ROUTE SURVEYING

LABORATORY
Laboratory #5:
Laying out Compound Curve by Deflection Angle Method

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for

CE 2238

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert A. Romero

Submitted by:
Eljen Grace M. Colanggo

Date Submitted:
February 7, 2019
INTRODUCTION:
Another type of laying out a curve is Compound curve. It is defined as the curve, which is
made up of the two or more circular arcs with successively longer or shorter radii. The successive
arcs are joined tangentially without the reverse of curvature and is used to provide the changeover
from the straight lines to curve. Compound curves are mainly used in rail roads, and most of the
compound curves are found in design of the interchanging loops and the ramps.

OBJECTIVES:
To layout compound circular curve by chord deflection angle method.

INSTRUMENTS:
Total Station
Tripod Fiber Glass Poles
15 Flag lets
2 Measuring Tape
Calculator
METHODOLOGY:
1. Position the transit at some point on the field and label as Point A. From Point A, set the
vernier to 0’00’.
2. Obtain I1 , I2, and distance AB from the in the field.
3. Compute R1 and R2 the radius of the first curve and second curve given the measured
t1=14m and t2= 16m. Stake on the curve the Tangent of PI1 and PI2. Mark with flag to the
point where t1 and t2 meets that connects PI1 and P2 or AB name the flag as your PCC.
4. Compute the Intersecting angle (I) and Point of Inflection(PI).
5. Given the I value, determine the distance from PI-PI1 and PI-PI2.
6. Compute the value of T1 and T2 to determine the point of PC and PT on the field.
7. Determine the L1 or the length of curve from PC to PCC. Also, get the value of L2 or the
length of curve form PCC to PT.
8. Through L1 and L2, decide by how much stations in the you would like to have. In our
case we decided to have our first curve and second curve 5 stations each.
9. Measure the deflection angles of each curve the measure the distance of each 5 stations
from STA PC to PCC, PCC to PT.
10. Make sure to layout your computed values on the field.
GATHERED DATAS:

I1 36°24°
I2 36°13°
𝑡1 8m
𝑡2 8m
 I1 (2𝜋R1 )
COMPUTATIONS: L1 = 360
57°24°(2𝜋(25.57))
L1 =
𝐼 = I1 +I2 360

𝐼 = 57°24° + 48°13° L1 = 25.62𝑚

𝐼 = 105°37° I1 (2𝜋R1 )
L2 = 360
48°13°(2𝜋(35.75))
L2 = 360
t1
𝑅1 = I
L1 = 25.62𝑚
𝑇𝑎𝑛 1
2
14
𝑅1 = 57°24°
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2
𝑅1 = 25.57𝑚 Assumed PI= 50+00.00m
𝑃𝐼 = 50 + 00
𝑅2 =
t2 T1 = 37.23𝑚
I
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2 𝑃𝐶 = 49 + 62.77
2
14
𝑅2 = 48°13°
L1 = 25.62𝑚
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2 𝑃𝐶𝐶 = 49 + 88.39
𝑅2 = 35.75𝑚 L2 = 31.62𝑚
𝑃𝑇 = 50 + 20.01
sin I2 (t1 +t2 )
PI − PI1 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛I
𝑠𝑖𝑛48°13°(16+14) PC-PCC=L1 = 25.62𝑚
PI − PI1 = L 1 25.62
105°37° 𝑃𝑇 == 10 +=24.06𝑚
5.124𝑚 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
5 5
PI − PI1 = 23.23𝑚 5.124(360) 5.124(360)
D1 = = = 11°28°
2𝜋R1 2𝜋(25.570

sin I1 (t1 +t2 )

PI − PI2 = PCC-PT=L2 = 31.62𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛I L2 31.62
PI − PI2 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛57°24°(16+14) = = 6.32𝑚 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
5 5
105°37°
6.32(360) 5.124(360)
PI − PI2 = 105.37𝑚 D2 = = = 10°7°
2𝜋R2 2𝜋(35.75)

T1 = t1 + PI − PI1
.
T1 = 14 + 23.23 11°28°
T1 = 37.23𝑚 A1 = 2 (25.57)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
A1 = 5.11m
T2 = t 2 + PI − PI2 A1 = A2 = A3 = A4
T2 = 16 + 26.24
T2 = 42.24𝑚 D2
B1 = 2 R 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
10°7°
B1 = 2 (35.75)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
B1 = 6.27m
B1 = B2 = B3 = B4
 FIGURE:

