Central Vista

At the 1911-12 Durbar (a grand assembly), to mark the coronation of King George V, the
announcement was made that the capital of India was to be shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.
There were many reasons behind this decision. Calcutta had become difficult to rule from,
with the partition of Bengal and the growing antipathy towards foreign rule amongst Bengal’s
educated and conscious elite. Delhi had been, for centuries, a major centre of power. Ever
since Shahjahan had shifted the Mughal capital from Agra to Delhi, Delhi had remained,
uninterrupted, the seat of the Mughals. It was time to recognize the importance of Delhi all
over again. The solution was to give Bengal the same status as the other Presidencies
(Bombay and Madras), and to move the capital to a neutral location, Delhi.

King George laid the foundation stone of the new city at the grounds where the Durbar had
been held (present day Coronation Park).The area was later vetoed as a site for the city,
because the ground proved too susceptible to waterlogging. In the meantime, though, Lord
Crewe of the India Office in London, after many deliberations, decided on two architects to
design New Delhi, Edwin Landseer Lutyens and Herbert baker .

Lutyens’ vision was to plan a city on lines similar to other great capitals of the
world: Paris, Rome, and Washington DC. Broad, long avenues flanked by
sprawling lawns, with impressive monuments punctuating the avenue, and the
symbolic seat of power at the end— this was what Lutyens aimed for, and he found
the perfect geographical location in the low Raisina Hill, west of Dinpanah (Purana
Qila). Lutyens noticed that a straight line could connect Raisina Hill to Purana Qila
(thus, symbolically, connecting the old with the new). This hill, therefore, became
the focus of Lutyens’ and Baker’s plans for the new city.

New Delhi was developed on a geometric design —mainly the use of hexagons
and triangles—and had, as its core, the central vista . As per the plans, atop
Raisina Hill would stand the Government House (today, Rashtrapati Bhavan).
Below it would be the main offices of the government, the Secretariat (this relative
location had to be changed later, as you will see). From Government House, a long
wide avenue— King’s Way (Rajpath) would sweep down the hill and away into the
distance, in the direction of Purana Qila . Midway would be a grand memorial arch
, à la Paris’s Arc du Triomphe (today, this arch is India
Gate). On either side, connected by straight roads at precise angles to King’s Way,
would be other government and public buildings, all impressive proofs of British
imperial authority.
 Rajpath is called king’s way in honour of the Emperor of India George V , who had visited Delhi during the Durbar of
1911, and where the Emperor formally proclaimed the decision to move the capital. The name was similar to Kingsway
in London , which had been opened in 1905, and which was also a custom-built arterial road, and which had been
named in honour of George V's father, Edward VII (as King of the United Kingdom ).

What emerged from years of work is today acknowledged as one of the most impressive imperial cities to have ever
been built. But the Viceroy, Lord Hardinge, wanted Indian architectural elements included (it was also a matter of
politics – the Indian national movement was growing stronger, and it was important to appease the populace).
Hardinge’s advisor on the city’s design, Henry Lanchester, also played an important part in suggesting ways to connect
the new city with the old – for instance, by integrating old structures (Jantar Mantar and Agrasen ki Baoli in Connaught
Place are prominent examples) into the fabric of New Delhi.

When Lutyens and Baker began work on designing New Delhi, in February 1921, a ‘Chamber of Princes’ was inaugurated, the aim of its 120 members to advise the Viceroy on matters
that affected the princely states. A direct consequence of this event was the need to provide space for the princes in the new city: space to house princes coming to attend the
Chamber’s meetings, but also space to symbolize their participation in the government. As a result Princes’ Park , an area surrounding present-day India Gate was built on which some
of the most powerful princes of Hyderabad, Baroda, Bikaner, Patiala, and Jaipur were allotted about 8 acres of land each to build palaces forming a ring around the capoy on King’s way.
Other princes, including those of Jaisalmer, Travancore, Dholpur, and Faridkot were given lots further out along the roads radiating from the central hexagon.

Hyderabad House Baroda House

(Now Govt. Building for used for important government events such as (Now-HQ of the Northern Railway) National Stadium
press conferences, banquets, and meetings with visiting foreign (Now Dhyan Chand National Stadium)
dignitaries.

Bikaner House Patiala House Jaipur House

(Now office of Rajasthan Tourism) (Now district court of Delhi) (Now National Gallery of Modern Art)
New Delhi