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Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review

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J Ambient Intell Human Comput
DOI 10.1007/s12652-017-0533-1
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review
Jania Astrid Saucedo‑Martínez1 · Magdiel Pérez‑Lara1 ·
José Antonio Marmolejo‑Saucedo2 · Tomás Eloy Salais‑Fierro1 · Pandian Vasant3
Received: 17 January 2017 / Accepted: 19 June 2017
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017
Abstract  The evolution of markets and customer require-
ments with highest level of precision, has been achieved
created with technology and information systems, a new
way of make the operations in the companies, and just the
companies with the ability to adapt faster to technological
innovations may remain on the market. The last industrial
revolution, known as industry 4.0 perceives the opera-
tions as a holistic system, its represents a challenge that
must be fulfilled and faced in order to achieve stability and
permanence in the market, from the point of view of the
world economies. In the organizational and business area
all the operations must be linked to computer systems and
management of information in the network, which causes
greater efficiency in the flow. With this new perception
of industry and the business, it involves different analyti-
cal tools that aim at bigger efficiency in the service to the
* José Antonio Marmolejo‑Saucedo
jmarmolejo@up.edu.mx
Jania Astrid Saucedo‑Martínez
jania.saucedomrt@uanl.edu.mx
Magdiel Pérez‑Lara
magdiel.perezlr@uanl.edu.mx
Tomás Eloy Salais‑Fierro
tomas.salaisfr@uanl.edu.mx
Pandian Vasant
pvasant@gmail.com
1
Facultad de Ingeniería Mecnica y Eléctrica, Universidad
Autonóma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria,
San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico
2 to new level of operating systems, tools which create the
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Panamericana, Augusto
Rodin 498, México 03920, Ciudad de México, México
3 Under this scheme, it is defined that the change in any
Faculty of Science and Information Technology,
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610,
Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
 
consumers, resulting in a greater competitiveness in the
market and making the differentiator. This work is one of
the first surveys that provides an extensive analysis and
review of 110 publications that appear from 1/01/12 to
20/02/17. The purpose of the study is to analyze categori-
cally recent advances through qualitative and segmentation
methods allowing to reveal trends and areas of opportunity
in the industry sense of 4.0 in order to obtain research gaps
that may be executed in organizational systems on the value
chain. Another point is to be a reference in future research
related to the categories selected in this study.
Keywords  Business model · Value chain · Organizational
system · Industry 4.0 · Information technologies
1 Introduction
With the progress in technology and information systems,
it is being led to new demand levels from customers of all
industries, increasing the rush for productive systems to
provide rapid and efficient response.
The application of various technological tools, seeks
to meet constantly and efficiently customer demand, with
solid organizational structures that work with synergy and
add maximum value to their production, to develop ser-
vices or products.
The reorganization of operations are not intended to
mark a radical change in the functioning of the organiza-
tion, but rather adapt the technology and management
potential value of activities.
organization is imperative, developing advantages in a mar-
ket where economic liberalization is a crucial guideline;
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
 J. A. Saucedo‑Martínez et al.

that causes a complicated environment of increasing work

demands, provoking that the all companies work in a line
of continuous and high improvement productivity in their
processes and the administration. Thereof, it is necessary
the application of new techniques that allow the generation
Information Technologies
of value to provide market stability.
An important practice to achieve these objectives is the
integration of business operations, based on this concept,
improvements in business activities along the entire value
chain are crucial.
Arca et al. (2011) mentioned that every company bases Suppliers Processors Dealers Retailers Users

its operational processes in goals, those that give the sense Operations of the value chain

of existence and need to add value to their operations.

Neeraja et al. (2014) and Ltifi and Gharbi (2015) suggested
Fig. 1  Horizontal integration across the entire value creation network
keeping on mind the challenges to be met, is the key to
adapt the logistical means and determine its scope. That is
why the logistics must to be known as an essential part of
business today. Design and
develop
The main objective of this study is the identification of
opportunities, prospects and achievements in implementing
the various tools in industry 4.0 through critical thinking Manufacture
and evaluation of scientific resources, besides, to be a point Specification and test

of reference in future research related to the categories

selected in this study. It is important to mention that in the
PRODUCT LIFE
process of review and analysis of the information no publi- CYCLE
cation was found with a similar analysis with those catego-
ries developed.
The definitions that correspond to the concept of indus- Maintain Install and
comission
and repair
try 4.0 are the following:

– Integration of complex machinery and devices, with Operate

sensor and software networks, used to predict, control
and improve plan business and results in society (Toro
et  al. 2015; Moreno et  al. 2016; Simonis et  al. 2016;
Radziwon et al. 2014.
– New level of organization and management of the value
chain throughout the product life cycle (Trends 2015;
Prause and Weigand 2016).
– Collective term for technologies and concepts of the
organization of the value chain (Shafiq et al. 2015; Juan-
Verdejo and Surajbali 2016; Stojki’c et al. 2016).
– A holistic system of information technologies, people,
machines and tools, which allows the flow of goods,
services and data in a controlled way, through the value
chain, with operations with a high degree of autonomy
and high capacity to transmit useful information to deci-
sion-making (Dombrowski and Wagner 2014; Hermann
et al. 2016; Mazak and Huemer 2015; Qin et al. 2016;
Wolter et al. 2015; Botthof 2015).
Industry 4.0 has three main elements for its performance
within the production systems and for each of them there
are different challenges:
and monitor
Fig. 2  End-to-end engineering across the entire product life cycle
– Horizontal integration across the entire value crea-
tion network (see Fig.  1): This considers all the links
in the value chain and the relationships that are devel-
oped, establishing and maintaining networks that create
and add value (Rennung et al. 2016; Schuh et al. 2014;
Sokolov and Ivanov 2015; Kapoor 2014; Bauer et  al.
2015).
– Manufacturing systems, vertical and network integra-
tion (see Fig. 1): Its main purpose is to make a factory
work intelligently with its products and production pro-
cesses, properly managing the levels of inventory, main-
tenance, failures in machines, among other aspects, their
support are cyber-physical production systems (Moreno
et al. 2016; Schut 2016; Anderl 2014; Vyas et al. 2016;
Klemp and Pottebaum 2016; Hossain et al. 2016).
– End-to-end engineering across the entire product life
cycle (see Fig.  2): Systematically analyzes the data

13
Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review

obtained throughout the production process, and allows

50
quick decisions, with the follow up of the product or
service, with a focus on quality and customer satisfac-
tion (Abeele et al. 2015; Brettel et al. 2016b; Jung et al. 40
2015; Lee et al. 2014; Rennung et al. 2016).

The work is carried out as follows: Sect. 2 explains the 30

Articles Quantity
methodology used for the analysis of information,in the
Sect. 3, sets out the main elements involved in industry 4.0
20
according to the review and the analysis, and finally the
results on Sect.  4, reveals the findings and highlights the
areas of opportunity for continued research. 10

0
2 Methodology 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

The methodology used in the development of this research
is based on qualitative analysis content. By Lacey and Luff
(2001), the study was segmented into four phases for better
comprehension and understanding of each of the sections,
in this study, has been used the metodology that refers to
the analysis of qualitative content. The Table  1 shows the
description for each phase.
2.1 Data collection method
The information collected for the analysis and preparation
of this article covers the period January 2012–February
2017, considering articles published in journals, addition-
ally, articles that were accepted and in the process of pub-
lication available online, to avoid publishing bias content.
The research was conducted in the period from May
2016 to February 2017. The keywords included in the
search process are “Industry 4.0”, “internet of things”,
“smart manufacturing”, “smart logistics”, “supply chain”.
These words were combined with each other using the
Boolean operators “and”, “or”, “not” and “xor”. Obtaining
a total of 110 scientific articles to check.
Fig. 3  Distribution of scientific articles on industry 4.0 topics
The collection phase material was performed using the
database of the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, the
magazines consulted refer to multidisciplinary and special-
ized areas of economy and administration which the fol-
lowing were included: Academic OneFile, EBSCOHost,
Emerald, Science Direct-Freedom Collection, Springer,
IOP Science, IEEE Xplore.
It was evaluated a selection of documents that have hig-
ger relevance in the topics involved in industry 4.0, like
the conceptualization of this industrial revolution, as well
as the analysis of flexible production environments, cyber-
physical systems and the role of the supply chain in this
context, for the years 2012–2017. Therefore, all published
documents before 2012 were discarded.
2.2 Sampling strategy
One hundred ten scientific articles were analyzed, being
published between 2012 and 2017 from different scien-
tific journals. Figure  3 shows the graph of the collected

Table 1  Research metodology
Research phases Phase description
(Elo et al. 2014)
Characteristics Objective

Data collection Include many articles with something relationship with the Collect articles that relate to research in different areas of
industrial evolution business operations
Sampling strategy This strategy was established considering the discriminative The developed literature review covered the period from
sampling (Quintana-Peña 2006) and descriptive analysis 2012 to 2017
Category selection Maximize opportunities to verify the arguments constructed, Visualize the parameters in research within technology and
as well as the relationships between categories operations that have developed in industry 4.0 and hot
topics
Material evaluation This phase was carried out with the compilation of all the Get to know the trends and scientific and technological
material in an organized manner progress in industry 4.0

13
 J. A. Saucedo‑Martínez et al.

articles, and it is possible to visualize the increase of Additive

researchs on this topic, reason why it is considered impor- Manufacturing

tant to know the applications that can be derived on the Simulation Horizontal and vertical
system integration
combination of the technologies and tools that are part
of industry 4.0 and define the opportunity areas. After a
search in the longitudinal distribution of publications, it
is seen that as of 2014 the number of published works
has doubled through the years. In the coming years, we Big data PROMINENT
Cyber
security
anticipate another “peak” as a result of the opportunities & Analytics TECHNOLOGIES
provided by the emerging technologies applicable to Sup-
ply Chain Management.
The researches consulted proceed from 32 countries
where they have developed application proposals, theo- The industrial
Augmented
Reality
retical bases and even simulations about industry 4.0, the internet of things
Fig. 4 shows the ranking of the countries with researches
in this topic. It can be seen that the greatest concentration Autonomous
of research done research from Germany, which affirms robots The cloud
the origin of this revolution in this country.
Fig. 5  Group technologies and tools for industry 4.0

2.3 Category selection
The allocation of categories for the articles was com-
pleted so that each article belongs to a single category,
avoiding the possible connection between categories.
The selection of categories was defined in the research
process and was done in agreement the scenarios con-
sidered by industry 4.0, composed by 9 blocks bunch-
ing technologies and tools, see Fig.  5. These groups are
diversified in order to settle an integral system, also con-
sidering customers, operations and production systems
(Trends 2015; Toro et al. 2015; Gilchrist 2016).
The 110 articles reviewed were divided among the
nine blocks which are as follows: big data and analyt-
ics, autonomous robots, simulation, horizontal and verti-
cal system integration, the industrial internet of things,
cyber-security, additive manufacturing, augmented real-
ity and the cloud. Figure  6 shows the categories and
the author citation that developing topics about each
category.
Figure 6 shows the graphic of assignment articles to cat-
egories in percent, in addition it can be observed how there
are some blocks that have been more emphasized in the
recent researches, and others that are in growth.
2.4 Material evaluation
The evaluation of the selected scientific articles was done
through a spreadsheet, in which the most relevant informa-
tion of each article was organized by: name of the publi-
cation and data (authors, keywords, journal name, volume
number, publication date, pages and number of citations to

6.4%
3.6% 12.7%

24% 8.2%
6.4%

2.7%
38% 3.6%
Germany
4%
USA

China Additive manufacturing 17.3%

4%
Simulation
Spain
Augumented Reality
4%
United Kingdom Cyber Security 39.1%
4% 14% Autonomous Robots
Austria
The cloud
Switzerland 7% Big data and analytics
Rest of the world with a The industrial internet of things
percentage less than 4% Horizontal and vertical system integration

Fig. 4  Scientific articles carried out in different countries Fig. 6  Scientific articles percent found by categories