DEFLECTION TOTAL
STATION POINT ANGLE (D,M,S) DEFLECTION
CHORD CURVE DATA
ANGLE (D,M,S) LENGTH
49+62.77 PC I1 = 57°24°, I2 = 48°13°
49+67.88 A1 11°28° 11°28° 5.11m 𝑡1 = 14m, 𝑡2 = 16𝑚
49+72.99 A2 11°28° 22°56° 5.11m 𝐼 = 105°37°
49+78.11 A3 11°28° 34°24° 5.11m 𝑅1 = 25.57𝑚 , 𝑅2 = 35.75𝑚
49+83.21 A4 11°28° 45°52° 5.11m PI − PI1 = 23.23𝑚 ,
PI − PI2 = 105.37𝑚
49+88.39 PCC 57°20° T1 = 37.23𝑚 , T2 = 42.24𝑚
49+94.66 B1 10°7° 67°27° 6.27m L1 = 25.62𝑚 , L1 = 25.62𝑚
50+00.93 B2 10°7° 77°34° 6.27m 𝑃𝐼 = 50 + 00, 𝑃𝐶 = 49 + 62.77 ,
𝑃𝐶𝐶 = 49 + 88.39, 𝑃𝑇 = 50 +
20.01
50+07.20 B3 10°7° 87°41° 6.27m D1 = 11°28°, D2 = 10°7°

50+13.47 B4 10°7° 97°48° 6.27m A1 = 5.11m, B1 = 6.27m

50+20.01 PT 105°37°
ANALYSIS:
Laying out a compound curve influenced by the use of angles of deflection shifted from
tangents to points along the curve at the point of curvature. The curve is formed by moving pegs
at a regular interval equal to the length of the usual chord. Typically, the sub-chords are positioned
at the beginning and end of the curve to change the actual length of the curve.

CONCLUSION:

DOCUMENTATION:
 ROUTE SURVEYING
LABORATORY
Laboratory #5:
Laying out Reversed Curve by Deflection Angle Method

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for

CE 2238

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert A. Romero

Submitted by:
Eljen Grace M. Colanggo

Date Submitted:
February 7, 2019
INTRODUCTION:
Curves are needed wherever there is a route aside exchange for transmission lines
where abrupt angular changes are allowed. The reverse curve is another type of a horizontal curve.
A reverse curve consists of two simple curves joined to an ether that turn in opposite directions.
At the point of reversed curvature, PRC, the curves are related, which is the PT of the first curve
and the PC of the subsequent curve. Reverse curves are useful when assessing matters such as
dams, flumes, and levees. These could also be used by the surveyor on low-speed roads and
railways. They can't be used on high-speed roads or railroads because at the PRC, they can't be
increased properly in high quality. These are used on canals from time to time, but only with undue
caution, on the grounds that these hinder the flow of the canal and lead to erosion. The theory
discipline work is the same as in the first field work without this using incremental chord and
deflection perspective approach this time we did two simple curves with opposite curvatures.

OBJECTIVES:
To layout a reversed curve using method of deflection angles with all points on the curve
visible from point of curvature (PC).
INSTRUMENTS:
Total Station
Tripod Fiber Glass Poles
15 Flag lets
2 Measuring Tape
Calculator
METHODOLOGY:
1. Layout the first simple curve by method of deflection angle.
2. At the point of reversal, called the reversed curvature (P.R.C.), the transit is set.
3. With circle reading equal to the total deflection angle from the P.C to the P.R.C., the P.C. is
backsighted. If the line of sight is rotated about the reversal axis until the circle reading
becomes zero, this line of sight falls on the common tangent.
4. The next simple curve section is then laid on the opposite side of the common tangent using
deflection angles.

GATHERED DATAS:

I1 36°15°
I2 36°15°
𝑡1 6m
COMPUTATIONS: 𝐼
D1 = 1.5(L )
1
32°15°
D1 = 1.5 ( 11.67 )
𝑅1 =
T1 D1 = 4°8°
I
𝑇𝑎𝑛 1
2
6 𝐼
𝑅1 = 32°15° D2 = 1.5(L )
𝑇𝑎𝑛 2
2
32°15°
𝑅1 = 20.75𝑚 D2 = 1.5 ( )
6.56
D2 = 7°22°
5
PI − PI2 = sin 32°15°
PI − PI2 = 9.37𝑚
Assumed PRC= 50+00.00m
T2 = PI − PI2 − T1 STA PC = PRC − L1
T2 = 9.37𝑚 − 6.0𝑚 STA PC = 50 + 00.00m − 11.67
T2 = 3.37𝑚 STA PC = 49 + 88.33

