rV, {hÝXr_YyZ _amR>rV {H$dm
~§Jbm _amR>r dJ¡a.o `mhr nwñVH$mV _amR>rVyZ B§JO« rV hmoUmè`m
^mfm§Vam§À`m MM}Mo à_mU »mynM H$_r Amho.
b{bVÀ`m {Xdmir A§H$mV (2011 … 123-196)
AZwdm{XV gm{hË`mbm A{YH$ _mJUr? `m {ef©H$mImbr
EH$ {d^mJ {dbmg Imobo `m§À`m g§nmXZmImbr g_m{dð>
Ho$bobm Amho. `m {d^mJmV EHy$U AmR> VÁkm§Mo XrK© boI
Amho V . `m_Ü`o H$Wm, H${dVm, H$mX§ ~ ar, ZmQ> H $,
~mbgm{hË`, {dkmZmVrb AZwdmX AemàH$maMm {d{dY
ñdê$nmMm AmT>mdm, {M{H$Ëgm d øm ^mfm§Vam§_wio _amR>r
gm{hË`mda Pmbobm n[aUm_ `mMr MMm© AmT>iVo. `m g§nU y ©
{d^mJmV B§J«Or ^mfoVyZ _amR>rV ^mfm§VarV Pmboë`m
gm{hË`mMr MMm© Amho. CXmhaUmgmR>r {Z{eH$m§V {_aOH$a
`m§Mm H$mX§~ardarb boI nhmdm (2011… 160-171).
`m boImV {_aOH$am§Zr B§JO « rVyZ _amR>rV ^mfm§VarV Pmboë`m
bmoH${à` H$mX§~ar Am{U J§^ra ñdê$nmMr H$mX§~ar `m§Mr
MMm© Ho$br Amho. bmoH${à` H$mX§~ar_Ü`o (Best Sellers,
{H§$dm {dbmg gma§J åhUVmV Vgo Iyn{dŠ`m H$mX§~è`m)
Ooåg h°S>br Mog, {gS>Zo eoëS>Z, A°JmWm p¼ñVr, B`mZ
âboq_J, A°{bñQ>a _°ŠbrZ, am°~rZ Hw$H$, Oo\«$s AmM©a,
hoam°ëS> am°~rÝg dJ¡ao H$mX§~arH$mam§À`m H$bmH¥$VtMr MMm©
Amho. J§^ra ñdê$nmÀ`m H$mX§~arH$mam§_Ü`o h_©Z _obdrb,
nb© ~H$, A°boŠg h°bo, {dë`_ JmoëS>tJ, gm°b ~obmo,
JñVmd âbm°~oa (\«o$ÝM), â`moXmoa XñV`dñH$s (a{e`Z)
`m§À`m H$bmH¥$VtMm g_mdoe Amho.
Om°O© Am°adob `m§À`m XmoZ OJà{gÕ H$mX§~è`m
Animal Farm (First Print, 1991 Am{U 1984 (2012)
`m§Mrhr _amR>rV ^mfm§Vao Pmbr AmhoV {H$dm nmñVaZmH$
`m§Mr S>m°ŠQ>a {Pd°Jmo, Iyn{dŠ`m H$mX§~atMm AZwdmX Va
\$ma _moR>çm à_mUmda AmT>iVmo. Aem AZwdm{XV
H$mX§~è`m§Mr g§»`mhr Iyn _moR>r Amho. `mnmR>r_mJo ~mOmamMo
amOH$maU (Politics of market) Amho. àH$meH$ ~mOmamV
InUmè`m nwñVH$m§Mm AZwdmX à{gÕ H$aÊ`m_mJo AgVmV.
BWo A{YH$m{YH$ Z\$m hoM J{UV AgVo. Aem àH$maÀ`m
AZwdmXmMr AZoH$ CXmhaUo XoVm `oVrb.
`m g§X^m©V EH$ {Z[ajU Ago Zm|XdVm `oB©b H$s
B§JO« rVyZ _amR>r Aer ^mfm§Vao A{YH$ Pmbr AmhoV; `mCbQ>
_amR>rVyZ B§J«Or Aem ^mfm§Vam§Mo à_mU ho IynM H$_r
Amho. _hmamï´>mV _amR>rVyZ B§J«Or_Ü`o gm{hË`mMo ^mfm§Va
H$aUmè`m§Mr g§»`m hr hmVmÀ`m ~moQ>mda _moOÊ`mBVH$sM
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 23
Amho ho AZoH$ Aä`mgH$m§Zr _mÝ` Ho$bo Amho. AéU
H$mobQ>H$a, qdXm H$a§XrH$a, {dbmg gma§J, {Xbrn {MÌo
`m§Zr ñdV…À`m H${dVm B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
{dbmg gma§J `m§Zr Amnë`mM H$mX§~è`m Am{U H$Wmhr
(The Women in Cages, 2006) ^mfm§VarV Ho$ë`m AmhoV.
Aem ^mfm§Vambm AmË_mZwdmX (self-translation) Ago
åhQ>bo OmVo. ñdV…À`m H${dVm§~amo~aM AéU H$mobQ>H$a
Am{U {dbmg gma§J `m§Zr BVam§À`mhr H${dVm B§J«OrV
^mfm§VarV Ho$ë`m AmhoV. {Xbrn {MÌo `m§Zr Va _amR>rVrb
AZoH$ g§{hVm B§JO« rV ^mfm§VarV Ho$ë`m AmhoV. VwH$mam_m§À`m
d kmZoídam§À`m H${dVm§nmgyZ (Anubhavamrut, 1991)
Zm_Xod T>gmi Vo ZìdmoXÎmar H$dr ho_§V {XdQ>o `m§À`m
Mm¡{Vern`ªVÀ`m H${dVm (Virus Alert, 2008) hm Ë`m§Mm
_moR>m Am{U XrK© ^mfm§Va-nQ> Amho. {MÍ`m§Zr g§nm{XV Ho$bobo
An Anthology of Marathi Poetry : 1945-1965
(1967) ho _amR>r H${dVm§Mo B§JO
« rV ^mfm§VarV Pmbobo n{hboM
nwñVH$ åhUmdo bmJob. `mZ§Va Aem àH$maMr AZoH$ nwñVHo$
à{gÕ Pmbobr {XgVmV.
gm_mÝ`nUo _amR>r ^mfm§Va g_rjoV _amR>rVyZ {H$dm
^maVr` ^mfm§_YyZ Á`m g§{hVm B§J«Or ^mfoV Joë`m Ë`mMr
MMm© hr AndmXmZoM dmMm`bm {_iVo. ^mbM§Ð Zo_mS>o,
AéU H$mobQ>H$a, {Xbrn nwéfmoÎm_ {MÌo, qdXm H$a§XrH$a,
{dbmg gma§J, Jm¡ar Xoenm§S,o em§Vm JmoIbo,µ {à`m AS>maH$a,
E. Ho$. H$m_V, _m`m n§{S>V, g§Vmof ^y_H$a, gwYmH$a _amR>µo,
ZrVr ~S>do (O_©Z _amR>r), Mmê$XÎm ^mJdV, g{MZ Ho$VH$a,
{dbmg gmiw§Ho$ Aer H$mhr _moOH$sM Zmdo hmVr `oVmV.
VwH$mam_m§daMo ^mbM§Ð Zo_mSo> `m§Mo _yimVyZ B§JO
« rV {b{hbobo
EH$ nwñVH$ gm{hË` AH$mXo_rZo à{gÕ Ho$bo Amho
(Tukaram, First Print, 1980). `mV Zo_mS>çm§Zr VwH$mam_m§Mo
AZoH$ A^§J B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Ho$bo AmhoV. Zo_mS>çm§Mo
ho ^mfm§ V arV A^§ J {MÍ`m§ Z r Vw H $mam_ ^mfm§ V arV
H$aÊ`mAJmoXaMo AmhoV. {MÍ`m§Zr ^mfm§VarV Ho$bobo ho
VwH$mam_m§Mo A^§J (Says Tuka, 1991) VwbZmË_[aË`m
VnmgyZ nhm`bm hdoV. hm EH$ ñdV§Ì Aä`mgmMm {df`
Amho.
gm{hË` AH$mXo_r hr g§ñWm _mÌ gmVË`mZo XmoÝhrhr
~mOyZo åhUOo ^maVr` ^mfm§Vrb gm{hË` ho B§J«OrV d
{deofV… ^maVr` B§JO« rVrb (Indian Writing in English)
gm{hË` ^maVr` ^mfm§V AZwdmXrV H$aUmar ^maVmVrb
EH$_od g§ñWm åhUmdr bmJob. Ë`m§À`m {Z`VH$m{bH$m§VyZ
^mfm§Va ì`dhmam§da J§^ra MMm©hr PS>V AgVmV; hr Jmoï>
24 n gm{hË`
AWm©VM _hÎdmMr _mZm`bm hdr. AWm©V hr g§ñWm ñdm`Îm
åhUyZ H$mJXmda Agbr Var {Vbm hmoUmao gaH$mar \§$S>rJ
{H$dm Am{W©H$ ghmæ` hm KQ>H$ {VMo gmVË` {Q>H$dÊ`m_Ü`o
_hÎdmMr ^y_rH$m ~OmdV AgVmo ho {dgaVm `oV Zmhr.
^mfm§Va _r_m§ggo mR>r ^mfm Am{U OrdZ _m`_mD$br-
gmaIr H$mhr {Z`VH$m{bHo$ AmhoV; (BVahr "H$mì`mJ«h'
gmaIr AgmdrV) nU Ë`m§Mr g§»`m BVH$s ZJÊ` Amho H$s
J§^ra ñdê$nmÀ`m ^mfm§VamMr {H$dm AZwdmXmMr MMm©-
g_rjm hr Ho$di EH$ AH$mX_rH$ MMm© åhUyZ nhm`bm
{_iVo. dmñV{dH$ ^mfm§Va ì`dhma hm _mZdr OrdZmVbm
BVH$m _hÎdmMm ì`dhma AgVmo H$s Ë`mMr ì`már hr
_mZdr g§ñH¥$Vrbm gd©ñneu Aer AgVo. nU Amnë`mH$So>
^mfm§Va {H§$dm AZwdmX øm ^mfrH$ KQ>rVm§Zm Xþæ`_ ñWmZ
Agë`mZo øm Jmoï> J§^ranUo KoÊ`mÀ`m gm§ñH¥${VH$ àWm
Amnë`m XoemV {Z_m©U Pmboë`m ZmhrV. ^mfm Am{U OrdZ
ho dmMH$mA^mdr ~§X nS>bobo {Z`VH$m{bH$ Amho.
dmMH$mA^mdr {H$dm Am{W©H$ Hw$M§~UoVZy ~§X nS>bb o r Aem
àH$maÀ`m {Z`VH$m{bH$m§Mr g§»`m ^maVmV _moR>r Amho.
_amR>rVyZ B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Pmboë`m g§{hVm øm
A{bH$So> g§»`oZo ~è`mn¡H$s {Z_m©U hmoV AmhoV ho EH$
Mm§Jbo d {dYm`H$ Ago {MÌ åhUm`bm hdo. X{bV
AmË_M[aÌmË_H$ H$mX§~è`m§Mr bmQ> Amnë`mH$So> Cnam (Frist
Print 1980) nmgyZ gwê$ Pmbr. `mVrb ~è`mM H$mX§~è`m§Mr
^mfm§Vao B§JO
« rV Pmbr AmhoV. X{bV ñÌr AmË_M[aÌmË_H$
H$mX§~è`m§hr _moR>çm à_mUmda nwéf X{bV AmË_M[aÌmË_H$
H$mX§~è`m§À`m _mJmo_mJ Amë`m. Ë`mVë`mhr VrZMma
H$mX§~è`m B§J«OrV Amboë`m AmhoV. e{_©bm aoJo `m§Zr `m
{df`mda EH$ _hÎdmMo nwñVH$ {bhbo Amho nU Vo _wimVyZ
B§J«OrV Amho (1999). `mV B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Pmboë`m
X{bV ñÌr AmË_M[aÌmË_H$ H$mX§~è`m§Vrb _hÎdmMo VwH$So>
g_m{dï> Ho$bobo AmhoV. _amR>rVyZ B§JO« rV ^mfm§VarV Pmboë`m
øm g§{hVm§da _amR>r g_rjoV H$mhrM MMm© Pmbobr Zmhr ho
BWo AYmoapo IV H$amdogo dmQ>V.o _amR>rVyZ B§JO
« rV ^mfm§VarV
Pmboë`m g§{hVm§Mr MMm© H$aVmZm àm_w»`mZo Á`m gm§ñH¥${VH$
noMm§Zm ^mfm§VaH$mam§Zm gm_moao Omdo bmJVo Vr VnmgUo
CX²~moYH$ R>aVo. øm g_ñ`m A{YH$Va H${dVm§À`m
^mfm§Vam_Ü`o AmT>iVmV.
H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vambm gm{hË` {dídmV _hÎdmMo
ñWmZ Agbo Var H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va ho ^mfm§Va Aä`mgjoÌmV
gdm©V H$R>rU ^mfm§Va g_Obo OmVo. åhUyZM gm{hË`
{dídmV `mMr MMm©hr {dnwb AgVoo. ZmQ>ç {H$dm JÚ
^mfm§Vamnojm H$mì` ^mfm§Va g_rjm hr åhUyZM A{YH$
{b{hbr Jobr Amho.
gd©àW_ H$mì`mMo ^mfm§Va H$aVm `oVo H$s Zmhr
`m~ÔbM g¡Õm§{VH$ MMm© ^mfm§Va g_rjH$m§Zr Ho$br Amho.
H${dVoMr ^mfm§Vao hr àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ hmoV Ambobr
AmhoV. Joë`m XmoZ hOma dfm©V `mMm B{Vhmg hm W¸$
H$aUmam Amho. BVHo$M Zìho Va øm ^mfm§Vam§_wio AZoH$
g§ñH¥$Vr Aä`mgmda Ë`m§Mm à^md Pmbobm {XgVmo. nmíMmÎ`
gm{hË` {dídmV {\$Q²O{JamëS> `m§Zr C_a Iæ`m_ `m§Mr
CXþ© gm{hË`mVrb ê$~mB© `m H$mì`àH$mamMr Ho$bobr ^mfm§Vao
(1959), EOmO Ah_X `m§Zr g§nm{XV Ho$bobo {_Pm© Jmbr~
`m§À`m H${dVm§Mo B§J«OrVrb ^mfm§Va (1971), BPam nmC§S>
(1925-1970) `m§Mo H°$ÝQ>moO² hr H$mhr R>iH$ CXmhaUo
Xo V m `o V rb. am_m`U-_hm^maVmnmgy Z Vo J« r H$
_hmH$mì`m§Mrhr AZoH$ ^mfm§Vao Pmbr. ~m`~bMo ^mfm§Va
hm Va EH$ ñdV§ÌM Aä`mgmMm {df` Amho.
AmYw{ZH$ ^maVmVrb R>iH$ CXmhaU åhUOo aq~ÐZmW
Q>mJmoam§Zr (1861-1941) JrVm§ObrMo (1912) ~§Jmbr
^mfoVyZ B§J«OrV Ho$bobm AmË_mZwdmX, gwOrV _wIOu `m§Zr
JrVm§ObrÀ`m ^mfm§Vam~Ôb EH$ dmX-{S>~oQ> Ho$bobm Amho.
hm AZwdmX _yi ~§Jmbr ñÌmoV g§{hVo~ahþHy$_ Zmhr Ago
{Z[ajU Ë`m§Zr Zm|Xdbobo Amho. ~aoM ~§Jmbr eãX d
eãXg_wh ho bj g§{hVoV _wÔm_hÿZ Jmibobo AmhoV Agm
Ë`m§Mm `m AmË_mZwdmXm~ÔbMm Amjon Amho. Q>mJmoam§Mo hm
AmË_mZwdmX B§J«Or dmMH$ g_moa R>oD$Z Ho$bm Amho Ago
Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. hm {S>~oQ> _wimVyZM dmMm`bm hdm.
_wIOu `m§Zr Ë`m§À`m ^mfm§Vamdarb EH$m _hÎdmÀ`m nwñVH$mV
Translation as Recovery `m dmXmgmR>r A»Ir XmoZ
àH$aUo IM© Ho$br AmhoV (2009… 113-51).
_amR>r H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o Aer CXmhaUo Iyn
nhm`bm {_iVmV. AmË_mZwdmXmV ñdV…À`mM g§{hVm
^mfm§VarV H$aVmZm H$dr ñdmV§Í` KoD$ eH$Vmo H$m? hm
àíZ BWo CnpñWV hmoVmo. H$mobQ>H$a d {MÌo `m§Zr Ago
ñdmV§Í` KoVbo Amho; nU H$a§XrH$am§Mm AmË_mZwdmX hm
~hþA§er ñÌmoV g§{hVoer àm_mUrH$ amhÊ`mMm am{hbm Amho.
`mg§X^m©Vrb ^mfm§VaH$mam§Mr, H$dtMr, g_rjH$m§Mr Am{U
VÁkm§Mr _Vo hr {d{dY AmhoV. Vr ~hþA§er ì`ŠVr{Zð>
ñdê$nmMrhr AmhoV Ago {XgVo.
A_o[aH$Z H$dr am°~Q>© \$m°ñQ> `m§Mr H$mì`mMr
(^mfm§Vag§~Y§ mVbr) ì`m»`m Va Zoh_rM CX²YV¥ Ho$br OmVo.
H$mì` åhUOo ^mfm§Va H$aVmZm Oo hadbo OmVo Vo H$mì`
AgVo (Poetry is that which is lost in translation)
Aer am°~Q>© \$m°ñQ> `m§Zr H$mì`mMr ì`m»`m Ho$br Amho.
`mMmM AW© H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va ho {H$Vr H$R>rU Am{U ~è`mM
doim AeŠ`àm`hr AgVo. Varhr H$mì`mMr ^mfm§Vao hmoVM
AgVmV Am{U `m~ÔbÀ`m MMm©hr gVV PS>V AgVmV.
JÚ g§{hVm§À`m ^mfm§Vam§nojm H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va ho
H$R>rU Amho `m~Ôb Xþ_V AgÊ`mMo H$maU Zmhr. `mMo
_w»` H$maU åhUOo H${dVoMr ^mfm. amoOÀ`m Cn`moJmVrb
^mfm hr gd©gm_mÝ` ñdê$nmMr AgVo. nU H${dVoMr ^mfm
hr amoOÀ`m OrdZmVrb ^mfonmgyZ namË_ Pmbobr {H$dm
doJi`m àH$mamMr ^mfm AgVo. H$mì` boIZ ho ~§{XñVµ
g§jon Am{U Cƒ^mdê$nmV ~m§Ybobo AgVo. {VMr ^mfm
hr àm_w»`mZo Vr ^md^mdZmWm©Zr {dUbobr AgVo.
eãXm§WmªÀ`m nmVirda {VMm AmnUm§g A§XmO `oD$ eH$V
Zmhr. {edm` {VMm KmQ> (Form) Am{U Ame` (Content)
{H§$dm {VÀ`mV {_gibobm EH$ ZmX (Music) {H§$dm Vmb
(Rhythm) EH$_oH$m§nmgyZ {d^ŠV H$aUo ho H$R>rU AgVo;
H$maU Vo EH$_oH$m§Zm ~m§Ybobo AgVmV. ~è`mMdoim Vo
nañnam§da Adb§~Zy hr AgVmV. H${dVoÀ`m øm g§JrV Am{U
Vmb~Õ {H$dm d¥ÎmmXr A§Jm§_wio Vr IynXm AmnUm§g MH$dm
XoVo {H$dm gmYmaU ^mfoÀ`m AmH$bZ H$jm§Zm Vr ghO
Amobm§Sy>Z OmVo. H${dVoÀ`m øm gd© Jmoï>r AWm©VM
^mfm§VaH$mambm ^mfm§VamÀ`m Ñï>rZo AmìhmZmË_H$ R>aVmV.
KmQ> Am{U Ame` `m Jmoï>t~amo~aM ÜdZr d g§JrVmXr
A§JmMohr ñWmZm§Va ñÌmoV ^mfoV ìhm`bm nm{hOo Aer Anojm
H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§VaH$mam§H$Sy>Z Ho$br OmVo. nU H${dVoÀ`m
`eñdr ^mfm§VamgmR>r _yi g§{hVoVrb H$mì`mMo ñdm^m{dH$
Am{U Añgb _yë` Oo Ë`m g§{hVoV Amho Ë`mMoM ñWmZm§Va
^mfm§VaH$mambm H$am`bm hdo.
Zm~moH$moìh Am{U am°~Q>© \$m°ñQ> `m§Zr _mÌ H${dVoMo
^mfm§Va ho eãXe… (Literal) ìhmdo Agm Ë`m§Mm AmJ«h
Amho. B§J«Or H$dr am°~Q>© ~«mD$qZJ `m§Zrhr AgoM _V ì`ŠV
Ho$bo Amho. H${dVoVrb eãX _yi g§{hVoV AmhoV VgoM
Am{U Ë`mM H«$_mZo Vo ^mfm§VarV g§{hVoVhr CVabo nm{hOoV
Ago Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho. nU B§J«Or {H$dm _amR>r dmMH$mbm
EH$ Mm§Jbr H${dVm dmMm`bm hdr AgVo. BVa dmL²>_`rZ
àH$mamÀ`m ^mfm§Vamnojm H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o H$mì` hr
EH$ ñd`§^y g§{hVm AgVo åhUyZ {Vbm eãXm§À`m AWmªMr
{H§$dm ViQ>rnm Aem AmYmam§À`m Hw$~S>`m§Mr JaO ZgVo.
amo_Z `mH$mo~gZ `m§Zr Va H$mì` ho ñd^mdV…
^mfm§VamVrV (Untranslatable) åhUOo A-^mfm§VaUr`
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 25
AgVo Ago åhQ>bo Amho. eãXmbm g_Vwë` à{VeãX OmoSy>Z
^mfm§Va H$aVm `oV Zmhr; H$maU ^mfm§Va åhUOo Ho$di
EH$m H$moS> (language) _YyZ Xþgè`m H$moS>_Ü`o A{^garV
{H$dm AWmªVarV Ho$bobr g§{hVm ZgVo Va Vr bj g§{hVoVrb
g§ñH¥$Vr g§Ho$Vm§Zm {ZX}e H$aUmar EH$ ZdrM g§{hVm AgVo.
åhUyZM ^mfm§Va à{H«$`m hr Ho$di ^mfrH$ H¥$Vr Z amhVm
Vr EH$ _ybV… gm§ñH¥${VH$ H¥$Vr ~ZVo. ^mfm§Va H$aV AgVmZm
{H§$dm ^mfm§VarV g§{hVoÀ`m g§X^m©V åhUyZM AZoH$ àíZ
{Z_m©U hmoD$ eH$VmV. CXm. eãXm§Mr d dmŠ`aMZoMr {ZdS>
H$aVmZm Vr {H$VnV bj ^mfoV (Target Language)
ñdrH$mam`© Amho? Vr bj ^mfoÀ`m g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m A§JmZo
g_Vwë`Ëd gmYy eH$Vo H$m? Vr Ë`mMà_mUo bj ^mfoVë`m
dmMH$m§ n `ª V ñÌmo V ^mfo À `m (Source Language)
g§{hVo~ahþH$y _ nmoMVo H$m? AWm©À`m Ñï>rZo Vr ñÌmoV g§{hVobm
An^§«{eV (Distortion) Va H$aV Zmhr Zm? g§ñH¥$VrÀ`m
Ñï>rZo EImXm eãX {H$dm eãXà`moJ hm ^mfm§VamVrV {H§$dm
A-^mfm§ V aUr` (Untranslatable) Amho H$m? _J
Aemdoir ^mfm§VaH$mamMr H$m` ^y{_H$m Agy eH$Vo? Ago
AZoH$ àíZ ^mfm§VamV _hÎdmMo R>aVmV.
H$mì`mÀ`m ^mfm§Vam~m~V `mH$mo~gZ `m§Mr {Z[ajUo
_hÎdmMr AmhoV. EH$m doJù`m g¡Õm§{VH$ AWm©Zo H$mì`mMo
^mfm§Va hr g§^dZr` ~m~ Zmhr Ago `mH$mo~gZ `m§Mo {Z[ajU
Amho. H${dVo_Yrb dm{MH$ {MÝhì`dñWm (constituents
of the verbal code) hr gaigmoQ> ZgVo. Ë`mV {damoYm^mgµ
gmYå`© Am{U `m d Aem AZoH$ KQ>H$m§Mm Ë`mV g_mdoe
AgVmo. H${dVo_Ü`o ñdm`Îm {MÝhm§WmªMo (own autonomous
signification) OJ AgVo Am{U Ë`m§Mo {MÝhm§VJ©V {dídmV
doJio _hÎd AgVo. H$mì`m_Ü`o...
"ñdm{Z{_H$ nmVirdarb gmå`mH$So> AW©ñdê$nr g§~Y§
åhUyZ nm{hbo OmVo. Û`Wu CŠVr {H§$dm A{YH$ n§{S>Vr
diUmMr Am{U H$Xm{MV A{YH$ Zo_H$s g§km dmnam`Mr
Va íbo f mo Š Vr (paronormasial) hr H$mì` H$bo d a
A{YamÁ`M JmOdV AgVo, Am{U ho {VMo A{YamÁ`
A{Z~ªY Agmo d _`m©{XV Agmo, H$mì` ho ñd^mdV…
^mfm§ V amVrVM AgVo (poetry by definition is
untranslatable). (Ë`mÀ`m ~m~VrV) \$ŠV gO© H $
{MÝhm§VaUM eŠ` AgVo: Vo EH$Va ^mfm§VJ©V {MÝhm§VaU
Agob-- åhUOo H$mì`mË_ KmQ>mVyZ Xþgè`m H$mì`mË_
KmQ>m_Ü`o {H§$dm ^mfm§Var` {MÝhm§VaU Agob- åhUOo EH$m
^mfoVZy Xþgè`m ^mfo_Ü`o {H§$dm eodQ>r Am§Va{MÝhì`dñWm{Zð>
{MÝhm§VaU Agob-- EH$m {MÝhì`dñWoVyZ Xþgè`m
26 n gm{hË`
{MÝhì`dñWo_Ü`o, CXmhaUmW©, ^mfrH$ H$bo_YyZ g§JrV,
Z¥Ë`, {MÌnQ> dm {MÌH$bm `mÀ`m_Ü`o (^mfm§… {_qbX
_mbeo 1997… 109-10).
`m_wio ^mfm§Va g_rjoV H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vam~Ôb
{d{dY nÕVr {H$dm Cnm``moOZm§Mr MMm© Pmbobr Amho.
`mH$mo~gZ `m§ZrM gwMdbobr H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§VamMr EH$
Zdr nÕVr åhUOo gO© H $ {MÝhm§ V aU (Creative
Transposition) hr hmo`. eobr `m B§J«Or H$drZo XoIrb
H$mì` ho ^mfm§VamVrV AgVo AgoM åhQ>bo Amhoc; nU
VargwÕm Ë`m§Zr ~è`mM J«rH$, b°Q>rZ, ñn°{Ze Am{U BQ>m{b`Z
H${dVm§Mr B§J«OrV ^mfm§Vao Ho$br AmhoV. EH$moUrgmì`m
eVH$mVrb gwédmVrÀ`m H$mbI§S>mV ^mfm§Vam~Ôb EH$
àm{V{Z{YH$ ^mfm§VaH$ma åhUyZ eobrMo Zmd Ü`mdo bmJob.
H${dVoÀ`m {df`mÀ`m ^mfm§VamVrV A§Jm{df`r
~mobm`Mo Pmë`mg {dë``_ Q´>ñH$ `m§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo
"H${dVm hr ^mfm§VamVrV Amho åhUyZM _r Vr ^mfm§VarV
H$aVmo Amho' Ago åhQ>bo Amho. WmoS>Š`mV Ago åhUVm `oD$
eH$Vo H$s H${dVm hr ^mfm§VarV H$aVm `oVo; {VÀ`m gd©
bjUm§Mr gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{U na§naoVyZ `oUmè`m gd© KQ>H$m§Mo
Vn{eb gwÕm bj ^mfoV CVadVm `oVmV. nU ho gd© H$aV
AgVmZm `mVrb AS>MUr, g_ñ`m Am{U AmìhmZo `mH$So>
_mÌ \$ma ~maH$mB©Zo ^mfm§VaH$mambm bj Úmdo bmJVo.
H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va H$aV AgVmZm XmoZ à_wI nÕVtMm
g_mdoe H$amdm bmJob; Ë`m åhUOo ì`mdhmarH$ Am{U
g¡Õm§{VH$. ^mfm§VamMr ì`mdhmarH$ nÕV hr gd©gm_mÝ`nUo
gd© ^mfm§VaH$ma dmnaVmZm {XgVmV. `mD$bQ> g¡Õm§{VH$
nÕVtMm dmna ho gmYmaUnUo ^mfmemñÌk H$aVmZm {XgVmV.
~aoM ^mfm§Va H$aUmao ^mfm§VaH$ma ho ^mfmemñÌkm§Zr
Ë`m§À`m ^mfm§Vam~Ôb CnpñWV Ho$boë`m àíZm§H$So> Xþb©j
H$aVmZm {XgVmV. Ago ^mfm§VaH$ma ~hþVoH$Xm ^mfm§Va
H$aVmZm EImÚm {d{eð> H$drÀ`m H${dVm§~Ôb CX²^dboobo
àíZ Am{U Ë`mVyZ Ë`m§Zr H$gm _mJ© H$mT>bm `m~Ôb
~mobVmZm {XgVmV Am{U hogwÕm j_m`mMZmÀ`m ê$nmV.
~aoM AZw^dr Am{U CÎm_ XOm©Mo ^mfm§VaH$mahr ^mfm§Va
H$aV AgVmZm ^mfm§Va à{H«$`oMr {Q>nUo R>odV ZmhrV. Ë`m§Zr
EImÚm ^mfrH$ KQ>H$mMr {ZdS> H$m d H$er Ho$br `m~ÔbMr
ñnï>rH$aUo Ë`m§À`mH$So> ZgVmV. H$mhr doim Aer {Q>nUo
Oar CnbãY Pmbr Var ^mfm§Va H$aVmZm ^mfrH$ Am{U
gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñWmZm§VamV H$moUË`m g§aMZmË_H$ ì`yìhaMZm
Ë`m§Zr dmnaë`m `m~Ôb Ë`m§À`mH$So> H$mhr gmnS>V Zmhr.
dmñV{dH$ nmhVm ^mfm§VarV g§{hVoMo gd©M nmVù`m§da
_yi g§{hVm~ahþHy$_ naV naV H$m_ hmoV am{hbo nm{hOo
{H§$dm Ë`mMo naV naV nwZ©_yë`m§H$Z Pmbo nm{hOo. nU `m
AZw^dr ^mfm§VaH$mam§À`m ñnï>rH$aUmV ^mfm§Va à{H«$`o~Ôb
\$mago H$mhr hmVr bmJV Zmhr. Ë`m§Mo `mVrb AZw^dOÝ`
Ñï>r ~Ôb Vo H$mhrM {b{hV ZmhrV; hm EH$ _moR>m AS>ga
`m gamB©V ^mfm§VaH$mam§À`m ~m~VrV nhm`bm {_iVmo.
ñÌmoV g§{hVoVrb Ame` hm bj g§{hVoV ^mfm§VarV
hmoVmZm H$gm nwZ…àñWm{nV hmoVmo `m à{H«$`obm Zm`S>m `m§Zr
ñWmZm§ V aU `§ Ì Um (Transfer Mechanism) {H§ $ dm
A{^gaU hr g§km dmnabobr Amho (1964… 146). ~è`mM
H$mì` ^mfm§Va g_rjoV `m Aem ñÌmoV g§{hVoVZy bj g§{hVoV
ñWmZm§VaU hmoVmZm Ë`mVrb à{H$`m§À`m àmê$nm§~Ôb
(Models) {b{hbo Jobo Amho. dmñV{dH$ nmhVm hr à{H«$`m
g_OÊ`mg IynM pŠbï> AgVo. H$mhr doim EH$mM ñÌmoV
g§{hVoÀ`m XmoZ {H$dm VrZ ^mfm§Vam§Mr VwbZm H$ê$Z CÎm_
^mfm§Va H$moUVo Agy eHo$b `mMmhr A§XmO ~m§YÊ`mV `oVmo.
nU ^mfm§Vam_Yrb ^mfm§VaH$mamMr ì`ŠVr{Zð> g§doXZm hr
H$mhr Q>miVm `oÊ`mgmaIr ~m~ Zmhr hohr _mÝ` H$amdo
bmJVo. EH$mM g§{hVoÀ`m VrZ-Mma ^mfm§Vam§Mr VwbZm H$ê$Z
ho ^mfm§Va H$mhr ~amo~a Zmhr {H§$dm ho A{YH$ Mm§Jbo dJ¡ao
Aem eoa~mOr dOm {dYmZo H$aÊ`mEodOr `m ^mfm§VamVyZ
doJdoJù`m ñQ´>°Q>OrO² {H§$dm ^mfm§VamÀ`m ì`yìhaMZm {H§$dm
H$mhr doJù`m {Xem AmhoV H$m Vo nmhUo A{YH$ g§`wpŠVH$
Amho {H§$dm Aer ^mfm§Va g_rjm nÕVr hr A{YH$ Cn`moJr
dmQ>Vo. Am§Ðo bo\$da `m ^mfm§Va g_rjH$mZo H°$Q>bg `m
EH$mM H${dVoÀ`m {d{dY ^mfm§Vam§Mr g_rjm Ho$br Amho.
Ë`m§Zr Amnë`m H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va (1975) `m
nwñVH$mV H${dVoì`m gmV ^mfm§Va nÕVtMr MMm© Ho$br
Amho. AemM àH$maÀ`m Aä`mg nÕVtMo dmX BVaÌhr
{dnwb à_mUm§da AmhoV. ^maVr` ^mfm§VaH$mam§_Ü`o gwÕm
AgoM dmX AmhoV. _amR>r ^mfonwaVo ~mobm`Mo Pmë`mg
AemoH$ Ho$iH$a, ^mbM§Ð Zo_mSo, {X. nw. {MÌo, {dbmg
gma§J, M§ÐeoIa OhmJraXma AmXr `m§À`mV {d{dY _wÚmdê$Z
H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vam~m~V dmX Pmbo AmhoV Am{U hr Jmoï>
^mfm§Vamä`mgmÀ`m Ñï>rZo Amdí`H$ Am{U _hËdmMrhr Amho.
H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Va g§X^m©V Ho$br Jobobr g¡Ym§{VH$
Am{U ì`mdhm[aH$ nmVirdaMr MMm© hr Zoh_rM dmXJ«ñV
R>abr Amho. H$mhr {gÕm§V hr H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vam§Vrb
pŠbï> ~m~tZm Cn`moJr Am{U ~è`mMXm AmYmaXm`H$hr
R>aë`m AmhoV. AWm©V g¡Õm§{VH$ _m§S>Ur hr Zoh_rM Am{U
gXmgd©Xm H${dVoÀ`m ^mfm§Vam§Mo gd©M àíZ gmoS>dy eH$Vo
Agohr _mZUohr AdmñVdM Amho. Iao nmhVm H${dVoÀ`m
^mfm§VaH$mam§Zm Aem CnbãY AZoH$ g¡Õm§{VH$ àmê$nm§Mm
Am{U àíZm§À`m {H$dm g_ñ`m§À`m gmoS>dUwH$sMm {H§$dm
CnMma nÕVtMm (Procedures) Cn`moJ H$aUo Ho$ìhmhr
A{YH$ g§`wpŠVH$ AgUma Amho. Aem ^mfm§Vam§À`m AZoH$
XrK© gamdm§VyZ Am{U AZw^dm§VyZ H$mhr {ZpíMV ñdê$nmMr
^mfm§Vam§Mr àmê$no {H§$dm AmXe© nÕVr øm nwT>o `oD$ eH$Vrb
Ago `m joÌmVrb VÁkm§Zm dmQ>Vo. nU dmñVdmVbo {MÌ
Vgo \$ma g_mYmZH$maH$ Zmhr. AmOn`ªVÀ`m H${dVm
^mfm§VamMm B{Vhmg nmhVm AmO A{YH$ {ZpíMV Am{U
{Z`_rV H${dVm ^mfm§Va nÕVtMr JaO Amho.
H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va H$aVmZm ^mfm§VaH$mambm AZoH$
nmVi`m§da H$m_ H$ado bmJVo. AWm©À`m nmVirda
(Semantic Level) CXmhaUmW© H${dVm hr dmñVd OJm~Ôb
H$mhr _ogoO XoVo {H§$dm H$mhr {dYmZ H$aVo {H§$dm AmnU
Agohr åhUy eH$Vmo H$s Vr Ë`m H$drMr dmñVdm~ÔbMr
EH$ à{V{H«$`mhr AgVo. ^mfm§VamV H${dVoMm hm Jm^m
^mfm§VaH$mambm nH$S>Vm Ambm nm{hOo. nU ^mfm§VamV Iar
g_ñ`m H$m` AgVo? H${dVoMm _ogoO hm CKS>CKS> ì`ŠV
Pmbobm ZgVmo. Vmo g§{hVoV bnbobm AgVmo; ÜdÝ`mW©,
gwMH$mW©, à{VH$mË_H$mW©, Img ^m{fH$mW©, {_WH$mW©,
Aà_mU ^mfo À `m _mÜ`_mVy Z Am{U Aem ^mfrH$
doJionUmVyZ Ambobo ^mfrH$ Am{U gm§ñH¥${VH$ KQ>H$ dJ¡ao
Aem AZoH$ Aì`ŠV Jmoï>r øm g§{hVm§_YyZ ì`ŠV hmoV
AgVmV Am{U åhUyZM `m g§{hVm§Mo dmMZ H$aVmZm
A{YH$m{YH$ AWmªÀ`m dmQ>m§Zm {Z_§ÌU {_iVo. Ho$di
eãXH$moemÀ`m AWmªMo Am`m_ H${dVobm åhUyZM bmJy nS>V
ZgVmV. `m _wÔçmÀ`m AmH$bZmgmR>r H$mhr CXmhaUo nmhÿ`m…
hmbVr `m eonQ>`mhr Zo_Š`m doir
ho Oar g§Vmnbobo dmQ>Vr Hw$Ìo
(gwaoe ^Q>; 1983… 83)
AmVm BWo eãXH$moemÀ`m AWmªZo Om`Mo Pmë`mg
H$dr hm Hw$Í`m§~Ôb ~mobV Amho Agm AW© hmoVmo; nU hm
Am`m_ BWo bmJy nS>V Zmhr. hr EH$ amOH$s` H${dVm
åhUyZ dmMmdr bmJVo H$maU H$dr BWo Hw$Ìm hm àmUr
åhUyZ Zìho Va EH$ d¥Îmr åhUyZ hr à{V_m Vmo dmnarV
Amho. ^maVr` amOH$maUmVrb nwT>mè`m§Mm X§^ Am{U
Ë`m~ÔbMm g§Vmn ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r hr à{V_m `m AmoirV
Ambr Amho. AWm©V ho EH$ øm AmoitMo AWmªVaU Amho.
JOboVë`m øm Amoir Agë`mZohr åhUOo naV EH$ nm¡dm©Î`
g§ñH¥$VrMm EH$ H$mì` àH$ma Img H$ê$Z n{e©`Z ^mfoVyZ
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 27
Ambobm Am{U ^Q>m§_wio AmYw{ZH$ _amR>r gm{hË`mV
ê$Obobm; `m H$mì`àH$mam_wio `mV naV EH$ Jo`Vm eãXm§Mr
EH$ ~§{XñVVm Am{U g§{jáVm hohr KQ>H$ AmnUm§g BWo
{XgVmV. WmoS>Š`mV AmnU Ago åhUy eH$Vmo H$s `m AmoitMo
B§JO
« rV ^mfm§Va H$aVmZm åhUOo naV EH$m naŠ`m gm§ñH¥${VH$
n[aàojmV ^mfm§V[aV H$aVmZm da {ZX}e Ho$boë`m gd©M
Jmoï>r øm bj ^mfoV CVê$ eH$Vrb `mMr h_r XoVm `oV
ZmhrV. AWm©À`m Ñï>rZo `mVrb eãX Oar ñWmZm§VamV H$R>rU
Zgbo Var JOboVrb Jo`Vm BWo CVadUo H$R>rU Amho. `mMo
gmYo H$maU åhUOo JOb hm H$mì` àH$ma B§J«Or ^mfoV
Zmhr.
These tails wag at apt times
Though they seem to be fuming dogs
(My translation)
AmVm øm darb ^mfm§VamV _yi AmoitVrb Jo`Vm
Va `oD$M eH$V Zmhr {edm` H$drÀ`m gwb^ eãX{ZdS>r_wio
Hw$Ìo `m H${dVoV gmYbm Jobobm _amR>r AmYw{ZH$ dmMH$m§da
hmoUmam EHy$U à^mdhr BWo CVadUo H$R>rU hmoVo. åhUOo
Aem Am§ V agm§ ñ H¥ $ {VH$ ^mfm§ V amV (Intercultural
Translation) H$mhr ZwH$gmZ (Loss) ho hmoVoM. nU
_m`H$modñH$s (a{e`Z) nmãbmo Zoê$Xm (ñn°{Ze) ~moXboa
{H§$dm am`Za `m§À`m (\«o$ÝM) H${dVm§Mo _amR>rV Or ^mfm§Vao
Pmbr Vr Ë`m Ë`m _yi ^mfoVyZ àW_V… B§J«OrV Pmbr
Am{U ^mfm§VarV B§J«Or g§{hVm§Mr _J Z§Va _amR>rV ^mfm§Vao
Pmbr. åhUOo _yi g§{hVm§Mr gai _amR>rV `m g§{hVm
Amë`m ZmhrV. Ë`m_wio BWo XmoZdoim ^mfm§Var` à{H«$`m§_wio
_amR>rVë`m g§{hVm§Mo ZwH$gmZ (Double Loss) Pmbo
AgUma. Am§Vagm§ñH¥${VH$ ^mfm§VamV_Ü`o Loss hm hmoVmoM;
qH$~hþZm H$moUË`mhr ^mfm§VamV ho hmoVM AgVo. àíZ \$ŠV
{H$Vr à_mUmV ho ZwH$gmZ Pmbo `mMm AgVmo.
g§ñH¥$V, {hÝXr Am{U \«o$ÝM ^mfoMo àmÜ`mnH$ O`§V
{edam_ YwnH$a `m§Zr ~è`mM \«o$ÝM gm{hË`H¥$Vr _yi
\«o$ÝM_YyZM _amR>rV ^mfm§VarV Ho$ë`m AmhoV Am{U
`mM~amo~a g§ñH¥$V, _amR>r Am{U {hÝXr_Yrb H$mhr
gm{hË`H¥$Vr \«o$ÝM_Ü`o Zoë`m AmhoV. BWo B§J«Or ^mfoMo
^mfm§VamgmR>rMm Omo Zoh_r nyb åhUyZ _XV {H§$dm gmhmæ`
¿`mdo bmJVo Vo BWo {XgV Zmhr. `m_Ü`o JñQ>oìh âbm°~oa
(Gustave Flaubert) `m§Mr OJà{gÕ H$mX§~ar _Xm_ ~modmar
(Madame Bovary) `mMm àm_w»`mZo C„oI H$amdm bmJob;
`m{edm` Ab~©Q> H$må`y (Albert Camus) Am{U br
ŠboPrAmo (Le Clezio) `m§Mo gm{hË` Am{U amob°ÊS> ~mW©g²
28 n gm{hË`
(Roland Barthes) `m§Mr g_rjm `m§Mmhr g_mdoe H$amdm
bmJob. \«o$ÝM_YyZ B§J«Or Am{U B§J«OrVyZ _J _amR>r Agm
\«o$ÝM g§{hVoMo ^mfm§Va CXmhaUmW© Omo gmYmaUV… àdmg
{H§$dm Hw$R>ë`mhr naH$s` ^mfoVrb g§{hVm (CXm. AmoahmZ
nm_wH$ `m§À`m Zmo~ob àmBP àmá _m` Zo_ BO aoS> [2014]
`m H$mX§~arMo JUoe {dgnyVo `m§Zr Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va hr XoIrb
VwH$r© ^mfoVZy àW_V… B§JO« r ^mfoV ^mfm§VarV Pmbobr g§{hVm
_amR>r ^mfm§VamgmR>r dmnabobr Amho.) àW_V… B§J«OrV
^mfm§Va hmoVo Am{U _J Ë`m g§{hVm _amR>rV `oVmV. Aem
àdmgmnojm YwnH$a `m§Mm àdmg gai \«o$ÝM_YyZ _amR>rV
hm ^mfm§VamgmR>r A{YH$ H$gXma àdmg AgVmo ho gd©_mÝ`M
hmoB©b `mV H$mhr e§H$m Zgmdr. Aem àH$maMr _moR>`m
à_mUmV ^mfm§Vao a{e`Z ^mfoVrb g§{hVm§Mr _amR>rV Pmbr
AmhoV. `mMo gmYo H$maU åhUOo CÎm_ a{e`Z ^mfm `oUmao
_amR>r ^mfoV ^mfm§VaH$ma CnbãY AmhoV. A{bH$S>À`m
H$mimV naH$s` ^mfm `oUmao CXm. ñn°{Ze, Mm`{ZO, O_©Z
dJ¡ao _amR>rV _moR>çm à_mUmda VéU bmoH$ {XgVm`oV; nU
Vo ^mfm§VamH$So> diVrbM `mMr H$mhr emídVr XoVm `oV
Zmhr hohr IaoM Amho.
{dbmg gma§J Am{U {Xbrn {MÌo `m XmoKm§Zr ~m.
gr. _T>}H$am§À`m EH$mM H${dVoMo Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va CnbãY
Amho. ho AOwZ EH$ CXmhaU ^mfm§Va à{H«$`m g_OmdyZ
KoÊ`mgmR>r nmhÿ. hr XmoÝhr ^mfm§Vao CÎm_M AmhoV nU
Ë`mVrb Vn{eb nmhÊ`mgmaIm Amho. OZ©b Am°\$ gmD$W
E{e`Z {bQ>aoMa2 `m {Z`VH$m{bH$mV gma§Jm§Zr Ho$boë`m
_T>}H$am§À`m ~mam ^mfm§VarV H${dVm à{gÕ Pmë`m AmhoV.
Imbrb CXmhaU nhm …
_T>}H$a …
XmoZ Imoë`m§À`m {~èhmS>r& _mÂ`m Kar _r dèhmS>r&
{H§$dm gmgar H$èhmS>r& Om_mV H$s&&
{H$S>br H$mimoImMr \$io& amÌnmir `§Ìm_wio;
MmIVm ^md-`H¥$V {nJio& Hw§$nU {df_©Ádao&&
(1959µ 1994… 31)
gma§J …
Like a wedding guest I move 1
round my own two-room apartment, 2
or like someone on a fortnight’s visit. 3
to a stern father-in-law’s house 4
I taste the fruits of darkness, rotten 13
because of the night-shift machines, 14
and the thyphus fever of inequality 15
wrings the liver of my sensitivity. 16 AgUo ho H$m` àH$aU AgoM Vo `mH$So> nmhVrb. åhUOo hm
(1982: 85) nmíMmÎ` g§ñH¥$Vrbm PonUmam Jw§Vm Zmhr H$maU hr g§ñH¥$Vr
EH$H$„r Amho; ^maVr` g§ñH¥$VrgmaIr Vr pluralistic
{MÌo … (AZoH$VmdmXr) Zmhr. hm g§ñH¥Vr-{deofËdmMm (culture-
I am a wedding guest 1 specicity) ^mJ Amhoo; Vmo Ë`m Ë`m g§ñH¥$Vrer {ZJ{S>V
In my own two-room establishment; 2 AgVmo. ho ^mfm§VarV g§{hVoV CVadUo H$R>rUM hmoVo;
Or, am the son-in-law 3 {deofV… B§J«Orgma»`m naŠ`m (alien) g§ñH¥$VrV Va Vo
On a visit. 4 A{YH$M H$R>rU Amhoo. `m XmoÝhr ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o _T>}H$am§Mm
. Omo XS>bobm Am¡namo{YH$ Q>moZ (tone) Amho Vmo BWo Ambobm
The fruits of darkness are rotten 13 Zmhr. nU gma§J Am{U {MÌo `m XmoKm§Zr 15 Am{U 16 ì`m
By the mechanism of a night-shift; 20 AmoitV AZwH$« _ inquality / senstivity Am{U sensibility
When I taste them, the liver of my sensibility 15 / ineuqality Aer Jo`Vm bú` g§{hVoV OwidyZ AmUbr
Gets squeezed by the fever of inequality 16 Amho. ^mfm§VamVm_Ü`o hr EH$ Xþ_ui àmárM (gain)
(1967:.62) _mZm`bm hdr. {MÍ`m§À`m ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o Aer CXmhaUo {dnwb
AmT>iVmV. Aem VwbZmË_H$ ^mfm§Va g_rjoMm Cn`moJ
{MÍ`m§Mr two-room establishment (Line: 1) ^mfm§VaH$mambm Mm§Jë`m {H$dm CÎm_ ^mfm§VamH$So> KoD$Z
XmoZ Imoë`m§À`m {~èhmS>r hr own two-room apartment OmVmo.
(Line: 1) gma§Jm§nojm A_yV© (abstract) dmQ>Vo. {MÍ`m§Mr nw. {e. aoJo `m§Mr {ÌYm amYm (1975,1998… 116)
establishment åhUOo Hw$R>ë`mVar g§ñWoer {ZJ{S>V `m à{gÕ EH$mM H${dVoMo ñdV… aoJo, {\$brn E½~m°_ Am{U
AgUmam Agm AW© ì`ŠV hmoVmZm {XgVmo; `mCbQ>, gma§JmMo {dÚwV ^mJdV Am{U AemoH$ {Za\$maHo$ Am{U {dO` _wÝgr
my own two-room apartment `m eãXg_whmVyZ ñÌmoV Aem {VKm§Zr B§J«OrV Ho$bobr ^mfm§Vao Cnë~Y AmhoV.
g§{hVoMo _w§~B© _hmZJar` Ka `mMo gwb^ ñWmZm§VaU Pmbo ~mam AmoitMr hr H${dVm ^mfm§VamgmR>r {H$Vr H$R>rU Amho
Amho. Aer AZoH$ {Z[ajUo Zm|XdVm `oVrb. AmVm {~èhmS>r, ho Imbrb ^mfm§Vao nm{hë`mda H$iVo. `m VrZ ^mfm§Vam§Mr
dèhmS>r Am{U H$èhmS>r hr `_H$mXr (rhyming structure) g_rjm H$aVmZm g§jonmZo Ago åhUVm `oB©b H$s `m VrZhr
H${dVoVrb EH$ d¡{eîQ>çnyU© aMZm Am{U Ë`mVbr J§_V ^mfm§VarV g§{hVoV H$mhr ÌwQ>r AmT>iVmV. BVŠ`m H$R>rU
B§J«OrV `oD$ eH$V Zmhr. hr ^mfm§VamVrb hmZrM (loss) H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va Á`mV ^maVr` {_WHo$ (amYm, JmoqdX,
Amho. Iao Va _T>}H$am§À`m `m XmoZ AmoitVyZ CnhmgmMmµ H¥$îU, h[a) AmhoV {VWo øm Jmoï>r ñdm^m{dH$M AmhoV
Moï>oMm gya ì`ŠV hmoVmZm {XgVmo; Vmo bú` g§{hVoV AmUUo Ago åhUm`bm hdo. nU `m VrZ doJdoJù`m ^mfm§VamV
H$R>rUM Amho. hm naV EH$ ^maVr` _mZ{gH$VoMm ^mJ CÎm_ Aer ~arM ñWmZm§Vao AmhoV Am{U Vr Oa EH$Ì
Amho Am{U n`m©`mZo àm{V{Z{YH$ ^maVr` {dMma-gd`rMmhr Ho$br Va `m H${dVoMo EH$ AmXe© ^mfm§Va hmoD$ eH$Vo
åhUOo naV g§ñH¥$VrMm àíZ Amho. ~m`H$mo H$èhmS>r åhUOo (2012… 71-88).
_mhoar Amho (~m`H$mo H$amS> `m JmdmH$S>Mr Amho) _r _mÂ`m (a) P. S. Rege, (Self-Translation)
Kar åhUOo dèhmS>r Amho Am{U _mPo _w§~B©Vbo Ka åhUOo Radha
XmoZ Imoë`m§À`m {~èhmS>r. OmdB© AgUo Am{U `m ZmË`mMm
EHy$UM EH$ ^maVr` gm§ñH¥${VH$ Jw§Vm; `mMo AZdQ> Am{U nw. er. aoJo… ñÌmoV g§{hVm
Am¡nam{YH$ Ago {MÌ `m XmoZ AmoirVyZ _T>}H$am§Zr {MVmabo AmH$me {Zio Vmo h[a 1
Amho. The blue sky is Hari; 1
H$moUË`mhr _amR>r MmUmj dmMH$mbm Vo MQ>H$Z bjmV
`oVo. ho B§J«OrV AmUVmZm hm Jw§Vm A{^garV H$aUo H$R>rUM AZ² EH$ Mm§XUr amYm© 2
H$m` nU H$Xm{MV AeŠ`hr Amho. `mMo _w»` H$maU And the lone star Radha- 2
åhUOo hr gm§ñH¥${VH$ VoT> nmíMmÎ`m§À`mV Zmhr. OmdB© ~mdar 3
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 29
Tremulous, 3
`wJmZw`wJtMr _Z-~mYm. 4 (c) Ashok Nirpharake and Vijay Munshi,
She is the heart's longing from age to age. 4 Three aspects of Radha

