TENSES

Tenses berasal dari bahasa Prancis yang berarti waktu, menurut bahasa Inggris tenses yang berarti perubahan
bentuk kata kerja (Verb) yang dipengaruhi oleh waktu dan konteks cerita.

Contoh : I go to school everyday (saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari)

: I am studying English now (saya sedang belajar bahasa Inggris sekarang)
: I studied English yesterday (saya belajar bahasa Inggris kemarin)
TENSES dibagi berdasarkan atas :
1. TIME (waktu) - Present (Sekarang)
- Past (Lampau)
- Future (Akan datang)
- Past future (Rencana yang gagal/pengandaian)
2. EVENT (Tingkat kejadian)
- Simple (Sederhana)
- Progressive/continuous (Sedang berlangsung)
- Perfect (Sempurna)
- Perfect progressive (Sedang berlangsung dengan berdurasi)

Time / Event Present Past Future Past Future

Simple Simple present Simple past Simple future Simple past future
(S.Pr) (S.Ps) (S.F) (S.Ps.F)
Progressive Present continuous Past continuous Future continuous Past future continuous
/Continuous (Pr.Cont) (Ps.Cont) (F.Cont) (Ps.F.Cont)

Perfect Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect Past future perfect
(Pr.Pf) (Ps.Pf) (F.Pf) (Ps.F.Pf)
Perfect Present perfect Past perfect Future perfect Past future perfect
Progressive / continuous continuous continuous continuous
continuous (Pr.Pf.Cont) (Ps.Pf.Cont) (F.Pf.Cont) (Ps.F.Pf.Cont)

PRONOUN

Possessive
Subject pronoun Object pronoun
Pronoun Adjective
I Me Mine My……..

You You Yours Your……

We Us Ours Our…….

They Them Theirs Their……

He Him His His……..

She Her Hers Her……..

It It Its Its………

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Contoh : I bring my book for me myself because this book is mine
: You bring your book for you yourself because this book is yours
: We bring our book for us ourselves because this book is ours
: They bring their book for them themselves because this book is theirs
: He brings his book for him himself because this book is his
: She brings her book for her herself because this book is hers
: It eats its food for it itself because this food is its

SENTENCES (Kalimat-kalimat)
Kalimat adalah kata yang tersusun dari (paling sedikitnya) subyek dan predikat
Contoh : I Cry
: She comes
: He smiles
: They sleep
Kalimat dibagi menjadi dua :

1. VERBAL SENTENCE : Kalimat yang predikatnya terbentuk dari kata kerja

Contoh : I went to the theater last night
: We take out our hands book from bag
: They brought my pet to the park
: She walks toward the zoo
: She wants to be an English teacher
: The train is going to leave this town at 9 P. M
: My sister will fly to pert tomorrow
Kata kerja (verb) menurut bentuknya dibagi menjadi :

To Infinitive Bare Infinitive Additional form Past form Past participle Present
(to + V1) (Kt kerja (Kt kerja yg (V2) (V3) participle
murni) ditambah es/s) (V1+ing)

To study Study Studies Studied Studied Studying

To boil Boil Boils Boiled Boiled Boiling
To cut Cut Cuts Cut Cut Cutting
To do Do Does Did Done Doing
To have Have Has Had Had Having
To be Be Is,am,are Was,were Been beeing
Perkawinan rumus :
Present : V (s / es) Past : V2
Perfect : Have / has + V3 Future : Will / shall + V1
Continuous : Be + Ing Nominal : Be + 3 Complement
2. NOMINAL SENTENCE : Kalimat yang predikatnya terbentuk dari kata to be
Contoh : I am a volunteer
: She was a reporter last year
: They were a gardener, when I was at that school
(SUBJECT + BE + COMPLEMENT)

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Complement (pelengkap) : Kata yang mengikuti suatu verb dan menerangkan subyek dari verb tersebut, dan juga
menjelaskan kata sifat (adjective) dan kata keterangan (adverb)
Macam – macam complement :
1. Adjective (kata sifat) Contoh : Happy, sad, kind, beautiful, handsome
2. Noun (kata benda) Contoh : teacher, classmate, student, headmaster
3. Adverb (kata keterangan)
- Adverb of place (kt keterangan tempat)
Contoh : at school, in the library, at home, in Majalengka, here, there
-Adverb of time (kt keterangan waktu)
Contoh : night, morning, at 7.00 o’clock, evening
- Adverb of manner (kt keterangan cara)
Contoh : fast, hard, slowly, well, loudly, rudely, by….., with……,on……..

Pola kalimat dalam nominal

(+) Subject + to be + Complement
(-) Subject + to be + not + complement
(?) To be + subject + complement?
(-?) To be + not + Subject + Complement?
Ketentuan dalam penambahan “s” dan “es” dalam simple present (untuk subject She, He, It, nama orang, jabatan
dan possessive)

1. Bila kata kerja berakhiran “y” di dahului oleh huruf mati (consonant), maka “y” diubah menjadi “i” lalu ditambah
“es”
Contoh : To study – studies To fly – flies
To carry – carries To fry – fries

2. Bila kata kerja berakhiran dengan “s”, “sh”, “ch”, “x”, “o” ditambahkan “es”.
Contoh : To kiss – kisses To box – boxes
To wish – wishes To do – does

3. Yang tidak termasuk dalam ketentuan di atas hanya di tambah “s”.

Contoh : To play – plays To come – comes
To buy – buys To see – sees
To ask – asks To take – takes

Contoh dalam kalimat :

- My father plays tennis twice a week
- She cuts the grass every week
- Cat eats fish on the table
- My mother fries soybean cake in the kitchen

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 PERUBAHAN VERB (kata kerja)
(1) Verb yang berakhiran (a) Hope hoping hoped - ING form : apabila kata berakhiran
“E” Date dating dated “e”, gantikan “e” menjadi “ing”
Injure injuring injured -
- ED form : apabila kata berakhiran
“e”, langsung tambahkan “d” saja

(2) Verb yang berakhiran Verb yang satu suku kata

pada satu vowel dan satu (b) Stop stopping stopped
konsonan Rob robbing robbed 1 vowel – 2 consonant **
(c) Rain raining rained
Fool fooling fooled 2 vowel – 1 consonant
Dream dreaming dreamed
Verb yang dua suku kata
(d) Listen listening listened
Offer offering offered
Open opening opened
(e) Begin beginning (begun)

(3) Verb yang berakhiran (f) Start started starting Apabila kata berakhiran pada dua
pada dua konsonan Help helped helping konsonan, maka langsung tambahkan
Pinch pinched pinching akhirnya saja.
(4) Verb yang berakhiran (g) Enjoy enjoyed enjoying Jika –y di dahului oleh sebuah vowel,
pada “y” Pray prayed praying maka –y tetap
Buy (bought) buying
Jika –y didahului oleh sebuah konsonan,
(h) Study studied studying - ING form : -y tetap, tambahkan –ing
Try tried trying - ED form : gantikan –y ke –i, tambahkan
Carry carried carrying “ed”

(5) Verb yang berakhiran (i) Die dying died -ING form : gantikan –ie ke –y,
pada –IE Lie laying lied tambahkan –ing
Tie tying tied -ED form : hanya tambahkan “d”

TENSES IN USE

1. SIMPLE PRESENT (Waktu sekarang kebiasaan )

Simple present digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang berlangsung setiap hari yang merupakan kebiasaan
atau kenyataan
a. Menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa lampau, sekarang, bahkan terjadi dimasa akan datang,
biasanya digunakan untuk general statements of fact.
-The world is round
-The sun rises in the east
b. Menyatakan kebiasaan atau kegiatan setiap hari
-I study for two hours every night
-My class begins at eight
c. Menyatakan keaadaan yang sekarang terjadi pada saat berbicara
-I have only a dollar right now
-He needs a pen right now

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POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + V-1 (s/es) + O
(She goes to market every week)
(-) S + do / does + Not + V-1 + O
(She does not (doesn’t) go to market every week)
(?) Do / Does + S + V-1 + O?
(Does she go to market every week?) By the answer:
Yes, she does
No, she doesn’t
- Kata kerja ditambah s /es jika subjectnya orang ketiga tunggal yaitu she, he, it
- Apabila subjectnya I, you, we, they kata kerjanya tidak ditambahi s /es
- Menggunakan kata Bantu “does“ untuk subject she, he, it, nama orang, jabatan, possessive
- Menggunakan kata Bantu “ do ” untuk subject I, you, we, they

EXERCISE
1. (+) ………………………………….
(-) He does not kiss his baby
(?) …………………………………..
2. (+) I kiss my girl
(-) …………………………………..
(?) …………………………………..
3. (+) ……………………………………
(-) …………………………………..
(?) Does he box these pencils?

Keterangan waktu (adverbial of time) dalam Simple present

Every……… : setiap……….
Seldom : jarang
Twice a week : 2 kali seminggunever
Never : tidak pernah
Usually : biasanya
ever : pernah
Always : selalu
on Sunday : dihari minggu
At night : pada malam hari
often : sering

KATA TANYA (Question World)

Who (siapa) : menanyakan orang sebagai subject

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Whom (siapa) : menanyakan orang sebagai object
Whose (siapa punya) : menanyakan kepemilikan
Where (dimana/kemana) : Menanyakan tempat
What (apa) :Menanyakan jabatan, benda, binatang, aktifitas
When (kapan) : Menanyakan waktu
Why (mengapa/kenapa) : Menanyakan alasan / sebab
How (bagaimana) : menanyakan keadaan
How much (brp banyak) : menanyakan benda yang dapat dihitung
How many (brp banyak) : menanyakan benda yang tidak dapat dihitung

Catatan :
1. Meletakan auxiliary (kata kerja tambahan/Bantu) setelah question word kecuali menanyakan subject di simple
present dan simple past
2. Menghilangkan kata yang ditanyakan (kecuali untuk menanyakan verb diganti dengan “do”, disesuaikan
dengan bentuk tensesnya)
Simple : Do
Continuous : Doing
Perfect : Done

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANNYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q.W + V-1 (s / es) + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q.W + Do/Does + S + V-1?

EXAMPLE
Her father buys meat in the market every week
a b c d e f

a. Whose father buys meat in the market every week?

b. Who buys meat in the market every week?
c. What does her father do in the market every week?
d. What does her father buy in the market every week?
e. Where does her father buy meat every week?
f. When does her father buy meat in the market?

EXERCISE
1. His mother cooks rice in the kitchen at eight o’clock
a b c d e

a. …………………………………………………….
b. …………………………………………………….
d. …………………………………………………….
c. …………………………………………………….
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 e. …………………………………………………….

2. A boy visits Riana on Saturday night

a b c d

a. ……………………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………………………..
c. ……………………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………………..
3. I invite her at my birthday
a b c d
a. ………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………

4. I carry a bag the course

a b c

a. ……………………………………………………….
b. ……………………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………………….

5. They speak English every day

a b c d

a. ……………………………………………………….
b. ……………………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………………….
d. ……………………………………………………….

6. We go abroad every year

A b c

a. ………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………..

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (waktu sekarang sedang)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada saat bicara.
a. Menyatakan sebuah aktifitas pada saat sekarang bicara, aktifitas tersebut di mulai pada saat waktu lampau,
berlanjut pada waktu sekarang, dan kemungkinan akan berakhir di waktu tertentu.
-John is sleeping right now
-John and James are talking on the telephone
b. Menyatakan sebuah aktifitas yang sedang dalam proses walaupun tidak pada saat bicara ;sesuatu yang umum
pada minggu sekarang, bulan sekarang, tahun sekarang.
-I am taking five courses this semester
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 -She is writing another book this year

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Is/am/are + V-ing + O
(Budi is listening to the radio now)
(-) S + Is/am/are + not + V-ing +O
(Budi is not (isn’t) listening to the radio now)
(?) Is/am/are + S + V-ing +O?
(Is budi listening to the radio now?)
Yes, he is
No, he is not (isn’t)
-To be (am) digunakan untuk subject I
-To be (is) digunakan untuk subject She, He, It dan nama orang
-To be (are) digunakan untuk subject we, they, you
-Kata kerja yang tidak digunakan :
See, hear, smell, notice, want, desire, forgive, hate Dll
EXERCISE
1. (+) I am taking my book
(-) …………………………………………………...
(?) …………………………………………………..
2. (+) …………………………………………………..
(-) …………………………………………………...
(?) Is his brother wearing a coat?
3. (+) ……………………………………………………
(-) They aren’t playing table tennis
(?) ……………………………………………………
4. (+) my young sisters are studying English at this time
(-) …………………………………………………….
(?) …………………………………………………….
5. (+) …………………………………………………….
(-) My brother is not sleeping in the room
(?) …………………………………………………….

Kata keterangan waktu dalam present continuous

Now : sekarang
At present : pada saat sekarang
Today : hari ini
Tonight : malam hari
This morning : pagi ini
This afternoon : siang ini

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject

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 Q.W + is + V-ing + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q.W + is/am/are + S + V-ing?

EXAMPLE
Her mother is frying the fish by prying pan
a b c d e

a. Whose mother is frying the fish by frying pan?

b. Who is frying the fish by frying pan?
c. What is her mother doing by frying pan?
d. What is her mother frying by frying pan?
e. By what is her mother frying the fish?
What is her mother frying the fish by?
Catatan : Apabila menanyakan cara, maka preposisi boleh disimpan sebelum Q.W atau di akhir kalimat
Apabila aktivitas tidak bisa dilakukan hanya satu orang saja, maka tetap menggunakan “ARE”

They are playing football

a b c

a. Who are playing football?

b. What are they doing?
c. What are they playing?

