_hmamîQ´ amÁ`mÀ`m {ejU g§ M mcZmc`mÀ`m

H« . CnwC/2005-06/40012/17/g. nwñVH
{X. 27 gßQ |~a, 2005 AÝd`o "CÎm_ nwñVH '
åhUyZ {e\ mag H aÊ`mV Amcocm XO}Xma g§X^© –

B§{S `m {gÝg B§{S n|S Ýg

Jwéd`© Sm°. {~nZ M§Ð
`m§ Z m
ñZohmXanyd©H

– ìhr. Eg. jragmJa

(K'Sagar)
 Published By
Sau. Shobhadevi Kshirsagar
K’Sagar Publications
‘Suvarna Shilpa’, 444/1 Shaniwar Peth,
Adjacent to Rajmachikar Flour Mill,
Near Dakshinabhimukhi Maruti Temple, Pune - 411 030
: 24450125, 24455435 Fax : 91-020-24453065
Email : customer@ksagar.com
sales@ksagar.com
website : www.ksagar.com
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Copy-rights of Marathi Version
K’Sagar Publications, Pune : 2004
Seventeenth Edition : 2020
ISBN 978-81-927789-4-5
The name K'Sagar is registered
under the trade marks Act, 1999
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Printed at
A. R. Printers
Paper Galli, Near Kanyashala,
Narayan Peth, Pune.
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Typesetting
K'Sagar Publications, Pune
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Cover Design
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Price : 495/-
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Due care has been taken to ensure that the information provided in this book is correct. However, the authors
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and the publishers bear no responsibility for any damage resulting from any inadvertent omission or inaccuracy
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in the book.
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 AmXaUr` {~nZ M§ÐOr `m§Mm OÝ_ {h_mMc àXoe_Yrc H m§J«m `oWo
Pmcm. Ë`m§Mo {ejU cmhmoa_Yrc "\ m°_©Z {¼íMZ H m°coO' Am{U
A_o[aHo Vrc H° {c\ mo{Z©`m_Yrc "ñQ°Z²\ S© {dÚmnrRm'V Pmco. Zdr
{XëcrVrc Odmhacmc Zohê {dÚmnrRmV Vo "_m°S Z© {hñQ´ r' {df`mMo
àmÜ`mnH hmoVo Am{U Vo AmVm `mM {dÚmnrRmV "àmo\o ga E_o[aQg²' ho
gÝ_mZZr` nX ^yfdrV AmhoV. àm. M§Ð `m§Zr AmYw{ZH ^maVmVrc
amîQ´ dmX, dgmhVdmX Am{U OmVr`dmX `m {df`m§da AZoH nwñVHo
{c{hcr AmhoV.
àm. _¥Xwcm _wIOu `m§Mo {ejU Zdr {XëcrVrc coS r lram_ H m°coO
Am{U Odmhacmc Zohê {dÚmnrRmV Pmco. gÜ`m Ë`m `mM {dÚmnrRmVrc
"g|Q a \ m°a {hñQm°[aH c ñQSrO²' `m {d^mJmV "_m°S Z© B§{S`Z {hñQ´ r' `m
{df`mÀ`m àmÜ`m{nH m AmhoV. H¥ {f-B{Vhmg, eoVH ar Am§XmocZ VgoM
amîQ´ r` Midi `m {df`m§~Ôc Ë`m§Zm {deof AmñWm dmQVo.
àm. Am{XË` _wIOu `m§Mo {ejU {XëcrVrc g|Q ñQr\ Ýg² H m°coO
Am{U Odmhacmc Zohê {dÚmnrRmV Pmco. Vohr `mM {dÚmnrRmVrc "{X
{hñQm°[aH c ñQSrO²' H| ÐmV "g_H mcrZ ^maVr` B{Vhmgm'Mo AÜ`mnZ
H aVmV. Ë`m§À`m g§emoYZH m`m©Mo {df` "_m°S Z© {~{PZog {hñQ´ r',
"H° {nQ°{cñQ Soìhcn²_|Q ' (^m§S dcemhrMm {dH mg) VgoM "g_H mcrZ