{dñVrU© ^wB© JmoqdX 5 Hari, 1

The wide earth is Govinda; 5 The blue sky, 2
AZ² joÌ gmirMo amYm- 6 Radha 3
And the rice-field Radha- 6 a star- 4
lost in love- 5
ñdÀN>ÝX 7 an affliction of the minds 6
since aeons. 7
Ever-fruitful, 7
Govinda 8
`wJmZw`wJtMr {à`§dXm. 8 the vast earth, 9
She is the sweet-speaking one from age to age. 8 Radha 10
a lush green 11
Obdm{h{Z {ZíMb H¥$îU, 9 paddy field- 12
The still river is Krishna; 9 self-willed 13
~Z PwH$bo H$mR>r amYm- 10 Priyamvada 14
And the wood leaning on its bank Radha- 10 since aeons.
{dàíZ 11
Question-less, 11 Krishna 15
`wJmZw`wqJMr {Ma-V§Ðm. 12 a placid river, 16
She is the eternal repose from age to age. 12 Radha 17
a grove on the bank 18
(Chitre, ed., Anthology, 1967: 30) leaning over- 19
(b) Philip Engblom and Vidyut Bhagawat, unwavering 20
Thrice Radha perennial trance 21
The blue sky is Hari 1 since aeons. 22
And the lone star is Radha- 2 (New Quest: Special Issue on Translation:
Timorous, 3 From Text to Culture., May-June 1999, No
heart-struck from age to age. 4 135, p. 177)
The spreading earth is Govinda 5
And the rice-field is Radha- 6 WmoS>Š`mV Ago åhUVm `oVo H$s H${dVoMo ^mfm§Va ho
Self-willed, 7 Iyn H$R>rU Agbo Var Vo AeŠ` ZgVo. àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ
The sweet-talker from age to age. 8 H${dVoMr ^mfm§Vao hr hmoV Ambr AmhoV. Ë`m_wio ho H$aV
The still river is Krishna 9 AgVmZm CÎm_ ^mfm§VaH$ma hm gO©H$ {MÝhm§VaUmMo VÎd
And the wood bending on its bank is Radha- 10 `moOyZ ~è`mM g_ñ`m§da _mV H$ê$ eH$Vmo Ago {XgVo ho
questionless, 11 darb CXmhaUm§dê$Z AmnU nmhÿ eH$Vmo. {Mar_rar _Yrb
ever tranquil from age to age. 12 H$mobQ>H$am§Mr Omohma (2004…33) `m H${dVoVrb ñdV…M
(Rege, Trans: Engblom-Bhagawat, 1993: 23) H$mobQ>H$mam§Zr ^mfm§VarV Ho$boë`m (2009… 111) H$mhr
30 n gm{hË`
Amoir gO©H$ {MÝhm§VaUmMo EH$ CXmhaU åhUyZ nmhÿ`m …
H$mobQ>H$a … ñÌmoV g§{hVm Kolatkar : Target Text
Omohma _m`~mn Omohma 1 nmiUo _w p íH$b hmo V o Vo ì hm _mÌ Ë`mbm CgZdmar
greetings my masters
Vw_À`m _hmamMm _r _hma
from the slave of your slave
the lowest of the low requests
ho MmVwd©Ê`m©M§ ho JmT>d
permission to speak
añË`mda _ê$Z nS>b§ AmS>d§
i got news for you sir
The donkey sir
The donkey of the caste system is dead
it just collapse and die
and now its blocking the road
darb ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o Omohma _m`~mn Omohma `mgmR>r
greetings my masters hm eãXg_wh Ambm Amho _hmamMm
_r _hma `mgmR>r the slave of your slave nU the lowest
of the low requests permission to speak `m Amoir
_yi g§{hVoV ZmhrV ho bjmV KoVbo Va BWo Ame` R>iH$
hmoÊ`mgmR>r gO©H$ {MÝhm§VaUmMm à`moJ Ho$bm Amho. nwT>o i
got news for you sir hm XoIrb gO©H$ {dñVmaM Amho.
ho MmVwd©Ê`m©M§ ho JmT>d `mbm the caste system åhQ>bo
Amho H$maU BWo MmVwd©Ê` hm eãX A^mfm§VaUr` Amho.
nU MmVwd©Ê` `mgmR>r OdiMm eãX OmV hm BWo
H$mobQ>H$am§Zr `moObm Amho. `mV dU© Am{U OmV hm ^oX
Oar Agbm Var gaigai MmVwd©Ê` hmM eãX CgZdmar
åhUyZ dmnaÊ`mEodOr Ë`m§Mr OmVì`dñWm (the caste
system) øm eãXmMr {ZdS> Ho$br Amho Am{U Vr _yi
g§{hVoÀ`m Odi OmUmar Amho. _yi g§{hVoÀ`m A{YH$
Odi OmUmao ^mfm§Va ho CÎm_ ^mfm§Va g_Obo OmVo . `m
Ñï>rZo H$mobQ>H$am§À`m ^mfm§VamH$So> nm{hë`mg Vmo ^mfm§VamMm
EH$ AmXe© Z_wZmM åhQ>bm nm{hOo. WmoS>Š`mV, `m {R>H$mUr
H$mobQ>H$am§Zr gO©H$ {MÝhm§VaUmÀ`m VËdmMm _moH$ionUmZo
dmna Ho$bobm {XgVmo. `mMo EH$ H$maU Agohr Agy eH$Voo
H$s Vo ñdV…MrM H${dVm ^mfm§VarV H$aV Agë`mZo ho Ago
hmoV Agob Am{U Vo ñdm^m{dH$hr Amho. nU Oa ho AmnU
H$miOrnyd©H$ Vnmgbo Va H${dVoÀ`m _w»` Ame`mdaMr
Ë`m§Mr nH$S> ^mfm§VarV g§{hVoV Vo T>iy XoV ZmhrV. Ë`mgmR>r
Vo A{YH$ eãXm§Mr d dmŠ`m§Mrhr ^a KmbVmV. ho EH$
gO©H$ {MÝhm§VaU VËdmMoM CÎm_ CXmhaU g_Obo nm{hOo.
nU Ooìhm ^mfm§VaH$mambm gO©H$ {MÝhm§VamMo VÎdhr
1 (Borrowing) {edm` Xþgam n`m©` CaV Zmhr. CXmhaUmW©,
2 gd©Zm_o H¥$îU, JmoqdX, {Zdm©Umgma»`m Y_©emñÌmVrb g§km,
2 g§ñH¥$VàMwa eãX {H$dm g§H$ënZm, `moJemñÌ, H$mhr g§ñH¥$Vr
3 gmnoj eãX Ogo nmH$emñÌmVbo \$moS>Ur XoUo, An_mZmñnX
3 eãX {H$dm H«$moY, g§Vmn ì`ŠV H$aUmao eãX {H$dm ñnï>M
4 ~mobm`Mo Pmë`mg {eì`m dJ¡ao {H§$dm Aem H$mhr gm§ñH¥${VH$
4 gmnoj eãX, Y_©{dYrer g§~§YrV eãX, g§H$ënZm-{_WHo$
5 (I§S>m~o m, nm§S>w aJ§ , AídËWm_m, Q>mi_¥XJ§þ , dmaH$ar, AmaVr,
6 nyOm, dmU XoUo, X{jUm dJ¡ao) H$s Á`m bj g§§{hVoV
7 ApñVËdmVM ZmhrV. Aem CgZdmarÀ`m ghmæ`mZo Ho$bobo
8 ^mfm§Va {H$dm {Z~mH$mooìh åhUVmV Vgo ViQ>rnm XoD$Z
9 Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va ho Oar H$mhrdoim Amdí`H$ Agbo Var Vo
CÎm_ ^mfm§Vam_Ü`o A{YH$mA{YH$ Q>miUo JaOoMo AgVo;
Ogo H$mobQ>H$am§Mo CXmhaU (MmVwdÊ© ` ì`dñWm) da Ambobo
Amho. nU Oa hr Jmoï> AeŠ`M Agob Va ^mfm§VaH$mamMmhr
ZmBbmO hmoD$ eH$Vmo. Ë`mbm _yi g§{hVoVbm eãX {H$dm
eãXg_whmMr CgZdmar H$amdr bmJVo. CXm. ^mH$ar,
g§~moYZmgmaIo eãX MwbV _mder dJ¡ao eer Xoenm§So>
(1938-) `m§Zr Amnë`m That Long Silence (1989)
`m H$mX§~arV AmB©-Am‚mr Ago g§~moYZdmMH$ eãX ho
{deof Zm_mà_mUo _amR>rVbo Amho VgoM (Aaee, Ajji)
dmnabobo AmhoV. `mbm CgZdmar åhUVmV `m _mJMm hoVy
hm _amR>r g§ñH¥$VrMm ñdV…Mm Omo EH$ J§Y {H$dm ~mO
Amho Vmo B§J«Or ^mfoVyZ AmUmdm Agm Agmdm Ago {XgVo.
Aer CgZdmar ^maVr` ^mfm§VyZ \$ma _moR>çm à_mUmV
B§J«OrVyZ Ho$bobr Amho. Q>o~b, bmBQ, b°ån gmaIo eãX Va
ho AmVm _amR>rV Mm§JboM pñWamdboV; Vo ~aoMXm _amR>rM
eãX AmhoV Agohr AZoH$m§Zm dmQ>Vo.
^mfm§VaH$ma hm _yi g§{hVoMo AWmªVaU H$gm H$aVmo
Ë`mdaM Ë`mMo ^mfm§Va ho Adb§~yZ AgVo. H$mhr VÁkm§Zr
Ago gwMdbo Amho H$s ^mfm§VaH$ma hm ñdV…Mr H$mì`
g§{hVm _yi H$drbm H$moUVm AW© A{^àoV Agmdm Ë`m
AmYmao Vmo nwZ©{Z{_©V H$aV AgVmo. nU H$dr-boIH$mMo
Ago Ë`mbm A{^àoV Agbobo AW© CnbãY ZgVmV {H$dm
Ë`m~Ôb {ZpíMV H$mhr gm§JVm `oUohr H$R>rU AgVo. nU
H${dVoMm AW© hm Ë`mM g§{hVoV AgVmo {H$dm dmMH$m§À`m
AWmªVaUmVhr Vmo AmnUm§g {XgVmo. åhUyZM H$mì`mÀ`m
^mfm§VamV ^mfm§VaH$mamMr ^mfmemñÌr` Am{U e¡bremñÌr`
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 31
~¡R>H$ n¸$s Agmdr bmJVo. `mM~amo~a H${dVoMr OodT>r
åhUyZ AWmªVaU hmoD$ eH$VmV VodT>rM Ë`mMr ^mfm§Vaohr
hmoD$ eH$VmV. da nw. {e. aoJo `m§Mr {ÌYm amYm `m
H${dVoÀ`m VrZ ^mfm§Vam§Mm C„oI Ambm Amho. H$mobQ>H$a
`m§À`m VŠVm `m H${dVoMo ñdV: H$mobQ>H$a Am{U {dZ`
YmadmS>H$am§Zrhr ^mfm§Va Ho$bobo Amho. `m_Ü`o YmadS>H$am§Zr
VŠVm H${dVoMo Amnbo ^mfm§Va ho B§JO « r OmUUmè`m A_amR>r
dmMH$ g_whmgmR>r Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va dmQ>Vo; `mCbQ>
H$mo ë Q>H$am§ M o ñd-^mfm§ V a ho ImgH$ê$Z ^maVr`
dmMH$m§gmR>rMo dmQ>Vo. Vem àH$maÀ`m ^mfm§Var` {Xem
Ë`m§À`m ^mfm§Vam§VyZ ì`ŠV hmoVo. åhUOo _yi g§{hVoMo
^mfm§Va H$aVmZm H$moUË`m dmMH$m§gmR>r AmnU ^mfm§Va H$arV
AmhmoV hm KQ>H$hr AYmªVaUmMm (Interpretation)
^mJ Agy eH$Vmo.
g§X^© …
1. ES>rW J«m°g_Z øm ñn°{Ze ^mfoVyZ B§J«OrV ^mfm§Va
H$aUmè`m ^mfm§VaH$ma AmhoV. Ë`m§Mo `m joÌmVrb `moJXmZ
ho AZÝ`gmYmaU Amho. Ë`m§Zr Zmo~ob àmB©P {dOoVo boIH$
J°{~«`b _mH}$O (Gabriel Garcia Marquez) `m§Mr H$mX§~ar
Love in the Time of Cholera (Penguine : 1989)
ñn°{Ze ^mfoVyZ B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Ho$br Amho. ñn°{Ze
H$mX§~arH$ma gadm§Q>rg `m§Mr _hmH$mX§~ar S>m°Z {¹$H$PmoQ>
hrhr J«m°g_Z `m§Zr ñn°{Ze_YyZ B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Ho$br
Amho. ^mfm§Va g_rjo_Ü`ohr Ë`m§Mo `moJXmZ _moR>o Amho.
^mfm{dH$mg Am{U ñdV…Mo g¥OZmË_H$ boIZ H$aÊ`mgmR>r
^mfm§Va hm EH$ _hm_mJ© Amho Ago Ë`m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho.
Why Translation Matters øm Ë`m§À`m g_rjm J«§WmVrb
nwT>rb AdVaU nhm … ...The broadening of horizons
that come with translation does not affect only
readers, speakers and writers of a language, but
the very nature of the language itself. The more a
language embraces infusions and transfusions of
new elements and foreign turns of phrase, the
larger, more forceful, more flexible it becomes as
an expressive medium (Edith Grossman, Why
Translation Matters; Delhi: Orient BlackSwan;
2010: 22-23).
2. {dbmg gma§JmMo ^mfm§Vamä`mg joÌmV _moR>o `moJXmZ kmZoída … A_¥VmZw^d g§nm. S>m°. dm. Xm. JmoIbo;
Amho. OZ©b Am°\$ gmD$W E{e`Z {bQ>aoMa (Vol. 17, nw U o (àW_md¥ V r) (as cited by Bhalachndra
32 n gm{hË`
No. I Spring, 1982, pp. 85-91) `m_Ü`o {dbmg gma§Jm§Zr
_T>}H$am§À`m B§J«OrV ^mfm§VarV Ho$boë`m ~mam H${dVm à{gÕ
Pmë`m AmhoV.
C„oI gyMr …
Ahmad, Aijaz (ed.): Gazals of Galib, New Delhi:
Oxford University Press (2007)
Baker, Mona : Routledge Encyclopedia of
Translation Studies, London: Routledge (1998).
^Q>, gwaoe … EëJma, ZmJnya … ~hþ_V àH$meZ, (1983)
MìhmU, {Xbrn … Politics under Colonialism : Caste,
Class and Language Pedagogy in Western India,
UK; Black Chapman Street, Newcastle: Cambridge
Scholars (2013).
{MÌo, {Xbrn (ed.): An Anthology of Marathi Poetry
(1945-1965), Bombay: Nirmala Sadanand
Publishers, (1967).
_______ : Anubhavamrut: The Immortal
Experience of Being, New Delhi: Sahitya Academy,
(1991)
_______ : Says Tuka, New Delhi: Penguin (1991).
_______ : Virus Alert: Selected Marathi Poems of
Hemant Diwate in English
Translation, Mumbai: Poetrywala (2004)
{H«$ñQ>b, So>{dS> … Language Works, Words Change
Meaning, and Languages Live or Die, London:
Cambridge University Press, (2007)
Xodr, JUoe … ‘Translation and Literary History: An
Indian View’ in Susan Bassnett and Harish Trivedi
(eds.) Post-Colonial Translation: Theory and
Practice, London and New York: Routledge (1999:
182-88)
Deshpande, Shashi: That Long Silence, Delhi:
Penguin, (1989).
Dharwadkar, Vinay and A. K. Ramanujan: The
Oxford Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry,
Bombay, Calcutta, Madras: Oxford University
Press, (1996).
Nemade); (1952). Berkeley: University of California Press (1992).
Dryden, John: “Preface to Ovid’s Epistles”, in T. Am°adob, OmO© … A°{Z_b \$m_© (AZw. lrH$m§V bmJy) gm{hË`
R. Steiner (ed.) Essays of John Dryden, London: AH$mXo_r … {X„r (n{hbr Amd¥Vr, 1991).
Dent; ([1860], 1975). Am°adob, OmO© … 1984 (AZw. AemoH$ nmÜ`o) S>m`_§S>
H$mio, H$ë`mU; A§Obr gmo_U (g§nm.) … ^mfm§Va_r_m§gm npãbHo$eZ … nwUo (2012).
nwUo … à{V_m àH$meZ, (1997). n{g©`b, Á`yS>r … (g§nm.), New Oxford English
Grossman, Edith: Why Translation Matters, New Dictionary, London: Cambridge University Press,
Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, (2011) (2007)
Imobo, {dbmg (g§nmXZ) … "AZwdmXrV gm{hË`mbm dmT>Vr nR>mU, `w. _. … \$maeu _amR>r ì`wËn{ÎmH$moe (g§nm. `w.
_mJUr?' in b{bV {Xdmir Zmoìh|~a©{S>g|~a 2011 _. nR>mU), _w§~B© … amÁ` _amR>r {dH$mg g§ñWm (2008).
_°OopñQ>H$ … {JaJmd, _w~§B© (2011… 124-196) aoJo, nw. {e. (g§nm… J§JmYa nmQ>rb)… göX²JmWm nwUo…
Lefevere, A. : Translating Poetry: Seven Strategies H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>b àH$meZ, (1975µ 1998).
and a Blue Print, Netherlands: Van Gorcum, (1975) Rege, Purushottam Shivaram: Fire, Water, Earth
H$mobQ>H$a, AéU… AéU H$mobQ>H$aÀ`m H${dVm _w§~B©… àmg and Wind: Selected Poems of Purushottam
àH$meZ, (1977). Shivaram Rege, translated by Philip Engblom (in
_______… {Mar_rar _w§~B©… àmg àH$meµZ ø2004ö. consultation with Vidyut Bhagawat) Mumbai:
_______… The Boatride and Other Poems (ed.) Orient Longman, (1993).
Arvind Krishna Mehrortra Mumbai: Pras, (2009). __________: Three Aspects of Radha translated
_T>}H$a, ~mi grVmam_… _T>}H$am§Mr H${dVm _w§~B©… _m¡O µ by Ashok Nirpharke and Vijay Munshi in New
(1959, 1994). Quest No 135, May-June, (1999: 177)
_mbeo, {_qbX… ""^mfm§VamMo ^mfmd¡km{ZH$ n¡by'' (amo_Z Rege, Sharmila: Writing Caste / Writing Gender:
`mH$mo ~ gZ `m§ À `m "On Linguistic Aspects of Narrating Dalit Women’s Testimony, New Delhi:
Translation" `m boImMo ^mfm§Va) ^mfm§Va q__mgm `m Zubaan, (2006; 2013).
J«§Wm_Ü`o g_m{dð> g§nm… S>m°. H$ë`mU H$mio gma§J, {dbmg … The Women in Cages, b§S>Z … n|½drZ
S>m°. A§Obr gmo_Z nwUo… à{V_m àH$meZ (1997… 94- (2006).
112) gma§J, {dbmg … ^mfm§Va Am{U ^mfm, _w§~B© … _m¡O (n{hbr
_wIOu, gwOrV. … Translation as Recovery, Delhi: Amd¥Vr, àñVmdZm, 2011… 9).
Pencraft International (1992). Wmna, amo_rbm … The Penguine History of India: The
Nida, Eugene: ‘Principles of Correspondence’ in Early History of India from Beginning to 1300,
Venuti The Translation Studies Reader, Zdr {X„r … no½drZ (Understanding Past, 2002: 12-
London: Routledge, (2000, 2008). 16).
Zo_mS>o, ^mbM§Ð … Tukaram, New Delhi: Sahitya {dgnwV,o JUoe… _m` Zo_ BO aoS> Am¡aJ§ ~mX… gmHo$V àH$meZ
Akademi (1980). (2014).
___________ : The Influence of English on lll
Marathi : A Sociolinguistic and Stylistic Study,
Popular Prakashan: Mumbai.
___________ … "^mfm§Va_r_m§goMo ñdê$n' Zd^maV dmB©…
àmknmR>emim àH$meZ (1982).
{Za§OZm, VoOpñdZr … Sitting Translation:
History,
Poststructuralism and the Cultural Context,

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 33

 bIZm¡_Yrb nyduÀ`m {Xdgm§Mr AmR>dU, Zdm~
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nU d` Ag§ H$s bdH$aM {dgê$Z Jobr. nU {Vbm Amnë`m
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Amb§.
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bJoM `oB©b. AZwdmX : {H$aU `obo