13
Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review

the date of consultation), objective of the article, methodol- use of data, this requiring the technological infrastructure
ogy, research focus and conclusions. that allows collecting and grouping the data (Ji et al. 2016a;
Fedorov et  al. 2015; Ji et  al. 2016b; Wieland and Pfitzner
2014) here are a few:
3 Information discussion and analysis
– Connections with sensors and networks.
The analysis of the information obtained consist of a sys- – Cloud computing.
tematic review of the scientific articles assigned to the – Cyber systems.
categories settled down the methodology. Therefore this – Content and context.
section is composed of nine divisions: big data and analyt- – Collaboration between the parties involved.
ics, autonomous robots, simulation, horizontal and vertical – Customization.
system integration, the industrial internet of things, cyber-
security, additive manufacturing, augmented reality and the There are determinant criteria for the use of data for decision
cloud. making, many of them are based on qualitative and grouping
techniques, in contrast, in the literature review the numeri-
3.1 Big data and analytics cal and mathematical application has been found to facilitate
the process for making decisions, in this sense, algorithms
In the process of reviewing scientific articles, the use and are proposed for the reduction of costs in the productive
application of big data represents an important percent- processes. Data generation happens in all productive pro-
age of 12.7%, due to the fact that, in order to establish the cesses (Schuh et al. 2014; Lee et al. 2014), also are propos-
connections between systems (machines, information sys- als of autonomous organization and coordination (Wang et al.
tems, linkage with sensors, among others), must have the 2016; Ramachandran et al. 2016).
support of the internet of things, development of robots, The big data analysis refers to the communications and
and the generation of information in the cloud, in order to information technologies tendency which is to process a large
obtain necessary information that can be manipulated, this amount of data to make more efficient the decision-making
situation of dependence explains that the growth of big data process and increase the productivity.
goes hand in hand with other industrial blocks 4.0. In the industry 4.0 context, big data is processed using
The generation of data happens in all productive pro- advanced analytical tools to consider non-visible factors and
cesses. The organization in a coherent way, allows them to generate self-aware and self-sustaining systems. Countries
analyze them and propose them to the administration for such as Germany and Japan are the most advanced in the dig-
decision making, this allows the optimization of production itization of their value chains processes.
processes, quality and service. As examples of the use of mathematical models in the
The role of the data is seen in this scheme as a basis for context of industry 4.0 the following can be mention.
the generation of useful knowledge for decision making,
taking as reference that any data generated intervenes in 3.1.1 Polynomial regression
the development of activities, then to include it in decision
making is imperative, considering big data is closely linked This model consist
with data mining, and sharing similar elements about infor- yi = a0 + a1 xi + a2 xi2 + ⋯ + am xm
m
+ 𝜖i , (i = 1, 2, … , n) can
mation management to generate knowledge (Chen et  al. be expressed in matrix form in terms of a design matrix 𝐗
2015). , a response vector 𝐲, a parameter vector 𝐚, and a vector 𝛜 of
The importance of the generation and use of data in random errors. The i-th row of 𝐗 and 𝐲 will co value for the
the new industrial landscape is to respond to changes and i-th data sample. Then the model can be written as a system
fluctuations through connected platforms quickly and effi- of linear equations:
ciently, this changes the meaning of operations, if decisions
are made without analysis, the response time would be ⎡ y1 ⎤ ⎡a ⎤
⎢ y ⎥ ⎡1 x1 x12 ⋯ x1m ⎤ ⎢ 0 ⎥ ⎡ 𝜖1 ⎤
prolonged and in most cases inefficient (Esmaeilian et  al. a
⎢ 2 ⎥ ⎢1 x2 x22 ⋯ x2m ⎥ ⎢ 1 ⎥ ⎢ 𝜖2 ⎥
2016), in this sense the analysis of information is an impor- ⎢ y3 ⎥ = ⎢⋮ ⋮ ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ 2 ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ ⋮ ⎥⎥
a + ,
⎢⋮⎥ ⎢ ⋮ ⋮ ⋯
tant element in the creation of value (Kagermann 2015), ⋮
and in the form of establishing strategic procedures that ⎢ y ⎥ ⎣1 xn xn2 ⋯ xnm ⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ 𝜖n ⎦
⎣ n⎦ ⎣ am ⎦
are in the whole productive process (Ji et al. 2016a; Matties
2016).
The literature review establishes several components which when using pure matrix notation is written as
involved that create the appropriate environment for the 𝐲 = 𝐗𝐚 + 𝛜. The vector of estimated polynomial regression