AW©ì`dñWm Am{U amOH maU' ho AmhoV.
 AmXaUr` Sm°. {~nZ M§Ð. Am§VaamîQ— r` »`mVrMo B{Vhmg-g§emoYH . ‘India After Independence’ hm
Ë`m§À`m d Ë`m§À`m ghH mè`m§À`m coIUrVyZ gmH macocm J«§W. hm J«§W {~nZ M§Ð gam§Zr d Ë`m§À`m {dÛmZ
ghH mè`m§Zr AmVm ‘India Since Independence’ `m ZmdmZo A{YH ì`mnH d {dñV¥V ñdê nmV Amnë`m
hmVr gmon{dcocm. `m Zì`m Amd¥ÎmrV OdiOdi 2007 n`ªVÀ`m H mcI§S mMm; Ë`m H mimVrc Am{W©H -
gwYmaUm§Mm d amOH s`, gm_m{OH Am{U gm§ñH¥ {VH A§Jm§Mm doY KoVcocm. `mVrc kmZd¡^d nmhÿZ ZV_ñVH
ìhmd§! IaoVa `m J«W§ mMm Aä`mg H aVmZm Sm°. {~nZ M§Ðm§_Yrc Am{U EHy UM coIH -Ì`t_Yrc {M{H ËgH
B{Vhmg-g§emoYH , ì`mg§Jr-{dMmad§V, {dícofH -AW©emñÌk Am{U amOH maUmMo Aä`mgH AmnUmg nmZmonmZr
^oQ VmV. ì`mg§Jr àkoÀ`m n[aUV Am{dîH mamZo AmnU _mohÿZ OmVmo.
àñVwVMm J«§W hm CnamoŠV _yi B§J«Or J«§WmMm _amRr AZwdmX. _hmamîQ— r` {dÚmÏ`mªZm _m`~mocrÀ`m
nXamImcr ho kmZm_¥V MmIVm `md§, hr Ë`m_mJrc ^mdZm!
Sm°. {~nZ M§Ð Am{U Ë`m§À`m {VVŠ`mM Aä`mgy Am{U ì`mg§Jr ghH mè`m§Zr {c{hcoë`m `m J«§WmMm
AZwdmX H aUo åhUOo {edYZwî` nocÊ`mM§M H m`© ! Á`oîR g_rjH -gm{hpË`H _m. H¥ . nmaYr, B{VhmgmMo
Aä`mgy àmÜ`mnH Sm°. AéU Omoer, amÁ`emñÌmMm JmTm ì`mg§J Agcoco Ë`mM {df`mMo àmÜ`mnH ìhr. gr. \ SHo ,
_mPo ñZohr Am{U AW©emñÌmMo àmÜ`mnH E_. ~r. ZmVy hr {ejUjoÌmVrc _mVã~a _§S ir nwT o Amcr Am{U ho
H m`© AmVm {ZpíMVM nma nSoc, `mMr ImÌr nQcr.
IaoVa, nmM-ghm àH aUm§À`m AZwdmXmMr O~m~Xmar Añ_m{XH m§dahr gmon{dcr Jococr; nU ho gmao
EdTçmdaM Wm§~co Zmhr. {VKm {M{H ËgH -g§emoYH B{VhmgVÁkm§Zr doJdoJiçm e¡ctV {c{hcoë`m Am{U
nmM ì`mg§Jr coIH -àmÜ`mnH m§Zr AZwdm{XV Ho coë`m `m J«W§ amOmÀ`m g§nmXZ-g§ñH aUmMr– kmZd¥jm§darc hr
{d{dY kmZnwîno gwgÌy VoÀ`m EH mM Ym½`mV Jw\§ Ê`mMr Am{U EH mM nU gmÜ`m-gmoß`m ^mfme¡crV ho kmZ^m§S ma
{dÚm{W©{_Ìm§À`m hmVr gwnXw © H aÊ`mMr– O~m~Xmarhr Sm°. {~nZ M§Ð gam§Zr Am{U gdmªZrM AmJ«hmZo gmon{dcocr.
hr O~m~Xmar nma nmSÊ`mMm `Wm_Vr à`ËZ _r Ho cm Amho. hr O~m~Xmar nma nmSrV AgVmZmM Amdí`H VoWo
n[aÀNoXm§Zm g_n©H erf©Ho hr {Xcr AmhoV. AZwdm{XV J«§WmMo g§X^©_yë` d Cn`mo{JVm Ë`m_wio dmTmdr, hr
Anojm.
_yi B§JO
« r J§W« mV _hÎdmÀ`m {dYmZm§À`m VgoM CVmè`m§À`m n¥îQçW© g§X^©-Qrnm {Xë`m AmhoV. {dñVma-
^`mñVd _amRr AZwdmXmV Ë`m dJië`m AmhoV. {Okmgy§Zr Ë`mgmRr _yi J«§W Aä`mgmdm.
H| Ð d amÁ` cmoH godm Am`moJmMo {dÚmWu, B{Vhmg {df`mMo AÜ`mnH -àmÜ`mnH d Aä`mgy-{Okmgy
Aem gdmªZmM hm J«§W _mJ©Xe©H Ramdm, hrM _Zrfm! _ZrMr A{^cmfm!!
Amncm,
ìhr. Eg. jragmJa
(K'Sagar)
 AZwdmX H m`©
_m. H¥ . nmaYr
1. Zdo nd©
2. dgmhVdmXr amOdQrMm dmagm
3. amîQ´ r` Midi
4. amÁ`KQZoMm {dH mg
5. KQZoMr {Mao~§Xr
6. Ama§^rÀ`m ASMUr
7. amîQ´ mMr ~m§YUr
8. ^mfmdma àm§V-aMZm
9. Am{Xdmgter EoŠ`
10. àmXo{eH Vm d àmXo{eH {df_Vm