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 35

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gmoS>br Am{U naVrbm amOr Pmë`m. AmVm \$aIwX§ m åhUmbr,
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em°qnJ Ho$br Jobr. \$aIw§XmZo Amnbr _¡ÌrU
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Z`o `mgmR>r AmB© Jßn am{hbr.
\$aIwX§ m H$amMrhÿZ bmhmoabm nmohmoMbr nU àdmgmMm
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\w$Jbob§ hmoV§. Vr Iyn ZmamO hmoVr H$s \$aIw§Xm {Vbm Z
^oQ>Vm H$m Jobr.
\$aIw§XmZo haàH$mao {Vbm g_OdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm
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Amnbm nmoaJm KamV Ambobm Vwåhmbm MmbVmo Va Vr nmoaJr
H$m Zmhr MmbV? eodQ>r Vr `m KaMr gyZ Amho Am{U VrM
dmagm XoUam Amho Vw_À`m KamÊ`mbm.
dmagmMm CëboI Amë`m~amo~a Ë`m§Mm nmam Oam
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Am{U KmJamMmo i r. n§ { S>VOtZ Va Vr ZI{eIm§ V
amOñWmZrM dmQ>V hmoVr. AmVm Vo {VM§ ~§JmbrnU nma
{dgê$Z Jobo. _¥UmbÀ`m S>moù`m§VyZ ñÌdUmar ñZoh g[aVm
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AmnmoAmn Xya Pmbr. Ë`m§À`m _ZmZ§M Ë`m§Zm gmX KmVbr-
"n§{S>VOr, H$mimMr nmdb§ AmoiIm. Amnbm Moham ~Xbm.
Vwåhr ñdV: kmZr AmhmV. g_OyZ-C_OyZ nmdb§ CMbm.
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Amnë`m _Zmbm Imob Hw$R>oVar XSy>Z ~gbobm Á`mo{Vfr
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~mobVm ~mobVm Ë`m§Zr gwZobm {VMr OÝ_VmarI, ñWi-
H$mi B. {dMmê$Z KoVb§.
amÌr Pmonmù`mda ~gë`m ~gë`m n§{S>V {ede§H$a
H$mJXmdaMr {Q>nU§ Ý`mhmiy bmJbo. nU EH$XmoZ {_{ZQ>mV§ M
Ë`m§Mr boIUr W~H$br Am{U S>moù`m§g_moa A§Ymê$Z
Amë`mgmaI§ Pmb§. Ë`m§Zr ñdV:bmM àý {dMmabm-
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ñdV:bm amOÁ`mo{Vfr åhUdVmog, Va AmOn`ªV Amnë`m
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Ë`mÀ`m Am`wî`mV nwT>o H$m` dmTy>Z R>do b§` `mMm, H$mZmogm,
Vy Amnë`m kmZmÀ`m AmYmao H$m Zmhr KoVbmg H$Yr?
n§{S>VOr Jm|YiyZ Jobo. Ë`m§Mr _Vr Hw§${R>V Pmbr. Ë`m§Zm
H$mhr gwMoZmg§ Pmb§. S>moŠ`mV Mmbboë`m `m d¡Mm[aH$
Yw_üH«$sV Ë`m§À`mVbm Á`mo{Vfr \$S> _mê$Z Jobm Am{U
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AmoT>boë`m aofm Am{U _m§S>boë`m J{UVmÀ`m AmYmamda
Ë`m§Zr H$mhr AS>mIo ~m§YÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm.
Am{U Vo CS>mboM. àb`§H$mar _hm{dñ\$moQ>...
A{Ib ~«÷m§S>mV Ii~i CS>mbr. g_ñV J«h
Amnmnë`m H$jo~mhoa OmD$Z Mm¡Iya CYibo. ZjÌm§Mr
amIam§Jmoir Pmbr. gy`©-M§Ð H$mio{R>ŠH$a nS>bo. Ë`m§Mm
Mm¡gmonr dmS>m JmobJmob {\$ê$ bmJbm. H$mJXmda {b{hbobr
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gmoSy> bmJbr. ì`mHw$iboë`m H$mVa ñdamV n§{S>VOr
qH$Mmibo- "Zmhr. gm\$ ImoQ>§ Ag§ hmoU§ _wirM eŠ`
Zmhr. H$Xm{MV _mP§M Hw$R>V§ ar MwH$b§ Agob.' Ag§ åhUyZ
Ë`m§Zr nwÝhm J{UV _m§S>bo... nU CÎma VoM hmoVo. VoM
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 43
A_§Ji g_moa C^o hmoVo, Á`mMr n§{S>VOtZm ^r{V hmoVr.
Ë`m§Zr WaWaË`m hmVmZo H$mJX CMbbm Am{U ñV§{^V
hmoD$Z Ë`mda ZOa amoIbr.
eaUmJVr nËH$aboë`m goZmnVrà_mUo Ë`m§Zr Imobr^a
ZOa {\$adbr. Ë`m§Zm ^mg Pmbm H$s Imobrbm AmJ
bmJbr` Am{U AmVm hiyhiy g§nyU© dmS>mM Ádmim§Zr
doT>bm OmB©b... àË`oH$ dñVy ^ñ_r^yV hmoD$Z OmB©b.
H$mhrM {eëbH$ amhUma Zmhr.
~mhoa amÌrMm A§Yma ngabm hmoVm. Pmonmù`mda
_§X-_§X PmoHo$ KoV ~gboë`m n§{S>VOtM§ _Z {WOyZ Job§.
JaJaË`m n§»`mÀ`m hdo_i w o hmVmVbm H$mJX hobH$mdo ImV
hmoVm. bmoH$ åhUm`Mo H$s n§{S>VOtZm gm§{JVbob§ ^{dî`
ImoQ>§ R>aU§M eŠ` Zmhr. Ag§ Hw$Ur åhQ>b§ H$s _yR>^a _m§g
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kmZmMm A{^_mZhr dmQ>m`Mm Ë`m§Zm. nU AmO VoM kmZ
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44 n gm{hË`
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dmQ>b§ H$s `m J«§Wm§Zm dmidr bmJmo qH$dm Vo AmJrÀ`m
^ú`ñWmZr nS>mVo ... nU Hw$§ S>brV Og§ {XgV§` Vg§ _wirM
ìhm`bm ZH$mo.
BVŠ`mV n¢OU§ dmObr. g_moa _¥Umb C^r hmoVr.
Amnë`m _hmkmZr gmgao~wdm§Zm H$miOrJ«ñV nmhÿZ Vr
AË`§V AX~eranUo åhUmbr,
""nmnm, ~a§ dmQ>V Zmhr` H$m Vwåhmbm? AmO Vwåhr
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Vr Imbr dmH$br. {Vbm gmS>r ZogVmM `oV ZìhVr Am{U
gmS>rMm {dñVma gm§^miVm gm§^miVm {VMr Vmam§~i
CS>m`Mr ZwgVr. Vr Imbr dmH$br, Vgm {VMm nXa T>ibm
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ao V mS> dmid§ Q > . JdVmM§ nmV§ g w Õ m CJdm`Mr j_Vm
Zgbob§... dm§PmoQ>§.
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nmR>_moar Amd¥Îmr nmhÊ`mM§ YmS>g Vo H$ê$ eH$bo ZmhrV.
Ë`m§Mr ZOa H$nmQ>mda {Iibr hmoVr Am{U gy`© Ka§JiV
Mmbbm hmoVm...
lll
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 45
 Am°B©b_Ü`o {^Oboë`m OwQ>bm Ë`mZo H$mS>r bmdbr
Voìhm OwQ> H$mim Yya Q>mH$sV Oiy bmJb§. bmH$S>§ Ë`mZo
AmYrM OmirXma AmH$mamV aMyZ R>odbr hmoVr. AmVm Vmo
H$moiemMo N>mQo >o N>mQo >o VwH$S>o aMy bmJbm. _J Ë`mZo H$mhrdoi
n§»`mZo dmam KmVbm Am{U _J Vr eoJS>r CMbyZ Ë`mZo Vr
~mhoa ìham§S>çmV R>odbr.
g_moaM§ bmoI§S>mMo ê$i ngabobo hmoVo. Vo XmoÝhr
~mOybm g_m§Va OmV hmoVo. `m§Zm Vmo aoëdoMm AmË_m g_OV
Ago. hr Cn_m Ë`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mV H$er Am{U Hw$Ry>Z Ambr
ho Ë`mbmhr H$ib§ Zmhr. Ë`mZo EoH$b§ hmoV§ H$s AmË_m
A_a AgVmo. eara ho EH$àH$mao Ë`mM§ earaM AgV§.
Ooìhm ho dñÌ OrU©erU© hmoB©b Voìhm AmË_m Ë`mMm Ë`mJ
H$aVmo. Ë`mà_mUoM ho aoëdoMo ê$i AmhoV. Vo Amnë`m
ñWmZmda _O~yVnUo pñWa AmhoV. Ë`m ê$im§dê$Z AZoH$
S>~,o B§{OÝg Am{U JmS>çm `o-Om H$aVmV. B§{OZ XwéñVrgmR>r
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ZmhrV. Oa Vo ZgVrb Va aoëdoMm H$ma^ma {dñH$irV
hmoB©b. EH$m jUmV aoëdoMm gJim Ioi g_mßV hmoB©b.
AmH$memVrb àH$me H$_rH$_r hmoV hmoVm. Mma-
gmS>oMmaMr doi hmoVr... Ë`mZo A§XmO ~m§Ybm Am{U Vmo
bmoQ>çmV nmUr KoD$Z {g½ZbÀ`m {XeoZo {ZKmbm. {g½ZbMm
bmb {Xdm Xwê$Zhr M_H$V hmoVm. gìdmnmMMr S>mH$ KoD$Z
{ZKUmar Q´>oZ {ZKmë`mZ§Va H$mhrdoi Vmo bmb {Xdm OiV
amhVmo... _J Vmo ê$imÀ`m H$S>oH$S>oZo MmbV am{hbm.
ê$imÀ`m H$S>oZo dmT>boë`m doiyÀ`m ~ZmVyZ hdm
dmhVmZm {eQ>r dmOë`mgmaIm AmdmO `oV hmoVm. IOê$À`m
PmS>m§Zm nú`m§Mr KaQ>r bQ>H$bobr hmoVr. XmoZ dfmªnydu
{VWo EImX§M KaQ>§ {XgV Ago. Ë`mM KaQ>çm§Mr g§»`m
~KVm ~KVm 5/6 Pmbr hmoVr. EImXm njr _obm Va Ë`m
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amhV§?... Ë`mZo _ZmVë`m _ZmV {dMma Ho$bm. nU H$moUVmhr
{ZîH$f© Z H$mT>VmM Vmo nwT>o Jobm.
IÈ>çmVb§ nmUr gwH$b§ hoV§. `mdoir nmdgmbm nwÝhm
Cera Pmbm hmoVm. dmQ>V§` H$s nwÝhm XwîH$mi nS>ob.. Vmo
{dMmamV nS>bm... H${b`wJ Amb§ Amho. nydugmaIm nmD$g
nS>V Zmhr`o. BVH§$M H$m` nU W§S>r Am{U CÝhmim ho
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_mIbobo.
gmS>no mM dmOVmMr Q´>Zo {ZKyZ Jobr Voìhm Ë`mZo OmD$Z
\$mQ>H$ CKS>bo Am{U naV `oD$Z Amnë`m Kw_Q>rÀ`m _mJo
bmdboë`m ^mOrnmë`mbm nmUr Kmby bmJbm. Am§ã`mÀ`m
50 n gm{hË`
PmS>mda H$moH$sim JmV hmoVr. ho PmS> Ë`mÀ`m Kw_Q>rOdi
H$Mè`mÀ`m {T>Jmè`mda AmnmoAmn CJdbobo hmoVo. Z§Va
Ë`mZo Ë`m PmS>mMr XoI^mb H$ê$Z Ë`mbm dmT>dbo hmoVo.
n{hë`m§Xm Ë`mbm \$i§ Ambr hmoVr. Ë`mMm gJim {Xdg
Ë`m \$im§Mo ajU H$aÊ`mVM OmV Ago. Vmo Oamgm
BH$S>o{VH$S>o Jobm H$s AmgnmgMr _wbo PmS>mda XJS> _marV
AgV.
dmâ`m§Zm nmUr XoD$Z Vmo Amnë`m Kw_Q>rV naVbm.
_J Ë`mZo ImQ> ~mhoa R>odbr Am{U Ë`mda ~gyZ Vmo ~rS>r
{nD$ bmJbm. n{ü_oÀ`m ~mOybm {g½ZbMm {Xdm {dPbm
hmoVm. gy`© da Ambm hmoVm. Ë`m àH$memV aoëdoMo ê$i
bm§~da M_H$V hmoVo. {M_Ur Amnë`m KaQ>çmVyZ {ZKyZ
{nëbm§Zm XmUo ^adV hmoVr.
nyd}À`m ~mOybm ~Zbobm Zdm nybhr gy`©àH$memV
MH$mH$V hmoVm. hm nyb _mJrb XmoZVrZ dfmªV ~m§YyZ V`ma
Pmbm hmoVm. eoH$S>mo _Oya Ë`mgmR>r H$m_ H$arV hmoVo. nU
Ooìhm hm nyb ~m§YyZ V`ma Pmbm Voìhm Vo _Oya BWo ZìhVo.
H$Xm{MV Vo Xwgè`m nwbmÀ`m ~m§YH$m_mda Jobo AgmdoV
Agm {dMma Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV Ambm.
hm nyb ~m§YyZ V`ma Pmbm `mMm AW©M Ë`mMr JaO
AmVm Cabobr ZìhVr. añVm nwbmZo OmoS>bm Jobm hmoVm. Vmo
añVm WmoS>m {\$ê$Z dê$Z {ZKyZ OmUma hmoVm. AmVm Q´>{° \$H$bm
Ë`mÀ`m \$mQ>H$mnmer ASy>Z amhÊ`mMr JaO ZìhVr. Joë`m
{H$Ë`oH$ _{hÝ`mnmgyZ Vmo Amnbo {Xdg _moOV hmoVm. Ë`mZo
EoH$bo hmoVo H$s nwbmMo CX²KmQ>Z _§Ìr_hmoX` H$aUma hmoVo.
Ë`mZo nm{hbo H$s qenS>Umao `§Ì nwbmda nmUr _maV hmoVo.
AOyZ `m nwbmÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOyZ§ m S´>_ R>do Zy añVm ~§X R>do Ê`mV
Ambm hmoVm. nmUr qenS>Umao `§Ì nwbmda Ambo hmoV.o `mMmM
AW© nwbmdaMo EH$m ~mOyMo S´>_ hQ>dÊ`mV Ambo hmoVo.
eoJS>r {dPV Ambr hmoVr. Ë`mZo eoJS>rV nwÝhm H$moigo
KmVbo. XmoZMmaXm n§»`mZo dmam KmbV nmVoë`mV S>mi
{eOm`bm bmdbr. S>mi eoJS>rda MT>dyZ Vmo _mJÀ`m
~mOybm Agboë`m h±S>n§nmda Am§Kmoi H$aÊ`mgmR>r Jobm.
Am§Kmoi Ho$ë`mda Ë`mZo Amnbo YmoVa {nibo Am{U Vo
~mOyÀ`m JdVmda ngadyZ Vmo AmV Ambm. S>mirbm EH$
CH$ir Ambr hmoVr. Vmo Xwgè`m CH$irMr dmQ> nmhÿ bmJbm.
Xwgar CH$ir Amë`mZ§Va Ë`mZo Vo ^m§S>o Imbr CVadbo
Am{U Vm§Xyi {eOm`bm bmdbo. Ë`mZo _mJÀ`m Xmar
Agboë`m ^monù`mÀ`m dobrMm ^monim VmoSy>Z AmUbm. Vo
H$mnyZ Ë`mZo Vmo EH$m VmQ>brV R>odbm. _J nrR> H$mTy>Z Vmo Vo
_iy bmJbm.
ñd`§nmH$ Pmë`mda Ë`mZo Vmo PmHy$Z R>odbm Am{U
Vmo _§{XamÀ`m {XeoZo {ZKmbm. Iyn doion`ªV AmVm JmS>r
`oUma ZìhVr... AmO Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV Amb§ åhUyZ Vmo
_§{XamH$S>o {ZKmbm hmoVm. ZmhrVa Ë`mZo {Xdgm _§{XamV
OmU§ OdiOdi gmoS>b§M hmoV§. _§{XamVë`m e§H$amÀ`m
qnS>rda Hw$UrVar XmoZMma H$ÊhoarMr \w$b§ dm{hbr hmoVr.
EImXm ^ŠV Ambm Agob BH$S>o qH$dm _wbm§Zr \w$b§ dm{hbr
AgVrb.. nwOmarOr Va naV Ambo ZgVrb Zm?.. Zmhr,
Vo Ambo AgVo Va Ë`m§Mm hÎmrhr ~amo~a AgVm...
WmoS>mdoi Vmo _§{XamÀ`m n[agamVM MH$am _marV
am{hbm. _J {VWyZ naV `oD$Z gmS>A o H$am dmOVmÀ`m JmS>rMr
dmQ> nhmV am{hbm. nmdUoXhmMr S>mH$ Q´>oZ Vmo ñd`§nmH$
H$arV hmoVm VoìhmM Jobr hmoVr. gmS>oAH$amMr Q´>oZ Joë`mda
Vmo Oodbm. Am{U PmS>mÀ`m Imbr ImQ> Q>mHy$Z Amam_ H$ê$
bmJbm. CÝhmù`mÀ`m {XdgmV Ë`mMr hrM {XZM`m© Ago.
OodU Pmë`mda H$_rVH$_r Vmo XmoZ Vmg Pmon H$mT>V Ago.
Ver hdoV CîUVm hmoVr. nU PmS>mÀ`m gmdbrV AOyZhr
~a§ dmQ>V hmoV§.
gmYmaU VrZ dmOVm Vmo PmonoVyZ CR>bm. Voìhm
AmH$memV T>J O_y bmJbo hmoVo. H$Xm{MV nmD$g `oB©b
Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>bo. AmH$memH$S>o nhmVM Ë`mZo A§XmO
~m§Ybm. H$mb dmXi Amb§ hmoV§ nU AmO dmXimMr
H$moUVrM {ZemUr ZìhVr. Ho$di {\$H$Q> a§JmMo T>J
AmH$memV Va§JV hmoVo. Ë`mVrb EH$ T>J nwOmarOtÀ`m
hÎmrgmaIm {XgV hmoVm. Ë`mbm _ZmVë`m _ZmV hgy Amb§...
nw O marOtZr Ë`m§ M m hÎmr ^mS>çmZo Úm`Mm Y§ X m
n¥ÏdrbmoH$mnmgyZ ñdJ©bmoH$mn`ªV dmT>dbm H$s H$m`?...
Ë`mZo ImQ> {VWoM PmS>mImbr nSy> {Xbr Am{U Vmo
Kw_Q>rV `oD$Z Mhm ~ZdÊ`mgmR>r Xwgè`m§Xm eoJS>r noQ>dy
bmJbm. Ë`mdoir Ë`mZo nm{hbo H$s Zì`m nwbmda Q´>°{\$H$
hdmbXma C^m Amho. H$mhr bmoH$ nwbmbm a§Jr~oaJ§ r P|S>çm§Zr
gOdVmhoV. AmOM CX²KmQ>Z hmoUma Agmdo Agm {dMma
Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV Ambm. Ë`mÀ`m CÎmaoH$S>À`m \$mQ>H$mnmer
EH$ H$m°ÝñQ>o~b C^m hmoVm. åhUOo AmOnmgyZM Ë`mM§
XmUmnmUr ~§X hmoUma H$s H$m`?... CÚmnmgyZ Amnbr
S>çþQ>r Hw$R>o bmJob Hw$Umg R>mD$H$?...
gmS>oVrZ dmOVm nwÝhm n°g|Oa hmoVr. Vr Joë`mda Vmo
CJrMM BH$S>{o VH$S>o {\$aV am{hbm. EH$Xm nwbmn`ªVhr OmD$Z
Ambm. {VWo Ë`mbm H$ib§ H$s nmM dmOVm nwbmMo CX²KmQ>Z
H$aÊ`mgmR>r _§{Ì_hmoX` `oUma AmhoV. gmS>onmM dmOVm
S>mH$ KoD$Z OmUmar Q´>oZ BWyZ OmVo. H$Xm{MV Ë`mbm AmVm
\$mQ>H$ ~§X H$amdo bmJUma Zmhr. H$Xm{MV bmJobhr nU
AmVm Ë`mMr BWbr JaO g§nbr` Ago Ë`mbm dmQ>bo.
EH$XmoZ {XdgmV Ë`mÀ`m Zì`m nmopñQ>¨JMr Am°S>©a `oB©b
Am{U _J aoëdoMo _Oya `oVrb Ë`mÀ`m Kw_Q>rMr {IS>H$s,
XadmOm, Q>o{b\$moZ, H$s~moS>© gJi§ H$mhr CISy>Z KoD$Z
OmVrb. B§JO« rVyZ _moR>_moR>çm AjamV Ë`m Kw_Q>rÀ`m q^Vrda
"E~§S>§S>' Ago {b{hbo OmB©b. Ë`mÀ`m Am`wî`mVbo 18/
20 dfª Ë`mZo øm Kw_Q>rV Kmbdbo ho Hw$Umbm H$iUma
Amho? `m Am§ã`mÀ`m PmS>mMo, _mJo CJdboë`m ^mOrnmë`mMo
H$m` hmoUma? OmD$ Xo... Ë`mbm H$m` H$am`Mo Amho?
Ë`mMo `m Kw_Q>rer.. `m n[agamer BVŠ`m {Xdgm§MoM ZmVo
hmoVo...
AMmZH$ Ë`mbm Mm±XMr AmR>dU Pmbr. AmO Mm±X
AgVr Va Vmo {Vbm KoD$Z Hw$R>ohr Jobm AgVm. H$Xm{MV
Ë`m§Zm EH$XmoZ _wbh§ r AgVr. Ë`mÀ`m \§$S>mMr aŠH$_ MmanmM
hOma Var ZŠH$sM O_br Agob. Vmo ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z EImXo
XwH$mZ Q>mHy$ eH$Vmo nU ho gJio Ë`mÀ`m ^m½`mV ZìhVo.
Ë`mÀ`m Z{e~mV Ho$di aoëdoMo ê$iM AmhoV. ho ê$i
ZgVrb Va Xwgè`m {R>H$mUMo ê$i. H$YrH$Yr Va Ë`mbm
ñdßZmVhr ho ê$i {XgVmV.. EH$m Q>moH$mnmgyZ Xwgè`m
Q>mHo $mn`ªV ngabob.o . EH$_oH$m§Zm N>Xo Umao.. EH$_oH$m§er g_m§Va
YmdUmao.. H$Yr H$Yr Va Ë`mbm {j{VOmn`ªV OmUmao ê$i
{XgV AgV.
Vmo nwÝhm Ë`mÀ`m Kw_Q>rnmer Ambm. Voìhm Ë`mMo _Z
AñdñW Pmbo hmoVo. Ë`mZo EH$ ZOa Amnë`m gm_mZmdê$Z
{\$adbr. am°Ho$bMm S>~m, N>moQ>rN>moQ>r ImoH$s, EH$m
H$monè`mVrb H$moiemMm T>rJ.. Ë`mÀ`m eoOmarM Agbobm
OwQ>Mm T>rJ.. ImQ>oda ngabobm {~N>mZm.. ImQ>oÀ`m Imbr
nS>bobr bmoI§S>r Q´>§H$.. Iw§Q>rda Q>m§Jbobm ImH$s a§JmMm
Ja_ Amoìha H$moQ>.. Omo Vmo W§S>rÀ`m {XdgmV A§JmV KmbV
Ago. ...`mdfu Zdm AmoìhaH$moQ> {_iob Agohr Ë`mbm
dmQ>bo.. EH$XmoZ Iw§Q>çm§daMo Q>m§Jbobo KmUoaS>o H$nS>o.. ~ñg
hmM Ë`mMm g§gma hmoVm. hmo.. Ë`mZo EH$m \$irda
OJÝZmWOtMr _yVu R>odbr hmoVr. Vmo AZoH$ dfmªnydu nwarbm
Jobm hmoVm. Voìhm Ë`mZo Vr _yVu {VWyZ AmUbr hmoVr.
Ë`mÀ`m eoOmarM JwQ>»`mMr nwS>r Am{U {~`aMr \w$Q>H$s
~mQ>br R>odbobr hmoVr. MmanmM dfmªnydu Vmo \$mQ>H$~§X
H$ê$Z Amnë`m Kw_Q>rH$S>o `oV hmoVm Voìhm \$ñQ>© ŠbmgÀ`m
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 51
Hw$Um àdmí`mZo Vr ~mQ>br \o$H$br hmoVr Am{U Vr `oD$Z
Ë`mÀ`m S>moŠ`mbm bmJbr hmoVr. Ë`mbm AmR>dS>m^a nÅ>r
~m§Ymdr bmJbr hmoVr. Q>mHo$ nS>bo hmoV.o Ë`mMr IyU AOyZhr
Ë`mÀ`m H$nmimda hmoVr. {VWoM VmoVm_¡Zm Am{U EH$XmoZ
{\$ë_r JmÊ`m§Mr nwñVHo$hr nS>bobr hmoVr. Vr Ë`mZo AZoH$
dfmªnydu IaoXr Ho$bobr hmoVr.
EH$Xm Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV Ambo H$s ho gmao gm_mZ Jmoim
H$amdo nU Ë`mZo Vo Q>mibo. Vmo ImQ> Kw_Q>rÀ`m g_moa Q>mHy$Z
Ë`mda {~S>r nrV ~gbm. AmH$memV AOyZhr VwaiH$ T>J
hmoVoM nU hdoVrb CîUVm H$_r Pmbr hmoVr.
nwbmda dX©i dmT>br hmoVr. X{jUoH$S>À`m Q>moH$mbm
bmb [a~Z ~m§Ybr hmoVr. {VWo bmoH$ O_m hmoD$ bmJbo
hmoVo. bmD$S>ñnrH$ahr bmJbm hmoVm. Ë`mdê$Z Hw$UrVar
"h°bmo@@..._mB©H$ Q>oñQ>tJ.. EH$, XmoZ, VrZ, Mma..' Ago
AmoaS>V hmoVm. H$mhr JmS>çmhr aoëdo\$mQ>H$mVyZ {ZKyZ nwbmnmer
O_m hmoD$ bmJë`m hmoË`m. nmM dmOV hmoV.o Ë`mZo _§{XamÀ`m
H$igmda nS>boë`m CÝhmH$S>o nmhÿZ A§XmO ~m§Ybm. åhUOo
AmVm _§{Ì_hmoX` `oÊ`mMr doi Pmbr Agmdr. g_moaÀ`m
Q>o{b\$moZÀ`m Vmaoda Kw~S> ~gbo hmoVo.
añË`mda Q´>°{\$H$ dmT>VM hmoVm. Am°{\$gog gwQ>Ê`mMr
doi hmoVr. `mdoir Am{U gH$mir 9 dmOVm Q´>°{\$H$Mm Omoa
dmT>bobmM AgVmo... AWm©V hm Omoa Joë`m 3/4 dfm©VM
dmT>bb o m hmoVm. gwédmVrbm Q´>{° \$H$À`m Zmdmda H$mhr JmS>çm,
Q´>oÝg Am{U n°g|Oa... Am{U H$YrVar EImXr _mbJmS>r...
BVŠ`mM JmS>çm AgV.
Ë`mbm Q>o{b\$moZMr K§Q>r EoHy$ Ambr. Vmo nQ>H$Z CRy>Z
AmV Jobm. gmS>onmM dmOVmÀ`m n°g|OaMr gyMZm hmoVr.
Ë`mZo ~moS>©darb {H$ëbr H$mT>br Am{U gmdH$me MmbV
Vmo \$mQ>H$ ~§X H$aÊ`mgmR>r Jobm. CÎmaoH$S>À`m \$mQ>H$mbm
Hw$byn bmdVmZm Ë`mZo nm{hbo H$s, H$mhr A§Vamdê$Z
_§{Ì_hmoX`m§Mr H$ma `oVo Amho. {VWo \$mQ>H$mnmer Cä`m
Agboë`m nmo{bgmZo Ë`mbm H$mhrVar åhQ>bohr. nU Vmo
X{jUoH$S>Mo \$mQ>H$ `mnyduM ~§X H$ê$Z Ambm hmoVm. Q´>oZ
H$moUË`mhr jUr Ambr AgVr. Vmo \$mQ>H$ ~§X H$ê$Z Amnë`m
Kw_Q>rV naVbm.
_§{Ì_hmoX`m§Mr H$ma Am{U Ë`m§À`mgmo~V Ambobm
Ë`m§Mm gJim H$m{\$bm CÎmaoH$S>À`m \$mQ>H$mnmerM Wm§~bm.
nwbmdarb JXuV _§{Ì_hmoX`m§Mr H$ma `oVmM hmbMmb gwê$
Pmbr. bmoH$ nwbmÀ`m Imbr S>moH$mdyZ nmhÿ bmJbo.
Ë`m§ À `mn¡ H $s H$mhtÀ`m hmVmV \w $ bm§ M o hma hmo V o .
52 n gm{hË`
bmD$S>ñnrH$adê$Z bmoH$m§Zm gyMZm Úm`bm gwédmV Pmbr
hmoVr. _§{Ì_hmoX` Ambo AmhoV Aer CX²KmofUmhr Pmbr...
Ë`m§Mr JmS>r aoëdoÀ`m \$mQ>H$mnmer C^r Amho.. bmoH$m§Zr
Amnë`m OmJm gmoS>y Z`oV... Hw$Urhr bmb [a~ZÀ`m n{bH$S>o
OmD$ Z`o... dJ¡ao CX²KmofUm hmoV hmoË`m. nU Varhr H$mhr
bmoH$ bmb [a~ZÀ`m n{bH$S>o Jobobo {XgV hmoVo. H$Xm{MV
Vo bmoH$ g^oMr ì`dñWm nhmUmao AgmdoV.
Ë`mbm dmQ>bo H$s, Q´>Zo `m`bm CJrMM Cera hmoVmo`.
\$mQ>H$mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~mOybm Q´>°{\$H$Mr bmB©Z bmJbr hmoVr.
nw b mdaÀ`m JXuVhr AñdñWVm OmUdV hmo V r.
_§{Ì_hmoX`m§~amo~a Ambobo H$mhr nmo{bg A{YH$mar
Amnmnë`m JmS>rVyZ CVê$Z \$mQ>H$mnmer `oD$Z C^o am{hbo
hmoVo. Vo ê$imÀ`m XmoÝhr {Xem§Zm S>moH$mdyZ nhmV hmoVo.
VoìhmM Ë`mÀ`m _ZmV EH$ Jmoï> Ambr.. Oa Ë`mZo JmS>r
{ZKyZ Joë`mdahr \$mQ>H$ CKS>boM Zmhr Va?.. Oa Vmo
Mmdr KoD$Z H$mhr doimgmR>r Hw$R>oVar {ZKyZ Jobm Va?...
AMmZH$ Ë`mÀ`m öX`mV H$i CR>br Am{U Ë`mMo XmoÝhr
hmV N>mVrda Xm~bo Jobo.
bS>IS>V Vmo ImQ>oda ~gbm. Ë`m~amo~aM {S>Pob
B§{OZMm AmdmO Ë`mÀ`m H$mZm§da nS>bm. jU^amVM
bmoI§S>r ê$imdê$Z nmobmXmMr MmHo$ Kgê$ bmJbr. Kw~S>
Q>o{b\$moZÀ`m Vmaodê$Z CSy>Z Ë`mÀ`m Kw_Q>rdê$Z CS>V Jobo.
Ë`mbm dmQ>bo H$s, AmnU CRy>Z C^o ahmdo. nU OUy
Ë`mÀ`m hmVnm`mVbr eŠVrM {ZKyZ Jobr` Ago Ë`mbm
dmQ>bo. Vmo JwnMyn Amnë`m ImQ>oda nS>bm. JmS>rMo S>~o
Ë`mÀ`m S>mù o `m§g_moê$Z OmV hmoV.o nU Ë`m§Mm AmH$ma Ë`mbm
ñnï> {XgV ZìhVm. OUy EImXr dñVy H°$_oè`mÀ`m
\$moH$gnmgyZ Xya Pmbobr Amho.
JmS>r Joë`mbm 20/25 goH§$X Pmbo nU Vmo ImQ>oda
VgmM nSy>Z am{hbm. XmoÝhr \$mQ>H$m§À`m g_moa Mm§JbmM
Q´>°{\$H$ O_bm hmoVm. bmoH$ CVmdri hmoD$ bmJbo hmoVo.
H$mhr bmoH$m§Zr AmdmOhr {Xbm. nU Vmo Amnë`m OmJodê$Z
hbbm Zmhr. _J H$mhr bmoH$ \$mQ>H$mÀ`m ~mOyZo Ë`mÀ`m
Kw_Q>rH$S>o `oD$ bmJbo. Ë`mV _§{Ì_hmoX`m§~amo~a Ambobo
nmo{bg Am°{\$gahr hmoVo. nU Vmo `m gJù`mnmgyZ A{bßV
hmoD$Z ImQ>oda nSy>Z hmoVm.
Ë`mÀ`mOdi nmohMVm nmohMVm bmoH$ AmoaSy> bmJbo
hmoVo. Vo Ooìhm Ë`mÀ`m AJXr Odi Ambo Voìhm Ë`mZo
EH$Xm S>mi o o CKSy>Z Ë`m§À`mH$S>o ~{KVbo XoIrb. Ë`mZo XmoÝhr
(nwT>rb _OHy$a nmZ H«$. 66 da)
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 53
 Vwé§JmÀ`m d[að> A{YH$mè`m§Mr nadmZJr KoD$Z Vy hmoVmo. VwP§ gm¢X`© hohr Ë`m e§H$o _mJM§ H$maU hmoV§ Am{U Vo
_bm ^oQ>m`bm Ambr hmoVrg. _r gË`H$Wm {bhmdr `mo½`M hmoV§.
åhUyZ--- _mPr ZOa EH$mEH$s ~Xbbr. H$maU _r _mÂ`m
{H$Vr gw§Xa! _r Va MH«$mdyZM Jobmo. Moham AY©dQ> öX`mV Xwgè`mM H$moUmbm Var OmJm {Xbr hmoVr. nU _J
PmH$Umao Ho$g EH$m ~moQ>mZo {X_mImV ~mOybm H$arV, _mÂ`m öX`mV {OZo OmJm KoVbr hmoVr Vr Ë`mdoir Ag§
"Vwåhmam Zm_ Š`m h¡?' {dMmab§g. H$m ~a§ dmJbr?
"_r CÎma àXoemVbmM Amho nU _bm V{_i Mm§Jb§
`oV§.' _r åhUmbmo. d¥ÎmnÌmV _mÂ`m{df`r Vr Ii~iOZH$ ~mV_r
Amü`m©Zo VwPo S>moio {dñ\$mabo. VwÂ`mH$S>o nhmV `o
V mM nmobrg _mPm emoY KoD$ bmJbo. gd© OJ _mÂ`mda
AgVmZm, Vy ñdV:Mr Amo i I Xo V AgVmZm Am{U {dœmg R>odUma Zmhr nU {VMm _mÂ`mda {dœmg Amho
_mÂ`m~Ôb AZwH§$nm ì`ŠV H$aVmZm _r Oam gme§H$M Am{U Ë`m {dœmgmnmoQ>rM {Vbm EH$XmVar gË` gm§Jm`bmM

54 n gm{hË`
_yi V{_i H$Wm : _whå_X _oVm
lràH$me
AZw M§. A{YH$mar
dmX : lràH$me M§. A{YH$mar
{Xdmir
{Xdmir A§A§HH$$ 2017
2017 nn 55
hd§ Agm {dMma Ho$bm _r.
Ë`m g§Ü`mH$mir A§Yma nS>`bm gwédmV Pmbr
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----0----
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----0----
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----0----
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----0----
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_r YmdVM gwQ>bmo.
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----0----
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----0----
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----0----
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Va?
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lll
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 61