EXERCISE
1. Joko is writing a letter in this room with his friend
a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………….
d. ………………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………………….
f. ………………………………………………….

2. They are watching the television at this moment

a b c

a. ……………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………

3. Maria is driving his car fast

a b c d

a. ……………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………

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 d. ……………………………………………………

“You are what you think”

3. PRESENT PERFECT (Waktu sekarang selesai)

Untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang telah terjadi (waktu kejadianya tidak perlu diketahui, yang penting sudah
terjadi) dan biasanya berakibat sekarang.
a. Biasanya menyatakan sesuatu yang telah terjadi atau tidak pernah terjadi sebelum sekarang, pada waktu yang
tidak spesifik di waktu lampau.
-They have moved into a new apartment.
-Have you ever visited Mexico?
-I have already seen that boy
b. Menyatakan kebiasaan yang telah berulang kali dilakukan sebelum waktu sekarang.
-I have flown on an airplane many times
-I have met many people since I came here in June
c. Untuk kalimat nominal, ketika menggunakan kata for atau since menerangkan keadaan yang telah dimulai pada
waktu lampau dan berlangsung pada waktu sekarang.
-I have been here since seven o’clock
-We have been here for two weeks
-I have known him for many years

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Have / Has + V-3 + O
(Dona has taken a bath)
(-) S + Have / Has + not + V-3 + O
(Dona has not (hasn’t) taken a bath)
(?) Have / Has + S + V-3 + O?
(Has Dona taken a bath?)
Catatan : -Has digunakan untuk subject (He, She, It dan nama orang)
-Have digunakan untuk subject (I, You, we, They)
-Sering menggunakan kata for dan since
For : Selama ( menunjukan arti lamanya jangka waktu kejadian/aktivitas)
Since : Sejak ( menunjukan arti saat tertentu pada waktu lampau hingga masa sekarang)

EXERCISE
1. (+) She has just gone away
(-) …………………………………
(?) …………………………………
2. (+) ………………………………...
(-) They have not finished the work
(?) …………………………………
3. (+) …………………………………
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 (-) ………………………………….
(?) Has she swept the floor for an hour?

Kata keterangan waktu (Time signal)

For : selama Already : sudah
Since : sejak Never : tidak pernah
Just : barusaja Ever : pernah
Almost : hamper Recently : baru-baru ini
Lately : akhir-akhir ini Up to now : sampai saat ini
Until now : sampai sekarang Still : masih

RUMUS MENGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

Q.W + Have / Has + S + V-3 +O?
- Untuk menanyakn subject auxiliary harus mengggunakan kata ganti oaring ke III
- Untuk menanyakan predikat (verb) maka dinyatakan dalam bentuk kat “done”
“What has she done?”

EXAMPLE
He has swept the floor for an hour
a b c d

a. Who has swept the floor for an hour?

b. What has he done for an hour?
c. What has he swept for an hour?
d. How long has he swept the floor?

EXERCISE
1. People have gone to Bali since Friday
a b c

a. ……………………………………..
b. ……………………………………..
c. ……………………………………..
2. She has sent me a letter recently
a b c d e

a. ………………………………………
b. ………………………………………
c. ………………………………………
d. ………………………………………
e. ………………………………………

3. Two boys have invited two girls to the theater

a b c d e

a. …………………………………………….
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 b. …………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………...
d. ……………………………………………..
e. ………………………………………………
4. John’s father has lent us the money
a b c

a. …………………………………………….
b. …………………………………………….
c. …………………………………………….
5. A new car has made her dizzy
a b c d

a. ……………………………………………..
b. …………………………………………….
c. …………………………………………….
d. …………………………………………….
6. He has bought an Australian car
a b c d

a. ……………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………………..
c. ……………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………..

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (Waktu selesai sedang)

Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah dilakukan diwaktu lampau dan aktivitas tersbut masih berlangsung sampai
sekarang dan kemungkinan akan terus berlangsung sampai masa yang akan datang.
a. Tenses ini digunakan untuk mengetahui aktivitas waktu yang dimulai pada waktu lampau dan berlanjut pada
waktu sekarang, biasnya menggunakan beberapa keterangan for, since, all morning, all day, all week,
-I have been sitting here since seven o’clock
-It has been raining all day. It is still raining right now
b. Biasa menggunakan kata kerja tertentu (live, work, teach)
-I have been living here since 1989
-He has been working at the same store for ten years
POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Has / Have + been + V-ing + O
(She has been learning English for 4 years)
(-) S + Has/ Have + not + been + V-ing + O
(She has not been learning English for 4 years)
(?)Has / Have + S + been + V-ing + O?
(Has she been learning English for 4 years?)
EXERCISE
1. (+) They have been playing football for almost two hours
(-) …………………………………………………………

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 (?) …………………………………………………………
2. (+) …………………………………………………………
(-) Alex has been talking on the phone for over an hour
(?) …………………………………………………………
3. (+) …………………………………………………………
(-) ………………………………………………………….
(?) Have we been waiting for two hours?
4. (+) ………………………………………………………….
(-) All of the students have not been studying hard
(?) ………………………………………………………….
5. (+) They have been doing their work
(-) ………………………………………………………….
(?) ………………………………………………………….

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q.W + has + been + V-ing + O
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q.W + have / has + S + been + V-ing + O

EXAMPLE
They have been doing their work for two hours
a b c
a. Who has been doing their work for two hours?
b. Whose work have they been doing for two hours?
c. How long have they been doing their work?

EXERCISE
1. His father has been advising him since an hour
a b c

a. ……………………………………………………….
b. ……………………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………………….
2. She has been waiting for john since early in the morning
a b c

a. …………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………
3. They have been writing a letter for an hour
a b c d e

a. …………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………

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 d. …………………………………………………………
e. …………………………………………………………
4. I have been standing here for nothing to do
a b c

a. …………………………………………………………..
b. …………………………………………………………..
c. …………………………………………………………..

5. SIMPLE PAST (waktu lampau sederhana)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / aktivitas yang terjadi pada suatu waktu tertentu di masa lampau.
a. Biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan di masa lampau
-They never drank wine
-When I was young, I went swimming every week
b. Juga digunakan bila suatu kejadian benar-benar telah terjadi dimasa lampau meskipun suatu tertentu tidak
disebutkan.
-She studied music while she was in Paris
-During the holiday the students went for camping
-They lived in New York for ten years
b. Keterangan waktu yang yang biasa dipakai
- Jus now / a moment ago
- Yesterday
- Last …….. (Time/week/month/year)
- This morning
- ……….ago
- One day/the other day
- Some / several (days/weeks/months/years)

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + V-2 + O
(I bought a new car three days ago)
(-) S + did + not + V-1 + O
(I did not buy a new car three days ago)
(?) Did + S + V-1 + O?
(Did I buy a new car three days ago?)

Catatan : - Untuk membentuk kalimat negative dan interrogative

membutuhkan kata Bantu (did)
- Dalam kalimat negative dan interrogative harus menggunakan kata kerja 1 (infinitive)

EXERCISE

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 1. (+) My father left for Singapore last month
(-) …………………………………………
(?) ………………………………………...
2. (+) ………………………………………..
(-) He did not watch television last night
(?) ………………………………………..
3. (+) ……………………………………….
(-) ………………………………………..
(?) Did his father pass away two years ago?

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanykan subject
Q.W + V-2 + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q.W + did + S + V-1?

EXAMPLE
They gave him an English book yesterday
a b c d e

a. Who gave him an English book yesterday?

b. Whom did they give an English book yesterday?
c. How many English books did they give him?
d. What did they give him yesterday?
e. When did they give him an English book?

EXERCISE
1. I bought this car in Jakarta last year
a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………
2. He did his work yesterday
a b c d

a. ………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………
3. Danni’s mother visited Bali Island about three days ago
a b c d

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 a. ………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………………….

6. PAST CONTINUOUS (aktu lampau sedang)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau
Misalnya ; I was reading a book at seven P.M yesterday
a. Penggunaan past continuous yang membedakanya adalah waktu yang spesifik dan time signal yang past
(lampau)
b. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung di waktu tertentu di masa lampau
Contoh : I was sleeping when you phoned me last night
When the teacher came, the boys were playing game
c. Bila hanya satu kejadian yang berlangsung kita perlu menunjukan suatu waktu yang tertentu
-at 8 o’clock last night I was writing a letter
-By this time last year we were flying to Bali
d. Dalam tenses ini sering digunakan bentuk – bentuk pernyataan
-Was she doing anything when you came to her house last night?
= No, she wasn’t doing anything when I came
-Where were you going when I came to your house yesterday?
= I was going to the market

Catatan : When, While, As digunakan sebagai kata penghubung dengan ketentuan sebagai berikut
When + simple past / past continuous
While / As + past continuous

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Was/Were + V-ing + O
(I was sleeping all morning yesterday)
(-) S + Was / Were + not + V-ing + O
(I was not sleeping all morning yesterday)
(?) Was / Were + S + V-ing + O?
(Was I sleeping all morning yesterday?)

Catatan : Was digunakan untuk subject I, She, He, It, Nama orang, Jabatan
Were digunakan untuk subject You, They, We (kecuali dalam conditional sentence jug digunakan untuk
subject I)
EXERCISE
1. (+) They were studying French at 9 P. M yesterday
(-) …………………………………………………
(?) …………………………………………………
Mastering Basic Grammar I
 2. (+) ………………………………………………...
(-) A boy was not playing kite at the beach
(?) …………………………………………………
3. (+) …………………………………………………
(-) …………………………………………………
(?) Were two girls going to Medan by plane?
4. (+) …………………………………………………
(-) They were not eating rice in the inn
(?) ………………………………………………….
5. (+) My father was sleeping at nine yesterday
(-) …………………………………………………..
(?) …………………………………………………..

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATATANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + was / were + V-ing + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + was / were + S + V-ing + O?

EXAMPLE
The street musician was singing in the café at two o’clock last Sunday
a b c d e

a. Who was singing in the café at two o’clock last Sunday?

b. What was the street musician doing in the café at two o’clock last Sunday?
c. Where was the street musician singing at two o’clock last Sunday?
d. What time was the street musician singing in the café last Sunday?
e. When was the street musician singing in the café?

EXERCISE
1. A boy was advising his brother
a b c d

a ………………………………….
b. …………………………………
c ………………………………….
d. …………………………………
2. I was taking a nap by this time yesterday
a b c

a. ………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………….
c. ……………………………………….
3. Two hunters were hunting a deer in the forest
a b c d e f

a. ……………………………………………...
Mastering Basic Grammar I
 b. ……………………………………………..
c. ……………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………..
e. ……………………………………………..
f. ……………………………………………..
4. I was writing a letter at eight o’clock last night
a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………..
d. ………………………………………………..
e. ………………………………………………..
f. …………………………………………………

5. We were flying to Bali by this time last year

a b c d

a. ………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………….
d. …………………………………………………..

7. PAST PERFECT (waktu lampau selesai)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah selesai dimasa lampau ketika kejadian lain terjadi.
Misalnya ; Yesterday I had finished my shopping when I met a friend
Sama halnya dengan dengan past continuous, peristiwa yang terjadi kemudian dinyatakan dalam simple past.
Time signal yang biasa dipakai yaitu :
-Ever -Just -as soon as
-Never -the day before
-Already -No….yet
Catatan ; -biasanya dinyatakan dalam bentuk seperti berikut (conjunction)
After + kejadian I kejadian I (past perfect)
Before + kejadian II kejadian II (simple past)
Main clause (induk kalimat)
(Sub clause (anak kalimat) cirri-cirinya jatuh setelah conjunction
Clause adalah kumpulan kata yang terdiri dari subject dan verb yang mempunyai makna
Example : The children run away after they had broken the window
I had watched TV before I had breakfast
S V-aux V-ord O Conj S V-ord O
(I) main clause Ps. Pf (II) sub clause S. Ps

Before I had breakfast, I had watched TV

Conj sub clause , main clause

-Boleh menggunakan kalimat verbal atau kalimat nominal

-Apabila conjunction di depan maka setelahnya harus diikuti oleh simple past

Mastering Basic Grammar I

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + had + V-3 + O
(I had left my bag on the chair)
(-) S + had + not + V-3 + O
(I had not left my bag on the chair)
(?) Had + S + V-3 + O?
(Had I left my bag o the chair?)

EXERCISE
1. (+) A police man had stopped me
(-) ……………………………….
(?) …..............................................
2. (+) …………………………..……
(-) She had not done this work
(?) ………………………………..
3. (+) ………………………………..
(-) ………………………………..
(?) Had a police man caught a thief?
Catatan : Had digunakan untuk semua subject

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + had + V-3 + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject Q. W + Had + S + V-3 + O?

EXAMPLE
A smart child had not taken his English examination
a b c d e f g

a. How many smart children had not taken his English examination?
b. Which child had not taken his English examination?
c. Who had not taken his English examination?
d. What had not a smart child done?
e. Whose English examination had not a smart child taken?
f. What examination had not a smart child taken?
g. What had not a smart child taken?