13

coefficients is â̄ = (𝐗T 𝐗)−1 𝐗T 𝐲. This is the unique least-
squares solution as long as 𝐗 has linearly independent
columns.
3.1.2 Support vector machine
Support vector machine constructs a hyperplane or set
of hyperplanes in a high- or infinite-dimensional space,
which can be used for classification, regression, or other
tasks. Intuitively, a good separation is achieved by the
hyperplane that has the largest distance to the nearest
training-data point of any class (so-called functional mar-
gin), since in general the larger the margin the lower the
generalization error of the classifier.
The hyperplanes in the higher-dimensional space are
defined as the set of points whose dot product with a
vector in that space is constant. The vectors defining the
hyperplanes can be chosen to be linear combinations with
parameters 𝛼i of images of feature vectors xi that occur in
the data base. With this choice of a hyperplane, the points
x in the feature space that are mapped into the hyperplane
∑
are defined by the relation: i 𝛼i k(xi , x) = constant. Note
that if k(x, y) becomes small as y grows further away from
x, each term in the sum measures degree of closeness of
the test point x to the corresponding data base point xi. In
this way, the sum of kernels above can be used to meas-
ure the relative nearness of each test point to the data
points originating in one or the other of the sets to be dis-
criminated. Note the fact that the set of points x mapped
into any hyperplane can be quite convoluted as a result,
allowing much more complex discrimination between
sets which are not convex at all in the original space.
3.1.3 Artificial neural network
Mathematically, a neurons network functions f(x) is
defined as a composition of the other functions gi (x),
which can further be defined as a composition of other
functions. This can be convenient represented as a net-
work structure, with arrows depicting the dependencies
between variables. A widely used type of composition is
∑
the nonlinear weighted sum, where f (x) = K( i wi gi (x))
, where K is some predefined function, such as the hyper-
bolic tangent or sigmoid function. The important char-
acteristic of the activation function is that it provides
a smooth transition as input values change, i.e. small
change in input produces a small changes in output. It
will be convenient for the following to refer to a collec-
tion of functions gi, as a simply vector g = (g1 , g2 , … , gn ).
13
J. A. Saucedo‑Martínez et al.
3.1.4 Clustering algorithms
Clustering algorithms can be categorized based on their
cluster model. The following overview will only list the
most prominent examples of clustering algorithms,as there
are possibly over 100 published clustering algorithms. Not
all provide models for their clusters and can thus not easily
be categorized. One of this methods is the k-means cluster-
ing, this is a method of vector quantization, originally from
signal processing, that is popular for cluster analysis in data
mining. k-means clustering aims to partition n observa-
tions into k clusters in which each observation belongs to
the cluster with the nearest mean, serving as a prototype of
the cluster. This results in a partitioning of the data space
into Voronoi cells. The problem is computationally difficult
(NP-hard); however, there are efficient heuristic algorithms
that are commonly employed and converge quickly to a
local optimum.
3.1.5 Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean
The UPGAM algorithm constructs a rooted tree that
reflects the structure present in a pairwise similarity matrix.
At each step, the nearest two clusters are combined into a
higher-level cluster. The distance between any two clusters
A and B, each of size |A| and |B|, is taken to be the average
of all distances d(x, y) between pairs of objects x ∈ A and
y ∈ B, that is, the mean distance between elements of each
cluster:
1 ∑∑
d(x, y).
|A| ⋅ |B| x∈A y∈B
3.2 Autonomous robots
A way to reflect the integral production, is to strengthen
the activities of the processes with the use of autonomous
robots, so they can reduce errors in simple tasks.
In the literature review it has a 6.4% of application,
hence, it is in average growth, it is closely related to the
levels of automation that the company has, because the
robots increases the level of efficiency of the production’s
lines and to some extent optimize the system (Brettel et al.
2016a). To achieve this efficient flow it is necessary to
establish relations of the generation of actions of robots
with information management systems (Bagheri et  al.
2015; Schlott 2013), representing a context of integration
of technologies or physical objects (Botthof 2015; Kolberg
and Zühlke 2015).
The use of robots is in sustained growth, and is not
only in production lines, but is also encompassing other
Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review
important areas, such as administration in reporting auton-
omously while connecting to Enterprise Resourcing Plan-
ning (ERP) (Faller and Feldmuller 2015).
3.3 Simulation
Considered as the best option for saving time and resources,
it evaluates the changes and behaviors in the configuration
of machines, process flow and plant designs, it tests the
effectiveness of the changes without them being realized
(Moreno et al. 2016). They have a significant boom in the
new industrial age, in the literature represented 3.6%, their
methodology is part of the strategic analysis in the crea-
tion of new projects, their greatest advantage is provided
by testing the decisions that are planned to execute, ensur-
ing success under certain conditions, or rejecting the step
to the operation, these conditions must strictly include the
structure of the socio-technical production system, there-
fore must consider technological systems, organizational
systems and the human factor (Dombrowski and Wagner
2014; Long et al. 2016).
Its applications in the current production system, relate
the supply networks in a cyber physical environment and
the coordination that must have for the production schedul-
ing (Ivanov et al. 2016).
3.4 Horizontal and vertical system integration
The vision of systems integration is to create a collabora-
tive scenario between engineering, production, suppliers,
marketing, and supply chain operations, considering the
levels of automation and information flow.
In the literature review this block is the largest, it repre-
sents 39.1% and this is due to the large number of elements
form part of, therefore the integration activities can be exe-
cuted (Kapoor 2014). In principle the system integration is
the first step to make the vision of industry 4.0 reality and
achieve their goals(Schlechtendahl et al. 2016), for the sys-
tems as a whole are analized in the productive flow, in this
sense, it proposes structural changes in organization and
management of physical objects, as well as the establish-
ment of connections with information systems (Lee et  al.
2015; Vyas et al. 2016; Thiel and Thiel 2015; Zhang et al.
2014; Prause and Weigand 2016; Wende et al. 2014; Rein-
heimer 2015; Reischauer and Schober 2015; Sattler 2014;
Hogrebe and Kruse 2015).
Another criterion that explains the magnitude of this
block is due to a certain extent which includes the remain-
ing eight blocks, making use of them to strengthen the syn-
ergy of their networks and execute activities throughout
the value chain intelligently, can be defined as industry 4.0
in action (Qin et al. 2016; Rennung et al. 2016; Pan et al.
2015; Brettel et al. 2016b; Khan and Turowski 2016; Stock
and Seliger 2016; Schuh et al. 2015; Bauer et al. 2015; Her-
mann et al. 2016; Mazak and Huemer 2015).
In order to carry out this integration, it considers the
elements and characteristics that the system must have in
order to be able to perform successfully. From a variety of
perspectives, the physical objects, the characteristics of the
information flow, the elements for automation and more,
the operations in which directly impact this block, is in the
programming of material flow in the supply chains, and this
is also linked to the administration of information systems
(Sokolov and Ivanov 2015; Maier et al. 2015; Forstner and
Dümmler 2014; Botthof and Hartmann 2014; Lasi et  al.
2014; Jung et al. 2015), hence the level of flexibility of the
company should also be considered as a determining fac-
tor for integration (Brettel et al. 2016b; Mazak and Huemer
2015).
In addition to establish business characteristics, it devel-
ops plans for structuring business models in industry 4.0
(Schumacher et al. 2016; Kans and Ingwald 2016; Waldner
et al. 2015).
Business and technological development is important,
however, systems integration visualizes global function-
ing as a whole, from being an innovation systems in indus-
tries to a lifestyle, considering a strong energy generation
in a autonomous way (Gabriel and Pessl 2016; Sprock and
McGinnis 2015; Giret et al. 2016; Mosterman and Zander
2016; Davis et  al. 2012; Radziwon et  al. 2014; Gruber
2013; Foidl and Felderer 2016).
3.5 The industrial Internet Of Things
In the literature analysis it represents 17.3%, it is the second
block with the highest boom. In recent years the accelerated
growth of the internet has been see being more involved in
fully in the use of smartphones, which have great data pro-
cessing capabilities and multiples functions, making every-
day in a life connection with other systems.
Internet, is a backbone in the development of industry
4.0, practically manages the information in all aspects, and
of this block are delineated others, such as cloud, cyber
security, simulation and augmented reality, although to a
lesser extent (Shafiq et  al. 2015; Colom et  al. 2016; Hos-
sain et al. 2016).
It manages all virtual systems, hence its importance, it
is also considered as the support of industry 4.0, for that
reason in many countries the fourth industrial revolution
is called as the internet of things (Hoppe 2014;Sherwin
2016).
In the enterprise system, it proposes platforms for mul-
tiple operations, such as procurement with software named
Enterprise Resourcing Planning (ERP) and Customer Rela-
tionship Management (CRM) (Gilchrist 2016; Verdouw
13