STA PC = PRC + L2
T2 STA PT = 50 + 00.00m − 6.56
𝑅2 = I
𝑇𝑎𝑛 1 STA PT = 50 + 06.56
2
3.37𝑚
𝑅2 = 32°15°
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2
𝑅2 PI
=− 11.66𝑚 sin I1 (t1 +t2 )
PI = 2 D1
𝑠𝑖𝑛I A1 = 2 R1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
𝑠𝑖𝑛57°24°(16+14) 2
PI − PI2 =I A1 = 2 (20.75)(𝑠𝑖𝑛
4°8°
)
105°37°
Lc1 = 2𝑅1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 21 2
PI − PI2 = 105.37𝑚 A1 = 1.5𝑚
32°15°
Lc1 = 2(20.75)𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
𝑃𝑇 = 10 + 24.06𝑚
Lc1 = 11.53𝑚 D
B1 = 2 R 2 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 21 )
7°22°
Lc2 = 2𝑅2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 22
I B1 = 2 (11.66)(𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2
32°15 B1 = 2.66𝑚
Lc2 = 2(6.48)𝑠𝑖𝑛 2
Lc2 = 6.48𝑚

𝐼
L1 = 𝑅1 (180°)π A1 = 1𝑚 𝐵 = 1𝑚

32°15°
L1 = 20.75𝑚( )π
180°
L1 = 11.67𝑚 R1 R2 R2
R1 4°8° 7°22°
𝐼
L2 = 𝑅1 (180°)π
32°15°
L2 = 11.66( )π
180°
L2 = 6.56𝑚
 DEFLECTION TOTAL
STATION POINT ANGLE (D,M,S) DEFLECTION
CHORD CURVE DATA
ANGLE (D,M,S) LENGTH
49+88.33 PC I1 = 57°24°, I2 = 48°13°
49+89.83 A1 4°8° 4°8° 1.5𝑚 𝑡1 = 14m, 𝑡2 = 16𝑚
49+91.33 A2 4°8° 8°16° 1.5𝑚 𝐼 = 105°37°
49+92.83 A3 4°8° 12°24° 1.5𝑚 𝑅1 = 25.57𝑚 , 𝑅2 = 35.75𝑚
49+95.83 A4 4°8° 45°52° 1.5𝑚 PI − PI1 = 23.23𝑚 ,
PI − PI2 = 105.37𝑚
49+97.33 A5 4°8° 20°04° 1.5𝑚 T1 = 37.23𝑚 , T2 = 42.24𝑚
49+98.83 A6 4°8° 24°48° 1.5𝑚 L1 = 25.62𝑚 , L1 = 25.62𝑚
50+00.00 PRC 7°22° 28°56° 2.66m 𝑃𝐼 = 50 + 00, 𝑃𝐶 = 49 + 62.77 ,
𝑃𝐶𝐶 = 49 + 88.39, 𝑃𝑇 = 50 +
20.01
50+02.66 B1 7°22° 36°18° 2.66m D1 = 11°28°, D2 = 10°7°

50+05.32 B2 7°22° 43°40° 2.66m A1 = 5.11m, B1 = 6.27m

50+06.56 PT 51°2°

FIGURE:

PT
PI1

T1
4 5 6
PRC
T1 3 2
2
1
1 T2

PC

P2

R1
R1
ANALYSIS:
The alignment from PC (Point on Curve), to PRC (Point on Reverse Curve), to PT (Point
on Tangent) above is known as a reverse curve. As we laid out the reverse curve, I imagined the
we were actually setting the reverse curve in the rod and imagining some situation as the driver
had through a curve in one direction and just immediately to steer in the other
direction, and then I realized that at some other point, reverse curve has its own advantage
because there is no time for the driver to adjust to coming out of the curve. Typically we design
roads such that between the curves there is a tangent, or straight line. This allows the driver to
adjust before heading into the next curve.

CONCLUSION:

There are reversed curves where two changes in direction occur, with the second change
going in the opposite direction. In other words, two curves are attached to each other, and the curve
centers are located on opposite sides of the proposed travel route. There are basically two different
ways of constructing the reverse curve: parallel and non-parallel tangents.
DOCUMENATION: