A mercury barometer reads 26.45 m.

(a) what would be the corresponding reading of a water

barometer? (b) what is the atmospheric pressure in pounds per square inch? (c) what is the approximate
elevation above sea level, assuming normal atmospheric conditions? Neglect vapor pressure.

Given:

h= 26.45 in Hg

Required:

(a) Reading of water barometer

(b) Patm in lb/in2
(c) Elevation above sea level

Solution:
34 𝑓𝑡 𝐻2 𝑂
(a) 26.45 in. Hg x 30 𝑖𝑛.𝐻𝑔
= 30 ft H2O

p= wh
𝑝𝑠𝑖 26.45
p= 0.434 x 13.6 x ft Hg
𝑓𝑡 𝐻𝑔 12

p= 13.01 psi

𝑝
h= 𝑤
13.01 𝑝𝑠𝑖
= 𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 29.976 ft H2O
0.434
𝑓𝑡 𝐻2 𝑂

= 30 ft H2O

(b) Patm= wh p= 13.01 – 14.7 = 1.69 psi

𝑝𝑠𝑖 26.45 𝑖𝑛2
= 0.434 x 13.6 𝑓𝑡 𝐻𝑔 x 12
𝑓𝑡 𝐻𝑔 1.69 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑥 144
𝑓𝑡2
h= 𝑙𝑏
0.0765
𝑓𝑡3
= 13.01 psia
𝑝 h= 3200 ft
(c) h= 𝑤
 On a mountain, the barometric pressure is 24 in. of mercury at 32 °F.

(a) what is the pressure in pounds per square inch?

(b) Assuming normal atmospheric conditions, approximately how high is the mountain above sea
level

Given:

h= 24 in. Hg

Required:

Pressure in lb/in2

Height of mountain above sea level

Solution:

p= wh
𝑝𝑠𝑖 24
p= 0.434 x 13.6 𝑓𝑡 𝐻𝑔
x 12 ft Hg

p= 11.805 psi

p @ 5280 ft= 12.08 psi

p @ 6000 ft= 11.76 psi

by interpolation
5280 12.08
𝑥( ) 0.275
5280 + 𝑥 11.805
720 6000 11.76 0.32
0.725
x= 720 ( )
0.32

x= 618.75 ft

H= 5280 + 618.75

H= 5898.75 ft

H= 5900 ft
 In fig. A, find the pressure head and the pressure at m when:

(a) Fluid A is water, fluid B is mercury, z= 15in.; y= 30 in.

(b) Fluid A is oil (sp gr= 0.80), fluid B is a calcium chloride solution (sp gr= 1.25), z= 12in.; y= 8 ft
(c) Fluid A is gas (w=0.04 lb/ft3), fluid B is water, z= 5 in; y= 15 in.

How much does the value of y affect the result?

Solution:

(a) A- H2O y= 30 in
B- Hg z= 15 in

At right leg:

P2= wBz
𝑝𝑠𝑖 15
P2= 0.434 x 13.6 𝑓𝑡 𝐻𝑔 x 12 ft Hg

P2= 7.378 psi

AT left leg:

P2= Pm + wAy
𝑝𝑠𝑖 30
P2= Pm + 0.434 𝑓𝑡 𝐻 x 12 ft H2O
2𝑂

P2= Pm + 1.085 psi

Equating:

Pm= 7.378-1.085

Pm= 6.293 psi

𝑃𝑚 6.283 𝑝𝑠𝑖
hm= 𝑤
= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
0.434
𝑓𝑡 𝐻2 𝑂