EXERCISE
1. A singer had sung two songs
a b c d e

a. ……………………………….
b. ……………………………….
c. ……………………………….
d. ……………………………….

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 e. ……………………………….
2. A policeman had caught a thief
a b c d e

a. …………………………………
b. …………………………………
c. …………………………………
d. …………………………………
e. …………………………………
3. A lion had hunted a deer in the forest
a b c d e f

a. …………………………………….
b. …………………………………….
c. …………………………………….
d. …………………………………….
e. …………………………………….
f. …………………………………….

Past Perfect tense sering juga digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam bentuk simple past
Perhatikan contoh tersebut :
- Why did he go to there?
= because he had never been there before
- Why did she check the list?
= because no one had checked it.
- Why did not you go and see the film?
= because I had seen it before
- How did you know the way to the city?
= I had been there before
- How did she know his name?
= She had met him before
- Why did she tell him about it?
= because she had not told him before

8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah dimulai dan masih sedang berlangsung ketika suatu kejadian lain
terjadi di masa lampau. Peristiwa yang terjadi kemudian dinyatakn dalam bentuk simple past.
Misal : When I came home last night, she had been sleeping for an hour
(ketika saya pulang tadi malam, dia masih sedang tidur selama satu jam)
Biasanya dinyatakan dalam bentuk seperti berikut :
(Past perfect continuous+ before + Simple past)
(Past perfect continuous+ when + Simple past)
(Past continuous+ while + Past perfect)
(Past continuous+ as + Past perfect)
Keterangan waktu dalam past perfect

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 -For……….when (selama……..ketika)
-While…….for (sementara…..selama)

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + had + been + V-ing + O
(The police had been looking for the criminal for two years)
(-) S + had + not + been + V-ing + O
(The police had not been looking for the criminal for two years)
(?)Had + S + been + V-ing + O?
(Had the police been looking for the criminal for two years?)

EXERCISE
1. (+) She had been watching that movie
(-) …………………………………………..
(?) …………………………………………..
2. (+) …………………………………………..
(-) Marry had not been sleeping for two hours
(?) ……………………………………………
3. (+) ……………………………………………
(-) …………………………………………….
(?) Had she been crying for almost an hour?
4. (+) ……………………………………………
(-) John had not been waiting for his girlfriend
(?) …………………………………………….
5. (+) They had been working for an hours
(-) ……………………………………………..
(?) …………………………………………….

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + had + been + V-ing + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q.W + had + S + been + V – ing + O?

EXAMPLE
They had been waiting for him since four-thirty
a b c d

a. Who had been waiting for him since four-thirty?

b. What had they been doing since four-thirty?
c. for Whom had they waiting since four-thirty?
d. When had they been waiting for him?

Mastering Basic Grammar I

EXERCISE
1. The customers had been withdrawing their money in the bank
a b c d e
a. …...........................................................................................
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………
2. She had been studying English for three months last year
a b c d e

a. ……………………………………………………………...
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………
3. A friend had been visiting Borobudur temple for an hour
a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………….
e. ……………………………………………………………….
4. A new friend had been buying an English book
a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………
f. ………………………………………………………………
5. His wife had been washing his cloth
a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………

6. The singer had been singing a song on the stage

a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………………………….

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 d. ………………………………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………………………………….
f.
9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE (waktu akan datang)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang akan dilakukan di masa akan datang.
-Juga biasanya menggunakan to be going to untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang benar-benar akan dilakukan di waktu
yang akan datang ( S + To be + going to + V-1 + O )
Misal : Tom passed his examination, his father is going to buy him bicycle
Berbeda dengan Shall / Will yang merupakan pernyataan tetapi sama – sama dipakai untuk future.
Juga digunakan untuk conditional sentence (kalimat bersyarat)
Contoh : If you go out, I shall go out
He will help you if you ask him politely
Kata keterangan waktu dalam simple future
-Tonight - The day after tomorrow
-Tomorrow - Two more days
-Later - Soon
-Next….(Time/week/month/year)

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Shall / Will + V-1 + O
(We shall watch TV tonight)
(-) S + Shall / Will + not + V-1 + O
(We shall not watch TV tonight)
(?)Shall / Will + S + V-1 + O?
Shall we watch TV tonight?)
Catatan : Shall not (Shan’t) Digunakan hanya untuk subject I dan We
Will not (won’t) Digunakan untuk semua subject

EXERCISE
1. (+) James will play football next week.
(-) ……………………………………………………………
(?) ……………………………………………………………
2. (+) ……………………………………………………………..
(-) They are not going to come here tomorrow
(?) ………………………………………………………………
3. (+) ………………………………………………………………
(-) ……………………………………………………………….
(?) Will you visit your father next Monday?
4. (+) ……………………………………………………………….
(-) He won’t come to the party next week
(?) ………………………………………………………………..
5. (+) The teacher will give the examination the day after tomorrow
(-) ………………………………………………………………..

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 (?) ………………………………………………………………...
6. (+) ………………………………………………………………..
(-) …………………………………………………………………
(?) Will their father fly to USA next Sunday?

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + V-1 + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + S + V-1 + O?
EXAMPLE :
He will lend you money next Friday
a b c d e

a. Who will lend you money next Friday?

b. What will he do?
c. Whom will he lend money next Friday?
d. What will he lend you next Friday?
e. When will he lend you money?

EXERCISE :
1. James will play volleyball tomorrow
a b c d

a. ………………………………………
b. ………………………………………
c. ………………………………………
d. ………………………………………

2. His mother will fly to USA with my mother

a b c d e f

a. …………………………………………
b. …………………………………………
c. …………………………………………
d. ………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………….
f. …..............................................................

3. We shall buy an English book in the book store

a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………….
d. ……………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………….

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 f. ………………………………………………….
4. His brother will give a necklace to my sister in her birthday
a b c d e f

a. …………………………………………………………….
b. …………………………………………………………….
c. …………………………………………………………….
d. …………………………………………………………….
e. …………………………………………………………….
f. ……………………………………………………………

10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS (waktu akan datang sedang)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang berlangsung di masa akan datang ketika suatu
kejadian lain terjadi,
misalnya kita mengatakan :
I will begin to study at seven then you will come at eight
So, I will be studying when you come
Dalam contoh di atas terdapat dua peristiwa / kejadian dan peristiwa yang terjadi kemudian dinyatakan dalam
simple present tense. Pada umumnya bentuk pernyataan yang sering digunakan dalam tenses ini seperti pada contoh
dibawah :
- Will he be playing tennis when his father comes tomorrow?
Yes, he will
No, he won’t

- Will they be climbing mountain by this time next month?

Yes, they will
No, they won’t
Kita juga dapat memakai Present continuous tense untuk menyatakan suatu persiapan tertentu yang akan segera
dilaksanakan dimasa akan datang. Dalam hal ini keterangan waktu harus disebutkan dengan jelas.
Contih : I am leaving for Singapore tonight
My sister is taking her final exam next August
Kata keterangan waktu yang digunakan :
- By this time tomorrow
- At the same time tomorrow
- At 8 ‘clock tonight
- All day tomorrow

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Will / Shall + be + V-ing + O
(They will be watching movie at seven o’clock tonight)
(-) S + Will / Shall + not + be + V-ing + O
(They will no be watching movie at seven o’clock tonight)
(?) Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing + O?

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 (Will they be watching movie at seven o’clock tonight?)

EXAMPLE
1. (+) I shall be driving through Java by this time next week
(-) …………………………………………………………
(?) …………………………………………………………
2. (+) ………………………………………………………..
(-) She will not be studying at eleven o’clock
(?) ………………………………………………………….
3. (+) …………………………………………………………
(-) ………………………………………………………….
(?) Will their children be studying Javanese by this time tomorrow?
4. (+) …………………………………………………………..
(-) Her mother will not be coming in the birthday next month
(?) ……………………………………………………………
5. (+) He will be singing a song in the worker’s club
(-) ……………………………………………………………
(?) ……………………………………………………………

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + Will / Shall be + V-ing + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + S + be + V-ing + O?

EXAMPLE
They will be watching football match by this time next Monday
a b c d c

a. Who will be watching football match by this time next Monday?

b. What will they be doing by this time next Monday?
c. What will they be watching by this time next Monday?
d. What match will they be watching by this time next Monday?
e. When will they be watching football match?

EXERCISE
1. Jimmy will be giving five performances in the café tomorrow night
a b c d e f

a. …………………………………………………………………..
b. …………………………………………………………………..
c. …………………………………………………………………..
d. …………………………………………………………………..

Mastering Basic Grammar I

 e. …………………………………………………………………..
f. …………………………………………………………………..
2. The police will be covering the president in the hall by this time
a b c d e
tomorrow

a ………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………………
3. The Ungu band will be staying for three days in the village
a b c d

a. …………………………………………………………………….
b. …………………………………………………………………….
c. …………………………………………………………………….
d. …………………………………………………………………….
4. My elder brother will be practicing his English at Borobudur tample
a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………………
f. ………………………………………………………………………

11. FUTURE PERFECT (waktu akan sedang selesai)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / perbuatan yang telah selesai di masa akan datang ketika suatu
kejadian terjadi.
Misal : When you come tomorrow I shall have finished that work

Sama halnya dengan future continuous, peristiwa yang terjadi kemudian dinyatakan dalam simple present tense.
Keterangan waktu yang biasa dipakai yaitu :
- By….next….. - At the same tonight
- By the end of this month - In June , 2010
(menjelang akhir bulan ini) - In February next year
- At ….time tomorrow - On Friday next week
- On the second of next march
- At this time tomorrow morning/afternoon/night

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Will / Shall + Have + V-3 + O
(Mike will have read this book on Tuesday next week)
(-) S+ Will / Shall + not + Have + V-3 + O
Mastering Basic Grammar I
 (Mike will not have read this book on Tuesday next week)
(?) Will / Shall + S + Have + V-3 + O?
(Will mike have read this book on Tuesday next week?)
Pada future perfect, yang memberi arti selesai / telah yiatu di terangkan oleh perfectnya sendiri. Jadi, biasanya kita
mengartikanya akan telah selesai

EXERCISE
1. (+) He will have studied English By the time next month
(-) …………………………………………………………
(?) …………………………………………………………
2. (+) …………………………………………………………
(-) Tom will not have taken the university degree by next July
(?) ………………………………………………………….
3. (+) ………………………………………………………….
(-) …………………………………………………………..
(?) Will you have gone to course at 8 AM tomorrow?
4. (+) ……………………………………………………………
(-) Marcel will not have done the duty by the end of this week
(?) ……………………………………………………………..
5. (+) We shall have left Yogyakarta in the two years
(-) ……………………………………………………………..
(?) ……………………………………………………………..
6. (+) …………………………………………………………….
(-) His mother will not have arrived here by this time tomorrow
(?) ………………………………………………………………
7. (+) My sister will have finished her duty by next week
(-) ………………………………………………………………
(?) ………………………………………………………………

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

1. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + Have + V-3 + O?
2. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + S + Have + V-3 + O?

EXAMPLE
They will have stayed in this house by next month
a b c d

a. Who will have stayed in this house by next month?

b. What will they have done by next month?
c. Where will they have stayed by next month?
d. When will they have stayed in this house?

Mastering Basic Grammar I

EXERCISE
1. His mother will have arrived here by this time tomorrow
a b c d

a. …………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………………
2. Mary will have read this book by the end of this week
a b c d

a. …………………………………………………………..
b. …………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………..…
d. …………………………………………………………..
3. My father will have taught them Arabic by this time tomorrow
a b c d e f

a. ……………………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………….
d. ……………………………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………………………………
f. .................................................................................................
4. The lady will have invited me by seven o’clock tonight
a b c

a. ……………………………………………………………….
b. ……………………………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………………………….

“none of us as good as all of us”

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / peristiwa yang telah berlangsung beberapa lama dimasa yang akan
datang dan masih sedang berlangsung ketika suatu kejadian lain terjadi. Peristiwa yang terjadi kemudian dinyatakan
dalam bentuk Simple present tense.
Misal : When you arrive tonight, I will have been studying for 2 hours
(Bila kamu tiba nanti malam, saya sudah belajar dua jam)
Dengan kata lain pada jam tujuh malam saya mulai belajar, dua jam kemudian (jam 9) kamu datang dan kegiatan
belajar saya masih berlangsung sampai beberapa jam kemudian. Maka, saya sudah belajar selama dua jam ketika kamu
tiba.

Keterngan waktu yang digunakan

- By the end of : Menjelang akhir
- For five years next month : Selama 5 tahun menjelang tahun depan

Mastering Basic Grammar I

- By this time next….. : pada saat ini ……depan
- For….by…. : Selama…..menjelang

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Shall / Will + have + been + V-ing + O
(I will have been taking my exam by this time next week)
(-) S + Shall / Will + not + have + been + V-ing + O
(I will not have been taking my exam by this time next time)
(?) Will / Shall + S + Have + been + V-ing + O ?
(Will I have been taking my exam by this time next time?)

EXERCISE
1. (+) We will have been living here for thirty years on April 2, 1990
(-) …………………………………………………………………………
(?) …………………………………………………………………………
2. (+) …………………………………………………………………………
(-) They will not have been touring for six months before the get to Japan
(?) ………………………………………………………………………….
3. (+) The orchestra will have been practicing three hours before perform
(- )………………………………………………………………………….
(?) ………………………………………………………………………….
4. (+) ………………………………………………………………………….
(- )…………………………………………………………………………..
(?) Will they have been interviewing you for two hours by next Sunday?
5. (+) ………………………………………………………………………….
(-) ………………………………………………………………………….
(?) Will a doctor have been checking me up by this time next day?
6. (+) ………………………………………………………………………….
(- ) I will have not been working for this company for 2 years by next year
(?) ………………………………………………………………………….

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

a. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + Have + been + V-ing + O?
b. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + Will / Shall + S + Have + been + V-ing + O?

EXAMPLE
We will have been repairing 2 cars in this garage by next month
a b c d e f

a. Who will have been repairing 2 cars in this garage by next month?
b. What we will have been doing in this garage by next month?
c. How many cars will w have been repairing in this garage by next mnt?

Mastering Basic Grammar I

d. What will we have been repairing in this garage by next month?
e. Where will we have been repairing 2 cars by next month?
f. When will we have been repairing 2 cars in this garage?

EXERCISE
1. He will have been painting the wall for 2 hours by 9 o’clock
a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………………
f. ………………………………………………………………………

2. Mr. McMahon will have been teaching for two years by next month
a b c d

a. ………………………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………………………..
d. ………………………………………………………………………..
3. My young sister will have been studying at University for 6 years next month
a b c d e f g

a. ……………………………………………………………………………….
b. ……………………………………………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………………………………………….
d. ……………………………………………………………………………….
e. ……………………………………………………………………………….
f. ……………………………………………………………………………….
g. ……………………………………………………………………………….

4. The children will have been sleeping for two hours by next time
a b c d

a. ………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………………

5. 2 smart students will have been living in Bali by next week

a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………………

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 e. ………………………………………………………………………………
f. ………………………………………………………………………………

13. SIMPLE PAST FUTURE

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / kejadian yang seharusnya akan dilakukan di masa lampau, Juga
dipakai untuk menyatakan kebiasaan di masa lampau.
Tenses ini biasanya ditemukan dalam Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) dan Conditional Sentence (kalimat
pengandaian type II).
Misal : He would come here yesterday, but unfortunately he got sick
If I were you, I would ask a new car
They said that they would discuss that matter
Would / should dapat diterjemahkan dengan arti seharusnya, dan dapat juga dipakai untuk memberikan saran.
Keterangan waktu yang dipakai sama dengan keterangan waktu yang dipakai dalam simple past.

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + should / would + V-1 + O
(They would invite me yesterday)
(-) S + should / would + not + V-1 + O
(They would not invite me yesterday)
(?) Should / would + S + V-1 + O ?
(Would they invite me yesterday?)

Catatan :
Would (Wouldn’t) digunakan untuk subject I dan WE
Should (Shouldn’t) digunakan untuk semua subject

EXERCISE
1. (+) She would go to Bandung last week
(-) …………………………………………………..
(?) …………………………………………………..
2. (+) …………………………………………………..
(-) Mary would not solve her problem last Monday
(?) …………………………………………………...
3. (+) We should do the homework a week ago
(-) ……………………………………………………
(?) ……………………………………………………
4. (+) ……………………………………………………
(-) ……………………………………………………
(?) Would they buy a car last month?
5. (+) ……………………………………………………
(-) My teacher wouldn’t sell her car yesterday
(?) …………………………………………………….

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6. (+) …………………………………………………….
(-) …………………………………………………….
(?) Would my mother go to France last year?

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

a. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + would / should + V-1 + O?
b. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + would / should + S + V-1 + O?

EXAMPLE
The good smart student would study English in my house last time
a b c d e f

a. Which smart student would study English last time?

b. Which good student would study English last time?
c. Who would study English last time?
d. What would the good smart student do last time?
e. Where would the good smart student study English?
f. When would the good smart student study English?

EXERCISE
1. A cleaver student would take the examination yesterday
a b c d e f

a. ……………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………………
e. ……………………………………………………………………
f. ……………………………………………………………………

2. Their mother would give them an English book

a b c d e f

a. ……………………………………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………………………………………..
c. ……………………………………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………………………………..
e. ……………………………………………………………………..
f. ……………………………………………………………………..

3. A smart painter would paint a good picture in my room

a b c d e f g h i

a. ……………………………………………………………………….

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 b. ……………………………………………………………………….
c. ……………………………………………………………………….
d. ……………………………………………………………………….
e. ……………………………………………………………………….
f. ……………………………………………………………………….
g. ……………………………………………………………………….
h. ……………………………………………………………………….
i. ……………………………………………………………………….

4. An English Student would buy two good books

a b c d e f g

a. ………………………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………………………..
d. ………………………………………………………………………..
e. ………………………………………………………………………..
f. ………………………………………………………………………..
g. ………………………………………………………………………..

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan / kejadian yang seharusnya akan sedang dilakukan pda waktu
lampau.
Misalkan : saya seharusnya sedang mengerjakan PR saya pada pukul 7 kemarin malam. Karena pada waktu tersebut
seharusnya saya mengerjakan PR maka, dinyatakan dalam past future continuous
Tenses ini adalah bentuk progressive dari past future, auxiliary should / would dapat juga diterjemahkan dengan arti
seharusnya.
Keterangan waktu
- On Monday last week
- By this time yesterday
- At …..o’clock yesterday

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + should / would + be + V-ing + O
(They would be playing volley ball)
(-) S + should / would + not + be + V-ing + O
(They wouldn’t be playing volley ball)
(?) Should / would + S + be + V-ing + O?
(Would they be playing volley ball?)

EXERCISE
1. (+) Anton would be watching movie at 8 PM last night
(-) ………………………………………………………………….
(?) ………………………………………………………………….

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2. (+) ………………………………………………………………..
(-) I shouldn’t be doing my homework at 7 last night
(?) …………………………………………………………………
3. (+) …………………………………………………………………
(-) He wouldn’t be eating when she came this noon
(?) ………………………………………………………………….
4. (+) …………………………………………………………………
(-) ………………………………………………………………….
(?) Should I be going to the market by this time yesterday?
5. (+) her sister would be frying the shrimp
(-) ……………………………………………………………………
(?) ……………………………………………………………………

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

a. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + should / would + be + V-ing + O?
b. untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + should / would + S + be + V-ing + O?

EXAMPLE
A new friend would be buying a new English book
a b c d e f g h

a. How many friends would be buying a new English book?

b. Which friend would be buying a new English book?
c. Who would be buying a new English book?
d. What would a new friend be doing?
e. How many English books would a new friend be buying?
f. Which English book would a new friend be buying?
g. What book would a new friend be buying?
h. What would a new friend be buying?

EXERCISE
1. The greenwood would be singing five songs at worker’s club at 8 o’clock
a b c d e
a. ……………………………………………………………………………
b. ……………………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………………………
d. ……………………………………………………………………………
e……………………………………………………………………………..

2. Mr. Scoot would be repairing an old car in he garage at 9 o’clock last night
a b c d e f g

a. ……………………………………………………………………………..

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 b. ……………………………………………………………………………..
c. ……………………………………………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………………………………………..
e. ……………………………………………………………………………..
f. ………………………………………………………………………………
g. ………………………………………………………………………………

3. An engineer would be serving three costumers about the problems at 7 o’clock

a b c d e f

a. ………………………………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………………………………..
d. ………………………………………………………………………………..
e. ………………………………………………………………………………..
f. ………………………………………………………………………………..

4. An old man would be advising his grand son

a b c d e f

a. …………………………………………………………………………….
b. …………………………………………………………………………….
c. …………………………………………………………………………….
d. …………………………………………………………………………….
e. …………………………………………………………………………….
f. …………………………………………………………………………….

5. Two singers would be wearing new sock

a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………………………

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT

Digunaakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian / perbuatan yang seharusnya telah selesai dilakukan pada waktu
lampau.
Misalkan : Mereka seharusnya telah menyelesaikan pelajaranya tahun lalu.
Tenses ini biasanya digunakan dalam conditional sentence (kalimat pengandaian type III), yaitu pengandaian yang
tidak mungkin terjadi, karena berlawanan dengan kenyataan di waktu lampau.
Mislkan : you would have seen her if you had come here yesterday
Keterangan waktu :
- By………… : menjelang…………

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- By the end of : menjelang akhir
- By the end of last month : menjeleng akhir bulan laalu
- By last month : menjelang bulan lalu
- By last year : menjelang tahun lalu

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + should / would + have + V-3 + O
(She would have finished her study)
(-) S + should / would + not + have + V-3 + O
(She would not have finished her study)
(?) Should / would + S + have + V-3 + O?
(Would she have finished her study?)

EXERCISE
1. (+) They would have invited her to the party
(-) ……………………………………………………….
(?) ……………………………………………………….
2. (+) ……………………………………………………….
(-) They wouldn’t have done their duty
(?) ………………………………………………………..
3. (+) ………………………………………………………..
(-) ………………………………………………………..
(?) Would his father have bought a new car?
4. (+) …………………………………………………………
(-) Our teacher wouldn’t have given us work
(?) ………………………………………………………….
5. (+) five police would have stopped a lot of drivers
(-) …………………………………………………………..
(?) …………………………………………………………..
6. (+) He would have built a big house
(-) ……………………………………………………………
(?) ……………………………………………………………

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

a. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + should / would + have + V-3 + O?
b. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + should / would + S + have + V-3 + O?

EXAMPLE
1. Every student would have take their holiday by last week
a b c d

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a. Who would have done their holiday by last week?
b. What would have every students done?
c. What would have every students take by last week?
d. When would have every student take holiday?

EXERCISE
1. They would have bought a new car
a b c d e

a. ……………………………………………………………..
b. ……………………………………………………………..
c. ……………………………………………………………..
d. ……………………………………………………………..
e. ……………………………………………………………..

2. Our teacher would have given us an exam

a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ……………………………………………………………...
d. ………………………………………………………………
e. ……………………………………………………………….

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang seharusnya sudah sedang berlangsung beberapa lama di masa
lampau.
Contoh ; saya seharusnya tingal selama 2 bulan menjelang bulan kemarin.
(I would have been staying for two months by last month)

POLA KALIMAT
(+) S + Would / Should + have + been + V-ing+ O
(They should have been studying English for 3 months last month)
(-) S + would / should + not + have + been + V-ing + O
(They should not have been studying English for 3 months last month)
(?)Would / should + S + have + been + V-ing + O?
(should they have been studying English for 3 months last month)

EXERCISE
1. (+) He would have been doing the home work
(-) …………………………………………………………...
(?) ……………………………………………………………
2. (+) ……………………………………………………………
(-) their mother would not have been frying noodle last time

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 (?) ……………………………………………………………
3. (+) ……………………………………………………………
(-) …………………………………………………………….
(?) Would you have been visiting your aunt last month?

RUMUS MENGGUNAKAN KATA TANYA

a. Untuk menanyakan subject
Q. W + should / would + have + been + V-ing + O?
b. Untuk menanyakan selain subject
Q. W + should / would + S + have + been + V-ing + O?

EXAMPLE
We would have been swimming for an hour this noon
a b c d

a. Who would have been swimming for an hour this morning?

b. What would we have been doing for an hour this morning?
c. How many hours would we have been swimming this morning?
d. When would we have been swimming this morning?

EXERCISE
1. They would have been repairing a car in the garage
a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………
b. ………………………………………………………………
c. ………………………………………………………………
d. ………………………………………………………………
e. ………………………………………………………………

2. He would have been painting the wall for an hour

a b c d

a. …………………………………………………………………
b. …………………………………………………………………
c. …………………………………………………………………
d. …………………………………………………………………

3. They should have been living in Jakarta for 7 years in 1990

a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………….
b. ………………………………………………………………….
c. ………………………………………………………………….
d. ………………………………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………………………………….

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4. My father would have been working there for 3 years last month
a b c d e

a. ………………………………………………………………….
b. …….............................................................................................
c. ………………………………………………………………….
d. ………………………………………………………………….
e. ………………………………………………………………….

VOCEBULARIES DAILY ACTIVITIES

Get up Write Get dressed

Wake up Read Take a bad
Get up early Wear Take a nap
Get up so late Visit Have a class
Have exercise Play Have a study club
Take a bath Accompany Have a down prayer
Take a shower See Have a down prayer
Brush my teeth Hear Have an afternoon prayer
Have breakfast Drive Have a west prayer
Have lunch Drink Have an evening prayer
Have supper Sweep Prepare
Have dinner Clean Learn
Pray Talk Meet
Take a ritual ablution Bring Eat
Take a rest Buy
Say my prayer Call
Read a magazine Sit
Go to course Sleep
Do my homework Stand
Take a walk Take home
Have a look Study
Listen to the music Push
Watch T.V Knock
Wash my clothes

VOCABULARIES ABOUT ADJACTIVE

Satisfied = Puas
Interested = Tertarik
Confused = Bingung
Impressed = Terkesan
Moved = Terharu

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Offended = Tersinggung
Exited = Gembira
Disappointed = Kecewa
Enchanted = Terpesona
Disgusted = Jijik
Amused = Geli
Terrified Ngeri
Annoyed = Jengkel
Worried = Khawatir
Surprised = Terkejut
Exhausted = Lelah
Frightened = Ketakutan
Embarrassed = Malu
Fascinated = Kagum
Amazed = Takjub
Shocked = Terkejut
Depressed = murung

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