ROUTE SURVEYING

LABORATORY
Laboratory #4:
Laying out Simple Curve with an Obstruction

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for

CE 2238

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert A. Romero

Submitted by:
Eljen Grace M. Colanggo

Date Submitted:
January 17, 2019
INTRODUCTION:
Laying out simple curve along an obstacle. It’s simple to lay out simple curves to
an area with no debris or objects like rocks, trees and etc. that hinder the surveyor from laying
out fast the simple curve. The presence of an obstacle in the area is what makes their work more
challenging. How could be a surveyor possibly lay out a simple curve with an obstruction along
the curve? There is actually a lot of methods that involves in solving such problem. The students
thought and analyzed possible solution that involves an obstacle, so here is one.

OBJECTIVES:
To layout simple curve when there is an obstruction along the curve by the chord.

INSTRUMENTS:
Total Station
Tripod Fiber Glass Poles
9 Flag lets
2 Measuring Tape
Calculator
METHODOLOGY:
1. Establish STA PI.
2. At STA PI, lock the vernier to 0-00-00. Measure Backward Tangent and establish STA PT.
3. Establish on the ground the PC by laying out with a tape, then measure the tangent distance
(T) from the PI. The intersection angle (I) at the PI and the distance carried through the forward
tangent will also be needed to get the PT.
4. Transfer and set up the instrument at the PC. At the PC, lay off the total deflection angle from
PI to PT and check if the stake previously set up at the PT is along the line of sight. If it doesn’t
check, an error exists in either measurement or computation. As an added check, stake out the
midpoint of the curve before beginning to set intermediate stations. By bisecting the angle (180-
I) at the PI and laying off the external distance €, the midpoint can be established. A check of
deflection angle from PC to the midpoint should be equal to I/4.
5. Set as many stations on the curve as possible before the obstacle, point b.
6. Set the instrument over the PT with the plates at the value of I/2. Sight on the PI.
7. Back in as many stations as possible beyond the obstacle, point e.
8. After the obstacle is removed, the obstructed stations c and d can be set.
GATHERED DATAS:

T 16 m
PI-PC 44’20’
PI-PT 39’12
PC-PI 50’13 Assumed PC= 10+00.00m
PT-PI 46’15
𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐶 + 𝐿𝐶
= 180’ 180’
𝑃𝑇 = (10 + 00) + 24.06
𝑃𝑇 = 10 + 24.06𝑚

COMPUTATIONS:

𝐼 = 180′ − (𝑃𝐼 + 𝑃𝐶) Each stations was measured by 3.44 m

𝐼 = 180′ − (39′12′ + standard.
44′20′) 3.44(360)′
𝐼 = 96′28′ 𝐷= 2𝜋(14.29)
𝑇 𝐼
𝑅= 𝐼 𝐷 = 13′ 47′ = 7
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2
16 𝐼 96′28′
𝑅= 96′28′
= =13’47’
𝑇𝑎𝑛 7 7
2
𝑅 = 14.29𝑚
𝑑1 = 13′47′

𝑰
𝐼 d1=d2=d3=d4=d5=d6=d7=𝟕
𝐸 = 𝑅(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1)
96′28′
𝐸 = (14.29)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 −
2
1)
𝑑1
𝐸 = 7.16𝑚 𝑎 = 2 𝑅(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
13′47′
𝑎 = 2 (14.29)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
𝑎 = 3.43𝑚
𝐼
𝑀 = 𝑅(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2)
96′28′ 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 𝑑= e = f
𝑀 = (14.29)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
2
𝑀 =4.27m

𝐼𝜋𝑅
𝐿𝐶 = 180′
(96′ 28′ )𝜋(14.29)
𝐿𝐶 = 180′
𝐿𝐶 = 24.06𝑚
RESULTS:

ANALYSIS:

DEFLECTION TOTAL
STATION POINT ANGLE (D,M,S) DEFLECTION
CHORD CURVE
ANGLE (D,M,S) LENGTH DATA
1+000.00 PC - - - T=16m
+003.43 a 13′ 47′ 13′ 47′ 3.43𝑚 R=14.29m
+006.86 b 13′ 47′ 27′ 34′ 3.43𝑚 E=7.16m
+010.29 c 13′ 47′ 41′ 21′ 3.43𝑚 M=4.27
+013.72 d 13′ 47′ 55′ 8′ 3.43𝑚 LC=24.06m
+017.15 e 13′ 47′ 68′ 55′ 3.43𝑚 PC= 1+000
+020.60 f 13′ 47′ 82′ 42′ 3.43𝑚 PT=1+024.06
+024.06 PT 13′ 46′ 96′ 28′ 3.43𝑚 D=13’47’
ANALYSIS:
This type of problem requires the surveyor of great analysis. We measured its
Intersecting angle, the long chord, dividing the stations depending on our liking. We started
marking the stations before the obstacle and while at the same time calculating for the equal
distances of each station. Point c and d were affected by the barrier, so we measured its length of
the chord. After, we visualized how could possible these points be touched with the obstacles. If
the obstacle is removed, later on, each point of the station on the curve will be visible as well as
point a and b.

CONCLUSION:
The surveyor must learn three elements to address a simple curve alongside an
obstacle. The first two are the value of the PI station and an angle I. The third is the degree of
curve given in the specifications of the project or calculated using one of the terrain-limited
elements. The surveyor normally decides the angle of PI and I for the road on the preliminary
traverse. This can also be achieved by triangulation if the PI is unavailable. Some curves have
sufficiently large obstacles to interfere with the line of sight and tape. Normally it only affects a
few stations. The surveyor is not expected to waste too much preliminary work time.

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