Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tesis Amr
Tesis Amr
SCHOOL TEACHERS
Group Members:
Marie Engrid B. Caga
Maria Antonette O. Cagampang
Maya Arcelle R. Gabaisen
Ma. Mialuna Genosas
Mitzi Riva M. Isulat
Submitted to:
Buenaventura D. Libot, Ph.D
Dean, Graduate School
October, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page …………………………………………………………………………
Table of Contents ………………………………………………………………..
List of Tables …………………………………………………………………….
List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE …………………………………….
Introduction ……………………………………………………………….
Theoretical Background …………………………………………………
Legal Bases ………………………………………………………………
Related Literature ……………………………………………………….
Related Study ……………………………………………………………
The Problem ……………………………………………………………...
Statement of the Problem ……………………………………………….
Null Hypothesis …………………………………………………………..
Significance of the Study ……………………………………………….
Research Methodology …………………………………………………
Design ……………………………………………………………
Environment ……………………………………………………..
Respondents …………………………………………………….
Instrument ………………………………………………………..
Data Gathering …………………………………………………
Ethical Consideration ………………………………………….
Statistical Treatment …………………………………………
Definition of Terms ……………………………………………..
CHAPTER II
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
CHAPTER III
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary …………………………………………………………
Findings ……………………………………………………….....
Conclusion ……………………………………………………….
Recommendations ……………………………………………..
References ………………………………………………………
Appendices ………………………………………………………
Transmittal Letters ………………………………………………
Assent Form ……………………………………………………..
Informed Consent Form ………………………………………..
Tool ……………………………………………………………….
Curriculum Vitae …………………………………………………
LIST OF TABLES
Table
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
towards the common goal in education. One way to assess teachers’ effectiveness is
through student evaluations of teaching which uses many factors to consider in assessing
course content characteristics that is based also on student gender, instructor gender,
and student level. And it is concluded that gender bias plays a role in students’ views of
characteristics and that this bias generalizes across student levels (Young, et.al 2009).
Gender bias exists if women and men receive different evaluations that cannot be
explained by objective differences in teaching quality. The gender bias against women
is not only present in evaluation questions relating to the individual instructor, but also
when students are asked to evaluate learning materials, such as text books, research
student evaluation is already widespread among many institutions around the world. It is
used for tenure, compensation and other employment purposes. Thus, student evaluation
have a strong impact on career progression in each of the teacher in different learning
institutions.
and universities across the nation. It is one way of knowing more the teacher’s strengths
to produce more globally competitive individuals in our country. Aside from that, student
evaluation enable the teacher and the administrators to assess and address teacher’s
Theoretical Background
Male and female teachers are often presumed to differ in teaching styles,
capacities and effects on both teaching profession and the learners. Learners also differ
in assessing their teachers’ effectiveness in teaching. The following theories explains the
said phenomenon:
education has been the development of women’s studies courses and curricula for both
colleges and high schools by women teachers influenced by feminist ideas and attitudes.
Women teachers have created courses addressing women and history, psychology,
literature and other disciplines; they have sought less authoritarian relationships in the
classroom and are still in process of developing a feminist pedagogy. (Weiler K., 1988).
It is said that women teachers have less authority in the classroom that leads to the
Moreover, Social-Role Theory suggests that men may be more effective than
women in leadership roles, any differences should be small in view of female leaders’
demonstrated tendency to adopt leadership styles that are likely to minimize role conflict
(Eagly and Johnson, 1990). This implies that in classroom setting male teachers are more
capable in dealing with the students since they are more effective in leadership roles
compared to women.
On the other hand, early second-waved feminist analyses sought to discreet the
sexist view that because girls tended to perform poorly in “masculine” subjects such as
math and science, they were incapable of meeting high intellectual standards. As long as
teacher and parents did not treat girls unfairly or missocialize them into thinking they could
not do well in difficult subjects, socialization theorist argued, girls could meet the same
academic standards as boys. By providing all children with gender-neutral education and
eliminating other obstacles to female success, schools would not only ensure fairness but
guarantee not just a fair learning environment but also hiring a more skilled workers in
Memorandum Circular No. 48, s. 2013, this includes directing all concerned
government agencies to adopt the gender equality guidelines in the development of their
mainstreaming. This recognizes the role of every individual to ensure the fundamental
equality before the law of women and men. For this purpose, teachers can manifest their
skills and capabilities to their students without any feeling of gender discrimination and so
with the students can learn on how to judge things that is right or wrong regardless of
DepEd Order No. 32, s. 2017 (Gender-Responsive Basic Education Policy), the
equity, gender sensitivity, non-discrimination and human rights, in the provision and
governance of basic education. Thus, this is mandated to ensure access to quality basic
In relation to this study, this Memorandum and DepEd Order shows that it wants
Related Literature
As mentioned by A.H. (2000) that men married teachers and single women married
teachers were found to have inclination towards teaching satisfaction and aptitude but it
has known that the location of the school affect effectiveness of teachers. Those teachers
working in city schools were established as effective teachers than those who teach in
the province. On the other hand, it was found out that those women teachers were
Cambodia, India and Malaysia remain fewest (Omar, 1993; Usui, Suzana & Kayegama,
2003). Very small indication of women extending upward when it comes to educational
management still subsist, But regardless of this, women representation in the highest
level when it comes to educational leadership is progressively greater. Men remain hold
success in the key educational committees. In the case of Philippines and Singapore
appreciate and typically approve capability of women take responsibility in the field of
higher education management (Tai, 2011; Gooch, 2012). Gender dissimilarities and
mechanism of defining and communicating the assessing criteria to teachers may effect
Heneman, 2001). Unusually teachers may enrich their work level during assessment as
an answer to traditional motivation exclusively to find that a higher level is a better long-
run balance. These mechanisms for existing advancement do not prevent teacher
individual teachers get much new information in the assessment process, administrators
with the power to discipline or reward teachers based on the assessment results gain a
teacher’s overall final scores and these final scores have very small significant variation.
In the end, the results are more coherent with ability development and long-run change
Related Study
Young, Suzanne; Rush, Leslie; and Shaw, Dale, (2009). Research on effective
teaching suggests that student ratings are considered to be valid and reliable and are
commonly used in university setting. The study shows that student ratings differ according
conducted to examine the gender bias in students’ ratings of effective teaching. The
students in five (5) colleges were asked to rate instructors on the three factors:
gender, and student level. The result tells that ratings of pedagogical and course content
concluded that gender bias plays a role in students’ view of effective teaching in terms of
how students evaluate pedagogical and content characteristics and that this bias
Mitchell, K.M., & Martin J. (2018). Many universities use student evaluations of
practices against feminine teachers. This study additional explores the connection
between gender and SETs delineated by MacNell, Driscoll, and Hunt (2015) by
students’ ordinal marking of their instructors. The authors show that the language student
language employed in evaluating feminine professors. They conjointly show that a male
higher ordinal scores in teaching evaluations, even once queries don’t seem to be
teaching evaluations might indicate that the utilization of evaluations in a job selection is
Figure 1.
Research Flow Chart
Statement of the Problem
The main purpose of this study is to assess the implication of gender perspective
of the Grade 12-GAS Students in evaluating the effectiveness of teaching in Dr. Cecilio
Putong National High School – Tagbilaran City, Bohol SY: 2019-2020. The findings of
Ho1. There is no significant degree of difference between the profile and the following:
1. Interpersonal Characteristic;
2. Pedagogical Characteristic; and
3. Course Content characteristic?
Ho2. There is no significant relationship between gender perspectives and the following:
1. Interpersonal Characteristic;
2. Pedagogical Characteristic; and
3. Course Content characteristic?
Ho3. There is no significant degree of difference between the gender perspectives of both
Students. This study will help to find out the relevance and contributing factors of gender
bias in students rating of effective teaching. They can be aware on how to rate their
teachers.
Teachers. They will be aware and able to understand the students preferred teacher and
to make their teaching more effective. They can easily determine as to what characteristic
can get some information that might a big help in their research towards gender bias of
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Design
This study will use a descriptive –correlational method. The researcher will collect
data through survey questionnaire which will be given to the Grade 12-GAS students’ in
which the students will rate their teachers in both sexes to determine gender bias in
teaching effectiveness. The correlation method will be used in finding the relationship
Environment
The study will be conducted at Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School, originally
the Bohol National High School or BNHS; also Bohol High, is a public, secondary
educational institution at Tagbilaran City, Bohol. It is located along CPG North Avenue.
Figure 2
The respondents of the study will be the Grade 12-GAS Senior High students of
40 40 80
OVERALL TOTAL 80
There were eighty (80) respondents composing of forty (40) male students and
forty (40) female students. The researchers make use of complete enumeration as the
Instrument
In this study, the researcher will provide a standardized survey questionnaire that
contains 25 questions that the respondents have to answer with a 4-point Likert scale.
This instrument consists of the 3 domains which are the Interpersonal Characteristics,
evaluate and rate the teacher according to these measures: 4-Strongly Agree (indicates
to which you feel the item best describe your teacher), 3-Agree (indicates to which you
feel the item describe your teacher), 2-Disagree (indicates to which you feel the item does
not describe your teacher), 1-Strongly Disagree (indicates to which you feel the item does
(2009).
The researchers made a letter to the Dean of the Graduate School of University of
Bohol asking permission to conduct the said study. Next, the researcher asked
permission for the conduct of the study from the office of the district supervisor. Another
The researchers made a letter to the students to participate in the said study and
so with the parents were asked to allow their children to participate in the study.
Upon the approval, the researchers will personally administer the questionnaires
to the respondents with full explanations on the purpose and the importance of the study.
To ensure that the students really understand each item, the researchers will explain each
questions.
Phase 3. Treatment of Data. The researchers will tabulate the data, analyze, and
Aside from the explanations as to the purpose and benefits that can be derived
from this study, the researchers will undergo ethics review by the UB Research Ethics
Committee. The researchers made an assent form for the students and consent form for
the parents asking permission to allow his/her child to participate in the study after
explaining the purpose of this study which is to determine the gender perspective in
student ratings of teaching effectiveness of Grade 12- GAS students in Dr. Cecilio Putong
National High School. The researchers assured that all information gathered will be kept
Statistical Treatment
Operational Definition
The following terms are provided by the researchers for further clarification and
Gender Bias
Refers to the interaction of the gender of the students with the gender of their
Teaching Effectiveness
Refers to the knowledge of the teachers of what is being taught, enthusiasm for
teaching, rapport between teacher and student and organization of the learning situation.
Student Ratings
effectiveness.
CHAPTER II
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The researcher tallied and tabulated the data gathered from the questionnaires,
after which they applied statistical analysis into the tabulated data which enabled the
researcher to interpret and provide answers to the questions specified to the problem.
Table 2, presented the data on the distribution of age and sex of the Grade 12-
Table 2
Profile of the Grade 12-GAS students in Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
N = 162
Age
frequency percentage rank
(years)
16 112 69% 1
17 48 30% 2
18 2 1% 3
mean:
162 100%
16.32
Sex frequency percentage rank
Male 44 27% 2
Female 118 73% 1
162 100%
Age. In terms of age, it shows that the majority of the respondents are 16 years old which
consist of 112 or 69% of the population. Followed by respondents who are 17 years old
which consist of 48 or 30% of the population. The least number of respondents are the
ones who age 18 years old which consist of 2 or 1% of the population. Majority of the
respondents ages between 16 and 17 since it is corresponding grade levels on that age
Sex. In terms of sex, it shows that the majority of the respondents are females which
consist of 118 or 73% of the population. Followed by respondents are males which consist
of 44 or 27% of the population. Most of the respondents are females as they have less
likely to dropout and continue to pursue higher studies. And many of the male students
Table 3 shows the results on the level of competency on the teaching effectiveness
Table 3
Level of Competency on the Teaching Effectiveness In Dr. Cecilio Putong
N = 162
B. PEDAGOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
The instructor was knowledgeable 3.62962963 Attained Mastery 2 2
about subject matter.
The instructor communicated 3.543209877 Attained Mastery 7 11
effectively.
The instructor was well prepared 3.561728395 Attained Mastery 6 10
for each class.
The instructor was self-confident. 3.666666667 Attained Mastery 1 1
Mastery” with the mean rating of 3.45. The statement “The instructor was warm and
friendly.” has a weighted mean of 3.62 with a description of “Attained Mastery”, is ranked
as 1st, as perceived by the students. Followed by the statement “The instructor motivated
students to their best.” has a weighted mean of 3.59 with a description of “Attained
Mastery” ranked as 2nd, as perceived by the students. but the statement “The instructor
was enthusiastic about online teaching.” has a weighted mean of 3.04 with a description
of “Highly Competent”, is ranked as 11th, as perceived by the students. This shows that
the teachers were competent enough to be approachable and get respect by his/her
students. They like the conducive atmosphere the teacher has made that the student
doesn’t feel threaten nor disadvantage in his/her class. The teacher need to enhance
his/her familiarity and skills in new technology so that he can jive and aware of the things
Mastery” with the mean rating of 3.58. The statement “The instructor was self-confident..”
has a weighted mean of 3.67 with a description of “Attained Mastery”, is ranked as 1st, as
perceived by the students. Followed by the statement “The instructor was knowledgeable
about subject matter.” has a weighted mean of 3.63 with a description of “Attained
Mastery” ranked as 2nd , as perceived by the students. but the statement “The instructor
was able to explain material clearly.” has a weighted mean of 3.49 with a description of
“Attained Mastery”, is ranked as 8th, as perceived by the students. The teachers are
considered as trustworthy by their students since they perceive that teacher knows and
shows mastery of the subject. The teacher needs to reevaluate his/her ways of teaching
and identify the difficulties and hindrance to enhance their academic performance
Mastery” with the mean rating of 3.41. Both the statement “The course improved my
understanding of concepts in the field.” and “The course was valuable to me.” have
perceived by the students. But the statement “The assignment were appropriate in
amount and level.” has a weighted mean of 3.32 with a description of “Attained Mastery”,
is ranked as 6th, as perceived by the students. This shows that the teachers were
competent enough in fully utilize the learning materials that they greatly benefit from them.
These will greatly improve the learning capacity and increased self esteem of the
students. The teachers should assess if the assignment they give is appropriate or not or
it is helpful for the students. The teachers maybe have a difficulty in choosing the right
assignment.
Overall Characteristic. It is label as “Attained Mastery” with the mean rating of 3.48. The
statement “The instructor was self-confident..” has a weighted mean of 3.67 with a
by the statement “The instructor was knowledgeable about subject matter.” has a
perceived by the students. but the statement “The instructor was enthusiastic about online
ranked as 25th, as perceived by the students. This shows that the teachers were
confidence of the teacher. On the other hand, the teachers should improve on choosing
The following tables show the relationship between the profile of the respondents and
level of competency of the Grade 12-GAS students’ in Dr. Cecilio Putong National High
School Teachers.
Table 4
Relationship between Age and Interpersonal Characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
86.49383 19.53086 6.975309
16 90 16 7 113
0.142129 0.638323 0.000087
37.50617 8.469136 3.024691
17 and
34 12 3 49
18
0.327766 1.472051 0.000201562
Total 124 28 10 162
X2= 2.58055793909261
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 4 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 2.5806 between age and interpersonal
characteristic is less than the critical value 5.9915 at degree of freedom 2 and level of
significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no relationship
between age and interpersonal characteristic of the respondents. This means that the
teacher will get the same scores regardless on how young or old the students who assess
Table 5
Relationship between Age of the Respondents and Pedagogical Characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
90.67901 15.34568 6.975309
16 97 9 7 113
0.440619 2.624038 0.000087
39.32099 6.654321 3.024691
17 and
33 13 3 49
18
1.016121 6.051353 0.000202
Total 130 22 10 162
X2= 10.132419287413
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Reject the Null Hypothesis
Table 5 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 10.1324 between age and pedagogical
characteristic is greater than the critical value 5.991465 at degree of freedom 2 and level
of significance 0.05. Thus, Rejecting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is relationship
between age and pedagogical characteristic. This means that older the student are, more
Table 6
Relationship between Age and Course Content characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly Competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
80.21605 23.71605 9.067901
16 88 15 10 113
0.755334 3.203296 0.095811378
34.78395 10.28395 3.932099
17 and
27 19 3 49
18
1.741892 7.387192 0.220952769
Total 115 34 13 162
X2= 13.4044774461121
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Reject the Null Hypothesis
Table 6 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 13.4045 between age and course content
characteristic is greater than the critical value 5.9915 at degree of freedom 2 and level of
significance 0.05. Thus, Rejecting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is a relationship
between age and course content characteristic of the respondents. This means that older
the respondent is, the more likely the student feels difficult, especially on homework. The
teacher should look for appropriate learning materials design for older ones.
Table 7
Relationship between Age and Overall Competency
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
88.58642 18.1358 6.277778
16 95 11 7 113
0.464338 2.807688 0.083087512
38.41358 7.864198 2.722222
17 and
32 15 2 49
18
1.07082 6.474873 0.191609977
Total 127 26 9 162
X2= 11.0924153541393
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Reject the Null Hypothesis
Table 7 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 11.0924 between age and overall
characteristics is greater than the critical value 5.991465 at degree of freedom 2 and level
of significance 0.05. Thus, Rejecting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is relationship
between age and overall characteristics of the respondents. It shows that the older the
student, the more difficulty the student face. The teacher should assess the learning
Table 8
Relationship between Sex and Interpersonal Characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
33.67901 7.604938 2.716049
Male 31 10 3 44
0.213103 0.754289 0.029685746
90.32099 20.39506 7.283951
Female 93 18 7 118
0.079462 0.28126 0.011069261
Total 124 28 10 162
X2= 1.3688696896324
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 8 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 1.3689 between sex and interpersonal
characteristic is less than the critical value 5.9915 at degree of freedom 2 and level of
significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no relationship
between sex and interpersonal characteristic of the respondents. This means that both
Table 9
Relationship between Sex and Pedagogical Characteristic
of Grade 4 students
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
35.03704 6.246914 2.716049
Male 32 9 3 44
0.263253 1.213317 0.029686
93.96296 16.75309 7.283951
Female 97 14 7 118
0.098162 0.452423 0.011069
Total 129 23 10 162
2
X = 2.0679096408724
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 9 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 2.06791 between sex and pedagogical
characteristic is less than the critical value 5.991465 at degree of freedom 2 and level of
significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no relationship
between sex and pedagogical characteristic of the respondents. This means that the
students, both male and female, have same assessment in terms of pedagogical
characteristics.
Table 10
Relationship between Sex and Course Content characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
31.23457 9.234568 3.530864
Male 28 14 2 44
0.334963 2.459167 0.66373133
83.76543 24.76543 9.469136
Female 87 20 11 118
0.124902 0.916977 0.247493038
Total 115 34 13 162
2
X = 4.7472333379915
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 10 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 4.7472 between sex and course content
characteristic is less than the critical value 5.9915 at degree of freedom 2 and level of
significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no relationship
between sex and course content characteristic of the respondents. This means that both
Table 11
Relationship between Sex and Overall Competency
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
34.49383 7.061728 2.444444
Male 32 9 3 44
0.180298 0.532008 0.126262626
92.50617 18.93827 6.555556
Female 95 17 6 118
0.06723 0.198376 0.047080979
Total 127 26 9 162
X2= 1.15125562413031
Critical Value at df= 2 and 0.05 level of significance: 5.99146454710798
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 11 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 1.1513 between sex and overall
characteristics is less than the critical value 5.991465 at degree of freedom 2 and level of
significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no relationship
between sex and overall characteristics of the respondents. This means that the both sex
The following tables show the relationship between gender perspectives and level of
competency among the teachers from Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School.
Table 12
Relationship between Gender Perspectives and Interpersonal Characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent, Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
47.45679 14.54320988
Female-
51 11 62
Female`
0.264542 0.863243832
42.8642 13.13580247
Female- Male 42 14 56
0.017423 0.056855101
16.83951 5.160493827
Male-Female 17 5 22
0.00153 0.004991435
16.83951 5.160493827
Male-Male 14 8 22
0.478802 1.562407703
Total 124 38 162
X2=3.24979586654651
Critical Value at df= 3 and 0.05 level of significance: 7.81472790325118
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 12 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 3.2498 between gender perspective and
interpersonal characteristic is less than the critical value 7.8147 at degree of freedom 3
and level of significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no
relationship between gender perspective and interpersonal characteristic This shows that
all gender perspective have same assessment on the teacher in terms interpersonal
characteristics. This means that the student will assess the teacher in interpersonal
Table 13
Relationship between Gender Perspectives and Pedagogical Characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent, Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
49.37037 12.62962963
Female-
55 7 62
Female`
0.641938 2.509395026
44.59259 11.40740741
Female- Male 42 14 56
0.150732 0.589225589
17.51852 4.481481481
Male-Female 16 6 22
0.131626 0.514539333
17.51852 4.481481481
Male-Male 16 6 22
0.131626 0.514539333
Total 129 33 162
X2=5.18362235186896
Critical Value at df= 3 and 0.05 level of significance: 7.81472790325118
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 13 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 5.1836 between gender perspective and
pedagogical characteristic is less than the critical value 7.81473 at degree of freedom 3
and level of significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no
relationship between gender perspective and pedagogical characteristic. This means that
the student assess the teacher, regardless of his/her sex in terms of pedagogical
characteristics.
Table 14
Relationship between Gender Perspectives and Course Content characteristic
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent, Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
44.01235 17.98765432
Female-
49 13 62
Female`
0.565221 1.382987197
39.75309 16.24691358
Female- Male 38 18 56
0.07731 0.18916282
15.61728 6.382716049
Male-Female 15 7 22
0.024399 0.059698641
15.61728 6.382716049
Male-Male 13 9 22
0.438628 1.073238293
Total 115 47 162
X2=3.81064422730741
Critical Value at df= 3 and 0.05 level of significance: 7.81472790325118
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 14 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 3.8106 between gender perspective and
course content characteristic is greater than the critical value 7.81473 at degree of
freedom 3 and level of significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore,
This shows that the students have same assessment regardless of the sex of the teacher
Table 15
Relationship between Gender Perspectives and Overall Competency
N=162
Attained Mastery Highly competent, Fairly competent and Need Improvement Total
48.60494 13.39506173
Female-
54 8 62
Female`
0.598842 2.172941913
43.90123 12.09876543
Female- Male 41 15 56
0.19173 0.695704208
17.24691 4.75308642
Male-Female 17 5 22
0.003535 0.012826679
17.24691 4.75308642
Male-Male 15 7 22
0.292726 1.062177329
Total 127 35 162
X2=5.03048284129963
Critical Value at df= 3 and 0.05 level of significance: 7.81472790325118
Decision: Accept the Null Hypothesis
Table 15 shows that the chi-square test χ2= 5.0305 between gender perspective and
overall characteristic is less than the critical value 7.8147 at degree of freedom 3 and
level of significance 0.05. Thus, Accepting the null hypothesis. Therefore, there is no
relationship between gender perspective and overall characteristic. This means that in
overall competency, the student assess the teacher fairly, regardless of his/her sex. This
of the Grade 12-GAS students to the teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong National High
School.
Table 16
Female Male
N 62 56
df 61 55
mean 3.57 3.46
SS 24.1 17.38
s 2 0.4 0.32
s2p: 0.36
2
s M1: 0.01
2
s M2: 0.01
t-test: 1.00129
Table 16 shows the difference between the gender perspectives from female
respondents. The computed t= 1.00129 was lesser than its critical value of 1.9806
interpreted as insignificant. Therefore the null hypothesis was accepted. This implies that
terms of sex.
Table 17
Male Female
N 22 22
df 21 21
mean 3.45 3.34
SS 3.21 9.45
s 2 0.15 0.45
s2p: 0.3
2
s M1: 0.01
s2M2: 0.01
t-test: 0.67013
Table 17 shows the difference between the gender perspectives from male respondents. The
computed t= 0.67013 was lesser than its critical value of 2.0181 interpreted as insignificant.
Therefore the null hypothesis was accepted. This implies that there is no significant difference
between the gender perspectives from male respondents. This implies that the male
Weiler, K. (1988). Women teaching for change: Gender, class & power. Greenwood
Risberg,G., Johansson, E.E., & Hamberg, K. (2009). A theoretical model for analyzing
gender bias in medicine. International journal for equity in health, 8(1), 28.
APPENDICES
UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL
Graduate School and Professional Studies
City of Tagbilaran
We, the Advance Methods of Research students of the Graduate School and
Professional Studies, University of Bohol, currently doing our thesis entitled: “Gender Bias
of Grade 12-GAS Senior High Students and Teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong National High
School in Relation to Teaching Effectiveness”.
In connection with this, we would like to ask your permission to gather data from
our respondents who are Grade 12 senior high students from Dr. Cecilio Putong National
High School. If ever granted, we will conduct the data gathering on the preferred time
schedule.
Respectfully yours,
Recommending Approval:
UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL
Graduate School and Professional Studies
City of Tagbilaran
Madam:
We, the Advance Methods of Research students of the Graduate School and
Professional Studies, University of Bohol, are conducting a research study entitled
“Gender Bias of Grade 12-GAS Senior High Students and Teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong
National High School in Relation to Teaching Effectiveness”.
Respectfully yours,
Recommending Approval:
Approve by:
Madam:
We, the Advance Methods of Research students of the Graduate School and
Professional Studies, University of Bohol, are conducting a research study entitled
“Gender Bias of Grade 12-GAS Senior High Students and Teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong
National High School in Relation to Teaching Effectiveness”.
With the aim in view of obtaining reliable data, the undersigned respectfully request
permission to distribute a questionnaire to the whole Grade 12-GAS Senior High Students
and Teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School as our respondents.
The researcher promised to respect the ethics in research conducting the data
gathering, treatment of the data and its finding, particularly in the confidentiality of the
respondents’ identity.
Recommending Approval:
Approved by:
MR, JUSTINO CANDA
Principal, Dr. Cecilio Putong National High School
UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL
Graduate School and Professional Studies
City of Tagbilaran
Dear Parents/Guardians:
Good day!
We, the Advance Methods of Research students of the Graduate School and
Professional Studies, University of Bohol, are conducting a research study entitled
“Gender Bias of Grade 12-GAS Senior High Students and Teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong
National High School in Relation to Teaching Effectiveness”.
Your child’s participation in this research will be treated confidentially and all
information will be kept anonymously. Your child’s performance result will be not shared
with school staff. However, information based on the results of the participants will be
provided. Only students in Grade 12-GAS who have parental permission, and who
themselves agree to participate, will be involved in the study. Also, students or parents
may withdraw their permission at any time during the study without penalty by indicating
this decision to the researcher. There are no known anticipated risks to participation in
this study.
We would like to assure you that this study has been reviewed and approved by
the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Bohol. In addition, it has the support
of the Dean of our University as well as the principal at your student’s school. However,
the final decision about the participation is yours. If you have any concerns or comments
regarding from your child’s participation in this study, please call or text this no.
09480925462 or email us at mr22isulat@gmail.com .
We really appreciate it if you would allow your child to participate in this study, as
we believe it will contribute more knowledge to your child about how their habit of watching
television programs can affect their academic performance. Please complete the attached
permission form, either you give permission or not for your child to participate.
If you have any question about the study, or if you would like to have additional
information to assist you in reaching a decision, please feel free to contact at
mr22isulat@gmail.com.Thank you in advance for your interest and support in this study
Respectfully yours,
Dear Respondents/Participants:
Good day!
We, the Advance Methods of Research students of the Graduate School and
Professional Studies, University of Bohol, are conducting a research study entitled
“Gender Bias of Grade 12 Senior High Students and Teachers in Dr. Cecilio Putong
National High School in Relation to Teaching Effectiveness”.
Your child’s participation in this research will be treated confidentially and all
information will be kept anonymously. Your performance result will not be shared with
school staff. However, information based on your results will be provided. Only you
student in Grade 12-GAS who have parental permission, and who agree to participate,
will be involved in the study. Also, students or parents may withdraw their permission at
any time during the study without penalty by indicating this decision to the researcher.
There are no known anticipated risks to participation in this study.
We would like to assure you that this study has been reviewed and approved by
the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Bohol. In addition, it has the support
of the Dean of our University as well as the principal at your student’s school. However,
the final decision about the participation is yours. If you have any concerns or comments
regarding from your participation in this study, please call or text this no. 09480925462 or
email us at mr22isulat@gmail.com.
We really appreciate it if you would allow to participate in this study, as we believe
it will contribute more knowledge to you about how you can evaluate effectiveness of your
teachers based on your gender perspectives. Please complete the attached permission
form, either you give permission or not to participate.
If you have any question about the study, or if you would like to have additional
information to assist you in reaching a decision, please feel free to contact at
mr22isulat@gmail.com.Thank you in advance for your interest and support in this study.
THE RESEARCHERS
______________________________________________________________________
I have read this information (or had the information read to me). I have had my questions
answered and know that I can ask questions later if I have them. I agree to take part in
the research.
Date ___________________________
Date: ___________________________
Informed Consent Form
UNIVERSITY OF BOHOL
Maayong adlaw!
Tumong niining pagtu-on, ang pagpangalap ug datos kon impormasyon aron mapalambo
ug matabangan kamo labi na sa pag-analisar sa gender bias kalabot sa pagkaepektibo
sa pagtudlo.
-nga ang tanang impormasyon nga makuha niini mahimong pribado lamang ug dili
isapubliko.
-nga makadawat ka og kasayuran mahitungod sa mga resulta human nga makuha ang
gikinahanglang impormasyon bahin niini nga research.
Manghinaot kami sa inyong positibong pagsanong niining among gihimo nga gimbuhaton.
Daghang salamat.
Respondent’s
Maayong adlaw!
Tumong niining pagtu-on, ang pagpangalap ug datos kon impormasyon aron mapalambo
ug matabangan kamo labi na sa pag-analisar sa gender bias kalabot sa pagkaepektibo
sa pagtudlo.
-nga ang tanang impormasyon nga makuha niini mahimong pribado lamang ug dili
isapubliko.
-nga makadawat ka og kasayuran mahitungod sa mga resulta human nga makuha ang
gikinahanglang impormasyon bahin niini nga research.
Manghinaot kami sa inyong positibong pagsanong niining among gihimo nga gimbuhaton.
Daghang salamat.
Respondent’s
I. Direction: Evaluate and rate the teacher according to this measures. Kindly put a check
mark in the blank that corresponds to your level of satisfaction. Use the following scales
to guide you:
4 Strongly Agree (indicates to which you feel the item best
describe your teacher)
3 Agree (indicates to which you feel the item describe your
teacher)
2 Disagree (indicates to which you feel the item does not
describe your teacher)
1 Strongly Disagree (indicates to which you feel the item does
not really describe your teacher at all)
1 2 3 4
A. INTERPERSONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
The instructor was enthusiastic
about online teaching.
The instructor created a
comfortable learning atmosphere.
The instructor adapted to student
needs.
The instructor was tolerant of
others’ ideas and views.
The instructor was genuinely
respectful of students.
The instructor was warm and
friendly.
The instructor had a good sense of
humor.
The instructor motivated students to
their best.
The instructor genuinely enjoyed
teaching.
The instructor was concerned about
student learning.
The instructor was accessible
outside of class.
B. PEDAGOGICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
The instructor was knowledgeable
about subject matter.
The instructor communicated
effectively.
The instructor was well prepared for
each class.
The instructor was self-confident.
The instructor was able to explain
material clearly.
The instructor identify important
ideas.
The instructor use good examples
to explain concepts.
The course was well organized.
C. COURSE CONTENT
CHARACTERISTICS
The assignment were appropriate in
amount and level.
Evaluation methods were
appropriate.
The course increase by interest in
the subject matter.
The course material (text, readings,
etc.) were worthwhile.
The course improved my
understanding of concepts in the
field.
The course was valuable to me.