hm= 14.5 H2O

 (b) A- oil (sp gr= 0.80) 𝑙𝑏
(c) A- gas (w= 0.04 𝑓𝑡 3
B- calcium chloride solution (sp gr 1.25)
B- water
y= 8ft
Y= 15 in.
z= 12 in
Z= 5 in.
At right leg
At right leg
P2= wBz
P2= wBz
𝑝𝑠𝑖
P2= 0.434 x 1.25 x 1ft Cal.Chl. 𝑝𝑠𝑖 5
𝑓𝑡 𝐶𝑎𝑙.𝐶ℎ𝑙. P2= 0.434 𝑓𝑡 𝐻 x 12 ft H2O
2𝑂
P2= 0.5425 psi
P2= 0.181 psi
At left leg
At left leg:
P2= Pm + wAy
P2= Pm + wAy
𝑝𝑠𝑖
P2= Pm + 0.434 x 0.80 𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑖𝑙
x 8ft oil 𝑙𝑏 1 𝑓𝑡 2 5
P2= Pm + 0.04 𝑓𝑡 3 x 144 𝑖𝑛2 x 12 ft
P2= Pm + 27776 psi
P2= Pm +0.000347 psi
Equating:
Equating:
Pm= 0.5425 – 2.7776
Pm= 0.181 – 0.000347
Pm= -2.235 psi
Pm= 0.180653 psi
𝑃
hm= 𝑤𝑚 𝑃𝑚
hm= 𝑤
−2.235 𝑝𝑠𝑖
hm= 𝑝𝑠𝑖 0.18065 𝑝𝑠𝑖
0.434 𝑥 0.8
𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑖𝑙 hm= 𝑙𝑏 1𝑓𝑡2
0.04 ( )
𝑓𝑡3 144 𝑖𝑛2
hm= -6.44 ft oil
hm= 650 ft of gas
 In fig. B, find the pressure head at m in feet of fluid A when:

(a) Fluid A is water, fluid is mercury, z= 15 in., y=30 in.

(b) Fluid A is sea water (sp gr 1.03), fluid B is bromoform (sp gr 2.87) z=12 in, y= 8 ft

Solution:

(a) B- Hg z= 15in
A- H2O y= 30 in

At right leg

PL= wBz
𝑝𝑠𝑖 15
PL= 0.434 x 13.6 𝑓𝑡 𝐻𝑔 x 12 ft Hg

PL= 7.38 psi

At left leg

Pm= PL + wAy
𝑝𝑠𝑖 30
Pm= 7.38 psi + 0.434 𝑓𝑡 𝐻 x 12 ft H2O
2𝑂

Pm= 8.465 psi

𝑃𝑚 8.465 𝑝𝑠𝑖
hm= = 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑤 0.434
𝑓𝑡 𝐻2 𝑂

hm= 19.5 ft of H2O

(b) B- bromoform (sp gr 2.87) 𝑝𝑠𝑖

Pm= 1.246 + 0.434 (1.03) x 8 sw
𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑤
A- Seawater (sp gr 1.03
Pm= 4.826 psi
At right leg
4.826 𝑝𝑠𝑖
𝑝𝑠𝑖 hm= 𝑝𝑠𝑖
PL= 0.434 (2.87) 𝑓𝑡 𝐵𝑟 x 1 ft Br 0.434 𝑥 1.03
𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑤

PL= 1.246 psi hm= 10.8 ft sea water

AT left leg

Pm= PL + wAy
 In fig. F, fluids A and C are air, fluid B is water, z= 14in, find the gage pressure at m and absolute
pressure assuming standard atmospheric conditions.

Given:

A &C – air Required:

B – H2O Pm (gage and abs

z= 14 in.

Solution: wA = 0 for air

At middle leg .: Pm= -wBz

P2 – P1 = wBz  1 𝑝𝑠𝑖
Pm= -0.434 𝑓𝑡 𝐻
14
x 12 ft H2O
2𝑂
At left leg
Pm= -0.506 psig
Pm – P1 = wAy  2
Pabs= Pg + Patm

At standard conditions,
Equating 1 and 2:
Patm= 14.7 psia
P-P2 = wAy - wBz
Pabs= -0.506 + 14.7
P2 = 0, contact with atmosphere
Pabs= 14.194 psia