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Chemistry
Paper 2
2 ½ hours

PERSIDANGAN KEBANGSAAN PENGETUA

SEKOLAH MENENGAH MALAYSIA (CAWANGAN MELAKA)

PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SIJIL TINGGI PERSEKOLAHAN MALAYSIA

2009

CHEMISTRY
PAPER 2
STRUCTURE AND ESSAY
Two and a half hours

Instructions to candidates:
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL
YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
For examiner's use

Answer all questions in Section A. Write your answers in 1

the spaces provided. All working should be shown. 2
For numerical answers, units should be quoted wherever they are
appropriate. 3
Answer any four questions in Section B. Write your 4
answers on the answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a
5
fresh sheet of paper and arrange your answers in numerical
order. Tie your answer sheets to this question paper. 6
A Data Booklet is provided as in page 11 to 14 7
8
9
10

Total

This question paper consists of 14 printed pages

©PKPSM 2009
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 OMEGA TUITION CENTRE
Name of student : ________________________________ Teacher’s Name : Mr Chew Chin Kuen
Subject : Chemistry Form 6 Class Attend : UPPer 6 CHEM 5
Chapter : REVISION OF CHEMISTRY lesson 44 : (10 OCT 2010) 10.45 – 12.45
P.m
Section A [40 marks]
Answer all questions in this section

1. (a) The yellow gas, chlorine dioxide, ClO2, has been used for many years as flour-
improving agent in bread-making. It can be made in the laboratory by the following reaction.
2AgClO3(s) + Cl2(g) → 2AgCl(s) + 2ClO2(g) + O2(g) ΔH = 0 kJ
(i) Give the oxidation state of Cl in ClO2. [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Chlorine dioxide disproportionates to form a mixture of chlorate(III) and chlorate(V) ions in
alkaline solution. Write a balanced equation to illustrate the reaction that occurs. [1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Given that the standard enthalpies of formation of AgClO3 and AgCl are -25 kJmol-1 and
-127 kJ mol-1 respectively, calculate and comment on the value of the standard enthalpy of
formation of chlorine dioxide.
[4
marks]

Comment: ……….…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The standard electrode potentials of the following systems are given below:
Systems Eθ / V
ClO2(aq) + 4H+(aq) + 5e  Cl- (aq) + 2H2O(l) +1.50
S(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2e  H2S(aq) +0.14
By using the standard electrode potentials given above, predict whether chlorine dioxide in an
acidic solution reacts with aqueous hydrogen sulphide. Give your reasoning. [4 marks]

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2. Part of the process by which coal can be converted into a combustible mixture of gases
involves passing steam over white hot coke.
H2O(g) + C(s) H2(g) + CO(g) ΔH= +131 kJmol-1
(a) For the reaction above, write an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kp.
[1 mark]

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(b) The system above is in equilibrium. State how the value of Kp and the equilibrium position
would be affected when [6 marks]
(i) the pressure of the system is increased.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) the temperature is increased.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) some carbon is added to the system.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(c) When steam was passed over coke at 700 oC, at equilibrium, the partial pressure of water
vapour was found to be 80 kPa and the equilibrium constant, Kp, was found to be 180 x 103 Pa.
Calculate the equilibrium partial pressure of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide gas at 700 oC.
[3 marks]

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3. (a). In the industrial preparation of aluminium from naturally occurring bauxite, the
following route is employed:

INSOLUBLE RESIDUE

IMPURE NaOH
BAUXITE

SOLUBLE Al2O3 INSOLUBLE

ALUMINIUM ALUMINIUM
COMPOUND A added COMPOUND B

heat strongly
electrolysis
ALUMINIUM ELECTROLYTIC REFRACTORY
MELT COMPOUND C

i. Give the formula of each of the compounds A, B, C, and D.

A: ..................................................................................................................................................

B: ..................................................................................................................................................

C: ..................................................................................................................................................

D: ..................................................................................................................................................

ii. What type of chemical bonding would you expect to be present in the refractory compound
C? [5 marks]

.......................................................................................................................................................

(b). (i) Draw the structure and name the shape of the hydrated aluminium ion. [2 marks]

Structure:

Shape: ..........................................................................................................................................

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 ii. Write an equation to show the hydrolysis of the hydrated aluminium ion in water.
[1 mark]
.......................................................................................................................................................

(c) Give one physical property of the aluminium metal and state one use of the metal related to
this property. [2 marks]

Physical property: ........................................................................................................................

Use: ..............................................................................................................................................

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4. (a) Write the structural formulae of the products formed when the following compound
OH
|

CH = CHCH2OH

reacts with

(i) sodium metal [1 mark]

(ii) sodium hydroxide solution [1 mark]

(iii) ethanoic acid in the presence of concentrated sulphuric (VI) acid and warmed.
[1 mark]

(iv) dilute nitric(V) acid [1 mark]

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4. (b) Write the structural formulae of the following compounds.
(i) P, C8H10O, reacts with phosphorous(V) chloride to release white fumes of HCl and
forms iodoform with alkaline iodine solution.
(ii) Q, C8H10O, reacts with phosphorous(V) chloride to release white fumes of HCl and
forms dicarboxylic acid when oxidised by acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.
(iii) R, C4H8O2, which after hydrolysis with dilute acid, produces an alcohol which gives
a positive iodoform test, and a carboxylic acid which can decolourise acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution.
(iv) S, C3H7NO, does not react with cold aqueous sodium hydroxide but liberates
ammonia when the reaction mixture is heated.
P Q

R S

[4 marks]

(c) CHO CH2CH2CHO CH2COCH3

T U V
Which of the the above compounds can be converted to

OH
|
CH2 – C - COOH
|
CH3

(i) ..........................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the structural formula of the intermediate compound.
[1 mark]

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 Section B [60 marks]

Answer any four questions in this section.

5. (a) Chlorine consists of two isotopes, 35Cl and 37Cl in the abundance ratio of 3:1.
Apart from the lines due to atomic ions, the mass spectrum of a chloride of phosphorus contains
9 lines arranged in 3 groups. The sample consists only phosphorous-31.

Group m/e value

A 66,68
B 101,103,105
C 136,138,140,142

(i) Give the formula of the single ion responsible for the lines formed in Group A, Group B and
Group C. [3 marks]
(ii) Give the formula of the ion responsible for the lines formed at m/e 136, 138, 140 and 142.
[4 marks]
(iii) Predict the abundance ratio of the various m/e values shown in Group C.
[2 marks]
(b) (i) Give two reasons why Xenon shows the greatest deviation from ideal behaviour
compared with other elements in Group 18. [2 marks]
(ii) State two conditions when real gases behave almost like ideal gases. [2 marks]

(iii) At a temperature of 300 K, 2.79 g of a mixture of gases occupies a volume of 1.00 dm3 at a
pressure of 8.0 x 104 Pa. Calculate the average relative molecular mass of this mixture of gases.
[2 marks]

6. (a) A student on a field trip investigates some disused lead workings which have been
flooded for some time. The presence of lead(II) ions in the water is to be demonstrated by
precipitating yellow lead(II) iodide.
(i) Write an expression for the solubility product of lead(II) iodide. [1 mark]
o -9 3 -9
(ii) At 15 C, the solubility product of lead(II) iodide is 4.0 x 10 mol dm . Find the solubility of
lead(II) iodide in a 0.20 moldm-3 solution of sodium iodide solution at the same temperature.
[2
marks]
(iii) If an equal volume of the water from the flooded lead workings, and potassium iodide
solution of concentration 4.0 x 10-3 mol dm-3, are mixed at 15 oC, determine the minimum
concentration of lead(II) ions which might be detected in the flood water.
[2
marks]
(b) Trichloromethane (b.p = 61.2 oC) and propanone (b.p=56.4 oC) forms an azeotropic mixture.
The azeotropic mixture has a boiling point of 64.7 oC and contains 80% by mass of
trichloromethane.

(i) Explain why a mixture of trichloromethane-propanone does not form an ideal solution
[4 marks]
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(ii) Sketch a vapour pressure-composition phase diagram for the trichloromethane-propanone
system. [4 marks]

(iii) What is obtained when 20% by mass of trichloromethane is fractionally distilled ?

[2 marks]
7. (a). Explain how the following changes down Group 2 (beryllium to barium) of the
Periodic Table. Write equations for the reactions involved.
(i) Reactivity towards water [3 marks]
(ii) Thermal stability of the nitrates [5 marks]

(b) Some properties of two substances X and Y are given below. Identify each of these
substances and explain the chemistry of the reactions involved.
(i) X is a colourless aqueous solution that leaves no residue on evaporation. It forms a
blue solid with an aqueous solution of copper(II) ions, and upon excess turns into a deep blue
solution. [4 marks]
(ii) Y is a compound of Group 14 elements, which exists as a colourless liquid at room
temperature. It is stable to heat even at high temperatures. It reacts with water to form an acidic
solution. [3 marks]

8. (a). Why does cobalt show variable oxidation states? [3 marks]

(b) What do you understand by the term complex ion? [4 marks]

(c) A complex compound, triammminetrichlorocobalt(III) exists as two isomers.

( i) What is the chemical formula of triammminetrichlorocobalt(III)?
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the structures of the two isomers and name them. State the type of isomerism
shown.
[5 marks]
(iii) Explain what happens when an aqueous solution of silver nitrate is added to an
aqueous solution of triammminetrichlorocobalt(III)
[2 marks]

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9. (a) Carbonyl compounds react with hydrogen cyanide to form cyanohydrins. Starting
from a suitable carbonyl compound of your choice, and using a cyanohydrin as an intermediate,
devise a 3-stage synthesis of compound B.

CH3 OH
C

CH3 CO2CH2CH3

Compound B

Suggest reagents and conditions for each step, and draw the structural formula of every
intermediate compound. [6 marks]

(b) Compound K, C4H10O2, reacts with sodium metal but is insoluble in aqueous sodium
hydroxide. On treatment with hot acidified sodium dichromate(VI), K gives L, which is soluble
in aqueous sodium hydroxide. L can also be formed from fumaric acid, HO2CCH=CHCO2H, by
treatment with hydrogen over a nickel catalyst. Compounds K and L can be co-polymerised to
produce a polyester. Identify K and L and explain the above reactions.
[9 marks]

10. (a) The compound 4-ethylphenol, E, and chlorinated products derived from it have useful
antiseptic properties.

CH3CH2 OH

E
Depending on the conditions of the reaction, compound E can react with chlorine in two
different ways, giving the two isomers F and G. In these reactions chlorine reacts in a similar
manner to bromine.

I II
C8H8Cl2O E C8H8Cl2O
F G

Compound F reacts with NaOH(aq) to give H, C8H10O3, which immediately loses water to give
J, C8H8O2. Compound J is insoluble in water but it dissolves in NaOH(aq). It reacts with 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazine and with alkaline aqueous iodine, but not with Fehling’s solution.
(i) Identify and draw the structural formulae of compounds F, H and J. Explain the reactions
described and write equations where appropriate. [11 marks]
(ii) Suggest a structural formula for G. [1 mark]

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(b) Describe one reaction which could be used to distinguish aniline from phenol.
[3 marks]

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