S m°. AéU Omoer

11. Amem Am{U H m`©{gÕrMm H mcI§S – 1951-64
12. naamîQ´ YmoaU– Zohê `wJ
13. Eo{Vhm{gH ÑpîQH moZmVyZ Odmhacmc Zohê
14. H m±J«og nj– 1947-64
15. 1947-64 `m H mimVrc {damoYr nj
16. emñÌtnmgyZ B§{Xam Jm§Ytn`ªV– gZ 1964-69

àm. ìhr. gr. \ SHo

22. V{_iZmSy , Am§Y« àXoe d Amgm_ `m amÁ`m§Vrc amOH maU
23. npíM_ ~§Jmc Am{U Oå_y-H mí_ra_Yrc amOH maU
24. n§Om~Mm noMàg§J
 34. ñdmV§Í`moÎma H mimVrc eoVH è`m§Mo cTo
35. OmVr`dmXmMo nwZé‚mrdZ Am{U dmT
37. OmV, Añn¥í`Vm, OmVr`Vm{damoYr amOH maU Am{U aUZrVr
38. ñdmV§Í`moÎma H mimVrc ^maVr` pñÌ`m
39. dgmhVdmXr amOdQrZ§VaMm ^maV Am{U {dH mgmMo amOZ¡{VH AW©emñÌ– EH ÑpîQjon
40. emgH s` g§ñWm§_Yrc Jm|Yi
41. Zì`m ghòH mV àdoe– H m`©{gÕr, àíZ Am{U ^{dVì`

ìhr. Eg. jragmJa (Ho 'gmJa)

17. B§{Xam Jm§Yr nd©– 1969-73
18. cmoH emhrÀ`m H gmoQ rMm H mi–O`àH mem§Mo Am§XmocZ d AmUr~mUr
19. _Ü`§VarMr OZVm njmMr amOdQ Am{U B§{XamOtMo nwZamJ_Z 1977-84
20. amOrd Jm§YtMr H maH sX©
21. ghòH mH So Ymd– 1989-99
26. ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm– 1965-91
27. 1991 nmgyZÀ`m Am{W©H gwYmaUm
28. Zì`m ghòH mVrc ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm
29. ^y-gwYmaUm (1) : dgmhVdmXmMm n[aUm_ Am{U amîQ´ r` d eoVH ar MiditMm dmagm
36. gm§àXm{`H Vm Am{U amÁ` eŠVrMm dmna

àm. _wHw§ X ZmVy

25. ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm– 1947-65
30. ^y-gwYmaUm (2) : O_rZXmar-{Z_y©cZ Am{U Hy inÕVrV gwYmaUm
31. ^y-gwYmaUm (3) : H _mc O_rZYmaUm Am{U ^yXmZ Midi
32. ^y-gwYmaUm : ghH mar Midi Am{U EHy U AmTmdm
33. eoVr{dH mg Am{U h[aV-H« m§Vr
1. Zdo nd© 15
t Zd^maVmMr C^maUr t ^m{H Vo Am{U dmñVd
t {dH mgmÀ`m g_ñ`m§da qMVZ t `WmW© AmemdmX

2. dgmhVdmXr amOdQ rMm dmagm 22

t {~«{Qe amOdQrMr MVw…gyÌr t Am{W©H _mJmgconU
t dgmhVdmXr {~«{Qe amOgÎmm
3. amîQ´ r` Midi 30
t amîQ´ r` Midi d {VZo éO{dcocr _yë`o t amîQ´ r` H m±J«ogMr cmoH emhr VÎdo
t MidirMr cmoH emhr na§nam t MidirMr Am{W©H ^y{_H m
t g_mOdmXmÀ`m {XeoZo t Y_©{ZanojVm
t {d{dYVoVrc EH mË_Vm t naamîQ´ r` YmoaU
t g_mdoeH ZoV¥Ëd d Cƒ Z¡{VH _yë`o t amîQ´ r` MidirMm dmagm

4. amÁ`KQZoMm {dH mg 40
t amÁ`KQZoÀ`m {dH mgmMr à{H« `m t KQZm-g^oMr _mJUr
t {H« ßg {_eZ t {Ì_§Ìr {eîQ_§S i
t KQZm{Z{_©Vr t g§gXr` cmoH emhrMm ñdrH ma
t àm¡T m§Zm _Vm{YH ma t KQZoMr àñVmdZm
t _yc^yV hŠH d _mJ©Xe©H VÎdo t Y_©{Zanoj amÁ`

5. KQ ZoMr {Mao~§Xr 54
t ^maVmÀ`m KQZoMm KmQ t g§KamÁ` H s EH NÌr amÁ`?
t ^maVmMo H m`©H mar _§S i t KQH amÁ`o
t ñWm{ZH ñdamÁ` g§ñWm t Ý`m`g§ñWm
t emgZì`dñWm t {dícofUmË_H _yë`_mnZ

6. Ama§^rÀ`m AS MUr 69
t VËH mcrZ nmíd©^y_r t g§ñWmZm§Mo {dcrZrH aU
t OmVr` hË`mH m§S t {Zdm©{gVm§Mo nwZd©gZ
t nm{H ñVmZer g§~§Y
7. amîQ´mMr ~m§YUr 80
t {d{dYVoV EH Vm t ^m{fH g_ñ`m
 8. ^mfmdma àm§V-aMZm 91
t EH mË_VoÀ`m à{H« `oVrc Qßnm t ^mfmdma àm§V Am`moJmMr {Z`wŠVr
t ^mfmdma amÁ`-nwZa©MZm t Aëng§»` ^mfm
t CXy©Mo ñWmZ
9. Am{Xdmgter EoŠ` 97
t Am{Xdmgt{df`H YmoaUmMr _wio t B©emÝ`oH Src Am{Xdmgr
t ZmJmc±S t {_Pmoam_
t PmaI§S
10. àmXo{eH Vm d àmXo{eH {df_Vm 107
t àmXo{eH Vm d àmXo{eH {ddmX t {dH mgmVrc àmXo{eH Ag_Vmoc
t ^y{_nwÌ {gÕmÝV t AmajUmMr g_ñ`m