et al. 2016; Stojki’c et al. 2016; Toro et al. 2015; Nowodz-
inski et al. 2014).
For this reason, for operations, the flow of information
is indissociable, it uses devices and sensors, which through
centralized controllers communicate the information of
equipment, components, products, services, processes,
etc. both in the company and throughout the supply chain
(Laghari and Niazi 2006; Dachyar and Risky 2014; Amin
et al. 2015; Takano et al. 2016).
3.6 Cyber‑security
It represents a tiny 2.7% in the literature analysis, however,
it is a very weighty element, when cloud data and patent
development are managed in the cloud.
Cyber security emerges with the continuous develop-
ment of internet-based systems. Security in the context of
information is a term well understood in the business envi-
ronment, but talking about connected objects that gener-
ate information and distribute it, is complex and somewhat
dangerous, since presents vulnerability in the system, by
the attacks of some hacker (Weber and Studer 2016).
The issue of security in internet networks is a topic that
is becoming very important for both companies and con-
sumers. It is important to mention, that the culture of inter-
net acquisitions is growing in developing countries, even
through the confidence of acquiring products is not as high
as in physical yet, we are referring only to operations of
purchase and invoicing that are those that have had acceler-
ated growth in the market.
If we speak of industries managed with data in the net-
work, a high level of security is required for confidential
operations, for this it developing legal aspects that must
include the flow of data in the network, as well as the
administration of privacy (Lu et al. 2015).
Cyber-security controls and protects processes and sys-
tems that operate on the internet, recognizes changes and
vulnerabilities, and verifies that who has access to the sys-
tem is an authorized user (Albers et al. 2016).
3.7 Additive manufacturing
In the literature review, this block represents 8.2%, imply-
ing that it is a major focus in industry 4.0, reflected as one
of the goal objectives, maximizing the efficiency of produc-
tion operations, without unnecessary costs.
In terms of production, industry 4.0 has a direct impact
on production planning and management, additive manu-
facturing does not revolutionize processes, because it is
already included in the horizontal and vertical integration
block and the use of robots (Trends 2015; Anderl 2014).
Its role in the production planning visualizes the creation
process, and it is advanced by the creation of prototypes
13
J. A. Saucedo‑Martínez et al.
goes hand in hand with the use of intelligent machinery
(Klemp and Pottebaum 2016). This allows the flexibility
level of the company to be evaluated before running the
production (Scholz et al. 2016).
With prototyping and 3D printing, additive manufactur-
ing proves the concepts embodied in design, and allows to
obtain small samples without wasting material, which con-
cludes in savings, in addition let to focus on the consumer
to increase the level of customization (Bogers et al. 2016;
Pickett 2016b; Trends 2015), in convergence with intelli-
gent manufacturing it give to obtain results in an ideal pro-
duction system with advantages of both (Ferro et al. 2016;
Gaub 2016).
3.8 Augmented reality
Just as cyber-security, this block represents 3.6% in litera-
ture analysis, it is an important part of projections, it uses
intelligent devices in which physical reality is combined
with virtual elements, this allows to know the behaviors of
the object of study in a given environment.
The augmented reality applications range from visual
arts and games to medical, military, navigation and space
situations; if we focus on industrial applications and pro-
ductive processes, applications are reduced to e-commerce,
administration and marketing (Wolter et al. 2015).
Augmented reality is an important element of the intel-
ligent industry, for the execution of operations (Kolberg
and Zühlke 2015), with the advancement of vision risks are
reduced for various processes in the value chain. In manu-
facturing systems, augmented reality is based on systems
to improve maintenance procedures, while reducing costs
(Simonis et al. 2016).
3.9 The cloud
The role of the cloud in industry 4.0, according to the lit-
erature review is 6.4%, takes elements of the internet of
things, however, in addition to transferring them at high
speed, stores them; the advantages it represents on the
management of data in a conventional way, is the ability to
respond, apart from ensuring its availability from anywhere
in the world, provided that access to the internet (Thames
and Schaefer 2016; Gao et al. 2015).
In other words, it is a mechanism for sharing informa-
tion with collaborators, it is characterized by its speed, this
allows administrators to store data in the cloud and imple-
ment new systems to monitor and control processes through
digital plataforms (Juan-Verdejo and Surajbali 2016; Pick-
ett 2016a).
Its applications are very varied; in industry 4.0 it looks
for a heterogeneous integration of devices and data gen-
eration (Abeele et  al. 2015; Jonathan 2016), to ensure its
Industry 4.0 framework for management and operations: a review

Table 2  Relationship between categories

Categories Relations

Big data and analytics (A) (Lee et al. 2014)BE (Schuh et al. 2014)CD (Wang et al. 2016)BDE (Ji et al. 2016b)D (Ji et al.
2016a)EI (Matties 2016)DE (Chen et al. 2015)DEG (Ramachandran et al. 2016))DE (Wieland and
Pfitzner 2014)DE (Fedorov et al. 2015)DEG (Esmaeilian et al. 2016)D (Kagermann 2015)DEI
(Stojanovic et al. 2016)DE (Losch et al. 2016)DG
Autonomous robots (B) (Brettel et al. 2016a)EGI (Botthof 2015)EG (Kolberg and Zühlke 2015)DEG (Faller and Feldmuller
2015)DE (Bagheri et al. 2015)DGI (Schlott 2013)DE (Bahrin et al. 2016)EI
Simulation (C) (Dombrowski and Wagner 2014)D (Moreno et al. 2016)BEG (Long et al. 2016)BG (Ivanov et al.
2016)D
Horizontal and vertical system integration (D) (Rennung et al. 2016)E (Pan et al. 2015)BE (Sokolov and Ivanov 2015)CEI (Schuh et al. 2014)EI
(Brettel et al. 2016b)EGI (Kapoor 2014)EI (Khan and Turowski 2016)E (Schlechtendahl et al.
2016)BEGI (Stock and Seliger 2016)BEI (Lee et al. 2015)EI (Schuh et al. 2015)EI (Bauer et al.
2015)EI (Hermann et al. 2016)EI (Mazak and Huemer 2015) AEI (Qin et al. 2016)EG (Schu-
macher et al. 2016)BEGI (Kans and Ingwald 2016)EI (Thiel and Thiel 2015)EI (Zhang et al.
2014)EI (Prause and Weigand 2016)BEI (Gabriel and Pessl 2016)EI (Maier et al. 2015)EI (Vyas
et al. 2016)EI (Wende et al. 2014)BEI (Reinheimer 2015)E (Reischauer and Schober 2015)E
(Sattler 2014)BEI (Hogrebe and Kruse 2015)E (Forstner and Dümmler 2014)E (Botthof and
Hartmann 2014)BEI (Lasi et al. 2014)E (Jung et al. 2015)E (Sprock and McGinnis 2015)EI
(Giret et al. 2016)BEI (Mosterman and Zander 2016)EI (Davis et al. 2012)EI (Radziwon et al.
2014)BEG (Gruber 2013)EI (Foidl and Felderer 2016))EI (Waldner et al. 2015)EI (Batista et al.
2017)BEI (Oesterreich and Teuteberg 2016)E (Weyer et al. 2015)E
The industrial Internet of Things (E) (Li et al. 2015)DI (Magruk 2016)BDGI (Bartodziej 2016)DI (Trappey et al. 2016)BDI (Toro et al.
2015)BDHI (Shafiq et al. 2015)BDGI (Gilchrist 2016) I (Hoppe 2014)D (Stojki’c et al. 2016)DE
(Sherwin 2016)DI (Nowodzinski et al. 2014)DI (Laghari and Niazi 2006)CDI (Dachyar and
Risky 2014)D (Amin et al. 2015)D (Takano et al. 2016)BI (Colom et al. 2016) ADI (Hossain et al.
2016)BGI (Shrouf et al. 2014)BHI (Verdouw et al. 2016)BDG
Cyber-security (F) (Albers et al. 2016)BDEI (Weber and Studer 2016)DEI (Lu et al. 2015) ADEI
Additive manufacturing (G) (Schut 2016)BEI (Pickett 2016b)DEI (Trends 2015)BEDI (Anderl 2014)DEI (Klemp and Pottebaum
2016)DEI (Scholz et al. 2016))BEI (Ferro et al. 2016)EI (Bogers et al. 2016)EI (Gaub 2016)BEI
Augmented reality (H) (Kovar et al. 2016)DEI (Kolberg and Zühlke 2015)BDEI (Simonis et al. 2016)D (Wolter et al.
2015)DEI
The cloud (I) (Juan-Verdejo and Surajbali 2016)DE (Gao et al. 2015)BDE (Thames and Schaefer 2016)DE (Pick-
ett 2016a)DE (Jonathan 2016)D (Abeele et al. 2015)DE (Nowicka 2014)BED

availability and effectiveness, related to data analysis and
it possesing management models that make the system effi-
cient in study (Nowicka 2014). As shown in Fig. 6, the con-
cept “the cloud” only found at 6.4%, which indicates that
this item can be a line of research with many opportunities.
In the analysis of the information, a trend of intercon-
nections between categories was observed, which explains
that some categories are supported in others to be able to
develop, the Table  2 shows the existing relations between
these categories, the superscript in the quotation number
indicates the relationships with the other categories.
4 Conclusions and future work
Industry 4.0 has been gaining new heights and has high
growth expectations, as the current IT infrastructure ena-
bles the industry to adopt it quickly and efficiently. The
challenge will be to find human talent with the capac-
ity to develop analytical algorithms that lead to the
development of self-learning intelligence, taking advan-
tage of the current infrastructure. In addition to this, the
future of this technology is conditioned to the creation
of appropriate scientific areas, without this there would
be an obstacle to the adoption and proliferation of this
emerging technology.
The technological advances that are currently used in
manufacturing are base of industry 4.0. However, the entire
present production process will be transformed in this new
technological era. For instance, independent manufacturing
cells will be unified as a fully integrated and modernized
production flow and “Intelligent” machines and products
will have the possibility to communicate with each other
and some decisions will be made autonomously. A new
man-machine relationship will replace the classic relation-
ships among suppliers, companies and customers.
The interaction of machine-machine and machine-man
will allow a production customization and have more flex-
ible productive processes resulting in increasingly smaller
batches

13

All of the changes will provide the basis for the adop-
tion of new business models, production processes, devel-
opment of intelligent technologies and new curriculum
designs in academic programs.
This article shows a widely heterogeneous literature
in terms of resources, concepts and contents, and show-
ing a systematic review of the research and technological
advances on the development and application of technolo-
gies to the industrial sector, including elements of organi-
zation and administration. This review included 110 scien-
tific articles and the following findings are presented:
First, nine blocks were identified that as the backbone of
industry 4.0, including elements of industrial organization
and management of information and production processes.
These blocks were the focus of the investigation, so that it
obtained the panoramic view of its application in the indus-
trial sector, as well as its importance.
Secondly, the articles were assigned to the categories.
However, the articles revealed interconnections with the
other blocks, so that the systematic review, in addition to
identifying the category with greater weight, revealed the
requirements for the successful application of the catego-
ries in the industrial Sector and its interdependence with
the other blocks.
Third, the analysis revealed that the category with the
higher growth has been horizontal and vertical integra-
tion of systems, this is due to the fact that it represents
the industrial base, in terms of administration and estab-
lishment of relations with other companies. This block is
considered the pillar of industry 4.0, because it is inclu-
sive, that, from the reason of being of a company, arises
this block, and the remaining eight blocks show a slight
dependence on this one.
This review not only revealed the nine categories and
their applications, but also revealed criteria for the value
chain management in terms of planning. In addition, the
essential characteristics that a company must have to be
able to perform in the 4.0 environment, these features
include socio-technical environments as well as physical
objects virtualization through intelligent systems.
The contribution of this study is related to the industrial
development, in the implementation of new organizational
systems, information management or adaptation of techno-
logical systems to the productive processes, it is also used
as the basis in the structuring and organization of a com-
pany with the marked objectives in industry 4.0. This study
is relevant for academics, and we also consider it relevant
for practitioners, since it denotes the trends currently fol-
lowed by industry 4.0.
This article is the first part of the research project of a
thesis, so its continuity will contribute to the develop-
ment of a methodology that is currently in the process of
gestation.
13
J. A. Saucedo‑Martínez et al.
Looking at the future, the considerations of the busi-
ness sector in the terms of industry 4.0 and its application,
will be less complicated if the starting point establishes the
basic characteristics of implementation.
Acknowledgements  First EAI International Conference on Com-
puter Science and Engineering, November 11–12, 2016, Penang,
Malaysia.
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