Purposive Communication

Purposive communication has been established as a solely part of k-12 curriculum wherein it’s
mainly purpose is to enhance the capability of each students to communicate fluently using an English
language as a matter of qualification in order to communicate to foreigner and other companies who
required English language. This subject has divided into three (3) mainly part which are.........

Purposive Communication is used for the students to improve in all skills of communication:

 Verbal Communication

In Verbal Communication there is speaking, presenting verbally or by exchange of words and point
of view to a particular topic or something you discussing about. Mainly example of Verbal
communication are the following: Reporting, Oral Argument, and Debating.

 Non-Verbal Communication

With Non-verbal Communication there is writing, you used some materials to promulgate what you
want to express for to someone for communicating and some examples of this are: Having a social
conversation with your friends on facebook, writing a banner as a rally material.

 Visual Communication

In Non-verbal Communication there is writing, using a material to communicate. Example: You

decided to inform your classmate by texting him, that you cannot come to his house today.

Berlo’s Communication Model simply recognized and focuses on the 4 fundamental elements of it. The
“SMCR” which known as sender, messenger, channel, receiver. This type of communication mainly had
their own listener (Decoder) who receives the messages and a messenger (Encoder) who interpret and
delivers the messages to the listener. While in 1960 Berlo established his another form and type of
communication which know by this days as the “Linear Model” a one way process of communication
wherein the sender sends a message to the receiver while the receiver itself doesn’t give feedback
either response at all.

Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication was a theory of Osgood-Schramm wherein he do believes

that the notion of communication was a circular not a linear one. He stated that it was a circular
communication because once a sender encode a message, at the same time it’s also begun to be a
receiver (decoder) which can be examine as a not one way process of communication because the
sender who receives a message, also give his own feedback and then again, encode a new message
again .

Shannon Weaver Model of Communication defines as a type of communication who discussed the
technical communicating problems. it involves the machine who used for communication such
telephone. In this model, it only has a 5 concepts which are the SENDER, who delivers messages and
ENCODER, who’s the transmitter of the message, CHANNEL, a medium used to send message, DECODER,
who serves as a receiver of the message but at this moment, it defines as decoder is the machine used
to convert signals or binary data into message or the receiver who translates the message from signals.

Helical Model of Communication introduces the concept of time where continuousness of the
communication process and relational interactions are very important. Communication is taken as a
dynamic process in helical model of communication and it progresses with age as our experience and
vocabulary increases.

Comparison of Communication

Berlo’s Communication Model is a one way process of communication and know for being
a Linear model while Osgood-Schramm Model of Communication is know for having a circular notion
wherein Osgood itself believes that the sender of message was also a listener and give feedback at the
same time. While Shannon Weaver Model of Communication is a concept of communication who
discussed the technical problems and the environmental problem of communication such as the noise
while the Helical Model of Communication, the concept of time where continuousness of the
communication process over which also discussed the concept of time where continuousness of the
communication process.

Contrast of Communication Models

The contrast of this communication models, it all indicates the different fundamentals and elements
of their own models which signifies the importance and different uses of those communicational
models.

Barriers to Communication by Category

Language Barriers it is clearly seen that language barriers has brought a lot of negative effect in
communication. One of these problems are the language used by the messenger. If he receiver might
not be familiar with that language, it could be a big mess for both of them to not understand what the
messenger trying to say that might end-up having misunderstanding. Also, designated profession jargon
was also included. If a lawyer use jargons to his client who’s just a simple person, he or she might not
understand what the lawyers wants to point out because first of all he doesn’t have enough knowledge
or background knowledge about that particular word.

Cultural Barriers is one of the mainly barriers in communication. It includes the norms, symbols, ideas,
belief, behaviours and other ethical regulation. If a tourist visited a country in Asia, he or she first learn
what they should and should not do. Asia was known for being one of the most “conservative” country
in the world. They have a lot of traditions and etiquettes that we should learn as a tourist or else, it
might lead up for being disrespectful to their solely tradition. One of example of it, is the way of
communication. In Japan, communicating with low volume of voice is an act to show respects.
Physiological Barriers Physiological barriers may result from the receiver’s physical state. For example, a
receiver with reduced hearing may not grasp the entirety of a spoken conversation, especially if there is
significant background noise.

Intrapersonal barriers refers to the elements within the individual's personality which acts as
a barrier in receiving, analyzing and interpreting the information that is available. There are different
types of intrapersonal barriers in an individual's personality.

Attitudinal Barriers Attitudinal barriers are behaviors or perceptions that prevent people from
communicating effectively. Attitudinal barriers to communication may result from personality conflicts,
poor management, resistance to change, or a lack of motivation. Effective receivers of messages should
attempt to overcome their own attitudinal barriers to facilitate effective communication.