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Projectfinancing 12873395641108 Phpapp02 PDF
Projectfinancing 12873395641108 Phpapp02 PDF
Projectfinancing 12873395641108 Phpapp02 PDF
Objectives
To understand what project financing is
and what steps are involved in securing and
managing it.
Part – 1
Introduction
For whom is it important to understand project financing?
Why is it important to understand project financing?
What is a project?
Types of projects.
What is project financing?
Key characteristics of project financing.
Advantages of project financing.
Disadvantages of project financing.
Introduction – For whom is it important to
understand project finance?
Financial managers
Sponsors
Lenders
Consultants and practitioners
Project managers
Builders
Suppliers
Engineers.
Researchers
Students.
Introduction – Why is it important to
understand project finance?
The people involved in a project are used to find financing deal
for major construction projects such as mining, transportation
and public utility industries, that may result such risks and
compensation for repayment of loan, insurance and assets in
process. That’s why they need to learn about project finance in
order to manage project cash flow for ensuring profits so it can
be distributed among multiple parties, such as investors,
lenders and other parties.
Introduction – What is a Project?
A Project is normally a long-term infrastructure, industrial or
public services scheme, development or undertaking having:
large size.
Intensive capital requirement – Capital Intensive.
finite and long Life.
few diversification opportunities i.e. assets specific.
Stand alone entity.
high operating margins.
Significant free cash flows.
Identification of market
Product of the project
Users of the product
Marketability of the product
Marketing Plan
Stages in Project Financing – Risk
Identification and Minimizing.
Risk Solution
Completion Risk Contractual guarantees from contractors,
manufacturer, selecting vendors of
Price Risk repute.
hedging
Resource Risk Keeping adequate cushion in assessment.
Operating Risk Making provisions, insurance.
Environmental Risk Insurance
Technology Risk Expert evaluation and retention accounts.
Interest Rate Risk Swaps and Hedging
Insolvency Risk Credit Strength of Sponsor, Competence
of management, good corporate
Stages in Project Financing – Risk
Identification and Minimizing.
Currency Risk Hedging
Political and • Externalizing the project company by forming
Sovereign Risk it abroad or using external law or jurisdiction
• External accounts for proceeds
• Political risk insurance (Expensive)
• Export Credit Guarantees
• Contractual sharing of political risk between
lenders and external project sponsors
• Government or regulatory undertaking to
cover policies on taxes, royalties, prices,
monopolies, etc
• External guarantees or quasi guarantees
Stages in Project Financing – Technical
and Financial Feasibility.
Technical feasibility
Location
Design
Equipment
Operations / Processes.
Financial feasibility
Business plan / model
Projected financial statements with assumptions
Financing structure
Pay-back, IRR, NPV etc.
Stages in Project Financing – Equity
arrangement.
Sponsors
Lead sponsors
Co – sponsors
Syndication
Lead arranger.
Co-arrangers.
Negotiation
Pricing.
Documentation.
Disbursement.
Stages in Project Financing –
Documentation.
Commitment letters / MOUs
Commitment letters from sponsors and investors
MOU signing with financiers.
Documents
Offer Letters
Lending agreements
Security documents
Disbursement plan
Contracts
Management/shareholder agency relationship
Inter corporate agency relationship
Government/corporate agency relationship
Bondholder stockholder relationship
Stages in Project Financing –
Disbursement.
Equity Disbursement
Shares application.
Shares proceeds.
Share certificates.
Loan Disbursement
Sponsor loans
Advance payments
Progress Payment
Stages in Project Financing – Monitoring
and Review
Why?
Project is running on schedule
Project is running within planned costs.
Project is receiving adequate costs.
How?
First hand information.
Project completion status reports.
Project schedule chart.
Project financial status report.
Project summary report.
Informal reports.
Stages in Project Financing – Financial
Closure / Project Closure
Financial closure is the process of completing all project-related
financial transactions, finalizing and closing the project financial
accounts, disposing of project assets and releasing the work site.
Monitoring?
Appointment of directors and managers.
Management meetings.
Board meetings.
Part – 3
Conclusion.
A typical project financing structure.
Highlights of project financing structure.
Conclusion – A Typical Project Finance
Structure.
Conclusion – Highlights of Project
Financing Structure.
Independent, single purpose company formed to build and
operate the project.
Extensive contracting
As many as 15 parties in up to 1000 contracts.
Contracts govern inputs, off take, construction and
operation.
Government contracts/concessions: one off or operate-
transfer.
Ancillary contracts include financial hedges, insurance for
Force Majeure, etc.
Conclusion – Highlights of Project
Financing Structure.
Highly concentrated equity and debt ownership
One to three equity sponsors.
Syndicate of banks and/or financial institutions provide
credit.
Governing Board comprised of mainly affiliated directors
from sponsoring firms.
Extremely high debt levels
Mean debt of 70% and as high as nearly 100%.
Balance of capital provided by sponsors in the form of
equity or quasi equity (subordinated debt).
Debt is non-recourse to the sponsors.
Debt service depends exclusively on project revenues.
Has higher spreads than corporate debt.
Thank You.