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Introduction
Indonesia is the second largest plastic waste producing country in
the world after China (McKinsey, 2019). Indonesia produce around
25.000 tons plastic waste every day. The majority of it comes from
Jakarta, with the amount of 1.900 to 2.400 tons every day, making
Jakarta as the second largest plastic waste producing city in Indonesia
(Jakarta Environment Agency, 2018). And from that large amount of
plastic waste, at least 20 percent end up in rivers and coastal waters.
The abundance of plastic waste in our environment, whether in waters
or buried in the ground, is very concerning because plastic needs 20 to
1.000 years to decompose perfectly and produces potentially toxic
substances into the soil and water (UN, 2018). This is really dangerous
because the toxic substance it releases into the soil can enter the food
chain, affecting humans and animals. Where in the water, these
plastics can be swallowed by the fish and affecting its health because
their body can not digest plastic.
If we let this phenomenon continue, plastic waste will bring a good
damage to our lives. One of the ways to overcome this problem is to
recycle plastic waste. Recycling will turn these plastic waste into
something useful again, and reducing waste in the environment. Plastic
recycling in Jakarta usually happen in a place called “Bank Sampah”.
Bank Sampah is a place where citizen can bring their plastic waste
which has been sorted out from other type of waste, then they
“deposit” those waste and they can get money from it. Bank Sampah
then manage those plastic waste by making a handcrafted goods from
plastic, or send it to the collectors company. There are 1.400 Bank
Sampah in Jakarta (DLH Jakarta, 2019). Even though this may seem a
lot and the mechanism is also simple, but it is really nothing compared
to the total population of Jakarta which is approximately 10,5 million
people (BPS, 2019). This is proven by the plastic recycle percentage in
Jakarta which only reach 24% from the total plastic produced in
Jakarta, leaving 76% plastic waste littering the environment (Putri,
2018). Based on the same study conducted by Putri (2018), plastic
waste that cannot be recycled, called plastic residue, is caused by
contamination from other materials. This is because in Jakarta Waste
Management, waste are sorted only at waste banks, which may be too
late for plastics to be recovered because it has been contaminated for
too long throughout the transport from source to waste banks.
From here, we figure that waste sorting will be a great solution to
solve this problem. Waste sorting is the process by which waste is
separated into different elements, such as domestic waste, chemical
waste, plastic waste, etc. This way, plastics will not be contaminated
by other waste and the amount of plastic waste recovery will increase
and thus will increase the plastic recycle percentage as well.
Waste sorting also shouldn’t be done only in Bank Sampah or at
the waste bank because for a waste that much, the cost will be high
too. Fajar, secretary of Asosiasi Industri Aromatika, Olefin, dan Plastik
(2019) said that sorting waste cost 50 percent from the whole recycle
cost. He said it will be more economic if the waste is sorted from the
source. The primary source of which waste is produced a lot is
households. That’s why in Pilah Pilih program, we intend to build a
more environmentally-friendly households by providing the
information and material people need to sort their own waste. Because
Jakarta is not a small city, we’ll apply this program per region one by
one, starting with Jakarta Timur, which donate the most waste to TPST
Bantargebang in 2018. Hopefully if this program is successful, this
program will be applied all around Jakarta and also increase people’s
awareness of the importance of waste sorting that they’ll do it even
outside of their houses.
II. Body
Untuk mengurangi permasalahan sampah plastic yang mencemari
lingkungan ini, kami menawarkan program “Pilah Pilih: Pilah
Sampahmu, Indah Lingkunganmu”. Program ini memilih rumah
tangga sebagai target utamanya dan tukang sampah sebagai pendukung
berjalannya program ini. Seperti yang sudah disebutkan di
Introduction, proses pemilahan sampah yang dilakukan dari
sumbernya, dalam hal ini rumah tangga, akan membuat proses
pemisahan sampah lebih efektif sehingga dapat meningkatkan jumlah
plastic yang dapat didaur ulang. Secara garis besar yang akan kami
lakukan adalah mendaur ulang plastic dan membuatnya menjadi
handcrafted tempat sampah dengan dua lubang. Tempat sampah
dengan dua lubang ini dimaksudkan untuk memisahkan sampah plastic
dan sampah selain plastic. Nantinya tempat sampah ini akan diberikan
secara gratis ke rumah-rumah warga agar warga mendapatkan
kemudahan dalam memilah sampahnya sendiri. Hal ini dikarenakan
tidak semua rumah tangga memiliki tempat sampah yang dapat
memisahkan jenis-jenis sampah. Dengan dibagikannya tempat sampah
ini secara gratis, diharapkan masyarakat akan lebih terdorong untuk
berpartisipasi dalam memilah sampahnya.
Seperti yang telah disebutkan sebelumnya, program ini akan
dicoba dipraktikkan pada Kota Jakarta Timur terlebih dahulu. Jakarta
Timur terdiri dari 10 kecamatan dengan total 591.107 kepala keluarga
(Administrasi Jakarta Timur, 2019). Maka total tempat sampah yang
harus dibuat untuk program ini juga sekitar 591.107 buah. Karena
tempat sampah yang hendak disediakan adalah handcrafted, jumlah ini
tentunya terlalu banyak untuk dibuat dalam satu waktu. Maka kami
akan membagi program ini menjadi 3 tahap dimana tiap tahapnya
berlangsung selama 4 bulan dengan tujuan 3 atau 4 kecamatan di tiap
tahapnya. Pada jangka waktu 4 bulan inilah kami akan melakukan
proses pembuatan tempat sampah, distribusi dan sosialisasi ke warga
kecamatan yang ditentukan, serta pengkontrolan perubahan jumlah
sampah plastic yang disetor ke Bank Sampah.
Gambar 1.
Gambaran bentuk tempat sampah yang nantinya akan
ditambahkan 1 lubang dan tidak menggunakan gagang
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