11. Amem Am{U H m`©{gÕrMm H mcI§S – 1951-64 116

t {ZdSUyH -à{H« `oMr gwédmV t cmoH emhr g§ñWm§Mm {dH mg
t àemgZmMr g§aMZm t {dkmZ Am{U V§ÌkmZ {dH mg
t gm_m{OH n[adV©Z t nm`m^yV {ejU
t gm_m{OH {dH mg `moOZm

12. naamîQ´ YmoaU– Zohê `wJ 130

^maVmÀ`m naamîQ´ YmoaUmMr _ycVÎdo
Am§VaamîQ´ r` ñVamdarc H m_{Jar
t H mo[a`mMo `wÕ t B§S mo-MrZ
t gwEP H mcdm t h§JoarMr g_ñ`m
t H m§JmoMm àíZ
OmJ{VH _hmgÎmm§er g§~§Y
t A_o[aH m t gmopìhEV g§K
eoOmar amîQ´ m§er g§~§Y
t nm{H ñVmZ t MrZ

13. Eo{Vhm{gH ÑpîQH moZmVyZ Odmhacmc Zohê 150

t ^maV hoM gd©ñd t ^maVr` ñdmV§Í`mMo ÑTrH aU
t amîQ´ r` EH mË_VoMo nmofU t cmoH emhr d g§gXr` àUmcrMr OmonmgZm
t g_mOdmXr ì`dñWoMr C^maUr t Am{W©H {dH mgmgmRr {Z`moOZ
t Y_©{ZanojVoer ~m§{YcH s t Zohê§ À`m H m`m©Mo _yë`_mnZ

14. H m±J«og nj– 1947-64 160

t H mcI§S mMm AmTmdm t njZoV¥Ëd {déÕ gaH ma
 t
Zohê Am{U nQoc t nwéfmoÎm_Xmg Q§S Z {déÕ Zohê
t
H m±J«og_Yrc njm§VJ©V ñnYm© t g_mOdmXr Am{U H m±J«og
t
H m±J«og_Yrc g_mOdmX t H m±J«ogcm CVaVr H im
15. 1947-64 `m H mimVrc {damoYr nj 171
t g_mOdmXr nj t H å`w{ZñQ nj
t ^maVr` OZg§K t ñdV§Ì nmQu
t gm§àXm{`H Am{U àmXo{eH nj
16. emñÌtnmgyZ B§{Xam Jm§Ytn`ªV– gZ 1964-69 184
t emñÌrOtMm H mcI§S t B§{Xam Jm§Yr– gwédmVrMr df}
t 1967 À`m {ZdSUwH m Am{U Z§Va t g§{YH mi– 1967-69
t ZjcdmXr
17. B§{Xam Jm§Yr nd©– 1969-73 195
t Smd Am{U à{VSmd t ...Am{U Smd qOH cm
t gZ 1971 À`m {ZdSUwH m§Vrc àM§S `e t ~m§JcmXoe àíZmMo AmìhmZ
t ZoÌXrnH `emMm H mi
18. cmoH emhrÀ`m H gmoQ rMm H mi–O`àH mem§Mo Am§XmocZ d AmUr~mUr 207
t AmUr~mUrnyd© H mimVrc noMàg§J t O`àH meOtMo Am§XmocZ Am{U AmUr~mUr
t O`àH me `m§À`m Am§XmocZmMo g_rjU t AmUr~mUrÀ`m {ZU©`mMo narjU
t AmUr~mUrda OZVoMr à{V{H« `m t drg H c_r H m`©H« _
t AmUr~mUr~m~V OZVoMm ^«_{Zamg t g§O` Jm§Yr
t AMmZH {ZdSUwH m– 1977
19. _Ü`§VarMr OZVm njmMr amOdQ Am{U B§{XamOtMo nwZamJ_Z– 1977-84 220
t OZVm njmVrc noMàg§J t H m±J«ogMo nwZé‚mrdZ
t B§{Xam Jm§YtMo nwZamJ_Z t B§{Xam Jm§Yr– EH _yë`_mnZ

20. amOrd Jm§YtMr H maH sX© 230

t AZno{jVarË`m n§VàYmZnXr
t H ma{H XuMm gH mamË_H àma§^
t ñWm{ZH ñdamÁ` g§ñWm§Zm _O~wVr
t H m±J«ogMo eVmãXr A{YdoeZ
t ~mo\ mog© Am{U Z§Va...
t àma§^mnmgyZM noMàg§J AZ² g_ñ`m!
t V§ÌkmZmVyZ {dH mg
t gdmªJrU {dH mgmMo à`ËZ
t `eñdr naamîQ´ r` YmoaU
t H ma{H XuMo _yë`_mnZ

21. ghòH mH So Ymd– 1989-99 241

t amOrdOr– {déÕ Jococo KQH t amîQ´ r` AmKmSr gaH ma– 1989-90
t M§ÐeoIa Vo dmOno`r– EH AmTmdm t amîQ´ r` cmoH emhr AmKmSrMo gaH ma
t g§`wŠV nwamoJm_r AmKmSrMo gaH ma t naamîQ´ r` g§~§Y
t nmoIaU-2 t H ma{Jc
t H§ Xmhma àH aU t AmJ«m {eIa n[afX
22. V{_iZmSy , Am§Y« àXoe d Amgm_ `m amÁ`m§Vrc amOH maU 258
t V{_iZmSy Vrc \w QraVmdmXmMm àdmg t Am§Y« àXoemVrc Am§XmocZo d g§Kf©
t \w QraVmdmXr Zgcoco Amgm_Mo amOH maU
23. npíM_ ~§Jmc Am{U Oå_y-H mí_ra_Yrc amOH maU 267
t npíM_ ~§Jmc t H mí_raMm àíZ
24. n§Om~Mm noMàg§J 276
t n§Om~ g_ñ`oMo _yi t n§Om~r gwä`mMm ^md{ZH àíZ
t AH mctMo amOH maU t n§Om~_Yrc XheVdmX
tamOrd Jm§Yr d n§Om~ H ama t XheVdmXmMr g_mßVr
tg_ñ`oMo EHy U _yë`_mnZ

25. ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm– 1947-65 288

t Zohê àUrV d¡Mm[aH dmagm t Am{W©H {Z`moOZ Am{U gaH mar joÌ
t n{hë`m VrZ `moOZm§Mm coIm-OmoIm
26. ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm– 1965-91 297
t Am{W©H noMàg§J Am{U Cnm``moOZm t Am{W©H AmKmSrdarc `eñdr H m_{Jar
t aMZmË_H Xmof Xya H aÊ`mMr JaO
27. 1991 nmgyZÀ`m Am{W©H gwYmaUm 308
t Am{W©H gwYmaUm§Mr JaO t Am{W©H gwYmaUm§Zm àma§^
t amîQ´ r` CËnÞmV d¥Õr t naH s` McZmÀ`m gmRçmV d¥Õr
t H O©gmniçmVyZ ~mhoa t naH s` Jw§VdUwH sV d¥Õr
t Xm[aÐçaofoImcrc cmoH g§»`oV KQ t {MÌmMr Xwgar ~mOy
t Am{W©H gwYmaUm§~m~V _V¡Š`
28. Zì`m ghòH mVrc ^maVr` AW©ì`dñWm 315
29. ^y–gwYmaUm (1) : dgmhVdmXmMm n[aUm_ Am{U amîQ´ r` d
eoVH ar MiditMm dmagm 329
30. ^y–gwYmaUm (2) : O_rZXmar-{Z_y©cZ Am{U Hy inÕVrV gwYmaUm 337
t O_rZXmar-{Z_y©cZ t O_rZXmar-{Z_y©cZmVrc C{Udm
t Hy inÕVrV gwYmaUm t Hy inÕVr gwYmaUm H m`Úm§darc _`m©Xm
31. ^y–gwYmaUm (3) : H _mc O_rZYmaUm Am{U ^yXmZ Midi 344
t H _mc O_rZYmaUm t H _mc O_rZYmaUm H m`ÚmVrc C{Udm
t O_rZ-gwYmaUm à`ËZm§Zm nwÝhm JVr t ^yXmZ Midi
32. ^y–gwYmaUm : ghH mar Midi Am{U EHy U AmT mdm 351
t ghH mar Midi t ghH marH aUmVrc _`m©Xm
t ghH mar XyY g§ñWm d XwYmMm _hmnya
33. eoVr{dH mg Am{U h[aVH« m§Vr 362

34. ñdmV§Í`moÎma H mimVrc eoVH è`m§Mo cTo 369

t Voc§JU_Yrc eoVH ar g§Kf© t n{V`mimMr _wPmam Midi
t ZjcdmXr Midi t lrH mHw c_ (Am§Y« àXoe)
t eoVH è`m§Mr ZdAm§XmocZo
35. OmVr`dmXmMo nwZé‚mrdZ Am{U dmT 378
t Y_©{ZanojVmdmXmMr _wio t OmVr`dmXmMr d¡{eîQço
t XrK©H mcrZ Am{U AënH mcrZ H maUo t qhXy Am{U _wpñc_ OmVr`dmX
t {dícofUmË_H {ZîH f©
36. gm§àXm{`H Vm Am{U amÁ` eŠVrMm dmna 386

37. OmVr`Vm{damoYr amOH maU Am{U aUZrVr 396

38. ñdmV§Í`moÎma H mimVrc ^maVr` pñÌ`m 401
t gwYmaUm MidirVrc H| Ðq~Xÿ t gZ 1947 Z§VaÀ`m pñÌ`m§À`m Midir
t pñÌ`m§Mo Amamo½` d {ejU

39. dgmhVdmXr amOdQ rZ§VaMm ^maV Am{U {dH mgmMo amOZ¡{VH 410
AW©emñÌ– EH ÑpîQ jon
t amîQ— dmXmMm dmagm Am{U dgmhVrZ§VaMo amÁ` t J[a~r, cmoH emhr Am{U ^maVr` amÁ`
40. emgH s` g§ñWm§_Yrc Jm|Yi 417
t g§gX d {dYmZ _§S io t _§{Ì_§S i
t Ý`m`g§ñWm t cmoH àemgZ Am{U ZmoH aemhr
t nmocrg t g¡Ý`Xco
t H| Ð-amÁ` g§~§Y t gÎmoMo {dH| ÐrH aU
t amOH s` nj t ^«îQmMma
t {ZîH f©
41. Zì`m ghòH mV àdoe– H m`©{gÕr, àíZ Am{U ^{dVì` 429
t amîQ— r` EoŠ` t cmoH emhr amOH s` ì`dñWm
t cmoH emhrMo ÑTrH aU t amOH s` à{H« `oV cmoH m§Mm gh^mJ
t amOH s` {ZfoYmMo àH ma t Am{W©H H m`©nyVu
t Am{W©H g_ñ`m Am{U YmoHo t H mhr A§Ymar joÌo