TE SURVEYING

ABORATORY
Laboratory #2:
e Curve by Mid-Ordinate Method

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for

CE 2238

Submitted to:
Engr. Robert A. Romero

Submitted by:
Eljen Grace M. Colanggo

Date Submitted:
December 6, 2019

INTRODUCTION:
Whenever the direction of a road or railway line is to be changed, curves are provided between the
intersecting straights. This is necessary for smooth and safe movement of the vehicles and for the
comfort of passengers. The curves required may be in the horizontal planes or in the vertical planes.
Accordingly the curves are classified as horizontal curves and vertical curves.
For more than a few factors, curves are built for roads and highways. The main reasons
you use curves are either to try to avoid a big obstacle or to reduce the steepness or gradient of
a hill roadway.
 A sequence of straight lines linked by curves is the core lines of highways and railroads.
Rapid traffic curves are usually circular, although spiral curves can also be used to provide
gradual transitions to or from circular curves. Simple curve is a single arc. In this field of work,
the focus was on simple curve. A curve with two straight lines or tangents is laid out at the
beginning. These strains are extended until they intersect, and the intersection point is referred
to as P.I. The first tangent encountered is known as the tangent back, and the second tangent is
known as the tangent forward.

OBJECTIVES:
To set or lay out a simple horizontal curve by mid-ordinate method.
To master the skill in leveling, orienting and using the transit effectively.

INSTRUMENTS:
Flags- used for marking positions and sighting of those stations
50 meter Tape- designed for most conventional measurements in surveying and
engineering works.
Transit level with tripod- a surveying instrument with a rotating telescope for measuring
horizontal and vertical angles.

METHODOLOGY:
1. A transit is set up at the point designated vertex or point of intersection (PI).
2. Establish on the ground the PC by laying out with a tape, then measure the tangent
distance (T) from the PI. The intersection angle (I) at the PI and the distance carried
through the forward tangent will also be needed to get the PT.
3. Compute all the datas that were gathered and solve for the radius (R). Solve the long
chord (𝑪𝟏 ) to get the PT. Then, mark the station afterwards.
4. Compute the center midpoint (𝑴𝟏 ), then mark the point on to the ground. Getting the
length of chord from PC to (𝑴𝟏 ), compute for the second chord (𝑪𝟐 ).
5. Solve the next midpoint 𝑴𝟐 and mark its point on the ground. Just like earlier, solve
for the third chord (𝑪𝟑 ), it’s a length of chord from PC to 𝑴𝟐 .
6. Solve and position the mark in the ground for the third midpoint 𝑴𝟑 . Then get the fourth
length of chord (𝑪𝟒 ). from PC to 𝑴𝟑 by solving. To make sure that computed length
of chords for every mark point of midpoints are correct, measure it through tapes.
7. With all the gathered and computed datas, solve for all the necessary intersecting angles
of every stations. For every midpoints that have marked from PC to PT, you’ll call it
your 1st station and so on. So for the data below, the group has made 8 stations
including the PC and PT.
GATHERED DATAS:

𝐼
𝐸 = 𝑅(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 − 1)
Tangent distance = 16m. 96′28′
I = 180° - (44°20’ + 39°12’) 𝐸 = (14.29)(𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 1)
2
I = 96°28’ 𝐸 = 7.16𝑚

COMPUTATIONS: 𝐼
𝑴𝟏 = R (1-cos2)
96°28′
𝑴𝟏 = (14.29) (1-cos )
2
𝑇 𝑴𝟏 = 4.77 m.
𝑅= 𝐼
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2
16
𝑅= 96′28′
𝑇𝑎𝑛
2
𝑅 = 14.29𝑚 𝐼
𝑴𝟐 = R (1-cos4)
96°28′
𝑪𝟏 = 2Rsin2
𝐼 𝑴𝟐 = (14.29) (1-cos )
4
96°28′ 𝑴𝟐 = 1.25 m.
𝑪𝟏 = 2(14.29)sin 2
𝑪𝟏 = 21.32 m.
𝐼
𝑴𝟑 = R (1-cos8)
𝐼 96°28′
𝑪𝟐 = 2Rsin 𝑴𝟑 = (14.29) (1-cos )
4 8
96°28′ 𝑴𝟑 = 0.32 m.
𝑪𝟐 = 2(14.29) sin 4
𝑪𝟐 = 11.68 m.
𝐼 96′28′
= = 48′14′
2 2
𝐼 𝐼 96′28′
𝑪𝟑 = 2Rsin 8 = = 27′7′
4 4
96°28′ 𝐼 96′28′
𝑪𝟑 = 2(14.29) sin = = 12′3′
8
8 8
𝑪𝟑 = 5.97 m.
𝐼
𝑪𝟒 = 2Rsin 16
96°28′
𝑪𝟒 = 2(14.29) sin 16
𝑪𝟒 = 3.00 m.
 2IπR STA PI = PC + L
𝑳=
360° STA PI = 1+000 + 24.06
2(96′ 28′ )π(14.29)
𝑳= STA PI = 1+024.06
360°
𝐿 = 24.06

RESULTS:

STATION POINT MIDPOINTS CHORD CURVE

LENGTH DATA
1+000.00 PC - - - T=16m
+003.00 1 𝑴𝟑 = 0.32 m. 𝑪𝟏 =21.32 3 R=14.29m
+006.00 2 𝑴𝟐 = 1.25 m. 3 E=7.16m
+009.00 3 𝑴𝟑 = 0.32 m. 𝑪𝟐 =11.68 3 M=4.77
+012.00 4 𝑴𝟏 = 4.77 m. 3 C=24.06m
+015.00 5 𝑴𝟑 = 0.32 m. 𝑪𝟑 =5.97 3
+018.00 6 𝑴𝟐 = 1.25 m. 3
+021.00 7 𝑴𝟑 = 0.32 m. 𝑪𝟒 =3.00 3
+024.06 PT - 3.06

ANALYSIS:

CONCLUSION:

2IπR STA PI = PC + L
𝑳=
360°
STA PI = 1+000 + 24.06
2(96′ 28′ )π(14.29)
𝑳= STA PI = 1+024.06
360°
𝐿 = 24.06

DOCUMENTATIONS: