ROUTE SURVEYING

LABORATORY
Laboratory #5:
Laying out Compound Curve by Deflection Angle Method

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for

CE 2238

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert A. Romero

Submitted by:
Eljen Grace M. Colanggo

Date Submitted:
February 7, 2019
INTRODUCTION:
Curves are created when a road changes direction (vice versa) or orientation (vice versa)
from right to S. Curves are a key element in the pavement's design. It also has a maximum speed
limit that should be strictly forbidden. Therefore, the following speed limit becomes crucial as
speed exceeding can result in vehicles growing out of control. Appropriate safety measures are
very important at all horizontal and vertical curves to make road infrastructure user-friendly and
to reduce the risk of dangerous circumstances. Highway and railroad center lines are a collection
of straight lines connected by horizontal curves. A Compound curve consist of two or more simple
curves in succession, turning in the same direction, with any two successive curves having a
common tangent point. In this fieldwork, it shows a typical layout of a compound curve, consisting
of two simple curves. To avoid abrupt changes in the alignment, the radii of any two consecutive
simple curves should not be widely different.

OBJECTIVES:
To layout compound circular curve by chord deflection angle method.

INSTRUMENTS:
Total Station
Tripod Fiber Glass Poles
15 Flag lets
2 Measuring Tape
Calculator
METHODOLOGY:
1. Position the transit at some point on the field and label as Point A. From Point A, set the
vernier to 0’00’.
2. Obtain I1 , I2, and distance AB from the in the field.
3. Compute R1 and R2 the radius of the first curve and second curve given the measured
t1=14m and t2= 16m. Stake on the curve the Tangent of PI1 and PI2. Mark with flag to the
point where t1 and t2 meets that connects PI1 and P2 or AB name the flag as your PCC.
4. Compute the Intersecting angle (I) and Point of Inflection(PI).
5. Given the I value, determine the distance from PI-PI1 and PI-PI2.
6. Compute the value of T1 and T2 to determine the point of PC and PT on the field.
7. Determine the L1 or the length of curve from PC to PCC. Also, get the value of L2 or the
length of curve form PCC to PT.
8. Through L1 and L2, decide by how much stations in the you would like to have. In our
case we decided to have our first curve and second curve 5 stations each.
9. Measure the deflection angles of each curve the measure the distance of each 5 stations
from STA PC to PCC, PCC to PT.
10. Make sure to layout your computed values on the field.
GATHERED DATAS:
 I1 36°24°
I2 36°13°
𝑡1 8m
𝑡2 8m

I1 (2𝜋R1 )
COMPUTATIONS: L1 = 360
57°24°(2𝜋(25.57))
L1 =
𝐼 = I1 +I2 360

𝐼 = 57°24° + 48°13° L1 = 25.62𝑚

𝐼 = 105°37° I1 (2𝜋R1 )
L2 = 360
48°13°(2𝜋(35.75))
L2 = 360
t1
𝑅1 = I
L1 = 25.62𝑚
𝑇𝑎𝑛 1
2
14
𝑅1 = 57°24°
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2
𝑅1 = 25.57𝑚 Assumed PI= 50+00.00m
𝑃𝐼 = 50 + 00
𝑅2 =
t2 T1 = 37.23𝑚
I
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝑃𝐶 = 49 + 62.77
2
14
𝑅2 = 48°13°
L1 = 25.62𝑚
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2 𝑃𝐶𝐶 = 49 + 88.39
𝑅2 = 35.75𝑚 L2 = 31.62𝑚
𝑃𝑇 = 50 + 20.01
sin I2 (t1 +t2 )
PI − PI1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛I
𝑠𝑖𝑛48°13°(16+14) PC-PCC=L1 = 25.62𝑚
PI − PI1 = L 1 25.62
105°37° 𝑃𝑇 == 10 +=24.06𝑚
5.124𝑚 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
5 5
PI − PI1 = 23.23𝑚 5.124(360) 5.124(360)
D1 = = = 11°28°
2𝜋R1 2𝜋(25.570

sin I1 (t1 +t2 )

PI − PI2 = PCC-PT=L2 = 31.62𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛I L2 31.62
PI − PI2 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛57°24°(16+14) = = 6.32𝑚 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
5 5
105°37°
6.32(360) 5.124(360)
PI − PI2 = 105.37𝑚 D2 = = = 10°7°
2𝜋R2 2𝜋(35.75)

T1 = t1 + PI − PI1
.
T1 = 14 + 23.23 11°28°
T1 = 37.23𝑚 A1 = 2 (25.57)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
A1 = 5.11m
T2 = t 2 + PI − PI2 A1 = A2 = A3 = A4
T2 = 16 + 26.24
T2 = 42.24𝑚 D2
B1 = 2 R 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
10°7°
B1 = 2 (35.75)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
FIGURE:

ANALYSIS:
This type of problem requires the surveyor of great analysis. We measured its
Intersecting angle, the long chord, dividing the stations depending on our liking. We started
marking the stations before the obstacle and while at the same time calculating for the equal
distances of each station. Point c and d were affected by the barrier, so we measured its length of
the chord. After, we visualized how could possible these points be touched with the obstacles. If
the obstacle is removed, later on, each point of the station on the curve will be visible as well as
point a and b.

CONCLUSION:
 This type of problem requires the surveyor of great analysis. We measured its
Intersecting angle, the long chord, dividing the stations depending on our liking. We started
marking the stations before the obstacle and while at the same time calculating for the equal
distances of each station. Point c and d were affected by the barrier, so we measured its length of
the chord. After, we visualized how could possible these points be touched with the obstacles. If
the obstacle is removed, later on, each point of the station on the curve will be visible as well as
point a and b.

DOCUMENTATION:
 ROUTE SURVEYING
LABORATORY
Laboratory #5:
Laying out Reversed Curve by Deflection Angle Method

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for

CE 2238

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert A. Romero

Submitted by:
Eljen Grace M. Colanggo

Date Submitted:
February 7, 2019
INTRODUCTION:
Curves are created when a road changes direction (vice versa) or orientation (vice
versa) from right to S. Curves are a key element in the pavement's design. It also has a maximum
speed limit that should be strictly forbidden. Therefore, the following speed limit becomes crucial
as speed exceeding can result in vehicles growing out of control. Appropriate safety measures are
very important at all horizontal and vertical curves to make road infrastructure user-friendly and
to reduce the risk of dangerous circumstances. Highway and railroad center lines are a collection
of straight lines connected by horizontal curves. A Compound curve consist of two or more simple
curves in succession, turning in the same direction, with any two successive curves having a
common tangent point. In this fieldwork, it shows a typical layout of a compound curve, consisting
of two simple curves. To avoid abrupt changes in the alignment, the radii of any two consecutive
simple curves should not be widely different.

OBJECTIVES:
To layout a reversed curve using method of deflection angles with all points on the curve
visible from point of curvature (PC).
INSTRUMENTS:
Total Station
Tripod Fiber Glass Poles
15 Flag lets
2 Measuring Tape
Calculator
METHODOLOGY:
1. Layout the first simple curve by method of deflection angle.
2. At the point of reversal, called the reversed curvature (P.R.C.), the transit is set.
3. With circle reading equal to the total deflection angle from the P.C to the P.R.C., the P.C. is
backsighted. If the line of sight is rotated about the reversal axis until the circle reading
becomes zero, this line of sight falls on the common tangent.
4. The next simple curve section is then laid on the opposite side of the common tangent using
deflection angles.

GATHERED DATAS:

I1 36°15°
T 6m
COMPUTATIONS:

T1 𝐷
𝑅1 = I X1 = 𝐶 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 )
𝑇𝑎𝑛 1
2
6°1°
𝑅1 =
6 X1 = 1.92𝑚(𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
36°15° 2
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2 X1 =1.92m
𝑅1 = 18.33𝑚
𝐷+𝐷
X2 = 𝐶 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
2
12°2°
X2 = 1.92𝑚(𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
𝐼 2
𝑀 = 𝑅(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ) X2 = 1.91𝑚
36°15°
𝑀 = 18.33(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
2
𝑀 = 0.91𝑚 𝐷
Y1 = 𝐶 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 )
𝐿𝑐 = 180 6°1°
(18.33)π 36°15°
Y1 = 1.92𝑚(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
𝐿𝑐 = 180 Y1 = 0.10m
𝐿𝑐 = 11.60𝑚
Assumed STA PI = 50+00.00m
𝐷
Y2 = 𝐶 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 )
STA PC = PI − 𝑇
6°1°
STA PC = 50 + 00.00m − 6.00 Y2 = 1.92𝑚( )
2
STA PC = 49 + 99.00 Y2 = 0.20m
STA PT = PC + 𝐿𝑐
STA PT = 49 + 94.00m + 11.60
STA PT = 50 + 05.60

Each STA 1.93 m of interval

360
𝐷 = 1.93(2π R)
360°
𝐷 = 1.93 (2(18.33)π )
𝑃𝑇 = 10 + 24.06𝑚
𝐷 = 6°1°

𝐷
𝐶 = 2 𝑅(𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 )
6°1°
𝐶 = 2 (18.33)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
𝐶 = 1.92𝑚
FIGURE:

60m