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C{eamn`ªV Aä`mg H$aVmZm Vo XmoKohr EH$mM {~N>mÝ`mV
Pmonr Jobo hmoVo AZ² Ë`mbm OmUdb§ H$s AemoH$M§ eara,
ZrVmÀ`m earamgmaI§M H$mo_b Amho. Ë`mZ§ Pmonboë`m
AemoH$Mm hmV {H$VrVar doi Amnë`m Jù`mer AmoTy>Z
KoVbm AZ² Ë`mÀ`m Im§Úmda Amnbm Vidm Xm~yZ Yabm.
{VWyZ Vmo Vidm _J hiyhiy AemoH$À`m H§$~aon`ªV,
H§$~aoÀ`m Imbr, nm`mdê$Z {\$aV am{hbm. AZ² _J Ë`m
amÌr - Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m AZoH$ amÌr Ë`mbm AemoH$Mm Moham,
ZrVmÀ`m Mohè`mgmaIm {Xgy bmJbm. Ë`m amÌr n{hë`m§Xm
Ë`mZo ZrVmÀ`m AmoR>mM § o Mw~§ Z - Zìho AemoH$Mo Mw~§ Z KoVbo
hmoVo.
amÌr PmonVmZm \$maM H$_r H$nS>çmV Pmonm`Mr
Ë`mbm gd` hmoVr. nU àH$memZo ^aboë`m ImobrV Ooìhm
{à¨{gnbZo Ë`mbm Ë`mÀ`m amÌrÀ`m Mmù`m§~Ôb {dMmabo
Voìhm _mÌ Amnë`mbm Hw$UrVar gJio H$nS>o H$mTy>Z ZmJd§
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eara WaWa H$mnV hmoV.§ Ë`mZ§ ~mobÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm nU
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 63
Ë`mÀ`m Vm|Sy>Z eãX \w$Q>oZm. Ë`mZ§VaMr nwT>Mr nmM df},
~mobVmZm Vmo Zoh_rM AS>Iim`Mm, VmoVa§ ~mobm`Mm.
{à¨{gnbZo Ë`mbm EH$ H$mJX {Xbm AZ² ~mhoa
nmR>{db§. _J ~mhoa C^r Agbobr hm°ñQ>obMr gd© _wbo
Ë`mÀ`m nmR>r bmJbr. OmoaOmoamV hgV, Q>mù`m nrQ>V,
{eQ>çm dmO{dV Vr Ë`mMm nmR>bmJ H$ê$ bmJbr.
Ë`mÀ`m earamÀ`m àË`oH$ ^mJmda Ë`m _wbm§Mm
AmdmO àhma H$arV hmoVm. nU Ë`mMo S>mHo $o ^`mZH$ XwIV
hmoVo. S>moŠ`mMr EImXr era \$mQ>ob H$s H$m` Ag§ Ë`mbm
dmQ>V hmoV.§ Ë`m{Xder Vmo AZoH$doim Amnb§ S>mHo $§ MmMnV
amhm`Mm. _J Ë`mMo dS>rb Ë`mbm S>m°ŠQ>aH$S>o KoD$Z Jobo
hmoV.o S>mŠ° Q>aZo Ë`mbm bmb a§JmÀ`m AZoH$ Jmoù`m Im`bm
{Xë`m AZ² Ë`mbm AZoH$ {Xdg Ag§M Jw§JrV, ~ohmoerV
R>odb§. Ë`mMmM n[aUm_ åhUOo Ë`mZ§Va Vmo AgmM
hadë`mgmaIm, ewÕ hanë`mgmaIm dmJm`Mm.
nU Ë`mZ§Vahr gwZrbbm OmUdm`M§ H$s Ë`mbm
gJi§ H$iV§`, Vmo nyU©nUo ewÕrda Amho.
VarOmZo Ë`mdoir Ë`mbm åhQ>b§ hmoV§ H$s gwZrbÀ`m
d{S>bm§Zr Ë`m§M§ Ka Oa gwZrbÀ`m Zmdmda H$ê$Z {Xb§ Va
Vr Ë`mÀ`mer b½Z H$aob... Ë`mdoir `m _mJUrMm J§^ranUo
{dMma H$arV Ë`mZ§ {Vbm {dMmab§ hmoV,§ ""Ë`mZ§Va Vo Ka _r
VwÂ`m Zmdmda H$amd§, Agm Vy _mÂ`m_mJo bH$S>m bmdUma?''
Ë`mM§ Vo VmoVa§ ~mobU§ EoH$y Z VarOm ~amM doi hgV am{hbr.
AZ² _J Ë`mbm åhUmbr, ""Aao, _r Ë`m Kambm VwÂ`mnojm
OmñV Mm§Jë`m VèhoZ§ gm§^mirZ. Ë`mMr Mm§Jbr XoI^mb
H$aoZ, Ë`mbm àË`oH$ dfu ZdrZ ê$n XoBZ© .''
Ë`mdoir gwZrbZ§ {Vbm gwZmdb§, ""VwÂ`m XmoZ
Hw$Í`m§~amo~a {Vgam Hw$Ìm ~ZU§, _bm A{O~mV _§Oay Zmhr.''
Vo gma§M àH$aU Jw§VmJw§VrM§ hmoV§.
Ë`mbm AmR>db§ H$s Á`m S>m°ŠQ>aZo Ë`mbm bmb
Jmoù`m Im`bm XoD$Z AZoH$ {Xdg ~oeÕ w mdñWoV R>do b§ hmoV§
AZ² Á`m S>m°ŠQ>abm Vmo Jobo {H$Ë`oH$ {Xdg nmhmV hmoVm,
Ë`m S>mŠ° Q>aM§ Vm|S> AMmZH$ {d{MÌ ~Zb§`. Vmo ~amM doi
S>mŠ° Q>aÀ`m Mohè`mH$S>o nmhmV am{hbm. Ë`mbm `m S>mŠ° Q>aH$S>o
A{O~mV `m`M§ ZìhV§. `m S>m°ŠQ>a{edm` _r ~am hmoB©Z,
Ag§ Ë`mZ§ d{S>bm§Zm AZoH$ doim gm§{JVb§ nU Ë`m§Zr
Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o A{O~mV bj {Xb§ Zmhr. CbQ> Ë`m§Zr Ë`mbm
g_Omdb§ H$s hm S>m°ŠQ>a doJim Amho, nyduMm S>m°ŠQ>a
doJim hmoVm. nU gwZrbMr ImÌr nQ>br hmoVr H$s ho gd©
S>mŠ° Q>g© EH$M Amho - "{dM S>mŠ° Q>a' Omo H$mbm§VamZo Amnbm
64 n gm{hË`
Moham ~XbVmo. Jmoù`m XoVmZmhr Vmo H$Yr bmb, H$Yr
{haì`m Va H$Yr {ndù`m Jmoù`m Úm`Mm. EHo$ {Xder _J
Ë`mZo d{S>bm§Mm d S>mŠ° Q>aMm g§dmX EoH$bm. S>mŠ° Q>a Ë`mÀ`m
d{S>bm§Zm gm§JV hmoVm H$s `mbm AmVm {dOoMm em°H$
XoÊ`m{edm` n`m©` Zmhr.
"AmVm hm S>m°ŠQ>a {dOoMm em°H$ XoD$Z _bm _mê$Z
Q>mH$Uma' Ë`mbm H$iyZ MwH$b§ AZ² _J Vmo {VWyZ YmdV
gwQ>bm. Amnë`m ImobrV `oD$Z Ë`mZ§ ImobrMm XadmOm
AmVyZ ~§X H$ê$Z KoVbm.
AmB© Z § Oo d UmgmR> r Ë`mÀ`m Imo b rMm XadmOm
R>moR>mdbm nU AmnU XadmOm CKS>bm Va Amnë`mbm
S>m°ŠQ>aH$S>o ZoÊ`mV `oB©b d S>m°ŠQ>a {dOoMm em°H$ XoD$Z
Amnbm Ord KoB©b, `mMr Ë`mbm ImÌr hmoVr. Ë`mZ§
A{O~mV XadmOm CKS>bm Zmhr nU {IS>H$sÀ`m JOm§VyZ
hmV KmbyZ AmB©Z§ {Xbob§ OodU \$ŠV KoVb§. Xwgè`m
{Xder AmB©Z§ naV EH$Xm XadmOm CKS>Ê`mgmR>r Ë`mMr
{dZdUr Ho$br. {Vbm ZmoH$amH$adr Ë`mMr Imobr ñdÀN>
H$am`Mr hmoVr nU Ë`mbm H$iyZ MwH$b§ hmoV§ H$s ho gmao
à`ËZ Ë`mZo XadmOm CKS>mdm åhUyZM MmbboV.
Ë`mÀ`mH$S>À`m {gJaoQ>g²hr g§në`m. Ë`mZ§ XadmOm
CKS>bm VaM AmB© Ë`mbm {gJaoQ>g² _mJdyZ XoUma hmoVr.
{IemVyZ n¡go H$mTy>Z Ë`mZo {IS>H$sÀ`m Mm¡H$Q>rV R>do bo AZ²
ZmoH$ambm ~mOmamVyZ {gJaoQ>g² AmUm`bm gm§{JVë`m. ZmoH$a
n¡go Va KoD$Z Jobm nU Ë`mZo {gJaoQ>g² AmUë`m ZmhrV.
~oB©_mZ... Xwï>!
Ë`mbm AmR>db§ H$s Ë`mM§ ñZmZJ¥ h Ë`mÀ`m
Imobrbm bmJyZM Amho AZ² Ë`mMm XadmOm Ë`mÀ`mM
ImobrV Amho. ZmhrVa àmV:{dYrgmR>r Ë`mbm ~mhoa nS>md§M
bmJb§ AgV§ AZ² _J Ë`mbm O~aXñVrZ§ nH$Sy>Z S>mŠ° Q>aH$S>o
ZoÊ`mV Amb§ AgV§.
Amnë`m AmR>dUrV nmÊ`mMm EH$ Vbmd Amho AZ²
Ë`mV AZoH$ AmdmO Sw>~Š`m _marV AmhoV, Ag§ Ë`mbm
OmUdy bmJb§. H$Yr H$Yr EImXm AmdmO nmohV nmohV
{H$Zmè`mbmhr bmJm`Mm. ""gwZr ~m~y... Amo gwZr ~m~y@@''
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~m~y' åhUyZM hmH$ _mam`Mr. "_mP§ Zmd gwZr ~m~y Zmhr Va
gwZrb Amho', hr Jmoï> dma§dma gm§JZy hr H$meZrbm Ë`mÀ`m
ZmdmMo eodQ>Mo Aja H$Yr ~mobVmM Ambo Zmhr. ""VoM Va
åhUVo` _r gwZr ~m~y'' Vr Ag§M eodQ>r åhUm`Mr.
Ë`m {Xder {IS>H$sOdi C^r amhÿZ H$meZrZo hiyM
Ë`mbm hmH$ _mabr, ""gw Z r ~m~y ! '' AZ² Amnë`m
AmoT>UrImbr bn{dbobo {gJaoQ>Mo nmH$sQ> hiyM Ë`mÀ`m
hmVmV {Xbo. Ë`mZo Amnë`m H$moQ>mMo d n±Q>Mo gJio {Igo
MmMnbo. \$ŠV n§Mdrg n¡go {ZKmbo. Ë`mÀ`mH$S>Mo gJio
n¡go g§nbo hmoV.o Vo n§Mdrg n¡go Ë`mZo H$meZrbm XoD$ Ho$bo
nU {VZo Vo KoVbo ZmhrV. Xwgè`m {Xderhr {VZo {gJaoQ>Mo
EH$ nmH$sQ> AmUyZ {IS>H$sÀ`m JOmVyZ Ë`mÀ`m hdmbr
Ho$bo hmoVo.
AmVm Vmo Zo h _rM gH$mir {VMr dmQ> nmhmV
amhm`Mm. H$meZr BñÌr Ho$bobo H$nS>o KoD$Z `oB©b, "gwZr
~m~y@' åhUyZ {IS>H$sOdi `oD$Z Ë`mbm hmH$ _maob. AZ²
AmVm Va Ë`mbm Amnë`m "gwZrb' `m Zmdmnojm "gwZr ~m~y'
ZmdM OmñV AmdSy> bmJb§ hmoV§.
H$meZrÀ`m AmJ«hmImVa Ë`mZo EHo$ {Xder Amnë`m
ImobrMm XadmOm CKS>bm. H$meZrZo Ë`mÀ`m ImobrMr
gm\$g\$mB© Ho$br AZ² Ë`mZ§Va Vr Ë`mMo _iHo$ H$nS>o
YwÊ`mgmR>r KoD$Z Jobr.
Xwgè`m {Xder Vr Ë`mMo YwVbobo H$nS>o KoD$Z Ambr.
Ë`mZohr ñZmZJ¥hmV OmD$Z H$nS>o ~Xbbo, Voìhm ñZmZJ¥hmMm
XadmOm CKSy>Z H$meZr åhUmbr, ""gwZr ~m~y, Vy \$ma N>mZ
{XgVmog.'' Ë`m AmR>dUtZrM Ë`mÀ`m H$ZmV H$meZrÀ`m
H$mMoÀ`m ~m§JS>çm§Mr {H$U{H$U dmOy bmJbr. Ë`mbm
AmR>db§- {VÀ`m nm`mV Mm§XrMo n¢OUhr AgVmV. Ë`mbm
hohr AmR>db§ H$s {VZ§ EH$Xm nm`mbm _|Xrhr bmdbr hmoVr
AZ² {VMr Vr XmoZ gmdir nmdb§ XmoZ H$~wVam§à_mUo Ë`mÀ`m
ImobrV {eabr hmoVr AZ² Ë`mZo Amnë`m XmoÝhr hmVmV Ë`m
H$~wVam§Zm nH$S>b§ hoV§. _J H$meZr MwnMmn Ë`mÀ`m
{~N>mÝ`mda ~gbr hmoVr. Ë`m {Xder Ë`mÀ`m H$mZmer
Amnb§ Vm|S> ZoD$Z Vr Hw$O~wObr hmoVr, ""gwZr ~m~y, Vy \$ma
N>mZ {XgVmog.'' ""gwZr ~m~y, gwZr ~m~y...'' Ë`mM§ gJi§
OJ `m AmdmOmZ§ ^ê$Z Job§ hmoV§.
Ë`mZo Amnë`m hmVmÀ`m Viì`mZo H$nmimbm
MmMnb§. OUy Vmo AmdmO aŠVmÀ`m YmaoÀ`m ê$nmZo Ë`mÀ`m
S>moŠ`mVyZ ~mhoa nS>V hmoVm.
Ë`mZo Amnbm Vidmhr nm{hbm. nU A§YmamV
Viì`mbm aŠV bmJb§` H$s Zmhr, ho H$mhr Ë`mbm H$ioZm.
hm§-Ë`mbm AmR>db§ H$s Ë`m {Xder _mÌ Ë`mÀ`m
{~N>mÝ`mda aŠVM aŠV hmoV§. H$meZr Ooìhm Ë`mÀ`m
{~N>mÝ`mdê$Z CR>br Voìhm {VZ§ Vr aŠV bmJbobr MmXahr
Jmoim Ho$br AZ² Ë`mbm gm§{JVb§ H$s CÚm Vr MmXa YwdyZ
Vr naV KoD$Z `oB©b.
""MmXarda ho aŠV Hw$Ry>Z Amb§', Ë`mZ§ H$meZrbm
{dMmab§. Voìhm AmoT>UrM§ Q>moH§$ Vm|S>mV Yê$Z Vr \$ŠV
IwXyIwXy hgV am{hbr AZ² MmXa YwÊ`mgmR>r KoD$Z Jobr.
Ë`mZ§Vahr H$meZr Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o Ambr...AZoH$ doim Ambr
nU _J Vr Jobr H$Yr?
AmB© Z § , Zmo H $amZ§ AZ² dS> m À`m PmS> m Odirb
Mhmdmë`mZ§hr gm§{JVb§ H$s H$meZr {d{harV ~wSy>Z _obr.
Z gwQ>Umar JmR> AMmZH$ gwQ>mdr Vg§ H$mhrg§ Pmb§.
gwZrbÀ`m H$nmimdaÀ`m H$mhr {eam VS>VS>ë`m. bmoH$
gm§JV hmoVo H$s H$meZrM§ b½Z ZìhV§ Pmb§ nU Vr J^©dVr
hmoVr.
"H$meZrM§ _wb?'... gwZrbÀ`m S>moŠ`mV hiyhiy
àH$me nSy> bmJbm. "H$meZrM§ _wb, _mP§ _wb hmoV§?'
"H$meZrM§ _wb..._mP§ _wb?' hr Jmoï> AJmoXa H$er
Amnë`m bjmV Ambr Zmhr. Ë`mbm H$mhr gwMZo m. Ë`mbm
gH$miMr AmR>dU Pmbr. Ë`mÀ`m Kamg_moa Agboë`m
_moH$ù`m OmJoV ~arM _wbo IoiV hmoVr. ~amM doi {VW§
C^§ amhÿZ Vmo Ë`m _wbm§Mm Ioi nmhmV hmoVm. Ë`m§À`mV EH$
VrZ dfmªMr _wbJr hmoVr, g\o$X \«$m°H$ KmVbobr MT>Ë`m
CÝhmV Vr EImÚm \w$bmgmaIr {XgV hmoVr. gwZrbZ§
A{Ve` ào_mZ§ {Vbm CMbyZ KoVb§. {VÀ`m Ho$gm§M,§ {VÀ`m
H$nmimM§, {VÀ`m hmVm§M§, {VÀ`m nm`m§M§ Mw§~Z KoVb§.
AZ² Hw$Ry>Zer EH$ H$mir, OmS>OyS> ~mB© AdVabr
AZ² _moR>_moR>çmZo AmaS>mAmoaS>m H$ê$ bmJbr. Vr ~hþVoH$
Ë`m _w b rMr Am`m Agmdr. _J ~arM _mUgo Ë`m
AmaS>mAmoaS>çmZo O_m Pmbr.
Ë`mMm WaH$mn CS>mbm, Ë`mMo hmV WaWê$ bmJbo.
Ë`m O_boë`m _mUgm§Zr Ë`mbm Koamd KmVbm AZ² Ë`m
_wbrbm Ë`m§Zr Ë`mÀ`m hmVyZ IoMyZ KoVbo. Ë`mMr AmB©hr
AmVm {VW§ `oD$Z aSy> bmJbr hmoVr. _J {VZ§ Ë`mMm hmV
nH$S>bm AZ² Ë`mbm KoD$Z Vr KamV Ambr. d{S>bm§Zr
{VW§M gm§JyZ Q>mH$b§ H$s CÚm Ë`mbm KoD$Z Vo doS>çm§À`m
hm°pñnQ>b_Ü`o OmVrb.
Amnë`m AMoVZ _ZmV S>mHo $mdyZ nmhVmZm gwZrbbm
dmQ>b,§ H$Xm{MV hr _wbJr åhUOo _mÂ`m gwßV _ZmÀ`m AmV
XS>bbo m _mÂ`m _wbm~ÔbMr _mPr H$ënZm Agmdr. H$meZr
{Od§V AgVr Va Vo _yb EdT>§M, `m g\o$X \«$m°H$dmë`m
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 65
_wbrEdT>M§ AgV§. H$meZr H$m _obr? AZ² Vr {d{ha?
gwZrbÀ`m nm`mImbMr dmQ> AmVm Ë`m OwÝ`m
{d{harOdi `oD$Z g§nbr hmoVr. gwZrb Ë`m {d{harH$S>o nmhÿ
bmJbm.
gwZrbbm AmR>db§, bmoH$ gm§JV hmoVo H$s H$meZrZ§
~mamXardmë`m OwÝ`m, nS>Š`m {d{harV CS>r _mabr hmoVr.
hrM Vr {d{ha Agmdr H$s AmUIr Xwgar Hw$R>br {dhra?
gwZrbZ§ AmOw~mOybm nm{hb§. \$ŠV PmS>oM PmS>o AZ² Ë`m
PmS>m§Mr PaUmar {ndir nmZo! AZ² Ë`mbm AmR>db§ H$s
~mamXar Ë`mÀ`m KamÀ`m _mJÀ`m _w»` añË`mÀ`m nbrH$S>o
Amho. H$Xm{MV hm añVmhr VmoM Agmdm AZ² ~mamXardmbr
hr {d{hahr {VM§ Agmdr. H$mhr jUmgmR>r H$m hmoBZ© m, nU
Ë`mbm Amnë`m gd© ^mdZm em§V Pmë`mgma»`m dmQ>ë`m.
Ë`mbm OmUdb§ ImobrV AñdñW hmoD$Z Ë`mÀ`m Á`m
`oaPmè`m Mmbm`À`m, Ë`m Zo_Š`m `m ~mamXardmë`m
emoYmgmR>rM MmbV Agmì`mV.
AZ² hm añVm Va EH$X_ OdiMm. \$ŠV gmVeodrg
nmdbm§Mm. AmO Ë`mZ§ àË`oH$ nmD$b _moOb§ hmoV§. EHy$U
gmVeodrg nmdb§- AmnU `mnydu BW§ H$m Ambmo Zmhr, hm
(nmZ H«$. 52 dê$Z... {Vgam œmg)
hmVm§Zr ImQ>b o m nH$Sy>Z CR>Ê`mMm à`ËZhr Ho$bm nU Xwgè`mM
jUr Ë`mMo XmoÝhr hmV ImQ>oÀ`m Imbr bm|~H$iy bmJbo.
bmoH$ Amnë`m Amnë`m OmJrM Wm§~bo. Ho$di
EH$XmoZ nmo{bg Am°{\$gg©Zr nwT>o hmoD$Z Ë`mbm hbdbo.
nU Xwgè`mM jUr Vo naV Jobo.. _§{Ì_hmoX`m§À`m JmS>rer
OmD$Z Ë`m§À`mer ~moby bmJbo. BVahr H$mhr bmoH$
JmS>çm§_YyZ CVê$Z Ë`m§À`mOdi Jobo.
g_moa nwbmda O_boë`m JXuV AñdñWVm ngabr.
bmoH$ bmb {\$V nma H$ê$Z, OdiÀ`m _mVrÀ`m {T>Jmè`mda
CVê$Z, \$mQ>H$mÀ`m {XeoZo `oD$ bmJbo. H$mhr bmoH$ \$mQ>H$
Amobm§Sy>Z Ë`mÀ`m {XeoZo {ZKmbo.
\$mQ>H$mÀ`m XmoÝhr ~Oybm Q´>{° \$H$ dmT>VM hmoVm. dmhZm§À`m
bm§~À`m bm§~ am§Jm bmJë`m hmoË`m. H$mhr bmoH$ Amnë`m
JmS>çm didy bmJbo.. hm°Z© dmOdy bmJbo.. Ë`mMm n[aUm_
Agm Pmbm H$s, XmoÝhrH$S>o Q´>{° \$H$ Om_ hmoD$ bmJbm. EH$XmoZ
nmo{bg A{YH$mar nwT>o Pmbo. Ë`m§Zr Q´>{° \$H$ H§$Q´>mb o H$am`Mm
à`ËZ Ho$bm. nU Vo n[apñWVr gm§^miy eH$bo ZmhrV.
Vmon`ªV XmoÝhr ~mOyÀ`m Q´>°{\$H$À`m bmB©ZrVyZ _mJoM,
bmoH$m§Zr Amnmnë`m JmS>çm didm`bm gwédmV Ho$br.
66 n gm{hË`
EH$M àý Ë`mbm N>iV hmoVm.
""VarM XaamoO amÌr ~mhoaÀ`m q^VrOdi Hw$UmMm
Var AmdmO EoHy$ `m`Mm. Vmo AmdmO Hw$UmMm, ho H$mhr
H$im`M§ Zmhr. nU AmO _mÌ Vmo AmdmO _bm AmoiIy
Ambm`. _r AmoiIbm` Vmo AmdmO-XaamoO H$meZr _bm
hmH$ _mam`Mr- gwZr ~m~y!''
Vmo nwT>o gaH$bm. nwT>o `oD$Z Ë`mZo {d{harV S>mHo $mdyZ
nmøb§. {d{harVyZ H$meZrÀ`m H$mMoÀ`m ~m§JS>çm§Mm
{H$U{H$UmQ> Ë`mbm EoHy$ Ambm. Ë`mZ§ hmH$ _mabr-
""H$meZr@@''
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Agr_ em§VrZ§ Ë`mbm Koê$Z KoVb§ hmoV.§ AZoH$ dfmªZr Kar
naVë`mMr Vr ^mdZm hmoVr AZ² Ë`mÀ`m Kar Ë`mMr ~m`H$mo
AZ² Ë`mM§ ~mi Ë`mMr dmQ> nmhmV hmoVo.
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hgU§ EoH$b§ AZ² PmS>o Amnë`m nmZm§gmaIrM WaWê$ bmJbr.
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Ë`mVrb H$mhr bmoH$ Zì`m nwbmda Ambo. EH$XmoZ {VH$S>o
OmUmaM hmoVo. BVŠ`mV XmoÝhr ~mOyZo nyb nma H$am`Mr
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ImQ>oÀ`m ~mhoa PwbV hmoVo. Mma nmoa§ AmOw~mOybm C^§ amhÿZ
Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o nhmV hmoVr.
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 VobwJw gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX :
AZwdmX åhUOo AZwg¥OZ
S>m°. bú_rZmam`U ~moëbr
_r VobJw w ^mfH$. _mPr _mV¥^mfm VobJw w Va JmÌ^mfm
_amR>r. Jim VobwJwMm {Z bim _amR>rMm. _mÂ`m EH$m
A^§JmV _r, _amR>r {df`rMr H¥$VkVm Aer ì`ŠV Ho$br
Amho. `mM H¥$VkVonmoQ>r _r AZwdmX boIZ H$arV AgVmo
a§Y«r a§Y«r _mÂ`mŸ& Am§Y«r ^mfm Oar
"_§Ð JrV CarŸ& _amR>rMoŸ&&
_amR>rMo PmSŸ&> hmoD${Z AídËW
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{XZamV dmhoŸ& _Zr B§Ðm`UrŸ&
Am{UH$ bmoMZrŸ& kmZXodŸ&&
kmZXodmo _mPmŸ& Eogm hmo lra§JwŸ&
bmoiVmo Vob§JwŸ& nm`r Ë`mÀ`mŸ&&'
ho gm§ J Ê`mMo VmËn`© åhUOo "_r AZw d mXmbm
AZwg¥OZ g_OVmo. Vr EH$ Añgb AX²^yV Zd{Z{_©VrM
AgVo. Agmdr, Agm AmJ«hhr Amho.
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bo I ZmMm KmQ>, Ame`, {df`, A{^ì`ŠVr Am{U
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AZwdm{XV gm{hË`mV AJXr ~ahþHw$_ CVabm VaM Ë`mbm
CÎm_ AZwdmX åhUVm `oB©b. AZwdmXmgmR>r Ho$di XmoZ
^mfoMo kmZ AgyZ Cn`moJmMo Zmhr Va Ë`m XmoZ ^mfm§da,
AZwdmXH$mMr hm{X©H$ hþHw$_V Agmdr bmJVo. àg§Jr
ñd`§à{V^oZ,o ñdV§Ì boIZ H$aUo gmono AgVo, na§Vw AZwdmX
H$aUo hr Jmoï> gmonr Zmhr. "EH$hr W|~ Imbr Z gm§S>Vm,
EH$m Hw$nrVbo AÎma, Xwgè`m Hw$nrV AmoVUo' {OVHo$
AdKS>, {VVHo$M AZwdmX boIZ H$aUo AdKS> Amho.
EH§$XarV ñdV:À`m nXaMo Z KmbVm, _wimVbo Z
gmoS>Vm _yi g§{hVoVbr Iw_mar, hr Añgb dmQ>mdr BVŠ`m
_mohH$VoZ,o à{V^oZo AZwdmXH$mbm \w$bdmdr bmJVo. "àË`j
gwX§ a H$s à{V_mgwX§ a' Agm g§^_« dmMH$m§Zm nS>mdm. BWn`ªV
AZwdmXH$mbm l_ H$amdo bmJVmV. `mgmR>r Imbrb
~m~tMm Aä`mg Am{U {dMma hmoUo AË`mdí`H$ Amho.
gdm©V _hÎdmMr n{hbr ~m~ åhUOo AZwdmX boIZ
ho _yi ^mfoVë`m g§{hVodê$Z H$amdo. ho _mPo AË`§V AmJ«hr
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 67
_V Amho. EH$m ^mfoVZy , Xwgè`m ^mfoV Jobëo `m AZwdm{XV
g§{hVoMm nwZa©Zdw mX, AZwdmX ^mfoVë`m g§{hVoMm AZwdmX,
Xwgè`m ^mfoV hmoV AgVmZm, H$mhr A§emZo H$m hmoBZ© m, {VMr
JwUdÎmm H$_r Pmbobr AgVo. _yi g§{hVoVbm ZmX, b`
(bhoOm) Ë`mVbr gyú_ gm¢X`©ñWio, AZwdmXmV nyU©V:
C_Q>br Jobr AgVrbM Ago Zmhr, Voìhm JwUbjUm§Zr
KQ>bëo `m Aem AZwdmXmMm, nwZa©Zdw mX H$aÊ`mV H$m` _Vb~
Amho. Á`mà_mUo H$m~©Z dmnê$Z H$mJXmda {bhrV H$mhr àVr
H$mT>V AgVmZm, n{hbr H$m~©ZàV {OVH$s R>iH$ Am{U JS>X
C_Q>Vo, Ver Xwgar-{Vgar àV C_Q>V Zmhr. Vr AË`§V
Añnï> Am{U dmMZmbm A`mo½` Aer AgVo. AJXr AgoM
AZwdmXH$mMo AgVo. VmËn`© AZwdmX _yi ^mfoVë`m
g§{hVodê$ZM H$amdm, åhUOoM Vmo AZwdmX agaerV, Ame`
CÝZV Am{U _yi g§{hVoÀ`m, A{YH$ Odi OmUmam, Ý`m`
XoUmam, àm_m{UH$ Agm Amdí`H$ Amho.
Xwgar _hÎdmMr ~m~ åhUOo, H$mhr boIH$, boIZ
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ñdV:Mo MwH$sMo CÀMma V`ma H$aVmV Am{U dmnaVmV.
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hmoVmZm, Amnë`m _hmamï´>mVë`m n¡R>U ehamMm CëboI
"nm`R>mU' Agm Ho$bm OmVmo `mbm H$maU VobJw Vw hm eãX,
B§JO« rVë`m ñnoqbJdê$Z åhUOo 'PAITHAN' `mdê$Z KoVmV.
VobJw Vw "n¡' hm eãX Zmhr Agm Zmhr, nU Ë`m§Zm "B§JO « r'
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_hmË_m Jm§YrOrÀ`m g§X^m©V "ZWwam_ JmoS>g'o Mm CëboI hmoVmo.
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ZmdmMm gU Am§Ym« V àm_w»`mZo gmOam hmoVmo Ag§ {b{hbo
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(`wJ + Am{X) Agm Amho. EH§$XarV AZwdmX H$aVmZm _yi
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CS>dUmam AZwdmX H$aVm H$m_m Z`o.
68 n gm{hË`
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gm{hË`, AZwdmX H$aUma, Ë`m ^mfoMr g§ñH¥$Vr, Ë`m
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gUdma, d«Vd¡H$ë`o, Ab§H$ma Am^wfUo AmXr ~m~tMr
gw`mo½` _m{hVr AZwdmXH$mbm Agm`bm hdr. CXmhaUmW©
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gm§ñH¥${VH$ na§nam, `m gUmMm VoWrb g_mOOrdZmdaMm
R>gm, `m Jmoï>r _amR>r AZwdmXH$mbm H$im`bm hì`mV.
Vgo M _amR>rVy Z Vo b w J w V OmVmZm Amnbo ^mD$~rO,
gr_moëb§KZ `m Jmoï>r Ë`m§Zm A{Z{^k AmhoV, `mMr
gm§ñH¥${VH$ _hÎmm Ë`m§Zm R>mD$H$ ZgVo. EH§$XarV VobwJw
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AgVmo. ho bjmV KoD$Z AZwdmXH$mbm H$m`© H$amdo bmJVo.
hr _m{hVr `mo½` VèhoZo {b{hbr VaM, dmMH$ {^ÝZ
g§ñH¥$VrMm AmË_r`VoZo AmñdmX KoD$ eH$Vmo.
AmVm Mm¡Wr ~m~ åhUOo _yi gm{hË`mV dmnabr
Jobobr ^mfm H$moUVr Amho? `mMmhr {dMma AZwdmXH$mbm
H$amdm bmJVmo. _yi g§{hVoVbr ^mfm ZmJar H$s J«m_rU?
`mMm {dMma H$ê$ZM Ë`mÀ`m AZwdmXmMr ^mfm R>admdr
bmJVo. Eo{Vhm{gH$ H$mimVbr ^mfm, OmZnX e¡brMr
^mfm, ehar OrdZmVbr, JmdHw$gm~mhoaMr, l{_H$ H$m_Jma
dJm©Mr ^mfm, ehar, J«m_rU `m ^mfm§~amo~aM J«m§{WH$
^mfm, ~mobr^mfm Aem ^mfoVë`m {d{dY n[aUm_H$maH$
N>Q>mÀ§ `m ^mfoMr OmU AZwdmXH$mbm CÎm_ Agmdr bmJVo.
åhUOoM _yi ^mfoVbo gm{hË`, OUy AmaemV à{Vq~{~V
hmoD$Z {Xgmdo. EH§$XarV ñdÀN> d àm_m{UH$ AZwdmX CVaUo
JaOoMm Amho.
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CXmhaU nhm- VobJw w àm§VmV, ñÌrÀ`m ZmH$mVë`m _moaUrbm
AZÝ`gmYmaU Ago _hÎd Amho . hr _mo a Ur åhUOo
gwdm{gZrÀ`m Jù`mVbo OUy _§JigyÌM hmo`. H$moUrhr
VobwJw ñÌr, àg§Jr àmU XoB©b, nU Amnë`m ZmH$mVbr
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"nma§n[aH$ lÕm' nyU©V: _m{hV Agm`bm hdr. VobwJw
g§VH$dr do_Zm hm nydm©`îw `mV N>X§ r\§$Xr {dbmgr AgVmo. Vmo
VéUd`mV doí`mJ_Zrhr AgVmo. Ooìhm {dœXm ZmdmMr
do í `m, do _ ZmH$S>o _mV¥ g _mZ Agbo ë `m d{hZrÀ`m
ZmH$mVë`m _moaUrMr _mJUr H$aVo, Voìhm do_Zm ~XbyZ
OmVmo. ^moJrMm `moJr hmoVmo. {dœH$dr do_Zm hmoVmo. ^moJr
Agboë`m do_Zmbm `moJr ñWmZmn`ªV nmohmoMdUmè`m Ë`m
{dœXm ZmdmÀ`m doí`obm, hm do_Zm Amnë`m JwéñWmZr
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{b{hbr AmhoV. Vr Amoi VobwJwV Aer `oVo-
"{dœXm{^am_m {dZwa do`m'
`mMm _r _amR>r AZwdmX Agm Ho$bm "{dœXm{^am_m
EoH$ ao do`m'. do_ZmMo ho Mma AmoirMo dMZ åhUOo Ë`mMm
Vmo AmË_g§dmX Amho. n{hë`m XmoZ AmoirV AmVbm do_Zm
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OJmVë`m AZoH$ ^mfoV AZwdmXbr Jobr AmhoV. ho gmao
_hmZmQ>ç KS>m`bm "_moaUr' ZmdmMm Ab§H$ma H$maUr^yV
R>aVmo, åhUyZ AZwdmXH$mbm Am^wfUm_mJMr, glÕ na§nam
R>mD$H$ Agm`bm hdr.
ho Pmbo JÚ AZwdmXm~ÔbMo {ddoMZ, AmVm Oam
AmnU nÚmZwdmXmH$S>o diy`mV, H$mì`mZwdmX H$aVmZm
AZwdmXH$mbm _yi H${dVoMo d¥Îm, Ë`mMo AmH¥${V~§Y ñdê$n,
Ame` {díbo f U `mM~amo ~ a H${dVo V bo eãXgm¢ X `© ,
AW©gm¢X`©, ^mdgm¢X`©, ZmXgm¢X`©, Ë`mVbr doYUmar
ZmQ>ç_`Vm, S>mù o `m§g_moa {M{ÌV hmoUmar {MÌ_`Vm, àg§Jr
eãXm§À`m n{bH$S>o OmUdUmam AW© (Between the
lines) H${dVoVbo AÜ`mË_ `m gmè`m ~m~r, AZwdm{XV
H${dVoV MnIbnUo CVadVm `m`bm hì`mV, H${dVm
åhUOo KmJa_o gmJa Vo ì hm Vr Vo d T> ç mV VmH$XrZo ,
n[anyU©VoZo, Jm§^r`m©Zo AZwdm{XV hmoUo AË`mdí`H$ Amho.
EImÚm H$drMr EH$ Img e¡br AgVo. Vr VobwJwV
àm_w»`mZo Amho. `mMm AZwdmXH$mZo ZrQ> {dMma H$am`bm
hdm. CXmhaUmW© VobwJwVë`m g§V do_ZmZo, Amnë`m
dMZmgmR>r "AmQ>dobXr' ho d¥Îm dmnabo Amho. ho d¥Îm
Ajad¥Îm AgyZ Amnë`m _amR>rVë`m A^§J d¥Îmmer
OwiUmam Amho. Ë`m_wio _r do_ZmÀ`m eoH$S>mo dMZmMm
_amR>r AZwdmX, A^§Jd¥ÎmmV Ho$bm Amho. Ë`m_wio VobwJw
OmUUmam _amR>r dmMH$ `m AZwdmXmZo AË`§V g§Vwï> hmoVmo.
ì`mH$aU
AZwdmXH$mbm Ho$di A§V:H$aU AgyZ MmbV Zmhr,
Va Ë`mbm C^` ^mfoMo ì`mH$aUhr ZrQ> R>mD$H$ AgUo
JaOoMo Amho. _bm _mÂ`m {df`mnwaVo (VobJw w _amR>r{df`r)
~mobm`Mo Pmë`mg `m XmoZ ^mfoVbo ì`mH$aU AË`§V {^ÝZ
Amho. VobwJwV àW_ nwéf d {ÛVr` nwéf `m§ZmM qbJ
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Ho$bm OmVmo. CXmhaUmW© _amR>rV "Vmo ~¡b' Agob Va
VobwJwV ñÌrqbJr ê$nmVM Ë`m ~¡bmMo g§~moYZ hmoVo. Ogo
B§J«OrVë`m "BQ>'à_mUo. Amnë`m _amR>rV {ZOud dñVy§Zm
XoIrb qbJ AmhoV. CXmhaUmW© Vmo añVm, Vr dmQ>, Vmo
{Xdg, Vr amÌ, Vmo ãbmD$O, Vr gmS>r, Vo Q>~o b, Vr IwMu
na§Vw VobwJwV dñVy§Zm Am{U àW_ nwéf, {ÛVr` nwéf `m§Zm
dJiyZ gmè`m§Mo g§~moYZ ñÌrqbJ ê$nmVM g§~mo{Yë`m
OmVmV. Ë`m_wio AZwdmXH$mbm, AZwdmX H$amd`mÀ`m ^mfoMo
ì`mH$aUkmZ CÎm_ AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
Cn_m
_amR>rV ñÌrgm¢X`m©Mo dU©Z H$aVmZm Mm\o$H$ir ZmH$,
S>mqi~r AmoR>, _moË`mgmaIo XmV AmXr Cn_m AmnU _mohH$VoZo
dmnaVmo na§Vw VobJw Vw AZwdmX H$aVmZm `m g§X^m©Vbo eãX
doJio AmhoV, `mMr _m{hVr AZwdmXH$mbm A{YH$ àJë^VoZo
Agm`bm hdr. AÝ`Wm AZwdmX hmñ`mnX hmoBb © .
`mMà_mUo _amR>rVë`m AmOrÀ`m Vm|S>Mo ZmVdmbm
CÔoeyZ `oUmao H$m¡VwH$mMo eãX CXmhaUmW© am§S>oÀ`m, qeÀ`m
qH$dm ñÌr gwb^ bÁOoZo `oUmao Aæ`m, Bíe ho eãX
AZwdmXH$mbm, eãXH$moe nmhÿZ H$aVm `oV ZmhrV. àË`oH$
^mfoV Ago bS>rdmi eãX AgVmV. VobwJwV `oUmao doYd,
Xm|JmZm H$moS>w H$w AmXr eãX doJio AW© gm§JUmao bmKdr eãX
AmhoV. `mMo kmZ AZwdmXH$mbm AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
{ÛAWu eãX
_amR>rV H$drloð> J{X_m§Mr EH$ aMZm Amho-
"{\$aË`m MmH$mdaVr, Xoer _mVrbm AmH$ma
{dÇ>bm Vy doS>m Hw§$^maŸ&&'
`m AmoitMm gai AW© KoVë`mg "{dÇ>b ZmdmMm
EH$ Hw§$^ma Amho. Vmo Amnë`mg_moaÀ`m MmH$mbm {\$adV,
_mVrMo KS>o V`ma H$aVmo Amho . AmVm hrM aMZm
AÜ`mpË_H$ AWm©Zo OmUyZ KoVë`mg Ë`mMm AW© \$ma
doJim {ZKVmo. `mbm "eãXm§À`m n{bH$S>bo' Ago AmnU
åhUVmo, Vmo AW© Agm hmoVmo-
"{dÇ>b åhUOo Vmo na_oœa, Vmo `m H$mbMH«$mbm
{\$adV Ë`mda _mUgm§Mo _mVrMo KS>o V`ma H$aVmo Amho. hm
Xoh Zída Vgm _mVrMm KS>mhr jU^§Jya ZídaM åhUyZ
_mUgmZo Amnbm Ah§H$ma {_ady Z`o. XodmÀ`m boIr AmnU
jwÐ Am{U Zmed§V AmhmoV Aem {ÛAWuÀ`m AÜ`mpË_H$
aMZm VobJw Vw {dnwb AmhoV. EH§$XarV eãXmn{bH$S>bm AW©
emoYyZ AZwdmX H$am`bm hdm.
gm_mÝ`nUo EH$m ^mfoVbo gm{hË` Xwgè`m ^mfoV
AZw d mX H$aVmZm ¿`md`mÀ`m H$miOrMm hm EH$
R>mHo $Vmim. AZwdmX H$aVmZm `mhr Cßna gm§Jm`Mo Pmë`mg,
Vmo EH$ naH$m`màdoe Amho. Vr EH$ AX²^yV Zd{Z{_©VrM
AgVo. EdT>o _mÌ ZŠH$s.
lll
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 69
 AZwdmX - EH$ g¥OZmË_H$ AZw^d
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{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 75
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AàñVwVhr dmQ>Vmo. Oa AZwdmXH$mbm H$mhrM ñdmV§Í`
Zgo b Va gd© AZw d mX gmaIo M Pmbo AgVo . qH$dm
H$m°ß`wQ>abmhr b{bV gm{hË`mMm AZwdmX H$aU§ eŠ` Pmb§
AgV§. Vg§M AZwdmXmV JwUdÎmoMm àýM CnpñWV Pmbm
ZgVm. AZwdmXmgmR>r H$bmH¥$Vr {ZdS>VmZm Ë`mbm g§nyU©
ñdmV§Í` AgV§. Ë`mZ§Va AZwdmXH$mÀ`m ñdmV§Í`mbm ~§YZ§
`oVmV. hr ~§YZ§ {dMmamda AgVmV. Amnë`m ^mfoV Vr
H$bmH¥$Vr nmoMdVmZm ^mfoÀ`m g§X^m©V Ë`mbm H$mhr
à_mUmV ñdmV§Í` Agb§ Var Vo AË`§V O~m~XmarZ§ dmnab§
VaM AZwdmXmMr {dœmgmh©Vm H$m`_ amhÿ eH$Vo.
AZwdmX Am{U g_rjm hmhr EH$ _hÎdmMm {df`
Amho. nadm-nadmn`ªV AZwdmXmH$S>o gme§H$VoZ§ ~{KVb§
Om`M§. Ë`m_wio g_rjH$ `mnmgyZ XyaM amhm`Mo. "Amåhmbm
_yi ^mfm `oV Zmhr, _J H$er g_rjm H$aUma?' Ag§
Ë`m§M§ åhUU§ hmoV.§ nU AbrH$S>o _mÌ Vg§ KS>VmZm {XgV
Zmhr. "AZwdm{XV nwñVH$mdaMr g_rjm' Ag§ åhUVmV. Ë`m
`moJo AZwdmXH$mda {dœmg R>odVmV Am{U AZwdmXH$mbm
O~m~Xmarhr ¿`m`bm bmdVmV.
AZwdmX H$aVm H$aVm _rhr dmT>bo Amho. {d{dY
boIH$ AZwdm{XV Ho$ë`m_wio ì`pŠV_Îd EH$maÊ`mÀ`m
YmoŠ`mVyZ dmMbo. ^¡aßnm§M§ ^maVr`Ëd, H$ma§VmM§ _mZdr`Ëd
_bm AmH$iy bmJb§. H$Q>nmS>tÀ`m H$Wm§_YyZ _wgb_mZ
g_mOmH$S>o ~Km`Mm Ñ{ï>H$moZ ~Xbbm. Zm. _moJgbr-
_mV¥gÎmmH$ nÕVr{df`r g_Ob§, Vrhr EH$ ^maVmV
ApñVËdmV Agbobr OrdZnÕVr g_Obr. H$mZm©S>m§Zr
76 n gm{hË`
bmoH$H$Wm§Mr lr_§Vr XmIdbr. AZ§V_yVvZr Amnë`mM
g_mOmVë`m {dg§JVtda ~moQ> R>odb§. ho AZwdmX H$aVm-
H$aVm _rhr lr_§V hmoV Jobo.
AZwdmXm_wio _r EH$m§Jr amhÿ eH$bo Zmhr. _bm
H$ma§Vm§Zr XodmMr H$ënZm g_OmdyZ gm§{JVbr. ^¡aßnm§Zr `m
g_mOmV {eaboë`m H$mhr {dH¥$Vt{df`rhr gm§{JVb§.
Ë`mMà_mUo ^maVr`Ëd Am{U qhXy Y_m©Vrb {Ma§Va Mm§Jë`m
Jmoï>t{df`rhr gm§{JVb§. X{jU H$ÝZS> {OëømVë`m ñÌr-
{MÌUmVyZ d¡Xho r Am{U H$ma§Vm§Zr ñÌrÀ`m A§V:gm_Ï`m©M§ Xe©Z
KS>db§. VoOñdr `m§Zr {ZgJm©er _mZdmMm Agbobm g§~Y§
Am{U AmYw{ZH$ IoS>çm{df`r gm§{JVb§. H$Q>nmS>r `m§Zr
^maVr` _wgb_mZ Hw$Qw>~§ Am{U Ë`mVbr gwI-§ Xw:I§ XmIdbr.
gwédmVrMr H$mhr dfª _r BVH$s AZwdmXà{H«$`oV
Jw§Vbo hmoVo H$s, _r BVa Hw$UmMmhr AZwdmX dmMy eH$V
ZìhVo. Ë`mM§ _yë`_mnZ H$ê$ eH$V ZìhVo. AZwdm{XV
nw ñ VH$ E§ O m° ` H$ê$ eH$V ZìhVo . H$maU n{hë`m
dmŠ`mnmgyZM _mÂ`mVbm AZwdmXH$ OmJ¥V Ago. hiyhiy
Vo H$_r hmoV Job.§ Joë`m H$mhr dfm©V _r AZwdm{XV nwñVH$
Hw $ R>ë`mhr AS>Wù`m{edm` dmMy eH$Vo . Ë`m Ë`m
AZwdmXH$mM§ ñdmV§Í` _mÝ` H$ê$Z.
àË`oH$ nwñVH$mÀ`m g§X^m©V _mPr AZwdmXm{df`rMr
_Vo hiy h iy ~XbV Jo b r Amho V . gw é dmVrbm H$mhr
~m~VrV AmJ«hr hmoVo. AmOhr _r AZwdmX H$aVmZm H$mhr
_Vo R>m_ AmhoV. nU H$mhr AZwdmX dmMVmZm AmJ«h {T>bo
nS>VmV. VmËn`© EdT>M o , AZwdmX ho Ho$di emñÌ Zmhr. Vr
H$bmhr Agë`m_wio Ë`m g§X^m©V H$mhr R>moH$Vmio ~ZdVm
`oVrb Ag§ _bm AmOVar dmQ>V Zmhr.
EHy$UM g¥OZmË_H$Vm Zoh_rM XmoZ nmVirda H$m_
H$aV AgVo. _ZmV Am{U àË`j gmXarH$aUmÀ`m doir.
AZwdmXH$ boIH$mMr H$bmH¥$Vr Amnbr åhUyZ ñdrH$maVmo
Am{U gmXa H$aVmZm Amnë`m g¥OZeŠVrbm AmdmhZ
H$aVmo . Ë`mVy Z AZw d m{XV H¥ $ Vr OÝ_ Ko V o . Vr OÝ_
KoVmZm AZwdmXH$mÀ`m ì`pŠV_ÎdmVb§ ~i emofZy OÝ_mbm
`oVo.
AZw d mXH$mbm EH$ g¥ O ZmË_H$ AZw ^ d Am{U
AmZ§Xhr XoD$Z OmVo.
lll
 ~§JmbrVyZ AZwdmX H$aVmZm
Ambobo AZw^d
{dbmg {JVo

~§Jmbr ^mfm _r Hw$R>ë`mhr Šbmgbm OmD$Z {_idyZ Ë`m§Mo H°$Q>bm°½O _mJdV Jobmo. Hw$R>br nwñVHo$
{eH$bmo Zmhr. ~§Jmbr Am_À`m KamVM hmoVr. _mPo dmMmdrV `mMm gëbm _bm H$bH$Î`mÀ`m drUm Ambmgo
AmOmo~m ZmoH$ar{Z{_ÎmmZo ~§Jmb_Ü`o Jobo hmoVo. {Zd¥Îm nÌm§Ûmao XoV AgV. Vr nwñVHo$ _mJdyZ _r ~§Jmbr dmMm`bm
Pmë`mZ§Va Vo Amnë`m _yi Jmdr åhUOo Ah_XZJabm gwédmV Ho$br.
naV Ambo. _mÂ`m OÝ_mAmYrM Ë`m§Mo {ZYZ Pmbo hmoVo.
AmOrbm _mÌ H$m_MbmD$ ~§Jmbr `oV hmoVr. bhmZnUr Vr n{hbm AZwdmX :
"~§JmbrV `mbm A_wH$ åhUVmV, Ë`mbm V_wH$ åhUVmV' ~§JmbrVyZ _r n{hë`m§Xm _amR>rV AZwdmX Ho$bm, Vmo
Ago gm§JV Ago. gË`{OV am` `m§À`m "OmoImoZ N>moQ>mo {N>bm_' (Ooìhm [_r]
Z§ V a, _mÜ`{_H$ emio V Jo ë `mda H$mH$m N>mQo >m hmoVmo) `m nwñVH$mMm, Voìhm ~§Jmbr doJmZo dmMVm `oV
H$mbo b H$am§ À `m "adrÝÐ drUm', "adrÝÐ P§ H $ma' `m Zgo. Ë`m_wio Vo N>mQo >o 70 n¥ð>mM§ o nwñVH$ AmYr _r ~§JmbrVyZ
nwñVH$m§VyZ JrVm§ObrVrb JrVm§Mr ZmJarVbr {bß`§Vao ZmJar {bnrV {bß`§ VarV Ho$bo Am{U _J Ë`mMm AZwdmX
dmMbr Am{U hr ^mfm AmnU {eH$br nm{hOo Ago dmQy> Ho$bm. Z§Va gd`rZo _bm ~§Jmbr {bnr ZmJarBVŠ`mM
bmJbo. ghOnUo dmMVm `oD$ bmJbr. Xaå`mZ _r ~§Jmbr-B§p½be
Z§Va, H$m°bOo _Ü`o Joë`mda ~§Jmbr àH$meH$m§Mo nÎmo eãXH$moehr _mJdyZ KoVbm hmoVm. _r Ho$bobm hm n{hbm

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 77

AZwdmX nmR>çnwñVH$ _§S>imÀ`m "{H$emoa' `m _m{gH$mV hñV{b{IV _mÂ`mH$S>o Úm. _r Vo àH$m{eV H$aVmo.'
H«$_e: àH$m{eV Pmbm. Vmo àH$meZmgmR>r XoÊ`mg§X^m©V Aem àH$mao "adrÝÐZmWm§À`m ghdmgmV' ho nwñVH$
gË`{OV am` `m§ Z r _bm AZw _ Vr nmR>dbr hmo V r. àH$m{eV Pmbo Am{U Ë`mda Iyn Mm§Jbr narjUo Ambr.
"{H$emoa'À`m A§H$m_Ybo Ë`m§À`m nwñVH$mÀ`m AZwdmXmMo `m nwñVH$mbm 1993 gmbMm gm{hË` AH$mX_rMm "amï´>r`
àñVwVrH$aU, _m§S>Ur, gOmdQ> AmdS>ë`mMohr Ë`m§Zr _bm AZw d mX nw a ñH$ma' {_imbm. (_§ ½ ny V o adrÝÐZmW' `m
nÌmÛmao H$idbo. nwñVH$mbm _amR>rV _r "adrÝÐZmWm§À`m ghdmgmV' ho erf©H$
Z§Va _J _r gË`{OV am` `m§À`mM "EH$ S>PZ {Xbo hmoVo. _§½ny `m CÎma ~§Jmb_Yë`m Jmdr _¡Ìo`r XodrMo
Jßnmo', "E~mamo ~mamo', "~¡bmgo ~ob~| mar', "J§JQ>mHo $o J§S>Jmob',
Ka hmoVo. Amnë`m Am`wî`mÀ`m AIoaÀ`m H$mhr dfmªV
"àmo\o$ga e§~y', "Anya nm§Mmbr' BË`mXr nwñVH$m§Mo AZwdmX adrÝÐZmW Xadfu _¡Ìo`r XodtÀ`m Kar H$mhr {Xdg nmhþUo
Ho$bo. Ë`mgmR>r àH$meH$ H$go {_imbo `mMrhr _Ooera åhUyZ `oV AgV. Ë`mdoir Ë`m§Zr {d{dY {df`m§da Á`m
H$hmUr Amho. Jßnm _maë`m, MMm© Ho$ë`m, Ë`m _¡Ìo`r XodtZr {bhÿZ
R>odë`m hmoË`m. Ë`m§Mo g§H$bZ åhUOoV "adrÝÐZmWm§À`m
gw O mVm AO` _hmOZ `m _mÂ`m {dÚm{W© Z r ghdmgmV' ho nwñVH$.)
nrEM.S>r. H$arV AgVmZm B§p½be ì`mH$aUmMr MMm©
H$aÊ`mgmR>r _mÂ`mH$S>o `oV AgV. _mÂ`mH$S>Mr gË`{OV ~§Jmbr : "O|S>abog b±½doO' :
am` `m§Mr nÌo nm{hë`mda Ë`m åhUmë`m, "_mÂ`m ^mdmbm Ë`mZ§Va _J _r ~è`mM ~§Jmbr nwñVH$m§Mo AZwdmX
àH$meZ-ì`dgm` gwê$ H$am`Mm Amho. Ë`mbm EImXm Ho $ bo . ho AZw d mX H$aVmZm _bm drUm Ambmgo ,
~§Jmbr H$Wmg§J«h _amR>rV AZwdm{XV H$ê$Z Úm.' Ë`m em§{V{ZHo$VZÀ`m H$bm^dZmMo àmMm`© {XZH$a H$m¡{eH$,
{Z{_ÎmmZo _r "EH$ S>PZ Jßnmo' `m H$Wmg§Jh« mMm "EH$ S>PZ ZJabm ñWm{`H$ Pmbobo _mPo ~§Jmbr{_Ì lr. àUrVHw$_ma
Jmoï>r' `m ZmdmZo AZwdmX H$ê$Z {Xbm. Vmo _hmOZ `m§Mo ~§Yy S>o `m§Mr _XV Pmbr.
ho_V§ Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr àH$m{eV Ho$bm. Vmo _mPo JwéVwë` Á`oð> AZwdmX H$aVmZm _bm ~§Jmbr eãXm§Mr Mm§Jbr
ñZohr àm. M§ÐH$m§V nmQ>rb `m§À`m_m\©$V ^mbM§Ð Zo_mS>o AmoiI Pmbr. H$mhr ~§Jmbr eãX _amR>r eãXm§gmaIoM
`m§À`mn`ªV nmoMbm. Agbo, Var Ë`m§Mm "~§JmbrV AW© _mÌ AJXr doJim
am. Zo_mS>o `m§Zr Vmo g§J«h dmMyZ H$m¡VwH$mMo nÌ hmoVmo. CXm. "gamgar' `m ~§Jmbr eãXmMm AW© "WoQ>' Agm
nmR>dbo d "`mM joÌmV _moR>o H$m_ H$am' Agm gëbm {Xbm. hmoVmo, "gamgar' `m _amR>r eãXmbm ~§JmbrV "JS>nS>Vm'
Ë`m§À`mM gm§JÊ`mdê$Z Am¡a§Jm~mXÀ`m gmHo$V àH$meZmMo Ago åhUVmV. "eãX' `m eãXmMm ~§JmbrV AW© hmoVmo
lr. ~m~m ^m§S> _mÂ`mH$S>o Ambo Am{U gË`{OV am` `m§À`m "AmdmO' Am{U "eãX' `m _amR>r eãXmbm ~§JmbrV
AmUIr H$mhr nwñVH$m§Mo AZwdmX _r "gmHo$V àH$meZm'gmR>r åhUVmV "H$Wm'! _amR>rV AmnU {Obm "H$Wm' åhUVmo,
H$amdoV Ago Ë`m§Zr gwMdbo. gË`{OV am` `m§À`m gJù`m {Vbm ~§JmbrV åhUVmV "Jën'! ~§JmbrV "{nUo' Ago
~§ J mbr nw ñ VH$m§ M m g§ M hr Ë`m§ Z r _mJdy Z _mÂ`mH$S> o {H«$`mnXM Zmhr. ~§Jmbr bmoH$ AÝZ, nmUr, {gJmaoQ> `m
gmondbm. Aem àH$mao _bm àH$meH$ {_iV Jobo. gJù`m Jmoï>r "ImVmV', AJXr Xmê$gwÕm!
~§Jmbr ^mfoMo gdm©V _moR>o d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo Ë`m
Xaå`mZ, "EH$ S>PZ Jmoï>r' `m nwñVH$mMo dmMH$m§Zr ^mfoV qbJì`dñWmM Zmhr. Ë`m_wio ~aoMXm ~§Jmbr
Mm§Jbo ñdmJV Ho$bo. Ë`m nwñVH$mÀ`m AmYr _r _¡Ì`o r Xodr ^mfoVrb nwñVHo$ dmMVmZm AÝ` ^m{fH$m§Mm Jm|Yi hmoD$
`m§À`m "_§½nyVo adrÝÐZmW' (_§½ny Jmdr adrÝÐZmW) `m eH$Vmo. _amR>rV Ogo "Vmo' Am{U "Vr' Aer gd©Zm_o AmhoV,
nwñVH$mMm AZwdmX nyU© H$ê$Z R>odbm hmoVm, nU Hw$Urhr {H«$`mnXm§Mo ê$n Á`mà_mUo H$Ë`m©à_mUo ~XbVo (CXm. Vmo
àH$meH$ Vo nwñVH$ àH$meZmgmR>r KoÊ`mg V`ma ZìhVm. Ambm, Vr Ambr) Ë`mà_mUo ~§JmbrV ~XbV Zmhr.
Voìhm "EH$ S>PZ Jmoï>r'Mo àH$meH$ åhUmbo, "ga, Á`m ~§JmbrV "Vmo' Am{U "Vr' `m XmoÝhr gd©Zm_m§gmR>r "go'
AWu "EH$ S>PZ Jmoï>r'Mo CÎm_ ñdmJV Pmbo, Ë`mAWu (CÀMma "eo') ho EH$M gd©Zm_ Amho. AmXamWu "{V{Z'
Vw_À`m `m Xwgè`m nwñVH$mMohr Mm§JboM ñdmJV hmoBb © . Vo Ago gd©Zm_ Amho. CXm. "{V{Z EboZ' `mMm AW© AmnU
78 n gm{hË`
"Vo (J¥hñW) Ambo' qH$dm "Ë`m (~mB©) Amë`m' Agm Aem doir _mPr ^oQ> S>m°. Jmo._m. ndma `m§À`mer
g§X^m©Zgw ma ¿`m`Mm AgVmo. "go Eb' (CÀMma : eo A°bmo') Pmbr. Ë`m§Zm _r _mPr hr AS>MU gm§{JVbr. Vo åhUmbo,
åhUOo "Vmo Ambm' qH$dm "Vr Ambr'. `m_wio B§p½be_Ü`o "Vwåhr Ë`m J«m_rU ~§JmbrVrb g§dmXm§Mo AZwdmX gmÜ`m
~§Jmbrbm 'genderless language' Ago åhUVmV, _amR>rV H$am, H$maU Ë`m ~§Jmbr H$mX§~arVrb nm̧ H$mhr
åhUOo "qbJì`dñWm Zgbobr ^mfm'. _mUXoer qH$dm _mbdUr _mUg§ ZmhrV. Vr ~§JmbÀ`m J«m_rU
`m_w i o gVmadmXH$ n§ . a{de§ H $a `m§ À `m ^mJmVbr nm̧ AmhoV. Vwåhr Oa CXmhaUmW© _mUXoer ~mobrV
AmË_M[aÌmMm AZwdmX H$aVmZm _mÂ`mH$Sy>Z AZdYmZmZo Ë`m g§dmXm§À`m AZwdmX Ho$bmV, Va hr _mUXoer _mUg§
EH$ MyH$ Pmbr. Ë`m§À`m "amJ AZwamJ' `m nwñVH$mV "Z§Va ~§Jmb_Ü`o H$er Ambr Agm _amR>r dmMH$m§Zm àý nSy>
"BßQ>m'_Ü`o aOZr nm_ XÎm `m§Mo ^mfU Pmbo.' Ago dmŠ` eH$Vmo. Voìhm AZwdmX Vwåhr gmÜ`m _amR>rV H$am, \$ŠV
hmoVo d `m aOZr nm_ XÎm `m§À`m~Ôb AmUIr H$mhr dmŠ`o AYyZ_YyZ EImXm J«m_rU _amR>rVbm eãX AZwdmXmV dmnarV
hmoVr. _r Ë`m dmŠ`m§Mm "Ë`m åhUmë`m', "Ë`m Amë`m' Om: åhUOo dmMH$m§Zm g_Oob H$s hr nm̧ ehar ^mfoV
Ago AZwdmX Ho$bo, H$maU "aOZr' `m Zmdm_wio Vr ì`ŠVr ~mobV ZmhrV, Va J«m_rU ~mobrV ~mobV AmhoV. gJù`mM
_{hbm Agmdr Ago _bm dmQ>bo. AZwdmXH$m§gmR>r hm IamoIa CÎm_ gëbm Amho. Voìhm, S>m.°
"amJ AZwamJ' hm _r Ho$bobm n§. a{de§H$a `m§À`m ndma `m§À`m gëë`mZwgma _r Ë`m g§dmXm§Mo gmÜ`m _amR>rV,
AmË_M[aÌmMm _amR>r AZwdmX àH$m{eV Pmbm, Voìhm _YyZ_YyZ J«m_rU eãX dmnê$Z AZwdmX Ho$bo.
"_hmamï´> Q>mBåg'_Ü`o Ë`mda CÎm_ narjU Ambo. \$ŠV
aOZr nm_ XÎm `m§À`m g§X^m©V narjUH$Ë`m©Zo {b{hbo hmoV,o
Ame` _amR>rV AmUVmZm :
"aOZr nm_ XÎm' ho H$å`w{ZñQ> njmMo EH$ _moR>o ZoVo hmoVo. _amR>rà_mUo ~§JmbrVhr AWm©VM AZoH$ dmŠàMma
AZwdmXH$Ë`m©Zo Ë`m§Mm CëboI ñÌrqbJr Ho$bm Amho.' AmhoV. Ë`m§Mm Ajae: AZwdmX Ho$ë`mg ~§JmbrVrb
AbrH$S>o B§Q>aZoQ>da nm{hë`mda H$ibo H$s Rajni Plame Ame` _amR>rV `oV Zmhr. CXm. "gmVoAmo Zm nm§Molr Zm'
Dutt ho B§½b§S>_Yrb EH$ _moR>o H$å`w{ZñQ> ZoVo hmoVo. Ë`m§Mo
`m dmŠàMmamMm Ame` "Hw$UmÀ`m AÜ`mV-_Ü`mV ZgUo'
dS>rb Cn|Ð XÎm ho ^maVr` hmoVo Va AmB© A°Zm nm_ `m Agm hmoVmo. \$ŠV AW© åhUyZ "Vmo Hw$UmÀ`m gmVmVhr Zmhr
{~«{Q>e hmoË`m. Ë`m_wio Vo AmB© d dS>rb Aem XmoKm§Mr Am{U nmMmVhr Zmhr' Agm AZwdmX H$aUo MwH$sMo R>aob.
AmS>Zmdo bmdrV. 1896 _Ü`o OÝ_boë`m aOZr XÎm `m§Mo _amR>rV Am{_f XmIdÊ`mbm "JmOa XmIdUo' Agm
1974 _Ü`o {ZYZ Pmbo. Agmo. dmŠàMma Amho, Va ~§JmbrV Ë`mbmM "_wbmo XoImZmo' (_wim
XmIdUo) Agm dmŠàMma Amho. ~§Jmbr dmŠ`mV Oa "_wbmo
J«m_rU ~mobrMm AZwdmX : XoImboZ' Ago Agob, Va Ë`mMm AZwdmX _r "_wim
gm{hË` AH$mXo_rgmR>r _r "{VñVmnmaoa d¥Îmm§V' XmIdbm' Agm Z H$aVm "JmOa XmIdbo' AgmM H$aVmo.
({VñVoH$mR>Mm d¥Îmm§V) `m Xodoe am` `m§À`m ~§Jmbr
H$mX§~arMm _amR>rV AZwdmX Ho$bm. `m H$mX§~arVrb ~§Jmb_Yrb ar{V[admO :
OdiOdi gd© g§dmX CÎma ~§Jmb_Yë`m J«m_rU ~mobrV àË`oH$ amÁ`mV AgVmV, Ë`mà_mUo ~§Jmb_Ü`o d
AmhoV. Amnë`m _hmamï´>mV Á`mà_mUo gmVmam, H$moëhmnya, ~§ J mbr g_mOm_Ü`o H$mhr ar{V[admO Amho V . Aem
dèhmS> B. ^mJm§_Yë`m _amR>rMo diU doJdoJio Amho, arV[admOm§Mm ~§Jmbr nwñVH$mV CëboI Agob, Va _r
Ë`mMà_mUo ~§ J mb_Yë`mhr do J do J ù`m ^mJm§ V ë`m Ë`mÀ`m~Ôb _mÂ`m ~§Jmbr {_Ìm§Zm {dMmaVmo Am{U Ë`m
~§JmbrMo diU doJdoJio Amho, J«m_rU ~mobr doJdoJù`m eãXmZ§Va H§$gmV Ë`mMo ñnï>rH$aU XoVmo. CXm. ~§Jmb_Ü`o
AmhoV. ZdrZ Ambobr gyZ Ooìhm n{hë`m§XmM gmgaÀ`m bmoH$m§Zm
Va, "{VñVmnmaoa d¥Îmm§V'_Yrb J«m_rU ~§Jmbr Oodm`bm dmT>V,o Ë`m g_ma§^mbm "~m¡^mV' (~m¡ åhUOo ~hÿ,
~mobrVrb g§dmXm§Mm AZwdmX _amR>rV H$gm H$amdm hm _bm gyZ; Am{U "^mV' åhUOo OodU) Ago åhUVmV. ~§Jmb_Ü`o
àý nS>bm. _amR>rÀ`m EImÚm J«m_rU ~mobrV H$amdm H$m? ImZmdirbm "^mVoa XmoH$mZ' (^mVmMo XwH$mZ) Ago åhUVmV.
Ago dmQ>V hmoVo.
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 79
~§Jmbr boIH$m§Mo AZw^d :
~§Jmbr nwñVH$m§Mo AZwdmX H$aVmZm _yi boIH$mMr
AZwdmXmgmR>r AZw_Vr Amdí`H$ AgVo. Or nwñVHo$
àH$meH$m§H$Sy>Z AZwdmXmgmR>r `oVmV, Ë`m àH$meH$m§Zr _yi
boIH$mMr AZw_Vr KoVbobr AgVo.
gwXd¡ mZo _bm ~§Jmbr boIH$m§Mm `m ~m~VrV Mm§Jbm
AZw ^ d Amho . gË`{OV am` _r AZw _ VrgmR>r nÌ
nmR>dë`mda bJoV AZw_Vr nmR>drV. "am°`ëQ>r/_mZYZ
`m§À`mg§X^m©V Hw$R>ë`mhr amñV AQ>r _bm _mÝ` AgVrb'
Ago Vo {bhrV. _¡Ìo`r XodtZrhr "_§½nyVo adrÝÐZmW'gmR>r
bJoM AZw_Vr nmR>dbr hmoVr.
gVmadmXH$ n§. a{de§H$a `m§À`m "amJ-AZwamJ' `m
nwñVH$mÀ`m AZwdmXmgX§^m©V IwÔ Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>Ê`mMr g§Yr
{_imbr. nÌmMr nmoM Ë`m§À`m goH$o« Q>arH$Sy>Z bJoM `oV Ago.
"_r ^maVmV Amë`mda _bm Oê$a ^oQ>m' Ago Ë`m§Zr EH$m
nÌmV {b{hbo hmoVo. gwX¡dmZo Vo "nwUo \o$pñQ>db'gmR>r `oUma
Agë`mMo g_Oë`mda _r nw Ê `mbm OmD$Z Ë`m§ À `m
_wŠH$m_mÀ`m {R>H$mUr Ë`m§Zm ^oQ>bmo. OdiOdi AYm© Vmg
Ë`m§ À `mer MMm© H$aVm Ambr. Vo åhUmbo , "_mÂ`m
AmË_M[aÌmV H$mhr _OHy$a EImÚm ì`ŠVrbm XwImdUmam
Amho Ago Vwåhmbm dmQ>b,o Va Vmo Vwåhr Vw_À`m A{YH$mamV
JmiyZ Q>mH$m. Ë`mbm _r haH$V KoUma Zmhr.'
AIo a rg, "am° ` ëQ>r~Ôb Amnë`m H$m` AQ>r
AmhoV?' Ago _r {dMmabo.
Voìhm hgyZ Vo åhUmbo, "nwñVH$mMr EH$ àV _bm
nmR>dm, åhUOo {_imbr _bm am°`ëQ>r!'
AWm©V, Z§Va _w~§ B©bm Vo EH$m H$m`©H$« _mgmR>r Ambobo
AgVmZm _r d àH$meH$ Ë`m§Zm àË`j ^oQ>bmo. Ë`m§À`m
nwñVH$mÀ`m _amR>r AZwdmXmÀ`m n§Mdrg àVr Am{U
am°`ëQ>rMm YZmXoe àË`j Ë`m§À`m hmVmV {Xbm.
gË`{OV am` `m§Zm àË`j ^oQ>Vm Ambo Zmhr, hr
I§V _mÌ amhÿZ Jobr Amho.
AmZwf§{JH$ bm^ :
AZw d mXmÀ`m _mÂ`m N>§ X m_w i o AZo H $ Á`o ð > m § e r
AZwdmXH$m`m©~Ôb MMm© H$aVm Amë`m, Jßnm _maVm Amë`m,
H¥${VgÌm§_Ü`o Am{U MMm©gÌm§_Ü`o gh^mJr hmoVm Ambo.
n{hë`m§Xm CëboI H$am`bm hdm ~mgy ^Å>mMm`©
`m§Mm. 1982À`m gw_mambm Vo ZJaMo {Oëhm{YH$mar
A{ZbHw $ _ma bIrZm `m§ À `m "bIrZm n° Q > Z © ' da EH$
80 n gm{hË`
_m{hVrnQ> ~ZdÊ`mgmR>r ZJabm Ambo hmoV.o (bIrZm n°Q>Z©
åhUOo bIrZm `m§Zr àemgZmV AmUboë`m gwYmaUm).
"ZJa_Ü`o ~§JmbrMr AmdS> Agbobm Hw$Ur _amR>r a{gH$
Amho H$m? Ë`mbm ^oQ>m`bm _bm AmdS>b o ' Ago Vo bIrZm
`m§Zm åhUmbo. bIrZm§Zr hm {Zamon _mÂ`mn`ªV nmoMdbm.
_r bJoM ~mgwXm§Zm ^oQ>m`bm Jobmo.
~mgwXm Mma-nmM {Xdg ZJa_Ü`o hmoVo. EH$Xm _r
~mo b Vm-~o b Vm adrÝÐZmWm§ M r EH$ H${dVm Ë`m§ Z m
(~§JmbrVM) åhUyZ XmIdbr. `mda Vo åhUmbo, Vr
H${dVm Aer åhUm`bm hdr - åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr Vr AmdmOmMo
Amamoh-Adamoh, JVr, {dam_ `m§À`mg{hV åhUyZ XmIdbr.
`mda _r Ë`m§Zm åhQ>b,o "_mÂ`mH$S>o adrÝÐZmWm§Mm "g§M{`V'
hm {ZdS>H$ H${dVm§Mm J«§W Amho. Vwåhr Ë`mVrb {ZdS>H$
H${dVm _bm Aem åhUyZ XmIdmb H$m? _r Ë`m Q>no H$ê$Z
KoB©Z.' `mbm Ë`m§Zr hmoH$ma {Xbm.
Ë`m§ À `m ey q Q>JÀ`m _Yë`m do i mV Vo _bm
"g§M{`Vm'_Yrb adrÝÐZmWm§À`m H${dVm åhUyZ XmIdrV
Am{U _r Ë`m H${dVm _mÂ`m nmoQ>~} b Q>no aoH$m°S>d© a Q>no H$ê$Z
KoB©. Aem àH$mao ZìdX {_{ZQ>m§Mr EH$ H°$goQ> Ë`m§À`m
H${dVmdmMZmZo ^abr.
Vr H°$goQ> AZoH$Xm EoH$y Z Ë`m H${dVm _bm nmR> Pmë`m.
`mo½` doir _r Ë`m ^mfUmVyZ/boIZmVyZ CX²YV¥ H$ê$ eH$Vmo.
Xwgar AmR>dU {dO` V|Sw>bH$a§Mr, _m_m daoaH$a
~§JmbrVyZ AZwdmX H$em nÕVrZo H$arV ho Ë`m§Zr _bm
EH$Xm Jßnm§_Ü`o gm§{JVbo hmoVo. Vo åhUmbo, "_m_m H$m`
H$arV, Va ~§Jmbr nwñVH$mMo EH$ nmZ dmMrV. _J Vo
nwñVH$ ~mOybm R>odrV Am{U Omo nmZ^a _OHy$a `m§Zr
dmMbobm Ago, Ë`mMm nmZ^a _amR>rV Ame` Vo {bhrV.
Vo dmŠ`mbm dmŠ` Agm AZwdmX H$arV ZgV.'
XyaXe©Z _m{bHo$Mo ê$nm§Va :
EH$Xm nwÊ`mhÿZ _bm {X½Xe©H$ g§Vmof H$moëho `m§Mm
\$moZ Ambm : "_r EH$m ~§Jmbr X¡Z§{XZ _m{bHo$M§ _amR>rV
ê$nm§Va H$am`M§ R>adb§ Amho. nwÊ`mVë`m bmoH$m§Zm N>mnrb
~§Jmbr dmMVm `oV§, nU ~mobbob§ ~§Jmbr BWo Hw$R>ë`mhr
~§Jmbr `oUmè`m _amR>r _mUgmbm g_OV Zmhr. Vwåhmbm
~mobbob§ ~§Jmbr g_OV§ Ag§ H$ib§. Vwåhr `m _m{bHo$M§
_amR>r ê$nm§Va H$ê$Z Úmb H$m?' _r AWm©VM hmoH$ma {Xbm.
hr 2002 _Ybr Jmoï>. H$moëh|Zr _yi ~§Jmbr _m{bHo$À`m
pìh{S>Amo H°$goQ>g² _bm nmR>dë`m d Ë`mda AmYm[aV _r
_amR>r _m{bH$m {bhÿZ {Xbr. "gm§Ogmdë`m' ho Ë`m _amR>r
_m{bHo$Mo Zmd. Ë`m _m{bHo$V gwb^m Xoenm§S>o, gwhmg
Omoer, ^maVr AmMaoH$a, ñdmVr {MQ>Urg, a_oe Xod `m§Zr
A{^Z` Ho$bm hmoVm. 100 ^mJm§À`m `m _m{bHo$Mo Mm§Jbo
ñdmJV Pmbo.
_hmamï´> nmo{bgm§Zm _XV :
EH$Xm nwÊ`mÀ`m E.Q>r.Eg. (A±Q>r-Q>ao [añQ> ñŠdmS>-
XheVdmX {damoYr nWH$)Mo nmo{bg A{YH$mar _mÂ`m Kar
Ambo. Ë`m§Zr nwÊ`mV H$mhr _mAmodmÚm§Zm nH$S>bo hmoV.o Ë`m
_mAmodmÚm§H$Sy>Z nmo{bgm§Zm ~§Jmbr ^mfoVrb EH$ àMma-
nwpñVH$m gmnS>br hmoVr. Ë`m nwpñVHo$Mm AZwdmX _r
A{YH$mè`m§À`m {dZ§Vrdê$Z H$ê$Z {Xbm. "_hmamï´> nmo{bg
ho Amnbo eÌy AmhoV. Ë`m§Zm AmnU _mabo nm{hOo' hm Ë`m
Vrg nmZr nwpñVHo$Mm gmam§e. AWm©V `m nwamì`m_wio Ë`m
JwÝhoJmam§Zm {ejm Pmbr. ~§Jmbr `oV Agë`mZo _r _hmamï´>
nmo{bgm§Zm _XV H$ê$ eH$bmo, `mMo g_mYmZ Amho.
AZwdmX ~§Jmbrdê$ZM ìhmdoV :
~§Jmbr nwñVH$m§Mo AZwdmX ~§Jmbrdê$ZM ìhmdoV,
Ë`m§À`m B§p½be AZwdmXm§dê$Z hmoD$ Z`oV Ago _bm dmQ>V.o
_wimV ~§JmbrMo _mYw`© ~§JmbrÀ`m B§p½be AZwdmXm§dê$Z
Ho$boë`m _amR>rV `oV Zmhr. Ë`m{edm` ~§Jmbr Zmdm§À`m d
eãXm§À`m amo_Z {bnrVrb boIZm_wio _amR>r boIZ/AZwdmX
nyUV© : MwH$sMo hmoVmV. CXm. "~§ÚmonmÜ`m`' ho AmS>Zmd ¿`m.
"d§ Ú +CnmÜ`m`' `m Xmo Z eãXm§ M m g§ Y r hmo D $Z Vmo
"~§ÚmonmÜ`m`' Agm EH$ eãX ~ZVmo. "d'Mm ~§JmbrV "~'
hmoVmo. "d§ÚmonmÜ`m`' åhUOo d§Ú (d§XZr`) Ago CnmÜ`m`.
B§p½be ñnoqbJdê$Z Ë`m "~§ÚmonmÜ`m`'Mo "~§S>monmÜ`m`'
hmoVo. adrÝÐZWm§À`m "ZQ>ra nyOm' `m ZmQ>H$mÀ`m ZmdmMo
B§p½bedê$Z AZwdmX H$aUmè`mZo "ZmVra nyOm' Ago boIZ
Ho$bo hmoVo. gË`{OV am` Amnbo "gË`{OV' ho Zmd
~§JmbrV {b{hVmZm eodQ>À`m "V'Mm Zoh_r nm` _moS>rV.
B§p½bedê$Z _mÌ Ë`m "gË`{OV²'Mo "gË`{OV' hmoVo Am{U
Ë`m ZmdmMm AW©M ~XbVmo. "gË`{OV' åhUOo gË`mbm
qOH$Umam; Am{U "gË`{OV²' åhUOo añË`mZo Á`mbm qOH$bo
Amho, Agm gË`mnwT>o nam^yV Pmbobm. Agmo.
AmOda WmoS>~o hþV H$m_ _r Ho$bo Amho, åhUyZ nwT>ho r
`WmeŠVr AZwdmXmMo H$m_ _r MmbyM R>odUma Amho.
lll

à{VgmX
g§nmXH$ gm{hË`
lr. AemoH$ ~|S>Iio
_wIn¥ð>mnmgyZ _bn¥ð>mn`ªV ZrQ>ZoQ>Š`m AmIboë`m "gm{hË`'À`m Xa ZdrZ A§H$mMr EH$ dmMH$ åhUyZ _r MmVH$mà_mUo
dmQ> nhmV AgVo. BVŠ`m N>moQ>çm A§H$mVrb gd©M gm{hË`àH$ma Ho$di dmMZr`M ZmhrV Va _m{hVrnyU© d kmZg§dY©Z
H$aUmao AgVmV.
gm{hË`mÀ`m {d{dYê$nr _oOdmZrMo VmQ> dmMH$m§g_moa {Z`{_V R>odÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUmao 'gm{hË`'Mo g§nmXH$ lr. AemoH$
~|S>Iio `m§Mo gd©àW_ H$m¡VwH$ d A{^Z§XZ.
`m A§H$m§_Yrb gwà{gÕ H${dVm§Mo agJ«hU H$aUmao boI, b{bV~§Y, g_rjmË_H$ boI _mÂ`mgma»`m dmMH$mÀ`m
{dMmam§Zm Zoh_rM Zdm Ñ{ï>H$moZ XoVmV.
_o-Owb¡ A§H$mVrb AemoH$ Jwáo `m§Mm "eãXmÀ`m A^©H$m§Mr OÝ_ñWmZo', S>m°. e{eH$m§V bmoI§So> `m§Mm "X{bV AmË_d¥Îmo :
EH$ nwZ_w©ë`m§H$Z', amOrd Omoer `m§Mm "_¥Ë`wbm gm_moa§ OmÊ`mM§ ~i XoUmar : OZ ni^a åhU{Vb'...ho boI {deof ^mdbo.
{d{dY {df`m§darb H${dVm, aoIm Zmd}H$a `m§Mm kmZoœar{df`r boI, dg§V dmhmoH$ma `m§Mr H$Wm, gamoO Omoer `m§Zr
aoImQ>bobo "_mPr AmB©' ì`{º${M̧hr N>mZ Amho. a_oe gmd§V `m§À`m "nwñVH$ n[aM`'_wio ZdZdrZ nwñVH$m§Mr _m{hVr {_iVo.
"AZwdmX'`m {df`mbm dm{hboë`m {Xdmir {deofm§H$mMr CËH§$R>oZo dmQ> nhmV Amho. gdmªJgw§Xa "gm{hË`' A§H$mÀ`m nwT>rb
dmQ>Mmbrg ew^oÀN>m.
EH$ dmMH$
- AënZm H$emiH$a
gm§VmH«w$P.

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 81

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b{bVgm{hË`ZwdmX : EH$ {dûbofU
S>m°. gm¡. H$_b Aä`§H$a
AZwdmX hr Odinmg gm{hË`{Z{_©VrEdT>rM
g¥OZmË_H$ à{H«$`m Amho. EH$m ^mfoVbm _OHy$a Zo_Ho$nUmZo
Xwgè`m ^mfoV ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$aUo åhUOoM
"^mfm§Va' qH$dm AZwdmX. ^mfm§Vaà{H«$`oV Á`m ^mfoVbm
_OHy$a (Ame`) Xwgè`m ^mfoV AmUm`Mm AgVmo. Ë`m
^mfoV "_yi ^mfm' qH$dm "CJ_ ^mfm' åhUVmV Am{U Á`m
^mfoV Vmo _OHy$a AmUbm OmVmo, Ë`m ^mfobm "bú` ^mfm'
åhUVmV, ho gd©{d{XV Amho.
Mm§Jë`m AZwdmXmgmR>r AZwdmXH$mbm-
(A) _yi d bú` - Aem XmoÝhr ^mfm§Mr CÎm_ OmU
Agmdr bmJVo; BVHo$M Zmhr Va XmoÝhr ^mfm§Mm gImob
Aä`mg H$aUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
(~) Ho$di gm{hË`mMm Aä`mgM Zìho; Va ì`mH$aUmMohr
CÎm_ kmZ Agmdo bmJVo.
(H$) Á`m ^mfoV AZwdmX H$am`Mm, Vr ^mfm ~mobUmè`m
82 n gm{hË`
g_mOmMr gm§ñH¥${VH$ OmUhr Ë`mbm Agmd`mg nm{hOo.
(S>) `mIoarO Vmo AZwdmXH$ ñdV: g¥OZj_ Agmdm
bmJVmo.
AZwdmX H$aÊ`m_mJo AZoH$ CÔoe Agy eH$VmV.
(H$) nwîH$iXm Amnë`mbm AË`§V ^mdboë`m EImÚm
gm{hË`H¥$VrMm AÝ` ^m{fH$ a{gH$m§Zmhr AmñdmX KoVm
`mdm, `m CÔoemZo AZwdmX H$amdmgm dmQ>Vmo.
(I) g§ñH¥$V-AZwdmXmÀ`m à`moOZmÀ`m ~m~VrV Ago
{XgVo H$s, g§ñH¥$V hr OJmVbr gdm©V àmMrZ d g_¥Õ
^mfm Iar; nU Vr AmVm ì`dhmamV dmnabr OmV
Zgë`mZo {VMo MQ>H$Z AmH$bZ hmoUo H$R>rU hmoVo. åhUyZ
g§ñH¥$VmVrb {d{eï> kmZ{df`m§Mo OZgm_mÝ`m§Zm, {OkmgyZ§ m
AmH$bZ ìhmdo d `WmW© kmZ ìhmdo `mgmR>r g§ñH¥$V ^mfoMm
_amR>r-qhXr BË`mXr àmXo{eH$ ^mfm§_Ü`o AZwdmX H$aUo
Amdí`H$ R>aVo.
(J) H$mhr doim boIH$ _yi gm{hË`H¥$Vrbm Amnë`m
_ZmVrb {d{eï> AmH¥${V~§YmV àñVwV H$aÊ`mÀ`m CÔoemZo
{VMm AZwdmX H$aVmo.
nydu åhQ>ë`mà_mUo g§ñH¥$V hr OJmVrb gdm©V
àmMrZ ^mfm Agy Z Vr d¡ { XH$-gm{hË`, am_m`U-
_hm^maV-nwamUo, ^mg-H$m{bXmg-^d^yVr BË`mXtÀ`m
"ñdßZdmgdXÎm_²', "A{^kmZemHw$ÝVb_²', "CÎmaam_M[aV_²'
BË`mXr A_a ZmQ>çH¥$Vr, "g§ñH¥$V dmL²>_`mMo n§MàmUM'
g_Obr OmUmar H$m{bXmg, ^madr, _mK BË`mXtMr
"aKwd§e_²', "{H$amVmOw©Zr`_²', "{eewnmbdY_²' BË`mXr
_hmH$mì`o , I§ S > H $mì`o , "_o K Xy V ' g_mZ ^mdH$mì`o -
Jr{VH$mì`o, ^pŠVagnyU© ñVmoÌdmL²>_`, gw^m{fVaËZ-H$mof,
Zr{VH$WmdmL²>_`, AX²^wVH$WmdmL²>_`, MåßXdmL²>_`,
BVHo $ M Zmhr Va; X§ S >r-~mU-gw ~ ÝYw øm§ À `m
"XeHw$_maM[aV_²', "H$mX§~ar', "dmgdXÎmm' BË`mXr JÚ-
gm{hË`H¥$VtZrhr g§nÝZ Amho.
g§ñH¥$V ^mfoÀ`m Jm¡admMr Jmoï> åhUOo {VMr Ho$di
b{bV-dmL²>_`-emImM g_¥Õ Amho Ago ZgyZ ZmQ>ç,
g§JrV, ì`mH$aU, J{UV, VÎdkmZ, Á`mo{Vf, {eënemñÌ,
ñWmnË`, `moJemñÌ, Am`wd}X BË`mXtZr `wŠV Ago {VMo
emñÌr` dmL²>_`mMo XmbZhr {VVHo$M g_¥Õ Amho Am{U
Ë`mVrbhr `moJemñÌ, Am`wd}XemñÌ hr emñÌo OJÝ_mÝ`
Pmbr AmhoV. na§Vw g§ñH¥$V ^mfoMo kmZ Agë`mIoarO `m
nwamVZ kmZ^m§S>mamMm bm^ Aä`mgH$ KoD$ eH$V ZmhrV.
`mgmR>r Ë`mVrb J«§Wm§Mm AZwdmX hmoUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo d
{H$Ë`oH$ J«§Wm§Mm Vgm AZwdmX Pmbobmhr Amho. na§Vw Vmo
ñdV§ Ì Aä`mgmMm {df` Amho . øm N> m o Q > ç m bo I mV
g§ñH¥$VmVrb emñÌr` J«§Wm§À`m AZwdmXmMm {dMma àñVwV
Zmhr.
Vgo M {d{eï> Aä`mgH« $ _mgmR>r Zo _ bo ë `m
"aKwde§ m'XtÀ`m gJmªMo doJdoJù`m boIH$m§Zr _amR>rV Ho$bobo
^mfm§Vahr `oWo A{^àoV Zmhr; Va g§ñH¥$VmVyZ _amR>rV d
_amR>rVyZ g§ñH¥$VmV- {d{dY ê$nm§V AZwdm{XV Ho$ë`m
Joboë`m b{bV-gm{hË`mMm Ë`m§Vrb JwUd¡{eîQ>çm§gh
WmoS>Š`mV nam_e© KoUo EdT>oM _`m©{XV C{Ôï> `oWo g_moa
R>odbo Amho.
g§ñH¥$V ^mfoMo EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo {VÀ`mV gd©
dmL²>_`àH$mam§Mm g_mdoe; _J Vr nÚê$n AgmoV H$s
JÚê$n- "H$mì`' `m eãXmVM hmo V mo . (nÚH$mì`,
JÚH$mì`!) "aKwd§em'gmaIr _hmH$mì`ohr H$mì`o, JÚ-
nÚ{_{lV ZmQ> H o $ hr "H$mì`o ' Am{U X§ S > r -~mUmXtMo
"XeHw $ _ma', "H$mX§ ~ ar' `m§ g maIo JÚ-J« § W hr H$mì`
(JÚH$mì`) åhUyZM Cëbo{Ibo OmVmV d H$m{bXmg-
^d^yVtà_mUoM ~mU-X§S>r `m JÚJ«§WH$mam§Mmhr {ZX}e
"H${d' åhUyZM Ho$bm OmVmo.
g§ñH¥$VmVrb àM§S> H$mì`g§nXoà_mUo AZwdmXmMm
Aä`mg H$aVmZm {VÀ`mVrb eãXg_¥ÕrMmhr {dMma àñVwV
R>aVmo.
g§ñH¥$V^mfm Ho$di "Ðmjm_Ywa'M Zmhr, Va Vr
AË`§V eãXg§nÝZhr Amho. {VÀ`mV EH$m eãXmgmR>r AZoH$
à{VeãX H$dtg_moa hmV OmoS>y Z C^o amhVmV. "{ZKÊQw>'Zm_H$
d¡{XH$ eãXH$mofmV n¥ÏdrgmR>r 21 eãX, nd©VdmMH$ 30
eãX Am{U Ob `m AWu Va 100 n`m©` eãX {Xbobo
AmT> i VmV. g§ ñ H¥ $ V ^mfo V rb Aem àH$maMo , àM§ S >
eãX^m§S>mam§Zr ^abobo "A_aH$mofm'Xr AZoH$ H$mofJ«§W
Amnë`mbm Amü`©M{H$V H$aVmV.
EImÚm H$drbm {d{eï> AjaJUd¥ÎmmV H$mì`aMZm
H$aVmZm- gy`©dU©ZmV XmoZM Ajam§Zr `wŠV Aem eãXmMo
{deofU `moOmd`mMo Agob, Va a{d, {_Ì, ^mZw ho
gy`©dmMH$ eãX- VrZ Ajar {deofUmgmR>r - ^mñH$a,
VnZ, M§S>mew B.
Mma Ajar {deofUmgmR>r- à^mH$a, {XdmH$a, {XZH$a B.
nmM Ajar {deofUmgmR>r- ghòapí_, dmga_{U BË`mXr
g§ñH¥$V eãX Ë`mÀ`m g_moa C^o amhVmV d Ë`m§VyZ `mo½`
eãXmMr {ZdS> H$aUo Ë`mbm eŠ` hmoVo.
g§ñH¥$V ^mfo_Ü`o EHo$H$ AW© ì`ŠV H$aÊ`mgmR>r
Ho$di AZoH$ eãXM CnbãY AmhoV Ago Zmhr; Va
{H$Ë`oH$ nXmWmªgmR>r {^ÝZ {^ÝZ AW©ÀN>Q>m§Zr `wŠV Ago
AZoH$ eãX Amnë`mbm CnbãY AmhoV.
g§ñH¥$VmVrb {d{eï> YmVyd§ ê$Z ho eãX {gÕ Pmbobo
AmhoV.
CXmhaUmW©, "nËZr' `m EH$mM AWm©Mo dmMH$-`kmV
gmhmæ` H$aUmar Vr nËZr, nVrbm {VÀ`m{df`r A{^bmfm
dmQ>Vo - Vr hdrhdrer dmQ>Vo åhUyZ (H$_²) Vr "H$mÝVm'.
{VÀ`m {R>H$mUr nVr nwÌê$nmZo nwÝhm OÝ_ KoVmo (OZ²-OÝ_
XoUo) åhUyZ Vr "Om`m'. nVr {VMo ^aU-nmofU H$aVmo,
åhUyZ (^¥.) Vr "^m`m©' Am{U {ddmhmZ§Va Vr Amnë`m
gmgaÀ`m KamV (^mdm^mdm§V) \y$Q> nmS>Vo (Xma²) åhUyZ Vr
"Xmam'. `oWrb gd©M eãX ho nËZrdmMH$ AgyZhr àË`oH$
eãXmMr AW©ÀN>Q>m {^ÝZ Agë`mZo eãXà^y H$dr AZwdmX
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 83
H$aVmZm Ë`mVrb AMyH$ eãXmMr {ZdS> H$ê$ eH$Vmo.
AmVm BVŠ`m àmñVm{dH$mZ§Va _w»` {df`mH$S>o diy.
àW_ g§ñH¥$VmVyZ _amR>rV AZwdm{XV Pmboë`m gm{hË`mMm
nam_e© ¿`md`mMm Amho. g§ñH¥$VmVrb da Cëbo{Iboë`m
b{bVH$mì`àH$mam§n¡H$s _hmH$mì`, bKwH$mì`, ZmQ>H$,
H$mX§~ar BË`mXr gJù`mM àH$mam§Mo _amR>rV ^mfm§Va Pmbobo
{XgVo. _mÌ boImMr A{Vì`mßVr Q>miÊ`mgmR>r Ë`mVë`m
H$mhr _moOŠ`mM J«§Wm§Mo {ddoMZ H$amd`mMo Amho.
1. g§ñH¥$VmVyZ AZwdm{XV Pmbobr b{bV nÚH$mì`o-
`mV àW_V: H${dHw$bJwê$ H$m{bXmgmÀ`m "_oKXyV_²'
`m H$mì`mMm {ZX}e H$amdm bmJob. OJmV "~m`~b' d
"n§MV§Ì' `m XmoZ J«W§ m§À`m ImbmoImb Oa H$moUË`m J«W§ mMr
gdm©{YH$ ^mfm§Vao Pmbr AgVrb Va Vr "_oKXyVm'MrM!
^maVmVrb àË`oH$ ^mfoV "_oKXyVm'Mr AZoH$ ^mfm§Vao Pmbr
AmhoV, BVHo$M Zmhr Va; \$ŠV _amR>r ^mfm§Vam§Mm {dMma
H$aVm Vrhr S>PZmhÿZ A{YH$ Pmbr Agë`mMo d AOyZhr
hmoV Agë`mMo {XgyZ `oVo.
"_o K o _mKo JV§ d`§ : Ÿ&' - _o K Xy V _² d _mKmMo
"{eewnmbdY_²' `m§Mm AmñdmX KoÊ`mVM gd© Am`wî` g§nbo
- ho a{gH$m§Mo CX²Jma gwà{gÕM AmhoV.
AWm©V _mKmMo "{eewnmbdY_²' ho _hmH$mì` ZdZdrZ
eãX, ì`mH$aU, g_mg BË`mXtZr BVHo$ Xw~m}Y Pmbo Amho H$s
Vmo JwV§ m gmoS>dZy Ame`mÀ`m gm¢X`m©n`ªV nmoMÊ`mV Am`wî`M
g§nVo; Va "_oKXyV_²'Mm AmñdmX KoVmZm àË`oH$ doir ZdZdrZ
gm¢X`© àVrV hmoV Agë`m_wio Ë`mÀ`m AmñdmXmbmhr Am`wî`
Anwao nS>V,o hm Ë`mVrb A{^àm`!
"_o K Xy V _² ' Mm AZw d mX H$aUo {H$Vr H$R>rU d
AmìhmZmË_H$ Amho `mMo {dûbofU H$aVmZm H${dd`© dg§V
~mnQ>m§Zr åhQ>bo Amho, ""eãX, Ame`, A§V:g§JrV,
ZmXJw U mZo {_iUmar ÜdÝ`Wm© M r db`o Am{U
H${dHw$bJwê$À`m AOmoS> à{V^oZo brb`m YmaU Ho$bobr
AmUIrhr AerM H$mo_b Am`wYo `m§Mm _oKXyVmV Agm
H$mhr EH$Ord Pmbobm Amho H$s hr gmar AdYmZo gm§^miyZ
_amR>r _oKmZwdmX H$aUmè`m gdmªZm \$ma loð> Ym[aîQ>ç Ordr
Yamdo bmJVo.''
(_oK. ~moaH$a, àñVmdZm, n¥. 13)
H$m{bXmgàUrV "_oKXyV_²' ho g§nyU© H$mì` EH$mM
åhUOo "_§ X mH« $ m§ V m' `m d¥ Î mmV aMbo b o Amho .
"àmd¥Q²>àdmgì`gZo _§XmH«$m§Vm'- dfm©, àdmg d ì`gZ
åhUOo g§H$Q>o - `m§Mo dU©Z H$amd`mMo Agë`mg "_§XmH«$m§Vm'
84 n gm{hË`
ho d¥Îm AZwê$n R>aVo, hm {Z`_ N>§X:emñÌH$mam§Zr ~hþYm
"_oKXyV_²'À`m Aä`mgmdê$ZM R>adyZ {Xbm Agmdm.
dfm© F $Vy M r nmœ© ^ y _ r, _o K mMm àdmg Am{U `j d
`jnËZrdarb {dahmMo g§H$Q> `m gd©M Jmoï>tMo Xe©Z Ë`mV
KS>Vo.
_o K Xy V mMm gd© à W_ AZw d mX H¥ $ îUemñÌr
{MniyUH$am§Zr AË`§V àmgm{XH$ ^mfoV Ho$bobm Amho. _mÌ
H¥$îUemñÌr {MniyUH$a, am.qM. bmoIS§ >,o Hw$gw_mJ«O, em§Vm
eoiHo$, am.n. g~Zrg, Zm.J. Jmoa,o dg§Vamd nQ>dY©Z `m§Zr
_oKXyVmÀ`m Ame`mbm "_§XmH«$m§Vm'EodOr Ë`m§Zm ^mdboë`m
AÝ` Om{Vd¥Îmm§À`m gmÀ`mV ~gdÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho.
lr. qMVm_Uamd Xoe_wI, lr. JUoe ZrbH§$R> H$mÌo
Vgo M bú_UemñÌr bo b o `m§ Z r _o K Xy V mMm AZw d mX
_wim~ahþHy$_ g_d¥Îm, g_ûbmoH$ d g`_H$ Ho$bobm Amho.
Ë`m§Mr ûbmoH$aMZm {ZXm}f AgyZ `mgmR>r {Z{üVM Ë`m§Zr
XrK©H$mb à`mg KoVbo Agë`mMo bjmV `oVo.
`mIoarO H${dd`© dg§V ~nQ> øm§Mm "_oKöX`' hm
_wŠVN>X§ mË_H$, H${dVm_` e¡brVrb AZwdmXhr CëboIZr`
Amho.
H${dd`© ~m.^. ~moaH$a ho ñdV: göX`, gm¢X`m©gŠV
H$dr d Ë`m~amo~aM JmZbwãY Agë`mZo d Ë`m§Zr _oKXyVmMm
Ho$bobm AZwdmX hm g_d¥Îm Agë`mZo Ë`m{df`r WmoS>o
{dñVmamZo {bhmdogo dmQ>Vo.
~moaH$am§Zr hmM N>§X KoÊ`m_mJMo H$maU ñdV:M
gm§{JVbo Amho-
""AZwdmXmgmR>r N>§X H$moUVm ¿`m`Mm `mMm _r
{dMma H$ê$ bmJbmo. Vo 1952 gmb hmoVo Am{U {Xdg
AmfmT> m Mo hmo V o , nmdgmMr Yy Z ~mho a Mmby M hmo V r.
`moJm`moJmZo {VÀ`mer _mPr YyZ bmJbr Am{U EH$mEH$s
_bm OmUdbo H$s _§XmH«$m§Vm hmM `m F$VyMm ñdm^m{dH$
N>X§ Amho. Xwgam MmbUma Zmhr. _r ûbmoH$ dmMVm dmMVm
Kw_y bmJbmo. EH$m_mJyZ EH$ Ago ûbmoH$ ^am^a hmoV Job.o
g_d¥ Î m Am{U g`_H${h.''...Ë`m H$mì`m_mJÀ`m
H$m{bXmgmÀ`m _ZmMm doY _r gVV KoV hmoVmo d Ë`mÀ`mer
EH$VZ hmoD$ nmhmV hmoVmo.'' (_oK. ~moaH$a àñVmdZm)
åhUyZM "_§XmH«$m§Vm' d¥Îm. AZwdmXH$mMr _yi H$mì`mer Aer
VÐynVm hmoUo Amdí`H$ AgVo.
H${dloð> Hw$gw_mJ«O, loð> H$d{`Ìr em§Vm eoiHo$
Am{U ~m.^. ~moaH$a `m {VÝhr loð> H$dtZr EH$mM ûbmoH$mMo
Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va AmVm bjmV KoD$-
""_ÝX§ _ÝX§ ZwX{V ndZümZwHw$bmo `Wm Ëdm§
dm_üm`§ ZX{V _Ywa§ MmVH$ñVo gJÝY:Ÿ&
J^m©YmZjUn[aM`mÝZyZ_m~Õ_mbm:
go{dî`ÝZo Z`Zgw^J§ ado ^dÝV§ ~bH$m:Ÿ&&nyd©_oK-10Ÿ&&
Hw$gw_mJ«O-
_§X JVrZo dmè`mdaVr Om{eb Vy OoYdm§
hf©^ao hm H$arb MmVH$ _§Owi JrVmoËgdmŸ&
J^m©YmZjUmMr {MÌo H$pënV öX`§J_
Ydb n{jUtMm VwOnwT>Vr `oB©b gw§Xa WdmŸ&&''
em§Vm eoiHo$-
""_§X _§X VwO dmhÿZ ZoBb dmam Ooìhm Anwë`mg§Jo
S>mdo Kmbrb gIm {OdmMm MmVH$ JmB©b A{V AZwamJoŸ&
J^©YmaUmjU AmR>dwZr OwiVrb JJZt ~bH$_mbm
Z`ZgwIX VwO Z^t nmhVm§ gmXa hmoVrb Vd godobmŸ&&''
- ~m.^. ~moaH$a
""g§W| n§W| ñdde ndZmg§JVt MmbVmZm
dm_m§JmZo Kw_Vrb VwÂ`m MmVH$mZ§X-VmZmŸ&
J^m©YmZñ_¥{V C_bwZr ì`mo_boIm ~bmH$m
ñdm§J| ~§Ymo, a{MVrb Vwbm H§$R>aoIm gwaoImŸ&&''
_amR>rVrb VrZ loð> H$dtZr Ho$boë`m `m gd©M
H$mì`mZwdmXm§V _wimVrb H$mhr eãX gwQ>bo AmhoV, H$mhr
A{YH$ KmVbo Jobo AmhoV. _wimVrb Ame` _mÌ ZrQ> ì`ŠV
Pmbm Amho. Hw$gw_mJ«Om§Zr Amnë`m Ame`mbm Om{V-
d¥ÎmmÀ`m gmÀ`mV AmoVÊ`mMm à`ËZ Ho$bm Amho, em§Vm eoiHo$
`m§Zr "nmXmHw$bH$'gma»`m àdmhr N>X§ mMr {ZdS> Ho$br Amho.
_mÌ `m_wio Amnë`m H$mZmV eVH$mZweVHo$ Jw§OUmè`m
"_oKXyV_²'Mm AmH¥${V~§Y ~XbyZ Jobm Amho. `mCbQ>
~moaH$am§Mm AZwdmX hm "_§XmH«$mÝVm'VM Agë`mZo _oKXyVmÀ`m
_yi MmbrV d b`rV åhUUo eŠ` hmoV.o
"Cn_m H$m{bXmgñ`' ho {OVHo$ Iao; {VVHo$M
H$m{bXmgmMo AWm©ÝVaÝ`mghr AË`§V gw§Xa, S>m¡bXma,
Ë`mÀ`m ì`dhma{ZarjUmMo d _mZdr ñd^mdmÀ`m
Aä`mgmMo ÚmoVH$ AgVmV, ""AZwdmXH$Ë`m©Mr H$gmoQ>r
nmhmÊ`mMr AMyH$ OmJm åhUOo _wimVrb AWm©ÝVaÝ`mg -
ñdê$nmÀ`m Amoir'' Agm {ZH$f am. lr. OmoJm§Zr {Xbm
Amho. Ë`m Ñï>rZo _amR>rV AdVaboë`m g_d¥Îm ^mfm§VamVrb
EH$-XmoZ AWm©ÝVaÝ`mgm§Mm {dMma H$ê$.
(1) H$m_mVm© {h àH¥${VH¥$nUmüoVZmMoVZofwŸ&
(A) H$m_mVmªZm OS> AOS> h| ^mZ ZmhtM OmË`m -
Xoe_wI
(~) H$_mVmªZm \$aH$ Z H$io MoVZmMoVZm§V - H$mÌo
(H$) H$m_mVmªZm OS> AOS> h| ^mZ Zmoho ñd^md| - ~moaH$a
(2) "_mÍMm _moKm da_{YJwUo ZY_o bãYH$m_mŸ&&'
(A) "Zm' loð>mMr V[a{h ~adr "hmo' ZH$mo XwO©ZmMrŸ& -
Xoe_wI
(~) Xwï>mËå`m§Mr CnH¥$Vr ZH$mo Wmoa Zmhr åhUmoV! - H$mÌo
(H$) Aìhoamdo IbF$U; ~ar gÁOZm§Mr CnojmŸ& - ~moaH$a
`oWrb gd©M AZwdmX _yi AW© ì`ŠV H$aUmao AmhoV.
H$dr ~moaH$am§Zm "_oKXyVm'Mm Img _amR>r AZwdmX
A{^àoV hmoVm. _mÌ dg§V ~mnQ> `m§Zr åhQ>ë`mà_mUo
~moaH$am§Mo ^mfm§Va AË`§V gw§Xa AgyZhr "hþnUo' åhUOo
Amobm§S>Uo, "Amon' åhUOo VoO, "_wOaV' åhUOo _wÔm_
`m§gma»`m _Ü`o _Ü`o Amboë`m Img H$moH$Ur eãXm§_wio
AS>Iim`bm hmo V o . {d{eï> eãXm§ M m AW© g_Oy Z
KoVë`mZ§VaM Ë`mVrb AmZ§XmMm AZw^d `oD$ eH$Vmo.
"_oKXyV_²'À`m {d{dY AZwdmXmg§~§YmV AmUIrhr
Iyn {b{hÊ`mgmaIo Amho. na§Vw Vmo àñVwV boImMm _w»`
^mJ Zmhr.
gw^m{fVg§J«h - AZwdmX -
""ZyZ§ gw^m{fVgmo@Ý`agm{Vem`rŸ&''
""H$V©ì`mo {h gw^m{fVñ` _ZwO¡amdí`H$: g§J«h:Ÿ&''
`m§gma»`m dMZm§VyZ gw^m{fVm§Mo _hÎd nyduÀ`m
H$dtZr gm§{JVbobo Amho. gm_mÝ` boIH$m§À`m AZoH$
CVmè`m§Zr Omo Ame` ì`ŠV hmoUma Zmhr, Vmo H${dloð>mÀ`m
EImÚm gw^m{fVmVyZ R>gR>erVnUo _Zmda q~~Vmo. Ë`m_wio
AZoH$ J«W§ m§_Ü`o {dIwabobr g§ñH¥$V gw^m{fVo EH$Ì g§H${bV
H$aÊ`mMr d Vr Amnë`m ^mfoV AmUÊ`mMr BÀN>m àmMrZ
H$mimnmgyZ gm{hpË`H$m§V {XgyZ `oV.o `mMo CËH¥$ï> CXmhaU
åhUOo ^V¥h© arMo "eVH$Ì`_²'. dm_Zn§{S>Vm§gma»`m gVamì`m
eVH$mVrb H$drZo eVH$`ÌrMo ^mfm§Va Ho$bo. _mÌ EH$m
dm_Zn§{S>Vm§Iao rO àmMrZ H$mimVrb Xwgè`m H$moUrhr _amR>r
H$drZo eVH$`ÌrMo ^mfm§Va Ho$bo Agë`mMo {XgV Zmhr.
Ë`mZ§Va b.Jmo. qdPo `m§Mo eVH$Ì`rMo ^mfm§Va gwà{gÕ
Pmbo. Ë`m§Zr ^V¥©h[aH¥$V ûbmoH$, Ë`mZ§Va dm_Zn§{S>Vm§Zr
Ë`mMm Ho$bobm _amR>r AZwdmX, Ë`mZ§Va ñdV: g_d¥Îm nÚmV
d eodQ>r JÚm_Ü`o Ho$bobm AZwdmX {Xbobm Amho.
qdPo `m§Zr àñVmdZoV AZwdmX H$gm Agmdm d H$gm
Zgmdm ho gm§JVmZm AZwdmXmÀ`m H$mhr H$gmoQ>çmV {X½X{e©V
Ho$ë`m AmhoV. Vo åhUVmV- ""_yi g§ñH¥$V ûbmoH$ H$mZm§V,
Á`m d¥Îmm§V ~gbobm AgVmo, Ë`mM n[a{MV ÜdZtV
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 85
(d¥Îmm§V) ^mfm§Va Pmbo åhUOo AmZ§X hmoVmo. åhUyZ g_J«
AW©, _yiÀ`m Ab§H$mamgh _yiÀ`m d¥Îmm§VM AmUVm Ambm
Va Vo CËH¥$ï> ^mfm§Va. g_d¥Îm Z O_bo Var WmoS>o _moR>o d¥Îm
Yê$Z nU g_J« Ame` gmoß`m eãXm§V CVa{dUo ho Ë`mÀ`m
ImbmoImb Ü`o` Agbo nm{hOo... nU _moR>o d¥Îm KoD$Z gwÕm
g_J« ^mfm§Va Z O_Uo ho {ZH¥$ï> ^mfm§VamMo bjU g_Omdo.
_yi ûbmoH$m§V _hÎdmMo An[ahm`© Ago eãX d H$ënZm
(H$_mZtVë`m key stone gma»`m) AgVmV. Ë`mM Zo_Š`m
^mfm§Vam§V Jimë`m Va key stone dmMyZ Oer H$_mZ Ver
^mfm§ V amMr B_maV H$mo g ië`mdmMy Z amhV Zmhr.''
(àñVmdZm, n¥. 15).
""^mfm§VamVrb EH$hr eãX H$mTy>Z MmbUma Zmhr
qH$dm EH$hr eãX OmñVr KmbyZ MmbUma Zmhr.'' hr CÎm_
^mfm§VamMr AmUIr EH$ H$gmoQ>r Ë`m§Zr gm§{JVbr Amho.
^V¥h© arÀ`m EH$mM AË`§V à{gÕ ûbmoH$mMo CXmhaU
AmnU KoD$.
""b^oV {gH$Vmgw V¡b_{n `ËZV: nrS>`Z²
{n~oÀM _¥JV¥pîUH$mgw g{bb§ {nnmgm{X©V:Ÿ&
H$Xm{MX{n n`©Q>Ì ee{dfmU_mgmX`oV²
Z Vw à{V{Z{dï>_yI©OZ{MÎm_mamY`oV²Ÿ&&''
^V¥©. Zr{VeVH$. ûbmoH$ 8.
dm_Zn§{S>V - d¥Îm {eI[aUr
""à`ËZ| dmiyMo H$U aJ{S>Vm§ Vob{h Jio
V¥fmVm©Mr V¥îUm _¥JOb {nD$Zr{h {dVioŸ&
gemM|hr bmYo {d{nZ {\$aVm§ e¥§J{h Oar
na§Vw _yIm©M| öX` YadoZm ni^arŸ&&''
dm_Zn§{S>Vm§Zr _yiMo n¥Ïdr d¥Îm ~XbyZ "{eI[aUr'
d¥ÎmmV Ho$bobo ^mfm§Va gwà{gÕ Amho. na§Vw b.Jmo. qdPo
`m§Zr XmIdyZ {Xbo Amho (eVH$`Ìr-àñVmdZm) H$s,
dm_Zn§{S>Vm§À`m "na§Vw _yIm©M| öX` YadoZm ni^ar' `m
^mfm§VamV "à{V{Z{dï>' `m _w»` eãXmMo ^mfm§Va AmbobM o 1880), _J Mm¡Ï`m A§H$mMr OmoS> d Ë`mZ§Va g§nUy © åhUOo
Zmhr. Ë`m§À`m ^mfm§VamZwgma H$moUmhr _yIm©bm H$YrM
gwYmaVm `oUma Zmhr Agm AW© {ZînÝZ hmoB©b. dñVwV:
à{V{Z{dï> åhUOo hÅ>r-hoH$Q>. åhUyZ gmÜ`m _yIm©bm
g_OmdVm `oB©b, nU Vmo à{V{Z{dï> åhUOo hoH$Q>-hÅ>r
Agob Va Vo AeŠ` hmoBb © , hm AW© A{^àoV Amho. VgoM
"ni^ar' hm eãXhr {ZaW©H$ Amho.
`mCbQ> qdPo `m§Zr _yiÀ`m n¥Ïdr d¥ÎmmVM Ho$boë`m
^mfm§VamVrb-
""Z eŠ` n[a _yI© hoH$Q> OZmg AmamYU|Ÿ&&'' hr n§ŠVr
86 n gm{hË`
A{YH$ `mo½` R>aVo.
{dñVma^`mñVd AmUIr CXmhaUo XoVm `oV ZmhrV.
^V¥©harÀ`m eVH$Ì`rIoarO OJÝZmW n§{S>Vm§À`m
"J§Jmbhar' `m 52ûbmoH$s ag^[aV H$mì`mMm AZwdmXhr
CëboIZr` Amho. J§JÀo `m bmQ>mৠ_mUo g§W MmbUmao, J§^ra
"{eI[aUr' d¥ Î m `m H$mì`mgmR> r `mo { Obo Amho . `m
H$mì`mÀ`m àË`oH$ ûbmoH$mMo dm_Zn§{S>VH¥$V g_ûbmoH$s
^mfm§Va àW_ XoD$Z Ë`mZ§Va XÎmmÌ` JmoqdX nmÜ`o `m§Zr
AÝd`mg{hV ñdV: Ho$bobm ^mdmW© {Xbm Amho. Ë`m_wio
gm_mÝ` dmMH$m§Zm `m "nr`yfbhar'Mm AmñdmX KoUo eŠ`
Pmbo Amho.''
2. g§ñH¥$VmVyZ _amR>rV AZwdm{XV-ê$nm§V[aV Pmbobr
ZmQ>Ho$ -
AmVm `mZ§ V a g§ ñ H¥ $ VmVy Z _amR>rV AZw d m{XV
Pmboë`m ZmQ>H$m§H$S>o dimd`mMo Amho. g§ñH¥$VmVrb loð>
ZmQ>çH¥$VtMm _amR>r a{gH$m§Zm AmñdmX KoVm `mdm, `m
CÔoemZo hm AZwdmX Ho$bobm {XgVmo. Iao Va hm eãXe:
AZwdmX ZgyZ _amR>r ^mfoMm S>mb ¡ d doJionU H$m`_ amIyZ
Ho$bobo ho ê$nm§Va Amho Ago åhUVm `oBb © . `m_Ü`o _w»`V:
H$m{bXmgmÀ`m {dœ{d»`mV "A{^kmZemHw$ÝVb_²'dê$Z
AÊUmgmho~ {H$bm}ñH$am§Zr ê$nm§V[aV Ho$bobo "em§Hw$Vb' d
Jmo.~. Xodb `m§Zr ewÐH$mÀ`m "_¥ÀN>H${Q>H$_²' `m ZmQ>H$mMo
Ë`mM ZmdmZo Ho$bobo _amR>r ê$nm§Va `m XmoZ ZmQ>çH¥$Vr
_w»`V: bjmV ¿`m`À`m AmhoV. `mnydu naewam_VmË`m
JmoS>~mob,o bú_UemñÌr bob,o {e._. nam§Ono `m§À`mgma»`m
Wmoa boIH$m§Zrhr ""emHw§$Vb' _amR>rV AmUÊ`mMm à`ËZ
Ho$bm hmoVm. na§Vw à`moJê$nmZo a§J^y_rda AmUÊ`mÀ`m
CÔoemZo {b{hbobo åhUyZ AÊUmgmho~ {H$bm}ñH$am§À`m
"emHw§$Vb'MmM {ZX}e H$amdm bmJob. _yi emHw§$Vb gmV
A§H$s, nU _amR>r emHw§$Vb àW_ 3 A§H$ (31 Am°ŠQ>mo.
nmM A§H$s ZmQ>H$mMo à`moJ hmoD$ bmJbo.
g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$m§Vrb ûbmoH$ d _amR>r ZmQ>H$m§Vrb nXo-
g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$m§À`m _amR>r AZwdmXmMm {dMma H$aVmZm
Ë`m§Vrb nXm§Mm {dMma H$aUo Amdí`H$ R>aVo. _yi g§ñH¥$V
ZmQ>H$m§V ^a^ê$Z ûbmoH$ {XgVmV. na§Vw ho gd©M ûbmoH$
H$mhr Mmbrda Jm`Mo ZgVmV. Img Jmd`mÀ`m ûbmoH$m§ndy u
(Jm`{V) Aer a§JgyMZm AgVo. _mÌ _Yë`m H$mimV
AZoH$ eVHo$ CbQ>br. emñÌr` g§JrVmMm àMma-àgma
hmo D $Z _hmamï´ > m Vhr g§ J rVmMr Jmo S > r dmT> b r. ñdV:
AÊUmgmho~ {H$bm}ñH$a, Xodb hr _§S>ir g§JrVk hmoVr.
Ë`mZ§VaÀ`m H$mimV Va n§. dPo~wdm, n§. ^mñH$a~wdm
~Ibo, JmoqdXamd Q>~| o `m§À`mgmaIo _mVã~a g§JrVk _amR>r
a§J^y_rbm g§JrV-{X½Xe©H$ åhUyZ bm^ë`mZo Ë`m§Zr emñÌr`
g§JrVmVrb bmoH${à` ~§{XetÀ`m MmbrV hr ZmQ>çnXo
~m§Ybr. a{gH$ Img ZmQ>çg§JrVmgmR>r ZmQ>Ho$ nmhm`bm
OmD$ bmJbo, Jm`H$ ZQ>m§Zm {deof _hÎd àmßV Pmbo!
g§. em§H$w VbÀ`m ~m~VrV gm§Jm`Mo Va 1880 _Ü`o
emHw$§ Vb a§J^y_rda Ambo; nU Voìhm eHw$§ Vbm JmV ZìhVr.
nwT>o 1882 _Ü`o ^mD$amd H$moëhQ>H$a {H$bm}ñH$a _§S>irV
gm_rb Pmbo Am{U Vo ì hmM eHw § $ Vbo À `m Vm| S > r nXo
KmbÊ`mV Ambr. emHw§$Vb_Ü`o Xwî`§Vmbm bhmZ-_moR>r
{_iyZ Odinmg EH$eoXhm nXo AmhoV. Xwî`§V, eHw§$Vbm
`m§À`m~amo~aM H$Êd, em“©I H$moUrhr nX Jm`ZmVyZ
gwQ>bobo Zmhr. ZmQ>çg§JrVmÀ`m JmoS>rMm n[aUm_ åhUyZ
gm§JÊ`mgmaIr Jmoï> åhUOo _yi ZmQ>H$mV eHw$§ VboÀ`m Vm|S>r
Agboë`m nwT>rb JÚ g§dmXmMmhr-
eHw$§ Vbm - (AmË_JV_²) öX`, àW__od gwImonZVo
_ZmoaWo H$mVa^md§ Z _wÍM{gŸ& gmZwe`{dK{Q>Vñ` H$W§ Vo
gm§àV g§Vmn:Ÿ& - A{^kmZemHw$ÝVb_² - AH§$ 1 - àW_
JÚm_Ü`o AZwdmX H$ê$Z Z§Va nwÝhm {dàb§^ e¥§Jma-^md
ì`ŠV H$aUmao EH$ ZdrZ nX {VÀ`m Vm|S>r KmVbo Amho-
""_Zm Vi_i{g, C{JM H$m§ Agm hihi{gŸ&
àW_ \$gb|{gŸ&&Y¥.Ÿ&&
EoZ gwImÀ`m g_`t ^rVr Yê${Z H$g| ~gbo{gŸ&&1Ÿ&&''
em§Hw$VbmÀ`m AZwdmXmMo AmUIr EH$ d¡{eîQ>ç
åhUOo _amR>rVrb doJdoJù`m e¡btMm, ~mobr^mfoMm Cn`moJ
H$ê$Zhr AerM n[aUm_H$maH$Vm gmYbr Amho. CXm.
emHw$§ VbmÀ`m Xwgè`m A§H$mÀ`m gwédmVrbm {dXwfH$mÀ`m Vm|S>r
^bo_moR>o JÚ ñdJV Amho. Vo g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$mÀ`m {Z`_mà_mUo
àmH¥$V_Ü`o (g§ñH¥$V N>m`ogh) Amho. {H$bm}ñH$am§Zr Ë`m JÚ
ñdJVmÀ`m AZwdmXmV bmoH$gm{hË`mVrb "H$Q>md' aMyZ Ë`mV
_m¡O Amnbr Amho. (emHw$§ . A§. 2)
H$Q>md
""hm BH$S>o dZdamh CR>bmŸ& Vmo nhm _¥J niV{M gwQ>bmŸ&
Ago åhUV ^a CÝhmù`mV hm ^Q>H$V {\$aVmoŸ&
EoZ Xwnmar N>m`m Zmhr, Eoem Ë`m dqZ niV{M gwQ>VmoŸ&'' B.
AmUIr EImXo CXmhaU H$mo V dmb, _w g Š`m
~m§Ybobm EH$ H¡$Xr d XmoZ {enmB© `m§Mm àdoe Amho. Ë`mMo
d¡{eîQ>ç åhUOo H$moVdmb, {enmB©, H$moir Oer ^mfm
~mo b Vrb, Ver ^mfm dmnê$Z {H$bm} ñ H$am§ Z r CÎm_
agn[anmof gmYbm Amho.
Ë`m-Ë`m ì`pŠVaoIÀo `m ñd^mdd¡{eîQ>çm§Zm gmOoer
^mfm dmnaUo ho `mo½` Vmo n[aUm_ gmYÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo
Amdí`H$ R>aVo. _amR>r emHw§$Vb nmhÿZ AWdm Ë`mMr
g§{hVm dmMyZM hr Jmoï> ñnï> hmoB©b.
_¥ÀN>H${Q>H$_² - JmoqdX ~ëbmi Xodb `m§Zr VrZ g§ñH¥$V
ZmQ>H$m§Mr _amR>rV ^mfm§Vao Ho$br. na§Vw "{dH«$_mod©er`' d
"emng§^_« ' `m ZmQ>H$m§Zr Ë`m§Zm \$maer H$sVu {_idyZ {Xbr
Zmhr. Ë`m VwbZoZo 1889 _Ü`o a§J^y_rda Ambobm Ë`m§À`m
"_¥ÀN>H${Q>H$' `m _amR>r ^mfm§VamMo Mm§Jë`m àH$mao ñdmJV
Pmbo.
_yi eyÐH$H¥$V "_¥ÀN>H${Q>H$' ho Xem§H$s, Ag§»`
ûbmoH$m§Zr ^abobo "àH$aU' `m àH$maMo ZmQ>H$ Amho. na§Vw
AmYw{ZH$ a{gH$m§À`m g§JrV^ŠVrg d g§JrVnÕVrg
AZwgê$Z, à`moJÑîQ>çmhr gwH$a ìhmdo `mgmR>r AmnU AZoH$
\o$a\$ma Ho$ë`mMo ñdV: ZmQ>H$H$ma Xodb `m§Zr àñVmdZoV
Z_yX Ho$bo Amho. H$_r _hÎdmMo d {Zag àg§J JmiyZ,
nmÌm§À`m Vm|S>Mm nmëhmi H$_r H$ê$Z Ë`m§Zr ZmQ>H$ EHy$U
7 A§H$s ~Zdbo Amho. naewam_n§V VmË`m JmoS>~mobo `m§À`m
^mfm§VamMo F$U Ë`m§Zr _mÝ` Ho$bo Amho.
nydu Cëbo{Ië`mà_mUo _yi _¥ÀN>H${Q>H$mVrb ûbmoH$
a{gH$m§g_moa ZmQ>çnXm§À`m ê$nmV Ambo. hr nXo AË`§V
bmoH${à` Pmbr.
CXm. "CX`{V {h eem‘>: H$m{_ZrJUwnmUw-
J«§hJUn[admamo amO_mJ©àXrn:Ÿ& B.A§.1
`mda AmYm[aV - aO{ZZmW hm Z^t CJdbm
amOnWt OUw§ Xrn{M J_bmŸ&&B.
emHw$§ Vbmà_mUo dg§VgoZÀo `m Vm|S>Mo JÚ dmŠ`hr bmoH${à`
nX hmoD$Z Jobo Amho. CXm.
dg§VgoZm - Mo{Q>, Cn[aVZ_m{bÝX_mê$ø Am`©Mmê$XÎm§
ní`m_:Ÿ& - _¥ÀN>. A§. 2
`mMm AZwdmX åhUyZ Xodbm§Zr nwT>rb nXaMZm Ho$br Amho.
""_m{S>dmar Mb J JS>o OmC PS>H$arŸ&
nmhþ gX` XmZeya _y{V© Vr ~arŸ&&Y¥.Ÿ&&''
ì`pŠVaoIm§À`m ñd^mdd¡{eîQ>çm§Zwgma _amR>rVrb
~mobr^mfm§Mm Cn`moJ H$aVmZm Xodbm§Zr dmH²$àMmam§Mmhr gwX§ a
Cn`moJ Ho$bobm {XgVmo. CXm.
(1) Am`© _¡Ìo`, {dlå`Vm_²Ÿ& _ëbHo$Z nmZr`_{n nrËdm
Jå`Vm_²Ÿ& - _¥ÀN>. A§. 4 - `mMo ^mfm§Va - _¡Ì`o ^Q>Or,
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 87
Vwåhr \$ma WH$bobo {XgVm Va WmoS>rer gw§R>gmIa ImD$Z,
KmoQ>^a D$Z nmUr ß`m qH$dm
(2) ^d{V, _pÝÌZ_od _³³`VoŸ& - _¥ÀN>. A§. 5
~mB© J, hr Am_MrM H$ënZm, Cï>r.... Cï>r
a{gH$m§Zm AmVm _¥ÀN>. ZmQ>H$mMm Omo n[aM` Amho
Vmo _w»`V: Xodbm§À`m g§. _¥ÀN>H$[Q>H$dê$ZM. EH$ Jmoï>
_mÌ _mÝ` H$am`bm hdr, Vr åhUOo _¥ÀN>. ZmQ>H$mV EH$m
e¥J§ m[aH$ H$WoÀ`m {Z{_ÎmmZo VËH$m{bZ amOH$maUhr AË`§V
~o_mby_nUo ^abo Amho. nU Xodbm§Mo ZmQ>H$ nmhÿZ ho
amOH$maU g_OUma Zmhr. AWm©V ZmQ>H$ N>moQ>o d a§OH$
H$aVmZm amOH$maU JmiUo `mo½`M hmoVo.
`m§IoarO g§ñH¥$VmVyZ AZwdm{XV _amR>r ZmQ>H$m§Mm
{dMma H$aVmZm, Iyn Z§VaÀ`m H$mimVrb (gw_mao 1975-
76) X.J. JmoS>go `m§Zr _hmH${d ^mgmÀ`m "à{V_m'
ZmQ>H$mdê$Z AZwdm{XV Ho$boë`m- "Ym{S>bm am_ {VZo H$m
dZt' `m ZmQ>H$mMm CëboI Adí` H$am`bm hdm. n§.
{OVoÝÐ A{^foH$s `m§À`m ZmdrÝ`nyU© d _Ywa g§JrVmZo
`mVrb nXo bmoH${à` Pmbr hmoVr.
3. JÚH$mì` AZwdmX : ~mU^Å>mMr H$mX§~ar -
g§ñH¥$VmVyZ AZwdm{XV _amR>r gm{hË`mÀ`m {ddoMZmV
{dXwfr XwJm©~mB© ^mJdV `m§Zr Ho$bobm loð> JÚH$mì`H$Vm©
~mU^Å> `m§À`m "H$mX§~ar'Mm AZwdmX Adí` {dMmamV
¿`md`mg hdm.
"H$mX§~ar' hr _hmH$dr ~mU^Å>mMr EH$ A_a
gm{hË`H¥$Vr. nydm©Y© d CÎmamY© Ago {VMo XmoZ ^mJ AmhoV.
nmÌm§À`m gOrd {MÌUm~amo~aM {ZgJm©À`m {MÌUmVhr ~mU
AË`§V Hw$eb Amho. ûbof, {damoY, n[ag§»`m BË`mXr
{d{dY Ab§H$mam§Mm ^anya Cn`moJ H$ê$Z Ë`mZo Amnbr
dU©Zo gO{dbr AmhoV. Ë`mZo Ho$bobo qdÜ`mÎdrMo dU©Z
(XmoZ nmZr EH$M dmŠ`) dmMVmZm d Ë`mMm AW© bmdVmZm
dmMH$m§Mr X_N>mH$ hmoVo. nmümË` {dÛmZ do~a `m§Zr
~mUmÀ`m gm{hË`mbm "qdÜ`m{Ð'Mr Cn_m {Xbr Amho. nU
XwJm©~mB© _mÌ Ë`m qdÜ`m{Ð_YyZ gmZ§X {dhma H$ê$ eH$VmV.
Ë`m§Zr Vo dU©Z gwQ>çm, N>mQo >çm dmŠ`m§VZy gmXa Ho$bo Amho.
Am{U {dgmì`m eVH$mV dmMH$m§Zm Vmo AmZ§X Úmd`mMm
Agob Va ~mUmÀ`m nmpÊS>Ë`àXe©ZmÀ`m H$mimVyZ ~mhoa
`oD$Z, øm e¡brMm Adb§~ H$aUoM `mo½` hmoVo. ({dñVma
- ^`mñVd `oWo AmUIr CXmhaUo XoUo eŠ` Zmhr.)
2. _amR>r-g§ ñ H¥ $ V AZw d mX - AmVm `m bo I mÀ`m
{df`mÀ`m Xþgè`m ^mJmH$S>o åhUOo _amR>rVyZ g§ñH¥$VmV
88 n gm{hË`
AZwdm{XV Pmboë`m b{bV gm{hË`mH$S>o didm`Mo Amho.
Adm© M rZ B{VhmgH$ma lr.^m. dU} H $a `m§ Z r
åhQ>ë`mà_mUo- XoemoXoerÀ`m n§{S>Vm§Zr àmMrZ H$mir Ogo
g§ñH¥$V J«§Wm§Mo AZwdmX Ho$bo, Vgo Ë`m H$mimVrb g§ñH¥$V
n§ { S> V m§ Z r AÝ` ^mfm§ V rb J« § W m§ M o g§ ñ H¥ $ VmV AZw d mX
H$aÊ`mMm à`ËZ H$Yrhr Ho$bobm {XgV Zmhr. AmOÀ`m
"AZwdmX' eãXmÀ`m AWm©Zo g§ñH¥$VmV AZwdmXJ«W§ ZmhrVM.
Joë`m nÝZmg-nmD$Ueo dfmªV AmYw{ZH$ àmXo{eH$ Ym{_©H$
gm{hË`mMo d H$mì` ZmQ>H$m§Mo g§ñH¥$VmV AZwdmX Pmbo
AmhoV. _amR>rVrb CËH¥$ï> gm{hË`mMm g§ñH¥$V OmUUmè`m
AÝ` ^m{fH$m§Zm AmñdmX KoVm `mdm d g§ñH¥$V ^mfoMm
àgma hmoD$Z gm_mÝ` OZm§V g§ñH¥$V{df`r JmoS>r CËnÝZ
ìhmdr `m CÔoemZo hm AZwdmX Ho$bm Jobm Amho.
1 _amR>rVyZ g§ñH¥$VmV AZwdm{XV Pmbobr H$mì`o -
`oWo H$mhr {ZdS>H$ b{bV H$mì`o d ZmQ>çH¥$Vr {dMmamV
¿`md`mÀ`m AmhoV.
(A) O`_§Jbm - _amR>rVrb gwà{gÕ H$dr `ed§V `m§Mo
"O`_§Jbm' ho ^mdJrVmË_H$ I§S>H$mì` AgyZ n§. lr.{^.
dobUH$a `m§Zr Ë`mM ZmdmZo Ë`mMm AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho.
`oWo Ho$di AZwdmX H$aUo ho C{Ôï> ZgyZ ^mddU©Zm§Mm
g_d¥Îm AZwdmX H$aUo H$drbm A{^àoV Amho. AWm©VM
H$mì` Jo`VmàYmZ Amho. _yi H$mì` A{YH$ gw§Xa H$s
AZwdmX A{YH$ gw§Xa hm {d.g. Im§S>oH$a `m§Mm A{^àm`
Adí` ~mobH$m Amho.
(~) Ap½ZOm - "^maVdmUr' `m g§ ñ H¥ $ V nm{jH$mMo
g§nmXH$ S>m°. J.~m. nigwbo `m§Zr ñdm. gmdaH$am§À`m
H$mì`g§J«hmVrb doMH$ 12 H$mì`m§Mm g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX `m
nwñVH$mV àH$m{eV Ho$bm Amho.
(H$) H$_bm - S>m°. nigwbo `m§Zr ñdm. gmdaH$am§À`m
"H$_bm' `m I§S>H$mì`mMohr g§. ^mfm§Va Ho$bo Amho.
S>m°. nigwbo `m§Mm AZwdmX {H$Vr H$mQ>oH$moa Amho d Ë`m§Mo
g§ñH¥$V ^mfoda Ho$dT>o à^wËd Amho, `mMr H$ënZm nwT>rb
EH$-XmoZ CXmhaUm§dê$Z `oD$ eHo$b-
(1) H$s KoVbo d«V Z h| Apåh A§YVoZo' `m gmdaH$am§À`m
à{gÕ ûbmoH$mMo nigwboH¥$V g_ûbmoH$s ^mfm§Va-
ZmL²>JrH¥$V§ d«V{_X§ ghgmÝY^ŠË`m
ñnï>§ {h Ñï>{_{Vhmg{ZgJ©VH£$:Ÿ&
{Xì`ñdê$n_V Ed {h XmhH§$ `V²
~wÕç¡d {dÕçZwg¥V§ V{XX§ gVrËd_²Ÿ&&
(2) A_a hmo` Vr d§ebVmŸ& {Zdªe {OMm XodmH$[aVmŸ&
`m à{gÕ AmoirMo ^mfm§Va nmhm-
""A_am d§edëbr gm `mopÀN>ÝZm XodH$maUmV²Ÿ&
Am{XJÝVmV² àdmË`ñ`m {díd_L²>Jbgm¡a^_²Ÿ&&''
(3) lrJrVam_m`U - g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX :
AmYw{ZH$ dmë_rH$s J.{X. _mS>JyiH$a `m§Mr agmi
eãXaMZm d Wmoa Jm`H$ gwYra \$S>Ho$ `m§À`m {VVŠ`mM
^md_Ywa, AZwê$n Mmbr `m§_wio bmoH${à`VoÀ`m {eIamda
nmoMboë`m "JrVam_m`U'Mr AZoH$ ^mfm§V ^mfm§Vao Pmbr.
g§ñH¥$V Va ^maVr` ^mfm§Mr OZZr; Voìhm {VÀ`mVhr
"JrVam_m`U' AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho. åhUyZ àm. gr.^m.
XmVmam§ Z r hm à`ËZ Ho $ bm. JmUr _y i À`m bmo H ${à`
MmbtVM åhUmd`mMr AgVrb Va Vr g_d¥ÎmM Agbr
nm{hOoV ho bjmV KoVë`m_wio d g§ñH¥$V ^mfodarb Ë`m§À`m
à^wËdm_wio hm à`ËZ `eñdr Pmbm Amho. EH$-XmoZ
CXmhaUo Úm`Mr Va-
(1) {Zamon H$gbm _mPm KoVm? Am_ÝÌ`go Hw$Vmo _m§ d¥Wm?
OoWo amKd VoWo grVmŸ&& `Ì g am_ñVÌ {h grVmŸ&&
(2) nwÌ gm§JVr M[aV {nË`mMo gwVm¡ J`Vmo OZH$gwM{Va_²
Á`mo{VZ| VoOmMr AmaVrŸ&& Á`mo{Vfm VoOmoZramOZ_²Ÿ&&
g§ñH¥$V H$m`©H«$_ H$aÊ`mÀ`m Ñï>rZo àË`oH$ nXmnyduÀ`m
{ZdoXZmMmhr Ë`m§Zr gwb^ g§ñH¥$VmV AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho.
(B) _Zmo~moY : Xmg~moYmImbmoImb à{gÕ, AÜ`mË_-
_mJm©darb gmYH$m§Zm _moj_mJ© _moH$im H$aUmao Ago g_WmªMo
ûbmoH$ åhUOo kmZ, H$_© d ^ŠVr `m§Mm {ÌdoUrg§J_M
Amho. _Zmbm ~moY XoÊ`mgmR>r g_Ï`mªZr g§dmX ho _mÜ`_
ñdrH$mabo Amho. EHo$H$ ûbmoH$ åhUOo A_yë` {dMmaaËZM
Amho. n§. lr.{^. dobUH$a `m§Zr _wimVë`mà_mUo g§ñH¥$V
ûbmo H $hr nmR>m§ V amg gw b ^ ìhmdo åhUy Z _y i À`m
"^wO§Jà`mV' `m d¥ÎmmVM Ë`m§Mm AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho.
Ë`mgmR>r AWm©VM g§Yr-{Z`_, bKw-Jwê$-aMZm `m§~m~V
H$mhr VS>OmoS>r Ë`m§Zm H$amì`m bmJë`m AmhoV. nU J§_V
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Xwbj
© Pmbobo {XgVo. na§Vw dobUH$aH¥$V g§ñH¥$V AZwdmXmV
Aer AmoT>mVmU H$amdr bmJV Zmhr.
CXm. OZt gd© gwIr Agm H$moU AmhoŸ&
{dMma| _Zm Vy§{M emoYy{Z nmh|Ÿ&&
_Zm Ëdm§{M ao nyd©g§{MV Ho$b|
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_amR>rVyZ g§ñH¥$VmV AZwdm{XV Pmbobr ZmQ>Ho$-
AmVm `mZ§Va _amR>rVyZ g§ñH¥$VmV AZwdm{XV Pmboë`m H$mhr
ZmQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$ê$.
(1) g§JrV gm¡^Ð_² - "gm¡^Ð' `m _amR>rVrb AË`§V
bmoH${à` ZmQ>H$mMm g§ñH¥$V AZwdmX-ê$nm§Va H$aÊ`mMo lo`
AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVrb AmÚ g§ñH¥$V ZmQ>H$H$ma n§. lr.{^.
dobUH$a `m§Zm Úmdo bmJob. 1961 _Ü`o ~«m÷Ug^oÀ`m
AmJ«hmdê$Z, Ë`m§Zm à`moJ H$aÊ`mgmR>r åhUyZ Ë`m§Zr hm
AZw d mX Ho $ bm. n§ . do b UH$am§ M o g§ ñ H¥ $ V ^mfo B VHo $ M
g§ñH¥$Vm§Vrb N>§Xm§da à^wËd hmoVo. Ë`m§Zm g§JrVmMr Ho$di
OmUM Zmhr Va Vo CÎm_ g§JrVk hmoVo. Ë`m_wio _yiMr
bmoH${à` nXo-qH${MVhr `{V^§J Z hmoVm, eãXm§Mr H$moR>ho r
AmoT>mVmU H$amdr Z bmJVm _wim~ahþHy$_ åhUUo eŠ`
Pmbo.
CXm. Z^ _oKm§Zr AmH«${_b| - Z^ Bh _oKa¡ mH«$mÝV_²Ÿ&
nw . b. Xo e nm§ S > o , {d.g. Im§ S > o H $a, à.Ho $ . AÌo
BË`mXtZr `m AZwdmXmMr Iyn àe§gm Ho$br. Ë`mZ§Va
dobUH$am§nmgyZ àoaUm KoD$Z AZoH$m§Zr _amR>r ZmQ>H$m§Mo
g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX Ho$bo.
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Ko D $Z àm. a§ . am. Xo e nm§ S >o `m§ Z r AZw d mX Ho $ bo ë `m
Jmo . ~. Xo d bH¥ $ V "g§ J rV g§ e `H$ëbmo i 'Mm "g§ J rV
g§e`H$ëbmoi_²' hm g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX Ë`mMm ZmQ>çà`moJhr
CÎm_ Pmë`mMr a{gH$m§Zr ½dmhr {Xbr. à.Ho$. AÌo,
a{gH$loð> am_y^¡`m XmVo BË`mXtZr g§VmofmMr nmdVr {Xbr.
BVHo$M Zmhr, Va _m. H¥$îUamd, Am~mgmho~ _wOw_Xma
BË`mXr g§JrVkm§Zr Ë`mVrb nXm§Mrhr àe§gm Ho$br.
(3) g§JrV _mZmn_mZ_² - "g§JrV g§e`H$ëbmoi_²'À`m
àe§g_o iw o àmoËgm{hV hmoD$Z àm. a§.am. Xoenm§S>o `m§Zr "g§JrV
_mZmn_mZ'Mmhr CËH¥$ï> AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho.
(4) S>m°. J.~m. nigwbo `m§Mr AZwdm{XV ZmQ>Ho$ -
S>m.° J.~m. nigwbo `m§Zr AmYw{ZH$ bmoH${à` _amR>r
ZmQ>H$m§Mo g§{jßV g§ñH¥$V AZwdmX Ho$bo AmhoV. hr ZmQ>Ho$
_w»`V: Eo{Vhm{gH$ AmhoV. "^mD$~§XH$s' `m ZmQ>H$mMm
(1) "^«mV¥H$bh_²' VgoM dg§V H$mZoQ>H$a `m§À`m "BWo
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 89
Amoemibm _¥Ë`y' `m ZmQ>H$mMm (2) "AÌ _¥Ë`w{d©bpÁOV:'
`m ZmdmZo AZwdmX Ho$bm Amho. `m Eo{Vhm{gH$ ZmQ>H$m§Vrb
VËH$mbrZ dmVmdaU, Eo{Vhm{gH$ ~mO H$m`_ amIÊ`mgmR>r
Ë`m§Zr _wimVrb "A\$gmog H$s ~mV h¡Ÿ&', "Vmo~m, Vmo~m'
BË`mXr H$mhr eãX, CX²Jma, g§~moYZo VerM R>do br AmhoV.
(5) g§JrV emaX_² - OaR>-Hw$_mar-{ddmh `m {df`mdarb
lr. Jmo . ~. Xo d bH¥ $ V "g§ J rV emaXm' `m ZmQ> H $mMm
lr. ~m.H$m. {b_`o `m§Zr Ho$bobm AZwdmX, Ë`mVrb
ghOgw§Xa ^mfo_wio BVH$m gw§Xa Pmbm Amho H$s ho ZmQ>H$
_wimV g§ñH¥$VM Amho Ago dmQ>mdo. `m ZmQ>H$mVrb gwX§ a nXo
_yi ZmQ>H$mVrb amJ-Vmbm§MmM gmO bodZy Ambr AmhoV.
gmH$s, qXS>r, H$Q>md BË`mXtMm à`moJ AË`§V gwX§ a. Ë`m_wio
ZmQ>H$ à`moJÑîQ>çmhr AË`§V `eñdr Pmbo Amho.
AÝ` AZw d m{XV \w $ Q>H$i EH$m§ { H$H$m qH$dm
AàH$m{eV ZmQ>Ho$ `oWo {dMmamV KoVbobr ZmhrV.
ZmQ>çnXmZwdmX - "g§ñH¥$VZmQ>çJrV_²'
g§ñH¥$V-AZwdm{XV ZmQ>H$m§Mm {dMma H$aVmZm EH$
Jmoï> bjmV `oVo H$s, Ë`mVrb H$WmZH$m§~amo~a Ë`m§Vrb
AmH$f©H$ MmbtVrb nXm§Zrhr a{gH$m§da _mo{hZr KmVbr
hmoVr. hr ~m~ bjmV KoD$Z, gm_mÝ` OZm§n`ªV nmoMm`Mo
Va _w » `V: _Zmo a § O ZmMm _mJ© M A{YH$ OdiMm ho
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AZwdmX _yi eãX eŠ`Vmo Z ~XbVm, Ame`mbm Oamhr
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Amho. ho Ë`m§Mo H$m`© ZŠH$sM CëboIZr` Amho.
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(1) nÚmZwdmXmV _yi nÚ Á`m {d{eï> N>§XmV dm d¥ÎmmV
aMbobo Agob, Ë`mM N>§XmV g_W©nUo Ho$bobm nÚmZwdmX
hm A{YH$ gag d n[aUm_H$maH$ hmoVmo. AWm©VM `mgmR>r
AZwdmXH$ eãXà^y AgyZ {d{dY N>§Xm§V H$mì`aMZm
H$aÊ`mMr hmVmoQ>r Ë`mÀ`mH$S>o AgUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
(2) _yi gm{hË`H¥$VrVrb Ame`mer-gm¢X`m©er AZwdmXH$
nyU© g_ag Pmbm AgUo Amdí`H$.
(3) g§ñH¥$V^mfm AË`§V eãXg_¥Õ Amho d AW© ì`ŠV
90 n gm{hË`
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eãX H$drbm CnbãY hmoVmV ho Iao Agbo Var `m
EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV; {deofV: `m `§Ì`wJmV-g§JUH$`wJmV
EdT>o ZdZdrZ emoY bmJbo AmhoV, H$s àmMrZV_ g§ñH¥$V
^mfoV Ë`m àË`oH$ dñVygmR>r V`ma eãX {_iob Ago Zmhr.
AWm©V g§ñH¥$V ì`mH$aUmVrb CngJ© d àË`` `m§À`m
gmhmæ`mZo Ago eãX g_W© H$dr {Z_m©U H$ê$ eH$Vmo. _mÌ
VodT>o ì`mH$aUgm_Ï`© Ë`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr Agbo nm{hOo Am{U
Vo Zd{Z{_©V eãX pŠbï> dm Xw~m}Y hmoUma ZmhrV `mMr
H$miOr KoUo Amdí`H$ Amho.
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qH$dm CbQ> à{H« $ `o V Ë`m§ M m S> m ¡ b d R> g H$m H$m`_
R>odÊ`mgmR>r `mo½` Vmo {dMma Amdí`H$ Amho.
(5) H$mhr {R>H$mUr eãXe: ^mfm§Va H$ê$Z MmbV Zmhr.
{VWo AWm©ZwdmX H$amdm bmJVmo.
(6) g§ñH¥$VmVyZ _amR>rV AZwdmX H$aVmZm EH$ Jmoï> bjmV
¿`mdr bmJVo. Vr åhUOo VËg_ d VØd ê$nmZ§ g§ñH¥$VmVyZ
_amR>rV Iyn eãX Ambo AmhoV. nU _amR>rV `oVmZm Ë`m§Mo
_yiMo AW© ~Xbbobo; AJXr {déÕ Pmbobo {XgVmV.
CXm. Am_§ÌU - (g§.) {Zamon KoUo (_amR>r) - ~mobmdUo.
Anamoj - (g§.) - àË`j - (_amR>r) - _mJo-nmR>r_mJo.
nm{W©d - (g§.) - amOm - (_amR>r) - _¥VXoh
Ë`m_wio ho eãX _yi AWm©Zo dmnabo Va AÝ` ^m{fH$m§Mm
Jm|Yi CSy> eH$Vmo.
(7) _yi d bú` ^mfoVrb gm§ñH¥${VH$ nmœ©^y_r ZrQ>
n[aM`mMr Zgob Va AZwdmX `mo½` hmoUma Zmhr.
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B{VhmgmV {ZarjU d gyMZm Ho$ë`mà_mUo-
g§ñH¥$V ì`mH$aUmV EH$mamÝV Zm_o MmbdÊ`mMr à{H«$`m
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ê$no H$aVmZmhr n§MmB©V hmoVo. `mgmR>r {deofZm_o VerM
R>odUo `mo½` R>aob.
(9) AZwdm{XV gm{hË`m_wio XmoÝhr ^mfm§Mo gm{hË`^m§S>ma
A{YH$ g_¥Õ Pmbo Amho. g§ñH¥$VmVrb dmH²$àMma d
gw^m{fVm§Zr _amR>rbm A{YH$ àm¡T>Ëd Ambo Amho Am{U
_amR>rVrb H$Q>md, gmH$s, qXS>r B. g§ñH¥$VmV Zgboë`m
d¥Îmm§Zr g§ñH¥$V^mfmhr g_¥Õ Pmbr Amho.
(10) g§JUH$`wJmV g§ñH¥$VMo _hÎd {gÕ Pmë`mZo CÎmamoÎma
AZwdmXmMo _hÎd dmT>rg bmJyZ "AZwdmXemñÌ' ho EH$
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AgVm, Agm {dMma EH$sH$So> gwé Agm`Mm; Ë`mMà_mUo,
_yi B§J«Or boIH$mMm EH§$Xa gya bjmV KoVm EHy$U
nwñVH$mV _amR>r ^mfm H$er Agm`bm hdr hmoVr Am{U
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AWm©VM H$mhr Jmoï>r IQ>H$ë`m Var _yi AZwdmXH$mÀ`m
{bImUmV \$ma \o$a\$ma H$aU eŠ` ZgV§ Am{U Ë`m_wio
_r Ho$di EH$ {Q>nU H$ê$Z Ë`m~mV àH$meH$m§Zm H$idV
Ago Am{U AZwdmXH$mbm _mÝ` Agë`mg Ë`m Ñï>rZo `mo½`
Ago ~Xb AZwdmXH$mÀ`m g§_VrZo H$aV Ago.
Ag§ gd© nmhÿZ EH$ {Xdg _mPo ~§Yy amohZ àH$meZMo
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`m H$m{_Zr _WmB© {bpIV B§J«Or nwñVH$mMm AZwdmX
H$aÊ`mMr O~m~Xmar _mÂ`mda gmondbr. ñdV… AZwdmX
H$aVmZm H$m` AS>MUr `oVmV Vo _bm àW_M AZw^dVm
Amb§. Ë`mnydu _r H$mhr bKwH$Wm qH$dm boI AZwdm{XV
Ho$bo hmoVo, nU EImX§ M[aÌmË_H$ nwñVH$, Vohr g§JrV-
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`oVmV Vo _bm bjmV Amb§. AWm©V, _mÂ`m ~§YyZr 2/3
_gwXo V`ma H$ê$ eHo$Z Am{U 3/4 ày\$ hmoVrb BVH$m
åhUOo 6 _{hZo doi _bm {Xbm åhUyZ `Wmeº$s à`ËZ
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`mVyZ AW©emñÌ, VÎdkmZ, amOH$s` Midir, amOH$s`
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H$er Iri ~gbr, Ë`mMr _moR>r {dMmaàdV©H$ Aer
ì`mnH$ MMm© `mVyZ gmÜ` hmoVo. na§Vw, BVHo$ OS> {df`
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_moR>çm gO©ZerbVoZo gmYbr Amho. AZwdmX H$aVmZm `m
Jmoï>tM§ ^mZ gVV nmimd§ bmJUma Amho. Ë`mgmR>r gw`mo½`
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à{VeãX Z gwMë`mg/ AmT>ië`mg Zì`m OmoS>-eãXm§Mr
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{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 95
 l `mV Amnë`m XoemVrb {d{dY amÁ`m§Vrb Am{U `mda bj bmJb§ hmoV§. 2011 _Ü`o àH$m{eV Pmë`mda
~bw{MñVmZ, A\$Jm{UñVmZ... Vo ñnoZ BQ>br.. Vo A_o[aH$m
gw_mao XrS> dfª gVV dmMH$m§Mo AË`§V _Zñdr \$moZ `oV
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l_Ordr, [ajmdmbo, Q>mJ§ do mbo Vo AYmobmoH$mVrb JwS§ > Aem
"gAmXV hgZ _§Q>mo nwañH$ma' (2012), BMbH$a§OrÀ`m
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A{^ì`º$sV {Od§VnUm amhUma Zmhr; Hw$R>o Img CXÿ© bhoOm
bú_UemñÌr Omoer nwañH$ma' (2013). "_wº$ eãX'Mm
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_mVrMm J§Y XoUmè`m eãXm§Mr `moOZm H$amdr bmJob; J«må`
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96 n gm{hË`
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AZwdmXmMo AZw^d
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AmVm AZwdmX joÌmV AZoH$ df} H$m_ Ho$ë`mda Ago OmUdVo
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_amR>r eãXmbm B§J«Or à{VeãX) {_iVmoM Ago Zmhr.
CXmhaUmW© A{Ve` "H$m°_Z' Agbobm "H$m°_Z goÝg' hm
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AmhoV.
na§Vw gd©gmYmaUnUo _amR>r eãXm§Zm B§J«Or n`m©`
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hmoVmo Am{U Xadoir ViQ>rn XoV Job,§ Va dmMZmbm AS>Wim
`oVmo.
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ho _hÎdmMo R>aVo. Vmo dJ© Oa ^maVr` Agob, Va AJXr
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{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 97
Hw§$Hy$ \$ŠV B§J«OrV {b{hbo Var MmbVo. AbrH$S>o ^maVr`
B§J«Or boIH$ (MoVZ ^JV, Aé§YVr am°` B.) Amnë`m
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Ho$ìhmhr lo`ñH$a; ZmhrVa ""Ë`mZo no` KoVbo'' Aer
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gm{hË`mMo ^mfm§Va VwbZoZo gmono OmVo H$maU Ë`mV eãXm§Mm
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Agm`bm hdm. B§J«Or àH$meH$ {d{dY àH$maMo _oimdo,
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åhUyZ AZoH$Xm _r ^wd`m C§Mmdë`m Joë`mM§ AZw^db§
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nwñVHo$ AZwdm{XV AgVmV. Ë`m_wio _amR>rVrb BVa
àH$meH$m§Mmhr AZwdmXmH$S>o AmoT>m dmT>bm Amho, ho ñnï>
hmoV§. ì`mdgm{`H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZmMr H$mg Yê$Z B§J«Or gm{hË`
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_amR>r H$moUVo à`moJ H$aU§ eŠ` Amho, Ë`mMm Ü`mg
AgÊ`mV _amR>r gm{hË`mbm J¡a H$m dmQ>V§, hoM g_OV
Zmhr. MoVZ ^JVgmaIo boIH$ OmJ{VH$ nmVirdarb
boIH$m§gmaIm ì`mdgm{`H$ Ñ{ï>H$moZ R>odyZ Amnë`m
^{dî`mbm AmH$ma XoV AmhoV. Vmo Ñ{ï>H$moZ _bm _hÎdmMm
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lll
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 109
 XmoZ _ë`mir H${dVm
1. H${dVoMm AZwdmX / - Ho$. gpÀMXmZ§XZ
H$m`mnmbQ>M OUy
nmÊ`mV Va§JUmar _mgmoir
AZwdmXH$ S>moŠ`m§V hmVnm` _maV AgVmo,
dmiyda AmoUdyZ ~gVmo Vmo,
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H${dVoMm AZwdmX åhUOo
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VhmZ ^mJdÊ`mgmR>r
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Xè`mImoè`mVyZ dmhUmè`m dmè`mgmaI§
ZmJS>§-CKS>§ AZ² {dZ`mdZV ìhmd§
110 n gm{hË`
EHo$ {Xder ñdßZmV
_rM _mÂ`m H${dVoMm AZwdmX H$arV hmoVmo
_mÂ`mM ^mfoV
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Am{U S>moH$s IndV AgVmo ^mdmW© bmdÊ`mgmR>r
_bm dmQ>V§
~m~obMm hm _Zmoam H$YrM ~m§YyZ hmoUma Zmhr.
2. ^mfm / - Ho$. gpÀMXmZ§XZ
^mfm§M§ ñdV:M§ Ag§ Ka Zmhr`.
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lm§V-Šbm§V
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_mPr åhUy _r?
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Vr nm`è`m MT>Vo`
^mfm§M§ ñdV:M§ Ag§ Ka Zmhr` {VMo nm` _mIboV JQ>mamVë`m {MIbmZo,
nU Vr da MT>Vo` IwMuda ~gÊ`mgmR>r,
ha`mUdr Amnë`m eoVmV C^r` ^ë`mgmR>r
Imbr _mZ KmbyZ Vr MT>Vo` nañna g§dmXmÀ`m nm`è`m...
Ho$H$mQ>Vr` gwimH$S>o Mmbboë`m nm`è`m
Amnë`m _mbH$m_wio ^oXabobr {¼ñVdYmÀ`m XoImì`mÀ`m nm`è`m.
_¡{Wbr AÚmnr
dZdmgmVM AZwdmX - àH$me ^mV§~«oH$a
~mdaboë`m {nbmoQ>çmgmaIr ~«O Am{U N>ÎmrgJS>r
EH$_oH$m§Zm IoQy>Z Cä`m
Q>rìhrÀ`m nS>Úmda CS>VmZm AmnQ>boë`m
nú`mÀ`m gmdbrV WaWaV

_moH$io Ho$g, dñÌhrZ

d¡îUdr EH$m Q>oH$S>rbm
~ZdVo qghmgZ,
Om{hamVrImbr C^r
CXy© eodQ>Mm JPb JmVo`

_bm _ZmnmgyZ dmQ>Vo H$s

`m eaUmWvgmR>r ~Zdmdm EH$ amO_hmb
Ab~V, _r Zmhr ~Zdy eH$bmo
ñdV:gmR>r EImXo KaQ>o

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 111

 2. Pmon / e§I Kmof

amÌr A§YmamV _mVr_mIb§ Vm|S> AmH$memZ§ YwVb§

Am_À`m Vo bjmVM Amb§ Zmhr
Amåhr Va PmonoVM hmoVmo

ømbm Ë`mbm Pm|~yZ, ZmMyZ Ooìhm JdV Cab§ hmoV§

Am_À`m Vo bjmVM Amb§ Zmhr
Amåhr JmT> PmonoVM hmoVmo

XmoZ ~§Jmbr H${dVm
1. T>J- EH$ _mUyg / e§I Kmof
EImÚm T>JmgmaIm,
Vmo _mUyg _mÂ`m g_moê$Z OmVmo
dmQ>V§, ZwgVm ñne© Ho$bm Var
PamM \w$Q>ob Ë`mÀ`mVyZ!
`m JmT> PmonoV
nmD$g H$Yr AmbmM Zmhr
AmåhrXoIrb nmdgmV {^Obmo Zmhr
Ago AgVmZmhr
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hr gwñV gH$mi
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Vo bjmVM Amb§ Zmhr,
Amåhr PmonoVM hmoVmo.
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Vmo _mUyg _mÂ`m g_moê$Z OmVmo
dmQ>V§, Ë`mÀ`m ~mOybm OmdyZ ~gbmo Va
gmdbrM {ZIiyZ `ooB©b Ë`mÀ`mVyZ!

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VmoM emoYVmo` Amgam?
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_mÂ`m g_moê$Z gaH$Vmo.

EImX {Xdg _rM Ë`mÀ`mOdi

H$Yr Jobmo Va,
H$m` gm§JVm `oV§`
_rXoIrb hmoD$Z OmB©Z EImXm T>J

112 n gm{hË`
 XmoZ Amo[S>`m H${dVm

1. Hw$Ry>Z `oVmV VwPo Aly & Zrb_Ym~ H$ma

_bm R>mD$H$ Zmhr

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_bm R>mD$H$ Zmhr

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nbm`Z Ho$boë`m g_«mQ>m§À`m
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{OWo AJ{UV eVH$m§nmgyZ nSy>Z am{hbobr AmhoV
Ag§»` Wa Am{U nwQ>m§Zr Jwa\$Q>bobo Ordmí_

...Am{U {dñ_¥V H$mbH$moR>S>rÀ`m H$mimoImV

Caboë`m hmS>m§À`m g_doV
EoHy$ `oVmo ZmX
AZmhV.
AZwdmX - amOrd Omoer

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 113

 XmoZ Amgm_r H${dVm
1. àým§M§ MH«$ì`yh / g_ra Vm±Vr
_bm H$iV Zmhr 2. H${dVm / bwË\$m hmZy_ gobr_m ~oJ_
\y$Q>nmWda _mUg§
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_mê$Z Q>mH$VmV? EH$gmaI§ H$YrM ZgV§
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_r AmOhr Hw$Umbm {dMmê$ eH$V Zmhr Amdí`H$ AgV§.
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H$m bmJVmV Zmo{Q>gm
amÌrbm VwH$S>çm§V {d^mJÊ`mgmR>r;
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_r Va Amho XrK©H$mimnmgyZ ^{dî`mgmR>r EH$ Wmir [aH$m_r.
XoeM Zgbobm AZwdmX - AZwn_m COJao

114 n gm{hË`
 XmoZ H$ÝZS> H${dVm
1. ñdßZ§ / __Vm gmJa
Amåhr H$Yr PmonVmo {~N>mÝ`m§da
Amåhr Va PmonVmo ñdßZm§da.
ñdßZm§Zm PQ>Hy$Z
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nb§Jmda ngê$Z
dmQ> nmhV ~gVmV.
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{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 115
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M§nH$, _moJam, _mbVr AZwdmX - EH$ZmW AmìhmS>

116 n gm{hË`
 XmoZ VobwJw H${dVm 2) emoY`mÌr / nm{nZoZr {ede§H$a
Ka ñdÀN> H$aVm H$aVm _mer
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{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 117
 XmoZ H$moH$Ur H${dVm 2. {haÊ`J^© / a_oe ^Jd§V doiwñH$a

1. PmonoMr H${dVm / H$m{eZmW em§~m bmob`|H$ma hm§d

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(hm§d=_r)
(_yi H$moH$Ur H${dVoMm AZwdmX)

118 n gm{hË`
 XmoZ Zonmir H${dVm
1. AIoaMm Moham / IS>H$amO {Jar

Moham,
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hadboë`m amÌr Am{U {Xdgm§Zm
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naV EH$Xm Xwgar H${dVm OÝ_ KoVo
AZwdmX - a_oe gmd§V

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 119

 XmoZ _{Unwar H${dVm 2. AmR>dV§ H$m Vwbm _Zmoa_o / Bbm§J~m_ ZrbH$m§V
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1. ho "`y Ë`y nWmB©', _mÂ`m "gwdm{gH$ Am°H$s©S>\w$bm'
/ gmogmo Wm_ AmR>dV§ H$m Vwbm, _Zmoa_o?
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120 n gm{hË`
OUy Vr \w$b§ hmoVr VwÂ`m OrdZmMr... Vr \$i§ hmoVr _mÂ`mAmUë`m...
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{H$Vr Hw$Å> H$mù`m amÌtZr Amnë`m OrdZmV A§Ymagmdë`m AZwdmX - g{dVm Xm_bo

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 121

 XmoZ S>moJar H${dVm 2. _rnU / b{bV _§JmoÌm

1. ~è`mMXm H${dVm... / b{bV _§JmoÌm _mPr H$m`m

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122 n gm{hË`
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4. {H$aU `obo : ~r.H$m°_., E_.E. (gm{hË`) {X Ý`y B§{S>`m EÝewaÝg H§$. {b._Ü`o àemgH$s` A{YH$mar. Mm¡Ï`m§À`m
H${dVm d ~mB©À`m H${dVm Ago XmoZ H${dVmg§J«h Zmdmda. VgoM H$WmboIZ, ñV§^boIZ Am{U H$mhr dm{hÝ`m§da
g§dmXboIZ. Ë`m§À`m "gAmXV hgZ _§Q>mo'À`m H$Wm§da AmYm[aV XmoZ A§H$s ZmQ>H$mbm "CËH¥$ï> g§{hVm'Mm _hmamï´>
amÁ` nwañH$ma. VgoM Ë`m§À`m gm{hË`mMo qhXr, _ë`mi_, n§Om~r d B§J«Or ^mfm§_Ü`o AZwdmX Pmbo AmhoV.
(^«_UÜdZr : 9869260780)

5. àH$me ^mVå~«Ho $a : Á`oð> AZwdmXH$. Joë`m 45 dfmªnmgyZ qhXr-_amR>r-qhXr ^mfm§Va H$m`m©er g§b½Z. qhXrV AZwdmX
Ho$bobr 55 nwñVHo$ àH$m{eV. qhXrVyZ _amR>rV 5-6 nwñVH$m§Mo AZwdmX. VgoM 115 _amR>r H$Wm, 175 H${dVm§Mo
qhXrV AZwdmX. H|$Ð gaH$ma, _hmamï´> amÁ` qhXr gm{hË` AH$mX_r, ^maVr` AZwdmX n[afX, {Xëbr Am{X g§ñWm§Mo
nwañH$ma Ë`m§Zm bm^bo AmhoV. (^«_UÜdZr : 9324409490)

6. M§ÐH$m§V ^m|Omi : ~r.H$m°_., E_.E. (_amR>r) AmH$medmUrV 14 df} {Z{_©Vr gmhmæ`H$, Z§Va `ed§Vamd MìhmU
_wŠV {dÚmnrR>mV {d^mJr` g§MmbH$, {d^mJà_wI åhUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo. ào_M§X, ^rî_ ghmZr, gAmXV hgZ _§Q>mo,
_mohZ amHo$e, A_¥Vm àrV_, _ÝZy ^§S>mar AmXtÀ`m gm{hË`H¥$VtMo AZwdmX Ho$bo. EHy$U 27 nwñVHo$ àH$m{eV. gm{hË`
AH$mX_rMm AZwdmXmgmR>r amï´>r` nmVirdaMm nwañH$ma àmßV (1997)
(^«_UÜdZr : 9757061772)

7. lràH$me A{YH$mar : g§ñH¥$V-_amR>r, B§J«Or AW©emñÌ {df`mV E_.E. ~r.ES>. åh¡gyaÀ`m g|Q´>b BpÝñQ>Q>çyQ> Am°\$
B§{S>`Z b±½doOgo _YyZ V{_i ^mfoMr nX{dH$m. 35 df} Á`w{Z`a H$m°bO
o _Ü`o B§JO
« rMo AÜ`mnZ. VrZ V{_i H$mX§~è`m,
EH$ V{_i H$Wmg§J«h `m§Mr _amR>r ^mfm§Vao Am{U XmoZ _amRr nwñVH$m§Mm B§J«Or AZwdmX. gm{hË` AH$mX_rgmR>r
_w. _oVm `m§À`m H${dVmg§J«hmMo _amR>r ^mfm§Va. (^«_UÜdZr : 9503737112)

124 n gm{hË`
8. S>m°. gwb^m H$moao : E_. E. (qhXr gm{hË`) Am{U qhXr gm{hË`m_Ü`o nrEM.S>r. àmá. qhXr _amR>r nÌH$m[aVoV Jobr
25 df} {d{dY àH$maMo boIZ Ho$bo Amho. Mma _amR>r nwñVH$m§Mo qhXr AZwdmX Am{U nmM qhXr nwñVH$m§Mo _amR>r
AZwdmX àH$m{eV. VgoM ghm ñdV§Ì nwñVHo$. qhXr `moJXmZmgmR>r gmañdV gÝ_mZ, _hmamï´> qhXr AH$mX_r nwañH$ma,
_. Jm§Yr Am§Vaamï´>r` qhXr {dœ {dÚmb` dYm©Mm qhXr godm gÝ_mZ AmXr AZoH$ nwañH$ma Ë`m§Zm bm^bo AmhoV.
(^«_UÜdZr : 9820468919)

9. S>m°. bú_rZmam`U ~moëbr : S>r. {bQ>. _yi VobwJw ^mfH$. Ë`m§Zr _amR>rV VgoM VobwJw_YyZ _amR>rV AZoH$ nwñVHo$
{b{hbr. Ë`m§Mr _amR>rV ñdV§Ì nwñVHo$ Mm¡Xm AgyZ AZwdm{XV nwñVH$m§Mr g§»`m VoamhÿZ A{YH$ Amho. AZoH$
{dÚmnrR>m_§ YyZ Ë`m§Zr emoY{Z~§YmMo dmMZ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`m§À`m nwñVH$m§Zm X_mUr gm{hË` nwañH$ma, _hmamï´> \$mC§S>e
o ZMm
nwañH$ma, _hmamï´> emgZmMm CËH¥$ï> dmL²>_` nwañH$mamgh AZoH$ gm{hË` nwañH$ma bm^bo AmhoV.
(^«_UÜdZr : 9850074141)

10. S>m.° C_m Hw$bH$Uu : E_.E. ({MÌH$bm) Am{U Ð{dS> Xodmb`oda nrEM.S>r. àmßV. VrZ ñdV§Ì nwñVHo$, XmoZ g§nm{XV
J«W§ Am{U 38-40 _hÎdmÀ`m H$ÝZS> boIH$m§Mr 54 nwñVHo$ AZwdm{XV Ho$br AmhoV, Ë`mV d§ed¥j, nd©, AZ§V_yVu
`m§À`m H$Wm, ZmJ_§S>i hr _hÎdmMr nwñVHo$. gm{hË` AH$mX_rMm AZwdmX nwañH$ma 1990 _Ü`o Ë`m§Zm {_imbm.
VgoM _hmamï´> \$mC§S>oeZ, gw.b. JÐo, XþJm© ^mJdV, Or.E. Hw$bH$Uu Am{X nwañH$ma. H$Zm©Q>H$ gaH$maV\}$ "Hw$d|nw
^mfm^maVr' {deof gÝ_mZmÀ`m _mZH$ar. (^«_UÜdZr : 9423572550)

11. {dbmg {JVo : E_.E. (B§p½be). _amR>r, B§p½be, qhXr d ~§Jmbr ^mfm AdJV. àma§^r B§p½beMo AÜ`mnZ Ho$bo,
AmVm {Zd¥Îm. gÜ`m nyUd© i
o AZwdmXmMo H$m_ H$aVmV. "adtÐZmWm§À`m ghdmgmV' `m AZwdm{XV nwñVH$mbm gm{hË`
AH$mXo_rMm amï´>r` nwañH$ma bm^bm. Ë`m{edm` ~oiJmdÀ`m gm§JmVr gm{hË` AH$mXo_rMm Am{U {X Jmodm qhXÿ
Agmo{gEeZMm Or.E. Hw$bH$Uu nwañH$ma Ë`m§Zm bm^bm. (^«_UÜdZr : 9764316921)

12. S>m°. H$_b Aä`§H$a : E_.E. g§ñH¥$V, "amOeoIaMr H$maU_r_m§gm' `m {df`mda nrEM.S>r. àmßV. Eg.EZ.S>r.Q>r.
{dÚmnrR>mV 39 df} g§ñH¥$VMo AÜ`mnZ, g§ñH¥$V {d^mJ à_wI åhUyZ {Zd¥Îm. AZoH$ emoY{Z~§Y à{gÕ. Jrdm©UgwYm
_wInÌmÀ`m gÜ`m à_wI g§nmXH$. EH$ _amR>r Am{U ghm g§ñH¥$V nwñVHo$ àH$m{eV. Ë`m§Zm n§. dobUH$a, g§ñH¥$V
H$m`©H$Vm© nwañH$ma Am{U ~«m÷Ug^m ({JaJmd)Mm JwéVwë` nwañH$ma Ago XmoZ nwañH$ma bm^bo.
(^«_UÜdZr : 9821343334)

13. {_qbX M§nmZoaH$a : "bmoH$emhrdmXr Aå_rg... XrK©nÌ' `m AZwdm{XV nwñVH$mgmR>r Ë`m§Zm gm{hË` AH$mX_r nwañH$ma
(2016), amÁ` nwañH$ma (2013) Am{U AÝ` 3 nwañH$ma bm^bo. Ë`m{edm` ghm AZwdm{XV nwñVHo$. `m§Zr KS>db§
ghñÌH$ Am{U Agm KS>bm ^maV `m J«§WmMo ghg§nmXZ d boIZ Ho$bo. Ë`m§Zr "B§{S>`Z EŠgàog'gmR>r nÌH$m[aVm
(1993-2000) Ho$br Am{U VrZ XeHo$ _amR>r {Z`VH$m{bH$m§gmR>r {MÌnQ>{df`H$ d amOH$s` {dûbofUmË_H$
{bImU H$arV AmhoV. (^«_UÜdZr : 9823248003)

14. àm. Cfm Vm§~o : ZmJnya {dÚmnrR>mVyZ E_.E. (B§J«Or) gwdU©nXH$ {dOoË`m. _w§~B© {dÚmnrR>mVyZ E_.{\$b. Ho$bo.
_w~§ B©À`m {d{dY _hm{dÚmb`mVyZ B§JO« rMo AÜ`mnZ, gÜ`m {Zd¥Îm. b{bVJÚ, H$Wm, AZwdmX Aem àH$mamV boIZ.
H$hmUr H$mo`ZoMr d n[aKm~mhoa (H$Wm) `m nwñVH$m§Zm _hmamîQ´> emgZmMo nwañH$ma. qhXþñWmZmVyZ ~mhoa (H$mX§~ar)
Am{U Om{Ud (H$Wm) `m AZwdm{XV nwñVH$m§Zm AZw. _.gm.n. nwUo Am{U _hmamï´> emgZ `m§Mo CËH¥$ï> AZwdmX nwañH$ma
bm^bo. A.^m. _amR>r gm{hË` _hm_§S>imÀ`m _mOr AÜ`j d gÜ`m gXñ` Am{U gm{hË` g§KmÀ`m gÜ`m
H$m`m©Ü`j. (^«_UÜdZr : 9820325473)
{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 125
15. gXmZ§X S>~ra : n{ü_ aoëdoV ZmoH$ar. d[að> {dÚwV A{^`§Vm åhUyZ {Zd¥Îm. JOb hm H$mì`àH$ma boIZmMm d
Aä`mgmMm {df`. nmM JObg§J«h. EH$ boIg§J«h Am{U EH$ AZwdmX hr nwñVHo$ Ë`m§À`m Zmdmda AmhoV. VgoM
g§JrV ZmQ>H$o , g§JrV àhgZo, XÿaXe©Z_m{bH$m, Üd{Z{\$Vr Am{U _amR>r {MÌnQ> `mgmR>r Ë`m§Zr JrVboIZ Ho$bo Amho.
AZoH$ _wem`è`mV Ë`m§Zr _amR>r JObm gmXa Ho$ë`m AmhoV. (^«_UÜdZr : 9819178420)

16. `moOZm `mXd : gÜ`m _ohVm npãbqeJ hmD$g_Ü`o g§nmXH$ åhUyZ H$m_ nmhVmV. Ë`m§Zm nÌH$m[aH$VoMm ~mam dfm©Mm
AZw^d AgyZ ghmam g_`, Ý`yO EŠg Aem H$mhr d¥Îmdm{hÝ`m§_YyZ H$m_ Ho$bo. VgoM X¡. Jmo_§VH$_Ü`o (4 df})
nÌH$m[aVm Ho$br. ñWbm§V[aVm§À`m àýmda ~±H$m°H$ Wm`b§S> `oWo Pmboë`m Am§Vaamï´>r` n[afXoV Ë`m§Zr nÌH$ma åhUyZ
^maVmMo à{V{Z{YËd Ho$bo. (^«_UÜdZr : 9579760123)

n H${dVm AZwdmXH$
1. àH$me ^mVå~«oH$a : Á`oð> AZwdmXH$. ^«_UÜdZr : 9324409490
2. Zmam`U bmio : Á`oîR> H$dr d AZwdmXH$. ^«_UÜdZr : 9987924199
3. amOrd Omoer : à{gÕ H$dr d boIH$. ^«_UÜdZr : 9594074453
4. S>m°. AZwn_m COJao : à{gÕ H$d{`Ìr d AZwdm{XH$m. ^«_UÜdZr : 9920102089
5. EH$ZmW AmìhmS> : à{gÕ ~mbH$WmboIH$ d H$dr. ^«_UÜdZr : 9821777968
6. AemoH$ JwßVo : n«{gÕ H$dr d AZwdmXH$. ^«_UÜdZr : 9819440910
7. a_oe ^. doiwñH$a : à{gÕ H$moH$Ur d _amR>r H$dr. ^«_UÜdZr : 9420688461
8. a_oe gmd§V : à{gÕ H$dr d AZwdmXH$. ^«_UÜdZr : 9821262767
9. g{dVm Xm_bo : à{gÕ AZwdm{XH$m d H$d{`Ìr. ^«_UÜdZr : 9930311546
gm^ma nmoM
l Amgm_r b. {d.
b. {d. VmdS>o, ñZohm VmdS>o, _w§~B©-400097, n¥ðo>-131
l Jwb_moha
gy`©H$m§V Am§JUo, {gÕmW© àH$meZ, _w§~B©, n¥ðo>-68, _yë`-é. 75/-
l gy`m©À`m gmjrZo
gy`©H$m§V Am§JUo, {gÕmW© àH$meZ, _w§~B©, n¥ð>o-80, _yë`-é. 75/-
l nmadm
à_moX Zm_Xodamd ~moagao, h[ad§e àH$meZ, M§Ðnya-442401, n¥ðo>-155, _yë`-é. 700/-
l Pw~ § S>
am_M§Ð ZbmdS>o, {XbrnamO àH$meZ àm. {b., nwUo-411030, n¥ð>o-302, _yë`-400/-
l gagaVr ~marH$ ga
{dO` Im{S>bH$a, AZKm àH$meZ, nwUo-400603. n¥ð>o-126, _yë`-150/-
l nma§ã`m
{dO` Im{S>bH$a, AZKm àH$meZ, R>mUo-400603, n¥ð>o-126, _yë`-140/-
l Xoe {dXoem§À`m amï´>r` {dMmaYmam
S>m°. AemoH$ _moS>H$/àm. à^mH$a ZmZH$a/àm. Zmam`U JwUo, H$m°pÝQ>ZoÝQ>b àH$meZ, nwUo-411030,
n¥ð>o-254, _yë`-300/-

126 n gm{hË`
 A{^Z§XZ
AemoH$ ~|S>Iio `mZ§m ~mbgm{hË` nwañH$ma
~mba§OZ _§M H$moëhmnya, `m g§ñWoMo CËH¥$ï> ~mbgm{hË` nwañH$ma 2016 ZwH$VoM Omhra
Pmbo. boIH$ AemoH$ ~|S>Iio `m§Zr {b{hboë`m Am{U _w§~B©À`m amOm àH$meZmZo àH$m{eV
Ho$boë`m "_hmamï´>mÀ`m n§MH$Ý`m' `m nwñVH$ g§Mmbm "M[aÌ' dmL²>_` àH$mamV CËH¥$ï>
~mbgm{hË` nwañH$ma XoD$Z Jm¡a{dÊ`mV Ambo.
"_hmamï´>mÀ`m n§MH$Ý`m' `m nmM nwñVH$m§À`m g§KmV gm{dÌr~mB© \w$bo, n§{S>Vm a_m~mB©,
a_m~mB© amZS>o, bú_r~mB© {Q>iH$ Am{U AmZ§Xr~mB© H$d} `m nmM H$V¥©ËddmZ pñÌ`m§Mr N>moQ>r
M[aÌo Hw$_ma d`mVrb _wbm§gmR>r ~mbgwb^ ^mfoV {MVmabr AmhoV.
gmZo JwéOr Amamo½` _§{Xa {ejUg§ñWoÀ`m amÁ`ñVar` ~mbgm{hË` nwañH$mamZ§Va Joë`m
VrZ _{hÝ`mV lr. ~|S>Iio `m§À`m `m nwñVH$m§Zm {_imbobm hm Xþgam ~mbgm{hË` nwañH$ma
Amho. gÝ_mZnÌ Am{U amoI aŠH$_ `m ñdê$nmVë`m `m nwañH$mamMo {dVaU gßQ>~| a _{hÝ`mV
H$moëhmnya `oWo EH$m g_ma§^mV H$aÊ`mV Ambo.

EH$ZmW AmìhmS> `m§À`m nwñVH$mbm CËH¥$ï> J«§W{Z{_©Vr nwañH$ma

Am{U ~mbgm{hË` nwañH$ma
n A{Ib ^maVr` _amR>r àH$meH$ g§KmMm ~mbgm{hË` àH$mamV CËH¥$ï> J«§W{Z{_©Vr
nwañH$ma ~mbgm{hpË`H$ EH$ZmW AmìhmS> `m§Zr {b{hboë`m Am{U {XbrnamO
àH$meZmZo à{gÕ Ho$boë`m "EH$Xm H$m` Pmb§' `m ~mbH$Wmg§Jh« mbm nwUo `oWo Am°JñQ>
2017 _Ü`o g_ma§^nyd©H$ XoÊ`mV Ambm.
n EH$ZmW AmìhmS> `m§Zr {b{hboë`m "Am^mimMm \$im' `m H$mì`g§J«hmbm H$madm
à{Vð>mZ nmbIoS>-Zm{eH$ `m g§ñWoMm ñd. qMVm_U e§. C_b_wJbo ñ_¥Vr
~mbgm{hË` nwañH$ma ZwH$VmM Omhra Pmbm. amoI aŠH$_, gÝ_mZ{MÝh Am{U _mZnÌ
Aem ñdê$nmMm hm nwañH$ma bdH$aM g_ma§^nyd©H$ XoÊ`mV `oUma Amho.

lÕm§Obr
_Yy Xidr, Zmam`U aoÈ>r, Or.Eg. ~m§XHo $a, Jmonmi XþIS§ >,o _§Je
o V|S>w bH$a, C_m ^|S>,o {dO`
ImVy, àm. `enmb, _YwH$a Jm`H$dmS>, {earf n¡, AéU gmYy, h._mo. _amR>o, _ëhma T>Jo

{Xdmir A§H$ 2017 n 127

 _w§~B© _amR>r gm{hË` g§K
AÜ`j : nÙlr _Yw _§Joe H${U©H$
{dídñV : lr_Vr AMbm Omoer, lr. àdrU H$mQ>dr, g°{b. {dO`m {XdoH$a, lr gVreM§Ð åhmÌo, lr. àH$me
nmJo
CnmÜ`j : lr. JwéZmW Xidr, lr. _ëhma am_amd T>Jo, lr. _mYd ImS>rbH$a, lr. AÀ`wV JUoe \$S>Ho$,
lr. A_moX `ed§V CgnH$a
{Z`m_H$ _§S>i gXñ` : S>m°. CÁdbm _oh|Xio, àm. Cfm Vm§~o, lr. ñdm_rHw$_ma ~mUmdbrH$a, lr. nÙmH$a
{eadmS>H$a àm. à{V^m Om°`Xrn {~ñdmg, lr. EH$ZmW Zahar AmìhmS>, lr. Za|Ð nmR>H$, lr. à_moX ndma,
lr. AaqdX {niJmdH$a, lr. gwhmg ZmJZmW draH$a, lr. AemoH$ ~|S>Iio, àm. à{V^m gam\$, lr_Vr gm{dÌr
hoJSo>, lr. {Xbrn ^mQ>dSo>H$a, lr_Vr eHw§$Vbm _wù`o, lr. {dbmg åhm_UH$a, lr. Zmam`U namS>H$a,
lr. AaqdX XÎmmam_ H$n}, lr. _YwH$a am_M§Ð eoOdbH$a, lr. à{dU dg§VHw$_ma Y¡`d© mZ, lr. gwYra OJÞmW
R>mHw$a, àm. gwhm{gZr H$s{V©H$a, lr. gwZrb _oh|Xio, lr. C_oe nS>iH$a, lr. M§ÐeoIa JmoIbo, lr. _Zmoha
gmo_U, lr. O`amO gmiJmdH$a, S>m°. amOmam_ A_¥V ^mboamd, S>m°. ApídZr ^mboamd-Jm§Yr, lr. gw^mf
^mJdV, lr_Vr _mo{ZH$m JO|ÐJS>H$a, lr. amo{hXmg nm§Jo, gm¡. Amem àVmn _wiJmdH$a, S>m°. eem§H$ àVmn
_wiJmdH$a, lr. `ed§V naewam_ {^So>, lr_Vr _§Jbm n§{S>V
ñdrH¥$V gXñ` : lr_Vr YZlr Yman, lr_Vr aoIm Zmd}H$a, lr. Z§XHw$_ma _m§OaoH$a, lr_Vr e¡bOm åhmÌo
H$m`©H$mar _§S>i gXñ` : S>m.° am. A. ^mboamd, lr_Vr Amem _wiJmdH$a, àm. Cfm Vm§~,o S>m.° C‚dbm _ohX| io,
lr. gw^mf ^mJdV, lr. {Xbrn ^mQ>dSo>H$a, lr. _Zmoha gmo_U, lr. {dbmg åhm_UH$a, lr. AemoH$ ~|S>Iio,
lr. M§ÐeoIa JmoIbo, lr. amo{hXmg nm§Jo
ñdrH¥$V : lr. ñdm_rHw$_ma ~mUmdbrH$a, àm. gwhm{gZr H$s{V©H$a
nXm{YH$mar
H$m`m©Ü`j : àm. Cfm Vm§~o
H$mofmÜ`j : lr_Vr Amem _wiJmdH$a
à_wI H$m`©dmh : S>m°. am.A. VWm ~mi ^mboamd
ZmQ>çemIm H$m`©dmh : lr. gw^mf ^mJdV
gm{hË`emIm H$m`©dmh : S>m°. CÁÁdbm _oh|Xio
g§K_§{Xa ì`dñWmnZ H$m`©dmh : lr. {Xbrn ^mQ>dS>oH$a

128 n gm{hË`